G.R. No.

123546 July 2, 1998

PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,

FACTS:
JoeralGalleno was charged with statutory rape committed against Evelyn
Obligar, a five year old girl. The prosecution presented three expert witnesses namely,
Dr. Alfonso Orosco, Dr. Ma. Lourdes Lañada, and Dr.Machael Toledo, whose
testimonies convinced the trial court that rape was committed against Obligar. Galleno
contended that he should be acquitted since the expert testimonies
were not impeccable considering that the doctors found that there was no presence of
spermatozoa, and that they were not sure as to what caused the laceration in the
victim's vagina.

ISSUES:
Whether or not the Trial Court erred in giving full weight and credence to the
testimonies of the medical doctors when the same failed to conclusively and sufficiently
establish the cause of the laceration in the offended party’s vagina.

RULING:
No. As a general rule, witnesses must state facts and not draw conclusions or
give opinions. It is the court's duty to draw conclusions from the evidence and
form opinions upon the facts proved. However, conclusions and opinions of witnesses
are received in many cases, and are not confined to expert testimony, based on
the principle that either because of the special skill or expert knowledge of the witness,
or because of the nature of the subject matter under observation, or for other reasons,
the testimony will aid the court in reaching a judgment.
In the case at bar, the trial court arrived at its conclusions not only with the aid of
the expert testimony of doctors who gave their opinions as to the possible cause of the
victim's laceration, but also the testimony of the other prosecution witness, especially
the victim herself. In other words, the trial court did not rely solely on the testimony of
the expert witnesses. Such expert testimony merely aided the trial court in the exercise
of its judgment on the facts. Hence, the fact that the experts enumerated various
possible causes of the victim's laceration does not mean the trial court's interference is
wrong.
The absence of spermatozoa in the victim's vagina does not negate the
conclusion that it was his penis which was inserted in the victim's vagina. In rape, the
important consideration is not the emission of semen but the penetration of the female
genitalia by the male organ.
[G.R. No. 123546. July 2, 1998]
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES vs. JOERAL GALLENO,
Facts:
The victim Evelyn Obligar Garganera a 5-year old together with her younger brother, 3-year old Eleazar, live under the care and custody of their uncle, Emetario
Obligar, and aunt, Penicola Obligar.The accused-appellant, is 19-year old Joeral Galleno. On August 16, 1994, Emetario and Penicola left their residence to work
at sugarcane plantation and the only persons left in the house were Evelyn and Eleazar.
At around 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Galleno passed by the Obligars' residence and found the two children left to themselves. The prosecution and the defense
presented conflicting versions on what occurred at said residence. However, the result is undisputed. Evelyn sustained a laceration in her vagina which result in
profuse, life-threatening bleeding due to her tender age.
For the prosecution, the victim herself testified that Galleno took advantage of the situation by sexually molesting her. After lowering her shorts, he made Evelyn
sit on his lap, facing him. The penetration caused the child's vagina to bleed, making her cry in pain. Emeterio and Penicola also testified that when they came
home from work, they arrived to find Evelyn crying. Emetario noticed that there was blood in Evelyn's dress and she was pressing a rug against her genital organ.
Dr. Alfonso D. Orosco, the Rural Health Physician reported, upon examining Evelyn, that he found (1) clotted blood, and (2) a vaginal laceration.
On August 18, 1994, Emeterio brought Evelyn to the Roxas Memorial General Hospital were she was examined by resident physician Dr. Ma. Lourdes Lañada.
Dr. Lañada, testified that she found that "there was a 3 cm. lacerated wound at the left anterior one-third of the vagina" and "the pressence of about 10-15cc of
blood" at the vaginal vault. Dr. Lañada recommended that evelyn be admitted for confinement in the hospital because the wound in her vagina, which was
bleeding, had to be repaired. The following day, Evelyn was examined at Roxas Memorial General Hospital again where she was attended to by Dr. Machael
Toledo, the resident physician on duty, who found blood clots and minimal bleeding in the genital area. Dr. Toledo " … pack(ed) the area to prevent further bleeding
and (he) … admitted the patient for possible repair of the laceration and blood transfusion because she has anaemia 2ndary to bleeding."
The trial deemed the following circumstances significant in finding accused-appellant culpable for the crime of Statutory Rape.
Hence, the instant appeal and review.

Issue:
The Trial Court erred in giving full weight and credence to the testimonies of the medical doctors.

Ruling:
As a general rule, witnesses must state facts and not draw conclusions or give opinions. It is the court's duty to draw conclusions from the evidence and form
opinions upon the facts proved. However, conclusions and opinions of witnesses are received in many cases, and are not confined to expert testimony, based on
the principle that either because of the special skill or expert knowledge of the witness, or because of the nature of the subject matter under observation, of for
other reasons, the testimony will aid the court in reaching a judgment.
In the case at bar, the trial court arrived at its conclusions not only with the aid of the expert testimony of doctors who gave their opinions as to the possible
cause of the victim's laceration, but also the testimony the victim herself. In other words, the trial court did not rely solely on the testimony of the expert witnesses.
Such expert testimony merely aided the trial court in the exercise of its judgment on the facts. Hence, the fact that the experts enumerated various possible
causes of the victim's laceration does not mean the trial court's interference is wrong.
As regards the inconsistencies in Evelyn's declaration, particularly as to what really caused the laceration, we are convinced that the child, due to her tender
age, was just confused.
As regards accused-appellant's argument that the victim's testimony is just a concocted story of what really happened, we apply the rule that the revelation of an
innocent child whose chastity was abused deserves full credence (People vs. Cagto, 253 SCRA 455 [1996]). We likewise consider the fact that her uncle and aunt,
virtually her foster parents, themselves support her story of rape. It is unnatural for a parent to use her offspring as an engine of malice, especially if it will subject a
daughter to embarrassment and even stigma (People vs. Dones,supra.)

WHEREFORE, finding the conviction of accused-appellant justified by the evidence on record, the assailed decision is hereby AFFIRMED in toto. SO ORDERED.