Common Size Comparative Balance Sheet

December 31, 2002, and 2001

(dollars in thousands)

http://www.accountingformanagement.com/vertical_analysis_ful Common-
Size
l.htm Percentages
2002 2001 2002 2001
Assets
Current assets:
$ $
Cash 3.8% 8.1%
1,200 2,350
Accounts receivable, net 6,000 4,000 19.0% 13.8%
Inventory 8,000 10,000 25.4% 34.5%
Prepaid expenses 300 120 1.0% 0.4%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- -- ---
Total current assets 15,500 16,470 49.2% 56.9%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Property and equipment:
Land 4,000 4,000 12.7% 13.8%
Building and equipment 12,000 8,5000 38.1% 29.3%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Total property and equipment 16,000 12,500 50.8% 43.1%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
$ $ 100.0 100.0
Total assets
31,500 28,970 % %
===== ===== ===== =====
= = = =
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Current liabilities:
$ $
Accounts payable 18.4% 13.8%
5,800 4,000
Accrued payable 900 400 2.9% 1.4%
Notes payable, short term 300 600 1.0% 2.1%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Total current liabilities 7,000 5,000 22.2% 17.3%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Long term liabilities:
Bonds payable, 8% 7,500 8,000 23.8% 27.6%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Total liabilities 14,500 13,000 46.0% 44.9%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $100, 6%, $100 liquidation value 2,000 2,000 6.3% 6.9%

Common stock, $12 par 6,000 6,000 19.0% 20.7%

Additional paid in capital 1,000 1,000 3.2% 3.5%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Total paid in capital 9,000 9,000 28.6% 31.1%
Retained earnings 8,000 6,970 25.4% 24.1%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
--- --- --- ---
Total stockholders equity 17,000 15,970 54.0% 55.1%
--------- --------- --------- ---------
 --- --- --- ---
$ $ 100.0
100.%
31,500 28,970 %
===== ===== ===== =====
= = = =

*Each asset in common size statement is expressed in terms of total assets, and each liability and equity
account is expressed in terms of total liabilities and stockholders' equity. For example, the percentage figure
above for cash in 2002 is computed as follows:
[$1,200 / $31,500 = 3.8%]

Notice from the above example that placing all assets in common size form
clearly shows the relative importance of the current assets as compared to the
non-current assets. It also shows that the significant changes have taken place in
the composition of the current assets over the last year. Notice, for example, that
the receivables have increased in relative importance and that both cash and
inventory have declined in relative importance. Judging from the sharp increase
in receivables, the deterioration in cash position may be a result of inability to
collect from customers.

The main advantages of analyzing a balance sheet in this manner is that the
balance sheets of businesses of all sizes can easily be compared. It also makes it
easy to see relative annual changes in one business.

Income Statement:

Another application of the vertical analysis idea is to place all items on the income
statement in percentage form in terms of sales. A common size statement of this
type of an electronics company is shown below:

Common-Size Comparative income statement

For the year ended December 31, 2002, and 2001
(dollars in thousands)

Common-Size Percentage

2002 2001 2002 2001

Sales $52,000 $48,000 100.0% 100.0%
Cost of goods sold 36,000 31,500 69.2% 65.6%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Gross margin 16,000 16,500 30.8% 34.4%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Operating expenses:
Selling expenses 7,000 6,500 13.5% 13.5%
Administrative expense 5,860 6,100 11.3% 12.7%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total operating expenses 12,860 12,600 24.7% 26.2%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net operating income 3,140 3,900 6% 8.1%
Interest expense 640 700 1.2% 1.5%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income before taxes 2,500 3,200 4.8% 6.7%
Income tax (30%) 750 960 1.4% 2.0%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Net income $ 1,750 $2,240 3.4% 4.7%
====== ====== ====== ======

*Note that the percentage figures for each year are expressed in terms of total sales for the year. For
example, the percentage figure for cost of goods sold in 2002 is computed as follows:
[($36,000 / $52,000) × 100 = 69.2%]