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    What Is Kaolin

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    Mekiya Defar
    Kaolin, also known as china clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral comprised of hydrated aluminum silicates. It is white or off-white in color and forms hexagonal platelets. There are four main commercial grades of kaolin: air floated, water washed, calcined, and surface modified. Water washing is a more intensive process than air flotation to remove impurities. Calcination involves heat treating kaolin to remove its water content, while surface modification uses calcined kaolin as a substrate for chemical treatments.

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    What Is Kaolin

    Uploaded by

    Mekiya Defar
    92 views12 pages
    Kaolin, also known as china clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral comprised of hydrated aluminum silicates. It is white or off-white in color and forms hexagonal platelets. There are four main commercial grades of kaolin: air floated, water washed, calcined, and surface modified. Water washing is a more intensive process than air flotation to remove impurities. Calcination involves heat treating kaolin to remove its water content, while surface modification uses calcined kaolin as a substrate for chemical treatments.

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    Mining and Processing of Kaolin for industrial uses.

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    What is Kaolin

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    Kaolin, also known as china clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral comprised of hydrated aluminum silicates. It is white or off-white in color and forms hexagonal platelets. There are four main commercial grades of kaolin: air floated, water washed, calcined, and surface modified. Water washing is a more intensive process than air flotation to remove impurities. Calcination involves heat treating kaolin to remove its water content, while surface modification uses calcined kaolin as a substrate for chemical treatments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    92 views12 pages

    What Is Kaolin

    Uploaded by

    Mekiya Defar
    Kaolin, also known as china clay, is a naturally occurring clay mineral comprised of hydrated aluminum silicates. It is white or off-white in color and forms hexagonal platelets. There are four main commercial grades of kaolin: air floated, water washed, calcined, and surface modified. Water washing is a more intensive process than air flotation to remove impurities. Calcination involves heat treating kaolin to remove its water content, while surface modification uses calcined kaolin as a substrate for chemical treatments.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 12

    What is Kaolin?

    aka: Kaolin, Clay, China Clay,


    Calcined or Hydrous Clay, or
    Aluminum Silicate
    What is Kaolin?

    „ Whatever you call them, Kaolin clays can be


    chemically described as a group of stacked
    hydrous aluminum silicates composed of
    approximately 45% silica (SiO2), 37%
    alumina (Al2O3), and minor naturally
    occurring trace impurities.
    What is Kaolin?

    „ The term Kaolin originates from the


    Mandarin Chinese word kao-ling meaning
    “high ridge”, which probably relates to
    where these deposits existed.

    „ In modern times, Kaolin generally refers to


    a naturally occurring mineral, kaolinite,
    which is white or off-white in color, in the
    form of hexagonally shaped,stacked
    platelets, of irregular orientation.
    Kaolin, Commercial Processing
    Methods
    What is Kaolin? - Grades by Process

    Commercial grades of Kaolin are generally either available as one of four forms:
    „ Air floated
    „ Water Washed
    „ Calcined
    „ Surface Modified

    „ Air Flotation: a relatively inexpensive process to reduce residue, grit, and moisture
    to consistent levels acceptable to the end users. The crude kaolin is ground,air
    classified to acceptable size distributions, and dried. An air floated clay is generally
    poor in color, higher in residue, and abrasive, as compared to more refined grades.
    What is Kaolin? - Air Float Process

    Graphic Courtesy Thiele Kaolin Company


    What is Kaolin? - Grades by Process

    Commercial grades of Kaolin are generally either available as one of four forms:
    „ Air floated
    „ Water Washed
    „ Calcined
    „ Surface Modified

    „ Water Washing: a much more intense and expensive process of blunging, slurrying,
    sieving, grinding, centrifuging, classifying, chemically and possibly magnetically
    treating, concentrating and drying the crude to achieve a desired level of impurity,
    particle size, brightness, and residue. Further, some grades may be processed
    through attrition milling to delaminate or shear the stacked platelets into the individual
    constituent plates. Regardless of a finished free moisture content, water washed
    clays retain their originally crystalline bound water of hydration at 14% weight.
    What is Kaolin? - Water Wash Process

    Graphic Courtesy Thiele Kaolin Company


    BLUNGING DE-GRITTING

    CENTRIFUGING DELAMINATION
    FILTERING

    DRYING
    What is Kaolin? - Grades by Process

    Commercial grades of Kaolin are generally either available as one of four forms:
    „ Air floated
    „ Water Washed
    „ Calcined
    „ Surface Modified

    „ Calcination: in the simplest sense, water washed grades, chosen to achieve a


    desired finished product requirement, are ground, heat treated at temperatures near
    or above 650°C, and ground again to reduce fused particles formed during the
    calicination. Calcining methods can be either flash with pneumatically conveyed feed
    material experiencing a residence time measured in seconds, but at elevated
    temperatures, or by soak methods which take as much as twenty or thirty minutes to
    complete. Soak calciners can be of either vertical or rotary design, as opposed to
    flash calincations pneumatic conveyance, are consistent in terms of being gravity fed.
    What is Kaolin? - Grades by Process

    Commercial grades of Kaolin are generally either available as one of four forms:
    „ Air floated
    „ Water Washed
    „ Calcined
    „ Surface Modified

    „ Surface Modification: uses calcined material as a substrate for chemical surface


    treatment. The range of treatments is quite varied and application specific.
    Generally treatments are mercapto, amino, or organofunctional silane treatments
    reacted on the kaolin surface to later crosslink with an intended polymer system. Due
    to the improved chemical bond strength achieved, improved physical & electrical
    properties of the final product are realized.

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