Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering

ShavigeMalleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bangalore – 560 078.

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Accredited by National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade
Department of Mechanical Engineering

APPLIED THERMODYNAMICS-ME42
THEORY QUESTION BANK WITH CO’S & BLOOM’S LEVEL

BLOOM’
QUESTIONS CO’S
S LEVEL
MODULE-I
Air Standard cycles
With the help of P-V and T-S diagram develop an expression for thermal efficiency
1 CO1 3
of Otto cycle.
With the help of P-V and T-S diagram develop an expression for thermal efficiency
2 CO1 3
of a Diesel cycle.
With the help of P-V and T-S diagram develop an expression for thermal efficiency
3 CO1 3
of a Dual cycle.
With a help of P-V and T-S diagram develop an expression for thermal efficiency of
4 CO1 3
a sterling cycle.
With the help of a P-V and T-S diagram develop an expression for thermal efficiency
5 CO1 3
of Ericson cycle.
6 List the assumption that are made in calculating the Air Standard efficiency. CO1 1
Compare Otto, diesel and the dual cycle for following conditions:
7 (a.) For the same compression ratio and heat input. CO1 2
(b.) For the constant pressure and temperature.

With the help of P-V and T-S diagram, develop an expression for thermal efficiency
8 CO1 3
of a Carnot cycle.
9 List the assumptions in deriving the expression for Otto cycle. CO1 1
MODULE-I
I.C. Engine
List out the methods that are employed to determine Frictional Power? Explain with
10 CO2 1,2
necessary sketches about (i.) Willian’s Line Method, (ii.) Morse Test.
List out the methods, in which the Air and Fuel consumption can be determined?
11 CO2 1,2
Explain with a neat sketch.
Explain Heat Balance Sheet? Identify the various constituents that are involved in it?
12 CO2 1,2
Also show a simple heat balance sheet on minute basis.
Define the following with respect to Internal Combustion Engines, (i.)Indicated
13 Power, (ii.) Brake Power, (iii.) Frictional Power, (iv.) Number of Explosions, (v.) CO2 1
Calorific Value, LCV & HCV.
List the various methods by which BP can be determined? Explain any two of them
14 CO2 1,2
in detail.
15 Illustrate the following, (i.) Motoring Test, (ii.) Retardation Test. CO2 3

Page 1 of 10
16 List the various parameters which are to be determine during testing of I.C engine. CO2 1
Explain in detail I.C engine Performance characteristics
17 CO2 2
MODULE-II
Vapour Power Cycles
With a neat sketch & T-S diagram explain simple Rankine cycle. Develop the
18 expression for its efficiency. CO3 2,3

With a neat sketch & T-S diagram explain Rankine cycle with Super-Heater. Develop
19 the expression for its efficiency. CO3 2,3

With a neat sketch & T-S diagram, explain Rankine cycle with Re-Heater. Develop
20 the expression for its efficiency. CO3 2,3

21 With a neat diagram explain working of regenerative cycle & its types CO3 2
Explain Carnot vapour cycle
22 CO3 2
List the draw backs of Carnot cycle as a reference cycle
23 CO3 1
MODULE-III
Gas Turbines
With a neat sketch, explain the working of a simple Brayton cycle. Also show it on a
24 CO4 1,2,3
P-V and T-S diagram. Develop an expression for their Thermal Efficiency
With the help of P-V and T-S diagram, list out the modifications that are done on a
25 CO4 1
Brayton cycle to improve its efficiency?
Explain the regenerative gas turbine cycle and derive an expression for its thermal
26 CO4 2
efficiency.
27 Explain with the neat sketches gas turbine cycle with intercooling and reheating. CO4 2
28 Compare actual gas turbine cycle with theoretical cycle? CO4 2
Develop an expression for optimum pressure ratio which gives maximum specific
29 CO4 3
work output in gas turbine considering machine efficiency.
MODULE-IV
Refrigeration
With a neat sketch explain vapour compression refrigeration system; also show the
30 CO5 1,2
P-H & T-S diagram with wet vapour after compression.
With the help of P-H & T-S diagram , represent the following:
a. Cycle with dry saturated vapour after compression,
b. Cycle with superheated vapour after compression,
31 CO5 2
c. Cycle with superheated vapour before compression,
d. Cycle with Sub-cooling.

32 Define refrigerant? List & explain commonly used refrigerants. CO5 1,2
33 Illustrate the desirable properties of refrigerants. CO5 3
Explain the effect of following on C.O.P & capacity of a vapour compression
34 refrigerating system: (i.) Superheating of refrigerant before & after compression, CO5 2
(ii.) Sub-cooling of refrigerant.
With a neat sketch explain air refrigeration system. Also define one ton of
35 CO5 1,2
refrigeration.

Page 2 of 10
MODULE-V
Psychrometry
Define the following with respect to Psychrometry: (a.)Dew point, (b.)Relative
36 CO6 1
humidity, (c.)Absolute humidity, (d.)Dry bulb temperature, (e.)Wet bulb temperature.
With a neat sketch explain use of a Psychrometry chart and explain various processes
37 CO6 2
involved in it?
38 With a neat sketch explain the use of Psychrometry Chart. CO6 2
Define the following, (i.)Bleeding of Steam, (ii.) Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb
39 Temperature, (iii.) Relative Humidity, (iv.) Summer AC system, (v.) Winter AC CO6 1
system.
Define Psychrometry. Explain the Saturated, un saturated and super saturated air
40 CO6 1
water vapour mixture.
41 Develop an expression for the absolute humidity in terms of partial pressure. CO6 3
42 Develop an expression between absolute and relative humidity. CO6 3

PROBLEM QUESTION BANK WITH CO’S & BLOOM’S LEVEL

BLOOM’S
QUESTIONS CO’S
LEVEL
MODULE-I
Air Standard cycles
An ideal diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20 and uses air as working fluid. The
state of air at the beginning of the compression process is 95kPa and 20oC. If the
1 maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed 2200K, determine (i) the thermal CO1 4
efficiency and (ii) the mean effective pressure. Assume constant specific heats for air
at room temperature.
The stroke and cylinder diameters of a compression ignition engine are 250mm and
150mm respectively. If the clearance volume 0.0004 m3 and fuel injection takes place
2 CO1 4
at constant pressure for 5 percent of the stroke determine the efficiency of the engine.
Assume the engine working on the diesel cycle.
An engine operates on air standard diesel cycle. The pressure and temperature at the
beginning of compression are 100kPa and 27oC. The compression ratio is 18. The heat
3 added per kg of air is 1850kJ. Determine maximum pressure, maximum temperature, CO1 4
thermal efficiency, network done and mean effective pressure of the cycle. Assume
γ=1.4 and Cp=1,005kJ/kg K.
For an engine working on an air standard diesel cycle, the compression ratio is 10and
cut off ratio is 1.18. The maximum pressure in the cycle is limited to 70bar. Pressure
4 and temperature of air at the beginning of compression are 1.03bar and 27oC CO1 4
respectively. Determine i) the pressure & temperature at various terminal points in the
cycle ii) the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
The pressure on the compression curve of a diesel engine are at 1/8th stroke 1.4 bar and
at 7/8th stroke 14bar. Determine the compression ratio. Solve for the air standard
5 CO1 3,4
efficiency and mean effective pressure of the engine if the cut off occurs at 1/15 th of
the stroke. Assume initially air at 1bar and 27oC.

Page 3 of 10
 A diesel engine operating on an air standard diesel cycle has 20mm bore and 30mm
stroke. The clearance volume is 4.2 X 10-4 m3. The fuel is subjected for constant
6 CO1 3
pressure for 5% of the stroke. Solve for the air standard efficiency. If the cut off is
delayed from 5% to 8%. What will be the effect on efficiency?
An air standard limited pressure cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and compression
begins at 0.1Mpa, 40oC. The maximum pressure is limited to 6MPa and the heat added
7 is 1674 kJ/kg solve the following: i) The heat supplied at constant volume per kg of air CO1 3
ii) the heat supplied at constant pressure iii) the cycle efficiency iv) the cut off ratio v)
m.e.p of the cycle.
In a constant volume cycle the pressure at the end of compression is 15times than at
the start, the temperature of air at the beginning of compression is 37OC and maximum
8 temperature attained in the cycle is 1950OC. Determine: (i.) The Compression Ratio, CO1 4
(ii.) Thermal Efficiency of the cycle, (iii.) Heat supplied per kg of air, (iv.) The work
done per kg of air.
The compression ratio of a diesel cycle is 14 and cut-off ratio is 2.2. The pressure and
temperature at the beginning of the cycle are 0.98bar and 100OC. If the compression
9 follows the law PV1.32=C, and the expansion follow the law PV1.25=C. Find the CO1 4
following: (i.) Pressure and temperature at all the salient points, (ii.) Mean Effective
Pressure, (iii.) Thermal Efficiency.
An air standard limited pressure cycle has a compression ratio of 15 and compression
begins at 0.1Mpa, 40oC. The maximum pressure is limited to 6MPa and the heat added
10 is 1674 kJ/kg solve the following: i) The heat supplied at constant volume per kg of air CO1 4
ii) the heat supplied at constant pressure iii) the cycle efficiency iv) the cut off ratio v)
m.e.p of the cycle.
The stroke and cylinder diameters of a compression ignition engine are 350mm and
250mm respectively. If the clearance volume 0.0005 m3 and fuel injection takes place
11 CO1 4
at constant pressure for 10 percent of the stroke determine the efficiency of the engine.
Assume the engine working on the diesel cycle.
MODULE-I
I.C. Engine
The following data refer to the test conducted on a two stroke diesel engine run for 20
minutes at full load. MEP= 3bar, Speed= 350 rpm, Net brake load = 0.65KN, Fuel
consumption = 1.52 kg, cooling water = 160kg, water inlet temperature= 30oC, water
outlet temperature = 52oC, A/F ratio = 32, Room temperature = 25oC, Exhaust
12 CO2 2
temperature = 300oC, Cylinder bore = 20cm, stroke = 28cm, Brake drum diameter =
100cm, Calorific value of fuel = 44000kJ/kg, steam formed per kg of fuel in the exhaust
= 1.4 kg, specific heat of steam in exhaust = 2.09 kJ/kg K, specific heat of dry exhaust
gases = 1 kJ/Kg of K. Construct heat balance sheet on minute basis.
Morse test is conducted on a four stroke four cylinder petrol engine at a constant speed
and the following power is measured. With all cylinders working = 15.6kW, With
number 1 cylinder cut off = 11.1 kW, With number 2 cylinder cut off = 11.3 kW, With
number 3 cylinder cut off = 10.8 kW, With number 4 cylinder cut off = 11.0 kW. The
13 CO2 4
bore and stroke of each cylinder is 75mm and 100mm respectively. The clearance
volume of the cylinder is 100cc. The fuel is consumed at the rate of 6kg/hr. Determine
(i) Indicated power (ii) Frictional power (iii) Mechanical efficiency (iv) Brake thermal
efficiency (v) Relative efficiency with respect to brake thermal efficiency.
The following observations were recorded in a test of one hour duration on a single
14 CO2 1,4
cylinder oil engine working on four stroke cycle. Bore=300mm, stroke =450mm, fuel

Page 4 of 10
 used =8.8kg, calorific value=41800kJ/kg, average speed=200rpm, m.e.p=5.8 bar,
brake friction load=1860N, quantity of cooling water=650kg. Temperature rise=22oC,
diameter of the brake wheel=1.22m, Determine: i) Mechanical efficiency ii) show the
heat balance sheet.
In a test of 4-cylinder, 4-stroke petrol engine of 75mm bore and 100mm stroke. The
following results were obtained at full throttle at a constant speed and with a fixed
setting of the fuel supply at 0.082 kg/min. BP with all the 4-cylinder
15 CO2 4
working=15.24kW. BP with cylinder N0.1 cut off=10.45kW, BP with Cylinder, No.2
Cut off=10.33kW, BP with Cylinder, No.3 Cut off=10.23kW, BP with Cylinder, No.4
Cut off=10.45kW, Determine FP & IP
In a test of on a four stroke oil engine, the following results were obtained: Mean
effective pressure=6bar, cylinder diameter=20cm, stroke =40m, torque
produced=407N.m, speed = 250rpm, oil consumption = 4kg/h, calorific value of fuel
16 = 48MJ/kg, air used per kg of fuel = 30kg, rise in temperature of water = 45oC, mean CO2 2
temperature of exhaust gas=420oC, room temperature=20oC, mean specific heat of
exhaust gases= 1kJ/kgK, specific heat of water 4.18kJ/kg.K , cooling water flow rate
=4.5kg/min, find IP,BP. Construct the heat balance for the test, in kJ/h.
During a trial of 60minutes on a single cylinder oil engine having cylinder dia 300mm,
stroke 450mm and working on two stroke cycle, the following observations were
made: total fuel used=9.6litres, calorific value = 45000kJ/kg, total number of
revolutions= 12624, gross mean effective pressure = 7.24bar, pumping mean effective
17 pressure= 0.34bar, net load on brake =3150N, diameter of brake drum= 1.78m, CO2 1,4
diameter of rope= 40mm, cooling water circulated= 545litres, cooling water
temperature rise =25oC, specific gravity of oil=0.8, heat carried away by the exhaust
gas 15% of heat supplied. Determine IP, BP and mechanical efficiency. Show up the
heat balance sheet on minute basis.
A 4 cylinder gasoline engine operates on a 4stroke cycle. The base of each cylinder is
70mm and the stroke is 90mm. calculate volume per cylinder is 70CC. at a speed of
18 3500rpm.the fuel consumption is 20kg/hr and torque developed is 150N-m. Calorific CO2 4
value of fuel is 42000kJ/kg, IP of the engine is 72kW. Determine BP, BMEP, brake
thermal efficiency, relative efficiency and ISFC.
A two stroke diesel engine was motored when meter reading was 1.5kW. test on engine
was carried for one hour and data observed were as follows: Brake torque =120N.m,
fuel used=2.5kg, Cp (gas)= 1.05kJ/kg.K, speed =600rpm, room temperature = 27oC,
19 A:F ratio=32:1, calorific value =40.3MJ/kg, cooling water=818kg, rise in temperature CO2 4
of cooling water=10oC, exhaust gas temperature =347oC, determine brake power,
indicated power, Brake thermal efficiency, and draw the heat balance sheet on minute
basis.
A test two stroke engine gave the following results at full load: Speed =350rpm, net
brake load=65kg, m.e.p=3bar, fuel consumption=4kg/h, Jacket cooling water flow
rate=500kg/h, Jacket cooling water temperature rise=20oC, air used per kg of
20 fuel=32kg, cylinder diameter=22cm, stroke =28cm, effective brake drum CO2 1,3
diameter=1m, CV of fuel=43MJ/kg, Cpg=1kJ/kg, exhaust gas temperature= 400oC,
room temperature=20oC, solve for the mechanical efficiency and show the heat balance
sheet on minute basis.
A 4 cylinder gasoline engine operates on a 4stroke cycle. The base of each cylinder is
60mm and the stroke is 80mm. calculate volume per cylinder is 80CC. at a speed of
21 4500rpm.the fuel consumption is 30kg/hr and torque developed is 250N-m. Calorific CO2 4
value of fuel is 42000kJ/kg, IP of the engine is 75kW. Determine BP, BMEP, brake
thermal efficiency, relative efficiency and ISFC.

Page 5 of 10
MODULE-II
Vapour Power Cycles
A steam power plant operates on a theoretical reheat cycle. Steam at boiler at 150bar,
550oC expands through the high pressure turbine. It is reheated at a constant pressure
of 40 bar to 550oC and expands through the low pressure turbine to a condenser at 0.1
22 4
bar. Draw T-S and h-S diagrams. Determine i) quality of steam at turbine exhaust ii) CO3
Cycle efficiency iii) steam rate in kg/kwh.

A 40MW steam power plant working on Rankine cycle operates between boiler
pressure of 4MPa and condenser pressure of 10KPa. The steam leaves the boiler and
enters the turbine at 400oC. The isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine is 85%
23 CO3 4
determine i) the cycle efficiency ii) the quality of exhaust steam from turbine iii) steam
flow rate in kg/hr. consider pump work.

A 10MW of steam power plant utilises steam at a boiler pressure of 40bar and
superheat of 500oC.steam is throttled in a speed control governor, to a pressure of
20bar, before it is expanded isentropically in the turbine, to the condenser temperature
24 CO3 4
of 50oC. Determine i) quality of steam after expansion ii) Energy added in the feed
water pump iii) Rankine cycle efficiency iv) steam rate of the power plant.

A turbine is supplied with steam at pressure of 32bar and a temperature of 410oC. The
steam then expands isentropically to a pressure of 0.08bar. Determine the dryness
fraction at the end of expansion and thermal efficiency of the cycle.
25 CO3 3,4
If the steam is reheated at 5.5 bar to a temperature of 400oC and then expanded
isentropically to a pressure of 0.08bar, solve for the dryness fraction and thermal
efficiency of the cycle?
An ideal Rankine cycle with reheat is designed to operate according to the following
specification: steam at boiler outlet 150bar and 550oC, Reheat at 40bar to 550oC,
26 condenser pressure -0.100bar, using the Mollier chart Determine i) quality at turbine CO3 4
exit ii) cycle efficiency iii) steam rate

A steam power station uses the following cycle: Steam boiler outlet:150bar, 550oC
reheat at 0.1 bar, using the mollier diagram and assuming the ideal process solve the
27 CO3 3
follwing i) quality of steam at turbine exhaust ii) Cycle efficiency

An ideal Rankine cycle with reheat designed to operate according to the following
specifications: pressure at the inlet of HP turbine=20Mpa, temperature of steam at the
inlet of HP turbine=550oC, temperature of steam at the end of reheat=550oC, pressure
28 of steam at the turbine exit=15kPa, quality of steam at the turbine exit=90%. Determine CO3 4
i) reheat pressure ii) temperature in the condenser iii) ratio of pump work to turbine
and iv) cycle thermal efficiency.

In a steam power cycle, the steam is supplied at 15bar and dry saturated. The condenser
pressure is 0.4bar. Compute and compare the Carnot and Rankine cycle efficiencies.
29 CO3 4
Neglect the pump work

Page 6 of 10
 Steam from a boiler enters a turbine at 25bar and expands to condenser at a pressure
of 0.2bar. Determine the Rankine cycle efficiency for following cases by neglecting
pump work in all the cases. Tabulate the results and comment upon them.
i) When steam is 80% dry at turbine inlet
30 CO3 4
ii) When steam is saturated at turbine inlet
iii) When steam is superheated at turbine inlet by 76.1OC
Represent above 3 process on a single and separate T-S diagrams.

A turbine is supplied with steam at a pressure of 32bar and a temperature of 500oC.

The steam then expands isentropically to a pressure of 0.08bar. Find the dryness
fraction at the end of expansion and thermal efficiency of the cycle.
31 CO3 4
If the steam is reheated at 5.5bar to a temperature of 400oC and then expanded
isentropically to a pressure of 0.08bar, what will be the dryness fraction and thermal
efficiency of the cycle?
A 50MW steam power plant working on Rankine cycle operates between boiler
pressure of 5MPa and condenser pressure of 15KPa. The steam leaves the boiler and
32 enters the turbine at 300oC. The isentropic efficiency of the steam turbine is 75% CO3 4
determine i) the cycle efficiency ii) the quality of exhaust steam from turbine iii) steam
flow rate in kg/hr. consider pump work.
MODULE-III
Gas Turbines
In a regenerative gas turbine cycle air enters the compressor at 1bar, 15oC, pressure
ratio 6. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor and turbine are 0.8 respectively. The
33 maximum temperature in the cycle is 800oC. The regenerator efficiency is 0.78. CO4 4
Assume Cp=1.1 kJ/kgK, γ=1.32 for the combustion products Determine the cycle
efficiency.
In a gas turbine plant working on Bryton cycle with a regenerator of 75% effectiveness,
the air at the inlet to the compressor is at 0.1Mpa, 30oC the pressure ratio is 6 and the
34 maximum cycle temperature 900oC. If the turbine and compressor have each an CO4 4
efficiency of 80%, Determine the percentage increase in the cycle efficiency due to
regeneration.
A gas turbine plant has temperature limit 1000oC and 10oC compression and expansion
process are isentropic. Determine i) pressure ratio which will give the maximum
35 CO4 4
network output ii) maximum net specific work output iv) Carnot efficiency with in the
cycle temperature limits take Cp=1.005 kJ/kgK, γ=1.4.
A gas turbine receives air at 100kPa and 300K and compressor it to 620kPa with
compressor efficiency of 88%. The fuel has a heating value of 44180kJ/kg and fuel air
36 CO4 4
ratio is 0.017 kg of fuel per kg of air. The turbine efficiency is 90%. Determine the
compressor work, turbine work and thermal efficiency.
In an open cycle gas turbine plant air enters the compressor at 1 bar and 27oC. The
pressure after compression is 4bar. The isentropic efficiencies of the turbine and
compressor are 85% and 80% respectively. Air fuel ratio is 80:1. Calorific value of the
37 CO4 4
fuel used is 42000kJ/kg. Mass flow rate of air is 2.5kg/s. determine the power output
from the plant and cycle efficiency. Assume Cp and γ to be same for both air and
products of combustion.
In a gas turbine plant the intake temperature and pressure are 18oC and 1 bar
respectively. Air is compressed to a pressure of 4.2 bar by a compressor. The isentropic
38 CO4 4
efficiency of compressor is 84%. The gases are heated to 650oC in a combustion
chamber, where there is a pressure drop of 0.086 bar. The expansion of gases then

Page 7 of 10
 occurs to atmospheric pressure in the turbine. The thermal efficiency of the plant is
18%. Draw T-S diagram and find the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Neglect mass
of fuel. Take the properties of gas as that of air, Take γ=1.4 for air.
A gas turbine receives air at 100kPa and 300K and compresses it to 620kPa with
compressor efficiency of 88%. The fuel has a heating value of 44180kJ/kg and fuel air
39 CO4 4
ratio is 0.017kg of fuel per kg of air. The turbine efficiency is 90%. Compute the
compressor work, turbine work and also the thermal efficiency of the plant.
The pressure ratio of an open cycle gas turbine power plant is 5.6.Air is taken at 30oC
and 1bar. The compression is carried out in two stages with perfect intercooling in
between. The maximum temperature of the cycle is limited to 700oC. Assuming the
40 isentropic efficiency of each compressor stage as 85% and that of turbine as 90%. CO4 4
Determine the power developed, efficiency of the power plant, if the air flow is
1.2kg/sec. The mass of fuel may be neglected and it may be assumed that
Cp=1.02kJ/kg-K and γ=1.41.
A gas turbine plant has temperature limit 2000oC and 20oC compression and expansion
process are isentropic. Determine i) pressure ratio which will give the maximum
41 CO4 4
network output ii) maximum net specific work output iv) Carnot efficiency with in the
cycle temperature limits take Cp=1.005 kJ/kgK, γ=1.4.
MODULE-IV
Refrigeration
An air refrigerator working on Bell colemann cycle, takes air from cold chamber at 1
bar and -5oC and compresses to 6 bar following the law PV1.25 = C. The compressed
air is cooled to 37oC in the cooler before entering into the expander. The expansion in
CO5
isentropic. Solve the following (i) COP of the cycle (ii) Mass of air circulated per
42 3
minute if 500 kg of ice is produced per day at 0oC when water is supplied at 20oc. (iii)
Refrigeration capacity of the plant in tonnes. Neglect the clearance in compressor and
expander. Take γ = 1.4, CP = 1kJ/kg for air, latent heat of ice= 335 kJ/kg, CP (water) =
4.1868 kJ/kg.
A simple NH3 Vapour compression system has a condenser temp of 30oC and
evaporator temperature of -15oC. The liquid is subcooled by 10oC. Determine (i)
43 Refrigeration effect (ii) mass flow rate per ton of refrigeration (iii) Power per TR (iv) CO5 4
COP (v) Represents on P-h and T-S diagram, Take CPvap = 2.805 kJ/kg , CPliq = 4.606
kJ/kg
A refrigeration system of 10.5 tonnes capacity at an evaporator temperature of -12oC
and a condenser temperature of 27oC is needed in a food storage locker. The refrigerant
ammonia is sub cooled by 6oC before entering the expansion valve. The vapour is 0.95
44 dry as it leaves the evaporator coil. The compression in the compressor is of adiabatic CO5 4
type. Using P-H chart Determine i) condition of vapour at the outlet of the compressor
ii) condition of vapour at entrance to evaporator iii) COP iv) Power required in kW
neglecting valve throttling and clearance effect.
A refrigeration unit take air from a cold chamber at 5oC and compresses it from 1 bar
to 6.5bar. The index of compression is 1.25. The compressed air is cooled to a
temperature which is 10oC above the ambient temperature of 30oC before being
45 CO5 3
expanded isentropically in an expander. Solve for the COP and the amount of air
circulated in m3/min. If 2000kg of ice to be formed per day at 0oC from water at 25oC,
what the tonnage of the unit?
A refrigerant-12 vapour compression refrigeration plant producing 10 tons of
46 refrigeration, operates with condensing and evaporation temperature of 35oC and -10oC CO5
respectively. A suction line heat exchanger is used to sub cool the saturated liquid

Page 8 of 10
 leaving the condenser. Saturated vapour leaving the evaporator is superheated in the
suction line heat exchanger to an extent that the discharge temperature of 60oC is 4
obtained after isentropic compression determine i) degree of sub cooling achieved in
the heat exchanger ii) the refrigerant flow rate in kg/s iii) the cylinder dimensions for
two cylinder compressor iv) COP v) power in kW required to drive the compression.
The speed of compressor is 900rpm, stroke bore ratio is 1.1:1
A Freon -12 refrigerator producing a cooling effect of 20kJ/s operates on a vapour
compression cycle with pressure limits of 1509 bar and 9.607 bar. The vapour leaves
the evaporator dry saturated and there is no under cooling. Determine the power
47 CO5 4
required by the machine. If the compressor operates at 300rpm and has a clearance
volume of 3% of stroke volume, determine the piston displacement of the compressor.
Assume volumetric efficiency of compressor as 88%.
A R-12 vapour compression refrigeration plant is to develop 5 tonnes of refrigeration.
The condenser and evaporator temperatures are to be +40oC and -10oC respectively.
determine : i) the flow rate of refrigerant in kg/s ii) the volume flow rate handled by
48 CO5 4
the compressor, iii) the compressor discharge temperature iv) the pressure ratio v) the
heat rejected to the condenser in kW vi) the flash gas percentage after throttling vii)
COP and viii) the power required to drive the compressor.
A vapour compression refrigeration uses Freon-12 has its temperature -10oC and 30oC.
The vapour enters the compressor dry and water cooled by 5oC in the condenser for the
49 CO5 4
capacity of 15TOR Determine i) COP ii)Mass of Freon iii) power required
Cp(Vapour)=0.56kJ/kg.K and Cp(liquid)=1.003 kJ/kgK.
In an air refrigeration plant working on a reversed Bryton cycle, air enters into the
compressor at 1bar -15oC, where it is compressed to a pressure of 5.5 bar. Air enters
50 the expander at 15oC. Determine i) COP of the cycle and ii) Mass flow rate of air into CO5 4
the compressor per minute for 1 ton of refrigeration. Assume both compression and
expansion process are isentropic.
An air refrigerator working on Bell colemann cycle, takes air from cold chamber at 1
bar and -5oC and compresses to 6 bar following the law PV1.25 = C. The
compressed air is cooled to 37oC in the cooler before entering into the expander. The
expansion in isentropic. Determine (i) COP of the cycle (ii) Mass of air circulated per
51 CO5 4
minute if 500 kg of ice is produced per day at 0oC when water is supplied at 20oc. (iii)
Refrigeration capacity of the plant in tonnes. Neglect the clearance in compressor and
expander. Take γ = 1.4, CP = 1kJ/kg for air, latent heat of ice= 335 kJ/kg, CP (water) =
4.1868 kJ/kg.
A simple NH3 Vapour compression system has a condenser temp of 30oC and
evaporator temperature of -15oC. The liquid is subcooled by 10oC. Determine (i)
52 Refrigeration effect (ii) mass flow rate per ton of refrigeration (iii) Power per TR (iv) CO5 4
COP (v) Represent the process on P-h and T-S diagram, Take CPvap = 2.805 kJ/kg , CPliq
= 4.606 kJ/kg
In an open cycle air refrigeration machine, air is drawn from a cold chamber at -2OC
and 1 bar and compressed to 11bar. It is then cooled at this pressure to a cooler
temperature of 20OC and then expanded in a expansion cylinder and returned to cold
53 room. the compression and expansion are isentropic and follows the law PV1.4 = C. CO5 4
Sketch the PV and TS diagram for a refrigeration of 15TR. Find: 1.) Theoretical COP,
2.) Mass of air circulated, 3.) Piston displacement per minute in the compressor and
expander, 4.) Theoretical power per Tonne of refrigeration.
A simple NH3 Vapour compression system has a condenser temp of 28oC and
54 evaporator temperature of -10oC. The liquid is subcooled by 5oC. Determine (i) CO5 4
Refrigeration effect (ii) mass flow rate per ton of refrigeration (iii) Power per TR (iv)

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 COP (v) Represents on P-h and T-S diagram, Take CPvap = 2.805 kJ/kg , CPliq = 4.606
kJ/kg
MODULE-V
Psychrometry
As a result of adiabatic saturation of moist air in a steady flow device at constant
pressure of 96N/m2, the temperature of moist air at initial condition from 32oC is
55 CO6 3
reduced to 22oC at saturated condition. Solve for the relative humidity of moist air at
the initial condition.
For a hall to be air conditioned, the following conditions are given: outdoor
condition=40oC DBT, 20oC WBT, required comfort condition=20oC DBT, 60%RH,
seating capacity of the hall=1500, amount of outdoor air supplied= 0.3m3/min/person.
56 CO6 4
If the required condition is achieved first by adiabatic humidification and then by
cooling Determine i) capacity of the cooling coil in TOR ii) capacity of the humidifier
in kg/h iii) condition of air after adiabatic humidification.
Atmospheric air at 1.0132bar has DBT of 32oC and WBT 26oC Determine i) the partial
pressure of water vapour ii) the specific humidity iii) the dew point temperature iv) the
57 CO6 4
relative humidity v) the degree of saturation vi) the density of air in the mixture vii)
the density of vapour in the mixture and viii) the enthalpy of the mixture.
A thermometer reads 10oC DBT and 28oC WBT. solve the following i) specific
58 CO6 3
humidity ii) Relative humidity iii) Dew point Temperature iv) Vapour density.
The dry and wet temperature of atmosphere air at 101.325kPa pressure are measured
with sling psychrometer and determined to be 25oC and 15oc respectively. determine
59 CO6 4
i) Dew point temperature ii) Specific humidity iii) Relative humidity iv) Enthalpy of
moist air. Use properties table only, without using psychrometric chart.
Atmospheric air at 1.0132bar has DBT of 28oC and WBT 24oC Determine i) the partial
pressure of water vapour ii) the specific humidity iii) the dew point temperature iv) the
60 CO6 4
relative humidity v) the degree of saturation vi) the density of air in the mixture vii)
the density of vapour in the mixture and viii) the enthalpy of the mixture.

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