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    Facts Devices: 1. Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS)

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    khalid
    This document discusses three types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices: 1) Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) which controls power flow by inserting a variable quadrature voltage, 2) Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) which controls power transfer by modifying the series impedance, and 3) Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which regulates voltage and improves power factor. It then examines how each FACTS device modifies the standard power flow equation to provide power flow control capabilities.

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    Facts Devices: 1. Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS)

    Uploaded by

    khalid
    38 views8 pages
    This document discusses three types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices: 1) Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) which controls power flow by inserting a variable quadrature voltage, 2) Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) which controls power transfer by modifying the series impedance, and 3) Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which regulates voltage and improves power factor. It then examines how each FACTS device modifies the standard power flow equation to provide power flow control capabilities.

    Original Description:

    dynamics FACTS

    Original Title

    08 FACTS Devices

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    This document discusses three types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices: 1) Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) which controls power flow by inserting a variable quadrature voltage, 2) Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) which controls power transfer by modifying the series impedance, and 3) Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which regulates voltage and improves power factor. It then examines how each FACTS device modifies the standard power flow equation to provide power flow control capabilities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views8 pages

    Facts Devices: 1. Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS)

    Uploaded by

    khalid
    This document discusses three types of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices: 1) Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS) which controls power flow by inserting a variable quadrature voltage, 2) Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) which controls power transfer by modifying the series impedance, and 3) Static VAR Compensator (SVC) which regulates voltage and improves power factor. It then examines how each FACTS device modifies the standard power flow equation to provide power flow control capabilities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    FACTS DEVICES

    1. Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter (TCPS)

    The basic function of a phase shifter is to provide


    means to control the power flow in a transmission
    line. This can be accomplished by modifying the
    voltage phase angle by inserting a variable quadrature
    voltage in series with the transmission line. The phase
    of the output voltage can be varied relative to that of
    the input voltage by simply varying the magnitude of
    the series quadrature voltage. The structure of a
    thyristor-controlled phase shifter and its phasor
    diagram are shown in figure below.
    '
    v ∆v v
    ∆v

    Tr.#2
    Φ

    Tr.#1 v ' v
    Vdc

    Schematic diagram of TCPS


    2. Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

    The basic function of a series capacitor is to provide


    means to control the power transfer between areas by
    modifying the net series impedance. The structure of a
    fixed capacitor/thyristor-controlled reactor (FC/TCR)
    TCSC is shown in figure below.

    Firing
    Angle
    Control

    XL

    XC

    Schematic diagram of TCSC

    3. Static VAR Compensator (SVC)

    Static VAR compensators (SVCs) have been initially


    employed to regulate the voltage at the midpoint of a
    long transmission line, improve the power factor,
    increase the transmission capacity, and enhance
    transient stability. The basic configuration of a static
    VAR compensator of fixed capacitor and thyristor-
    controlled reactor (FC/TCR) type is shown in figure
    below.

    XL

    XC
    Firing
    Angle
    Control

    Schematic diagram of SVC


    POWER FLOW MODULATION USING FACTS DEVICES

    Without FACTS devices, the real power flow in the


    transmission line shown below is given by
    sin (δ ij )
    Vi V j
    P=
    X ij
    where Vi ∠δi and Vj∠δj are the end bus voltages and
    δij=δi-δj. The transmission line resistance is neglected
    for simplicity.

    jX ij
    Vi ∠δ i V j ∠δ j

    A transmission line without FACTS devices

    1 Thyristor-Controlled Phase Shifter

    The real power flow through a transmission line with


    TCPS, shown in Fig. 3.2, can be described as follows.

    sin (δ ij − Φ )
    Vi V j
    P=
    X ij
    Hence, the real power flow can be regulated by
    controlling the angle Φ.

    1.0∠Φ : 1.0

    jX ij
    Vi ∠δ i V j ∠δ j

    A transmission line with TCPS

    2 Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor

    The real power flow through a transmission line with


    TCSC can be described as follows.
    sin (δ ij )
    Vi V j
    P=
    X ij (1 − k )
    where k represents the TCSC compensation level and
    it is given by
    X CSC
    k=
    X ij
    The equivalent reactance of the TCSC, Xcsc, is given
    by
    X C X L (α )
    X CSC =
    X C − X L (α )
    and;
    π
    X L (α ) = XL for π / 2 ≤ α ≤ π
    2π − 2α + sin (2α )
    where α is the thyristor firing angle.
    Hence, the real power flow can be regulated by
    controlling the compensation level k.
    jX CSC

    jX ij
    Vi ∠δ i V j ∠δ j

    A transmission line with TCSC

    3 Static VAR Compensator


    A transmission line with SVC installed at the middle
    is shown in Fig. 3.4. The real power flow through a
    transmission line can be described as follows.
    Vi V m
    P=2 sin (δ im )
    X ij
    where δim=δi-δm. Normally, δim≈δij/2 and Vm≈Vj hence
    the real power flow can be rewritten as
    sin (δ ij / 2 )
    Vi V j
    P=2
    X ij
    The equivalent susceptance of the SVC Bsvc is given
    by

    − BL (α )
    1
    Bsvc =
    XC
    and;
    2π − 2α + sin (2α )
    BL (α ) = for π / 2 ≤ α ≤ π
    πX L
    where α is the thyristor firing angle.

    jX ij / 2 jX ij / 2
    Vi ∠δ i Vm ∠δ m V j ∠δ j

    jBSVC

    A transmission line with SVC


    In normal operation conditions, Vi and Vj are around
    1.0 pu. Assuming Xij=1.0 pu, the effect of different
    compensation schemes on the real power flows is
    shown in the figure below.
    3.00
    No Compensation
    Series Compensation
    Shunt Compensation
    Phase Angle Control
    2.00
    Power (pu)

    1.00

    0.00
    0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
    Angle (rad)
    P-δ curve with and without FACTS devices
    compensations

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