Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 402 views

    Ayyubid Dynasty

    Uploaded by

    Iqra Ayesha
    The Ayyubid dynasty ruled over Egypt, Syria, Yemen, northern Iraq and other areas from 1171-1260 CE. It was founded by Saladin, a Kurdish general, who became the first sultan. Key events included Saladin unifying Egypt and Syria under his rule, and his victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE. The Ayyubid dynasty built many religious buildings, schools, hospitals and fortresses during their rule before eventually fragmenting into competing factions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Ayyubid Dynasty

    Uploaded by

    Iqra Ayesha
    402 views19 pages
    The Ayyubid dynasty ruled over Egypt, Syria, Yemen, northern Iraq and other areas from 1171-1260 CE. It was founded by Saladin, a Kurdish general, who became the first sultan. Key events included Saladin unifying Egypt and Syria under his rule, and his victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE. The Ayyubid dynasty built many religious buildings, schools, hospitals and fortresses during their rule before eventually fragmenting into competing factions.

    Original Description:

    7666666666666

    Original Title

    Ayyubid

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The Ayyubid dynasty ruled over Egypt, Syria, Yemen, northern Iraq and other areas from 1171-1260 CE. It was founded by Saladin, a Kurdish general, who became the first sultan. Key events included Saladin unifying Egypt and Syria under his rule, and his victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE. The Ayyubid dynasty built many religious buildings, schools, hospitals and fortresses during their rule before eventually fragmenting into competing factions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    402 views19 pages

    Ayyubid Dynasty

    Uploaded by

    Iqra Ayesha
    The Ayyubid dynasty ruled over Egypt, Syria, Yemen, northern Iraq and other areas from 1171-1260 CE. It was founded by Saladin, a Kurdish general, who became the first sultan. Key events included Saladin unifying Egypt and Syria under his rule, and his victory over the Crusaders at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE. The Ayyubid dynasty built many religious buildings, schools, hospitals and fortresses during their rule before eventually fragmenting into competing factions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    AYYUBID

    DYNASTY
    PRESNTED TO:
    SIR SALMAN MATEEN
    PRESENTED BY:
    SAMIULLAH JAKHRO-09
    RAFIA TARIQ-32
    ABDUL RAFFAY-25
    WALEED KHAN-06
    SADDAM AYUBI-41
    AYYUBID DYNNASTY

     The Ayyubid or Ayyoubid Dynasty (1171–1260a)was a Sunni Muslim


    dynasty of Kurdish.
     which ruled Egypt, Syria, Yemen (except for the Northern
    Mountains), Diyar Bakr, Mecca, Hejaz and northern Iraq in the 12th
    and 13th centuries.
     founded by Saladin and centered in Egypt.
     The Ayyubid dynasty came to power under the leadership of the
    Kurdish Zangid general Salah al-Din (r. 1169–93), known in Europe as
    Saladin.
     The dynasty's name comes from Saladin's father and Shirkuh's
    brother, Najm ad-Din Ayyub.
     POLITICAL SITUATION
    Unified Muslim countries
     SOCIAL SITUATION
    The building of new facilities : schools & mosques
     ECONOMIC SITUATION
    More active trading between Egypt and Levant
     RELIGIOUS SITUATION
    More Islamic writings were published
    Saladin was deeply attached to the Islamic Religion
    SLAH-AL-DIN
     SALADIN, THE SULTAN OF EGYPT, WAS KURDISH, FROM TIKRIT IN
    NORTHERN IRAQ.
     SALADIN IS WELL KNOWN TO BE ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS
    MUSLIM MILITARY HEROES & ONE OF THE GREATEST KINGS IN THE
    WORLD.
     THE AYYUBID DYNASTY CAME TO POWER UNDER THE LEADERSHIP
    OF THE KURDISH ZENGID GENERAL SALAH AL-DIN (R. 1169–93),
    KNOWN IN EUROPE AS SALADIN.
     SALADIN WAS A SUNNI MUSLIM, SO HE BROUGHT BACK SUNNI
    WORSHIP TO EGYPT AND SYRIA.
     HE OPENED A SERIES OF MADRASSAS, OR SCHOOLS, WHICH
    HELPED TO BRING SUNNI FAITH TO THE PEOPLE.
     HE ALSO SPREAD SCIENCE AND MATHS.
     A LOT OF MEDICAL RESEARCH STARTED UP IN CAIRO AND
    ALSO ESTABLISHING RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS AND
    INTRODUCING PUBLIC EDUCATION.
    LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
     HUMBLE
     BRAVE
     AMBITIOUS
     FORGIVING
     SKILFULL
     EDUCATED
     RESPONSIBLE
    LIFE EVENTS
     IN 1164,SALADIN WITH HIS UNCLE SHIRKUH, CONQUERED EGYPT FOR THE ZENGID KING
    NUR AD-DIN OF DAMASCUS
     IN 1169,WHEN SHIRKUH DIES,FATIMID CALIPH AL-ADID APPOINTED SALADIN AS A VIZIER
    OF FATIMIDS .
     IN 1171,WHEN CALIPH AL-ADID DIES, SALAHUDDIN SUPPRESSES THE FATIMID RULERS
    OFEGYPT WHEREUPON HE UNITES EGYPT
     IN 1174,WHEN ZENGID SULTAN NUR AL-DIN DIES, SO SALADIN CONQUERING
    DAMASCUS AND BECOMES SULTAN OF EGYPT AND SYRIA IN
     IN 1183,CONQUERS THE IMPORTANT NORTH-SYRIAN CITY OF ALEPPO QAND IN
    1186,CONQUERS MOSUL IN NORTHERN IRAQ
     IN 1187,UNDER SALADIN'S COMMAND, THE AYYUBID ARMY DEFEATED THE CRUSADERS
    AT THE DECISIVE BATTLE OF HATTIN .
     IN OCT 1187,WITH HIS NEW STRENGTH HE ATTACKS THE LATIN KINGDOM OF
    JERUSALEM, AND AFTER THREE MONTHS OF FIGHTING GAINS CONTROL OVER THE CITY.
     IN DEC 1188,CRUSADER CONRAD OF MONTFERRAT DEFEATS AND SEIZES MOST OF
    THE MUSLIM FLEET AT TYRE.
     IN 1189,POPE GREGORY VIII CALLS FOR A THIRD CRUSADE TO FREE JERUSALEM
    FROM SALADIN.
     IN 1193 SALADIN DIES, HIS TWO SONS, CONTROLLING DAMASCUS AND ALEPPO,
    FIGHT FOR POWER, BUT ULTIMATELY SALADIN'S BROTHER AL-ADIL BECOMES
    SULTAN.
    LATER RULERS
     HIS BROTHER AL-ADIL RULED IN THE JEZIREH AND TRANSJORDAN;
     HIS BROTHER TOGHTEKIN RULED IN YEMEN
     HIS NEPHEWS RULED IN BAALBEK AND HAMAH
     THE DESCENDANTS OF SHIRKUH RULED IN HOMS.
     THE REST OF THE EMPIRE WAS DIVIDED UP ON SALADIN'S DEATH AMONG HIS THREE
    SONS:
     AL-AFDAL, THE ELDEST, HELD DAMASCUS AND WAS INTENDED TO BE OVERLORD
    OF THE WHOLE; T
     SECOND, AL-AZIZ, TOOK EGYPT
     THIRD, AZ-ZAHIR, RULED ALEPPO.
    END OF SULTANATE
     AL-ASHRAF MUSA LAST SULTAN OF EGYPT.
     AN-NASIR YUSUF LAST EMIR OF DAMASCUS AND ALEPPO.
     BAHRAMSHAH LAST EMIR OF BA'ALBEK.
     AL-AFDAL MUHAMMAD LAST EMIR OF HAMAH.
     AL-ASHRAF MUZAFFAR LAST EMIRS OF HOMS.
     ADIL SULEYMAN II LAST EMIR OF HISN KAYFA.
     AL MUGHITH UMAR LAST EMIR OF KERAK
     AL KAMIL MUHAMMAD LAST EMIR OF MESOPOTAMIA.
     AL MAS'UD YUSUF LAST EMIR OF YEMEN AND HEJAZ.
    AYYUBID ARCHITECTURE
     MILITARY ARCHITECTURE WAS THE SUPREME EXPRESSION OF THE AYYUBID PERIOD
     MUSLIM WOMEN, PARTICULARLY THOSE FROM THE AYYUBID FAMILY, THE FAMILIES OF
    LOCAL GOVERNORS, AND THE FAMILIES OF THE ULEMA ("RELIGIOUS SCHOLARS") TOOK
    AN ACTIVE ROLE IN AYYUBID ARCHITECTURE.
     DAMASCUS WITNESSED THE MOST SUSTAINED PATRONAGE OF RELIGIOUS
    ARCHITECTURE BY WOMEN.
    MADRASA AL-SAHIBA,DAMUSCUS,SYRIA WAS BUILT BY SALADIN SISTER RABIA KHATUN.
    MADRASA AL-FIRDAWS,ALEPPO,ITS PATRON (FINANCIAL SUPPORT)WAS DAYFA
    KHATUN,THE WIFE OF AYYUBID GOVERNER AL-ZAHIR GHAZI.
    MAUSOLEUM OF AL-SALEH AYYUB,COMMISIONED BY HIS WIFE SHAJAR-AL-DUR.
     BULDING TYPES
     SCHOOLS,MOSQUE,MADARSSAS,HOSPITALS,CITADELS,BATHS ,MAUSOLEUM,GATES
    AND CHARITABLE INSTITUTES.
    EGYPT
    SALADIN CASTLE
     Also known as citadel of saladin. Or cairo citadel.
     Today known as Mohammad Ali castle.
     Sladin started to build this castle but he died before
    its completion.
     Built from limestone.
     Surrounded by syrian coastal mountain range.
     The castle contains Al Nasir Mohammad and
    Suleyman pasha mosque.
     It is now a preserved historic site with mosque and
    museum.
    MAUSOLEUM OF IMAM AL-
    SHAFI'I
     LOCATED AT THE IMAM SHAFI'S STREET IN THE CITY OF THE
    DEAD,CAIRO.
     DEDICATED TO AL-SHAFI.
     AFTER THE DEATH OF THE MOTHER OF AYYUB SULTAN,AL-
    KAMIL BUILT A MAUSOLEUM FOR HER NEAR THE SITE AND
    SIMULTANEOUSLY BUILT A DOME AND A BUILDING WHICH
    COVERS ENTIRE AREA AS WELL AS GRAVE OF IMAM SHAFI.
     IT CONTAINS WOODEN DOME,MUQARNAS AND MARBLE
    DECORATION ADDED BY MAMLUK SULTAN.
    JORDAN
    AJLOUN CASTLE
    • IS A 12TH CENTURY MUSLIM CASTLE SITUATED IN
    NORTHWESTERN JODAN.
    • IT IS A PLACE ON HILL TOP.
    • ENLARGED BY MAMLUK IN 13TH CENTURY.
    • IT WAS RENOVATED AS A FORT BY IZZ-AL-DIN
    USAMA,A GENERAL IN THE ARMY OF SALADIN.
    • THE CASTLE CONNECTING DAMUSCUS AND EGYPT.
    • SALADIN ORDERED TO BUILD THIS CASTLE TO
    PREVENT FROM CRUSADER EXPANSION
    SYRIA
    HANABILA MOSQUE
     ALSO CALLED MUZAFFRI MOSQUE OR DARWISH PASHA
    MOSQUE.
     REGARDED AS EARLY AYYUBID ERA MOSQUE.
     LOCATED IN DAMUSCUS,SYRIA.
     CONTAINS ONE MINARET.
     BUILT FROM STONE AND TILE.
    CITADEL OF DAMUSCUS
     IT IS A LARGE FORTIFIED PALACE AND CITADEL IN
    DAMUSCUS,SYRIA.
     IN 1174 ,THE CITADEL WAS CAPTURED BY SALADIN.
     WHO MADE IT HIS RESIDENCE AND HAD THE DEFENCE.
     SALADIN'S BROTHER AL-ADIL REBUILT THE CITADEL.
     IT HAS GATES ON NORTHERN,WESTERN AND EASTERN SIDE.
     LOCATED IN THE NORTH-WEST CORNER OF THE CITY WALLS.
     THE WALLS WERE ORGINALLY PROTECTED BY 14 MASSIVE
    TOWERS BUT TODAY ONLY 12 REMAIN.
    OTHER WORKS

     Madrasa Al-Firdaws,Aleppo,Syria
     Mausloeum of Al-saleh Ayyub Cairo,Egypt.
     Bab-Al-Qinnasrin,Aleppo,Syria

    You might also like