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    Topic 3 - Sound Waves

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    1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium by causing particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Common sources of sound waves include vibrating objects like drums, speakers, and vocal cords. 2. Sound waves can only be heard by humans if their frequency is between 20-20,000 Hz. The speed of sound depends on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel, slower in liquids like water, and slowest in gases like air. 3. Properties of sound waves include pitch (determined by frequency), loudness (determined by amplitude of vibration), and whether the vibration is regular (pleasant sounds) or irregular (unpleasant noises).

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    Topic 3 - Sound Waves

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    1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium by causing particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Common sources of sound waves include vibrating objects like drums, speakers, and vocal cords. 2. Sound waves can only be heard by humans if their frequency is between 20-20,000 Hz. The speed of sound depends on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel, slower in liquids like water, and slowest in gases like air. 3. Properties of sound waves include pitch (determined by frequency), loudness (determined by amplitude of vibration), and whether the vibration is regular (pleasant sounds) or irregular (unpleasant noises).

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    1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium by causing particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Common sources of sound waves include vibrating objects like drums, speakers, and vocal cords. 2. Sound waves can only be heard by humans if their frequency is between 20-20,000 Hz. The speed of sound depends on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel, slower in liquids like water, and slowest in gases like air. 3. Properties of sound waves include pitch (determined by frequency), loudness (determined by amplitude of vibration), and whether the vibration is regular (pleasant sounds) or irregular (unpleasant noises).

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views2 pages

    Topic 3 - Sound Waves

    Uploaded by

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    1. Sound waves are longitudinal waves that travel through a medium by causing particles to vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. Common sources of sound waves include vibrating objects like drums, speakers, and vocal cords. 2. Sound waves can only be heard by humans if their frequency is between 20-20,000 Hz. The speed of sound depends on the medium, being fastest in solids like steel, slower in liquids like water, and slowest in gases like air. 3. Properties of sound waves include pitch (determined by frequency), loudness (determined by amplitude of vibration), and whether the vibration is regular (pleasant sounds) or irregular (unpleasant noises).

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    TOPIC 3 – SOUND WAVES:


     Source of sound waves is always a vibrating object. Common vibrating objects are beating of
    drum, loudspeaker, tuning forks, human vocal cords etc.
     Sound waves are longitudinal waves i.e. the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the
    direction of the waves.
     Sound waves travel through the medium
    due to the compression and rarefaction of
    the particles of the medium. Compression
    means when the particles of the medium
    are closer together and rarefaction means
    when the particles are farther apart from
    each other.
     Human ear can only hear sound waves of frequencies in the range of 20 Hz to 20,000Hz. This
    is called the audible range. The upper limit of audible range decreases with increasing the age
    of a person.
     When sound waves reflected from the hard surface it creates an effect of echo. If the distance
    between the source of sounding body and reflecting surface is more than 15m then human
    ears can hear echo. The concert halls are designed by using very special material that can
    absorb sound. The expression use to calculate the distance between source and reflecting
    surface during the echo.

    = where d is the distance between source and reflecting surface, v is the


    speed of sound and t is the time.

    Speed of sound waves:


    The speed of sound waves can be measured by a simple experiment. For this experiment we need a
    stopwatch, a measuring tape, sound making objects for example two wooden blocks, shot gun etc.
    Consider two students A and B are standing next to each other in a play ground outside the school
    building. Student A will make the sound by banging two wooden blocks. Student B will hear two
    bangs, one bang directly from the banging of two blocks and second bang after hearing the reflection
    of sound waves from the school wall. He will start his stopwatch when he hears the first sound and
    stop the stopwatch when he hears the second sound. The time is measured between the two bangs. It
    is the total time taken by sound to cover twice the distance between the students and the wall. The
    speed of sound waves can be calculated by the following formula.
    2× ℎ ℎ ℎ
    =
    ℎ ℎ
    The accuracy of the experiment can be increased by
    1. Find performing the experiment three times and finding the average.
    2. By performing the experiment along the different directions of wind and then finding the
    average as the direction and speed of wind affect the speed of sound waves
     Speed of sound is greatest in solids then in liquids and gases.
    Material(medium) Air (0oC) Water Concrete (wall) Steel
    Speed (m/s) 330 1400 5000 6000
     In air the speed of sound increases with the increase of temperature; however the change of
    pressure has no effect on it.

    Ultrasonic Waves:
    Sound waves whose frequency is above 20,000Hz is called ultrasonic waves.
     Ultrasonic waves produce by quartz crystal oscillator.
     Bats emit ultrasonic waves to judge the distance in front of them.
     Sonar uses it to determine the depth of water.
     It is also used in pre-natal clinic to monitor the health of unborn babies. It has no harmful
    effects.

    Properties of sound waves:

    Pitch:
    Pitch of a musical note depends upon the frequency of the sound waves reaching our ears. High
    pitched sound waves have high frequency and short wavelength.

    Loudness:
    A note or sound becomes louder when more sound energy enters our ears per second. This happens
    when the source is vibrating with larger amplitude for example violin string bowed more strongly.

    Regular vibration:
    Pleasant sound such as the sound from musical instrument is called regular vibration. It is also called
    musical notes.

    Irregular vibration:
    Unwanted sound for example those of motor engine are called
    irregular vibration and it creates noise. A noise signal consists of a
    mixture of frequencies with random amplitudes.

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