Bit 3233 Audio Video Production: Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Bit 3233 Audio Video Production: Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Bit 3233 Audio Video Production: Analog Audio and Digital Audio
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Key parameters:
Amplitud, timing and Analog Modulation Technique
frequency
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Standard:
Signal model (microphone, speaker,etc)
Signal levels
Connection and termination
Cicrcuit impendence
Handling multi-channel sound
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Tape recorder
Issues: Noise and Frequency Response
Tape handling : large and heavy reels
Very fast FW and RW
Very constant speed
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Digital to
Air pressure Analogue
variations
Converter
Convert `
s back
into DAC
Captured via voltage
microphone
Signal is
converted into
binary
Analogue (discrete form)
to Digital ADC 0101001101 Air pressure
Converter 0110101111 variations
Digitization
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Digital Recording
Conversion
device
Analog-to-Digital
Converter
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Digital-to-Analog
Converter
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Sampling QUANTIZATION
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Sampling Precision
-Controls how many different gradations (quantization levels)
are possible when taking the sample
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Interference Impendence
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
File Format
There are two main types of audio files :
PCM stands for Pulse Code Modulation. This is just a fancy name for
the technique described above, where each number in the digital audio
file represents exactly one sample in the waveform.
Common examples of PCM files are WAV files, AIFF files, and
Sound Designer II files.
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
44100 * 60 * 16 *2
8
= 10584000 bytes = 10.6 M
Answer:
File size = 661 500 bytes
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Quantization
procedure
The difference between the
actual signal amplitude
and the corresponding
0 nominal amplitude is called
quantization error or
Sample points
quantization noise.
Example:
Example
With Stereo, 16 bits/sample, 44kHz sampling rate, PCM encoding,
how many bits of data will be generated by a three minute sound recording?
Ans:
3min*60sec/min*44000samples/sec*16bits/sample*2(channel)/8bits/byte
=31.68MB/s
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Exercise:
Audio Formats
AU Format
Supported by many different software systems over a large
range of platforms.
Extension .au.
WAVE (waveform) Format
Developed by IBM and Microsoft.
Supported by all computers running Windows, and by all the
most popular web browsers.
Extension .wav
AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)
Developed by Apple.
Tagged file format (similar to TIFF).
Extension .aiff or aif
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
Audio Formats
RealAudio Format
Developed for the Internet by Real Media.
The format allows streaming of audio with low bandwidths.
Extension .rm or .ram.
MP3 (MPEG I Audio Layer 3)
MP3 files are the sound part of the MPEG video format.
MP3 is one of the most popular sound formats for music
recording.
Sounds stored in the MP3 format have the extension .mp3.
Other popular format
MIDI, wma, AC3, etc.
MIDI
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was
developed in the early 1980s for electronical
instruments and computers
Allows different electronic devices to communicate
together
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Chapter 2 Analog Audio and Digital Audio
MIDI
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) was
developed in the early 1980s for electronical instruments
and computers
Allows different electronic devices to communicate
together
MIDI data is not digitized sound: it is a shorthand
representation of music stored in numeric form
It cannot store songs, only tunes.
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