Tutorial On Modeling The Geodesign Process With BPMN v01

“Super Quick” tutorial
on
Mapping (modelling) the GEODESIGN process
Michele Campagna
Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Mapping the Geodesign process with BPMN v1.0
Table of Contents
Part 1: BPMN definitions

Part 2: Basic BPMN elements and artifacts
Part 3: Examples of BPMN diagrams
Part 4: Software
References
Part 1
BPMN definitions
Skip this general intro and go to go Part 2 if you are interested in more practical details
Definitions 1
Metaplanning
“Metaplanning can be defined as the design of the planning process.
The concept has been applied since the 1970s in many disciplines including management science, artificial
intelligence, and system engineering. The idea of spatial planning as a process is not new in planning theory either. An
early definition of metaplanning and its potential benefits with regards to spatial planning processes were given by
de Betterncourt et al. in 1982. According to them, metaplanning consists of an “explicit effort to identify plan users,
characterise their interest and needs, and design the planning process accordingly to meet them”. As such
metaplanning ‐which in some cases may be a simple, quick and inexpensive effort, while in
some other cases may require larger use of time and resources‐ should be an integral part of any planning process or
task.
The concept of metaplanning may be applied to the second iteration of the Steinitz Framework for Geodesign, which
aims at choosing and clearly defining the methods (and the process) of the Geodesign study.

Definitions 2
Business Process Management (BPM)
Includes concepts, methods and techniques to support the design, administration,
configuration, enactment, and analysis of business processes.
The basis for BPM is the explicit representation of BPs with their activities and execution
constraints between them.
Business Process (BP)
Consists of a set of activities that are performed in coordination in an organisational and
technical environment. These activities jointly realise a business goal. Each business process
is enacted by a single organisation, but may interact with business process performed by
other organisations.
Weske M, 2012 : Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures, 2nd ed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Likewise, we can talk about “Planning/Geodesign Process management” when we apply BPM to spatial
planning and/or Geodesign

Definitions 3
Business Process Model (BPm)
Consists of a set of activities models and execution constraint among them. Each Business
process Model acts as a blueprint for a set of BP instances, and each activity model acts as a
blue‐print for a set of activity instances
Business Process Management System (BPMS)
A generic software system that is driven by explicit process representations to coordinate
the enactment of business processes: it may include among other modules a BPm editor, a
BPm repository
Weske M, 2012 : Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages, Architectures, 2nd ed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
Planning /Geodesign Process Model (P/G Pm)
A PPm (GPm) is a formal representation of a planning/geodesign process

Definitions 4
Business Process Management Suites (BPMS)

Complete set of tools for creating, executing, and optimizing business processes. The BPMSs
enable collaboration between business and IT to automate and optimize business processes.
BPMS feature, among other modules:
• Highly graphical modeling notation
Weske M, 2012 : Business Process Management: Concepts, Languages,
Architectures, 2nd ed. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
• A BPMN editor
• Model repository
• Workflow engine
• Presentation layer
• Reporting utilities
For our project, we may need:

A BPMN editor: to map the geodesign workflows
A model repository: to save and share models

Part 2
Basic BPMN elements and artifacts

Basic BPMN: elements and artifacts (overview)
• Swimlanes Swimlane: visual elements to organise activities
Pool represents actors (organization/IT system).
• Activities
Lane, roles or components.
• Connections
Activities: something which is done (by
• Gateways humans or computers)
• Artifacts
Connections: express the sequence
• Events
Gateways: conditional flow variations
Events: someting that happen
Simple example process in BPMN

Artifacts add information to diagrams
Full BPMN 2.0 specifications can be found here http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/About-BPMN/

Swimlane: visual elements to organise activities
«Actors» Pool represents (macro) actors (or organization/IT system).
Lane, roles or components.
Example
in this example a «Geodesign study» («process or organization») is carried on by 2 roles (i.e. «actors/roles»: team
of professionals + participants/planning‐stakeholders)

Events: someting that happen
A process has always at least a «Start»
and a «end» event
Events
Example
Each process starts and ends with a «start» and a «end» «event».
This is an empty process (i.e. no activities are defined, yet)

humans with/without/or computers)
Activities and connections
Example
High level description of the process (i.e. 3° framework iteration: each activity is 1 of the 6 models)
The Representation, Process, and Evaluation models (RM, PM, EM) are done by the GD team, while the Change,
Impact, and Decision Models (CM, IM, DM) are done by the workshop participants
Activities are named using the format: verb – object
If a task is complex it can be modelled in a nested diagram («sub‐process») (see next slide)
The sequence is linear here, but feedback loop can be modelled using «Getways» (see next slide +2)

humans with/without/or computers)
Sub‐processes
Example
If a task is complex (i.e. CREATE RM) it can be modeled in a nested diagram («sub‐process»)

Artifacts add information to diagrams
Artifacts
Example
Additional information about: task descriptions, data output/input, technology tools, etc..

Gateways: conditional flow variations
Artifacts
Example
EXCLUSIVE CHOICE
PARALLEL SPLIT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
SYNCRONIZATION
SIMPLE MERGE

Part 3
Further applied examples

Example: modelling Geodesign actors

BPMN 1
Example of GeodesignHub workflow in BPMN
Overview workflow (model) of a Geodesign study with Geodesignhub (www.geodesignhub.com)
Details about each (sub) activity or task can be mapped in a new model according to a hierarchical series of diagrams

BPMN 1
Example of Geodesign process model in BPMN

Part 4
BPMN editors-software alternatives
• Signavio (web-based) (free for education)
• Yaoqiang (desktop java app) (freeware for non-commercial use)

Software 1
BPMN editors: Signavio

Quick video tutorial available at https://youtu.be/vNWsrYxKyoI
Software 1
BPMN editors: Signavio
http://academic.signavio.com/p/register

Software 2
BPMN editors: Yaoqiang BPMN Editor https://sourceforge.net/projects/bpmn/

References
References on BPM and Geodesign
• Campagna M (2016) Metaplanning: About designing the Geodesign process, Landscape and Urban Planning, 156 (2016) 118–128
https://goo.gl/4ECtX2
• Campagna M (2015) Geodesign as a process: from modelling to enactment. In: Buhmann E, Ervin S, Pietsch M (eds) Peer Reviewed
Proceedings of Digital Landscape Architecture 2015. Herbert Wichmann Verlag, Berlin. pp. 276‐283 https://goo.gl/CF9KAP
• Campagna M, Ivanov K, Massa P (2014) Implementing metaplanning with Business Process Management. Procedia Environmental Science,
Elsevier, Vol 22, pp. 199–209 https://goo.gl/gMMHEk
Other background references on BPM
• Weske, M. (2012). Business process management: concepts, languages, architectures (2nd ed.). Berlin‐Heidelberg: Springer‐Verlag
https://goo.gl/8Y3v8F


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“Super Quick” tutorial

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Part 1: BPMN definitions

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Business Process Management Suites (BPMS)

For our project, we may need:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Basic BPMN elements and artifacts

Gateways: conditional flow variations

Events: someting that happen

Simple example process in BPMN

Full BPMN 2.0 specifications can be found here http://www.omg.org/spec/BPMN/2.0/About-BPMN/

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Further applied examples

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

BPMN editors-software alternatives

• Signavio (web-based) (free for education)

• Yaoqiang (desktop java app) (freeware for non-commercial use)

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

Michele CAMPAGNA Tutorial:

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