ENGLISH GRAMMAR

Ashley del Socorro Mejía Gámez

Colegio Cristiano Restauración

Docente: Cristopher Villalobos.
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Colegio Cristiano Restauraciòn

Name:

Ashley del Socorro Mejía Gámez.

Teacher:

Cristopher Villalobos.

Grade:

Decimo A

Subject:

Ingles

Monday, 12th February, 18

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INDEX

Simple Present Tense. .................................................................................................................................. 5

Past simple ................................................................................................................................................... 9
PRESENTE PROGRESIVO ............................................................................................................................. 12
Use of the Present Progressive ..................................................................................................... 12
Signal words: ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive ............................................................... 13
Questions in the Present Progressive ..................................................................................... 13
Negative sentences in the Present Progressive.................................................................... 14
Past prpgressive ......................................................................................................................................... 16
Future: Will ................................................................................................................................................. 19
FORMING THE SIMPLE FUTURE ............................................................................................... 20
GOING TO ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Irregular verbs ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Regular verbs ........................................................................................................................................... 28
Reading ....................................................................................................................................................... 29

Nasreddin and the Pot ................................................................................................................. 29

Val's Garden .................................................................................................................................... 31

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 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.

Concept The present tense uses the verb's base form (write,
work), or, for third-person singular subjects, the base
form plus an -s ending (he writes, she works).

The present tense indicates that an action is present,

now, relative to the speaker or writer.

The simple present tense in English is used to

describe an action that is regular, true or normal.

Characteristics
I. Present tense habitual activities are frequently signaled by time
expressions such as the following:

all the time every month often

always every semester rarely
every class every week sometimes
every day every year usually
every holiday most of the time
every hour never

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 II. The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the
ending of that verb:
1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in the third
person.

 go – goes
 catch – catches
 wash – washes

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.

 marry – marries
 study – studies
 carry – carries

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says

III. To make a negative sentence in English we normally use Don't or

Doesn't with all verbs EXCEPT To Be and Modal verbs (can, might,
should etc.).

IV. When the subject is he, she or it, we add doesn't between the subject
and the verb to make a negative sentence. Notice that the letter S at the
end of the verb in the affirmative sentence (because it is in third person)
disappears in the negative sentence.

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Examples For repeated or regular actions in the present time period.
I take the train to the office.
•The train to Berlin leaves every hour.
•John sleeps eight hours every night during the week.

For facts.
The President of The USA lives in The White House.
•A dog has four legs.
•We come from Switzerland.

For habits.
I get up early every day.
•Carol brushes her teeth twice a day.
•They travel to their country house every weekend.

For things that are always / generally true.

It rains a lot in winter.
•The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.
•They speak English at work.

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 Exercises:
Put the verbs into the correct form.

1. I (to like) lemonade very much.

2. The girls always (to listen) to pop music.

3. Janet never (to wear) jeans.

4. Mr Smith (to teach) Spanish and French.

5. You (to do) your homework after school.

Make negative sentences.

My father makes breakfast. →

They are eleven. →
She writes a letter. →
I speak Italian. →
Danny phones his father on Sundays. →

Find the signal words for simple present.

1. Which is a signal word for simple present?

now last Monday often
2. Which is a signal word for simple present?
sometimes at the moment yesterday
3. Which is a signal word for simple present?
last Friday every Friday next Friday
4. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
never already usually
5. Which is not a signal word for simple present?
Listen! first ... then ... seldom

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 PAST SIMPLE

Concept The simple past tense, sometimes called the

preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in
a time before now

The simple past is the basic form of past tense in

English.

The time of the action can be in the recent past or

the distant past and action duration is not important.

Characteristics and examples:

I. You always use the simple past when you say when something
happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions:
 frequency: often, sometimes, always
I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.

 a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six
weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work at seven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night

 an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago
People lived in caves a long time ago.
She played the piano when she was a child.
Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is
placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own
language, but the meaning may be different.

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 II. Questions and negatives
We use did to make questions with the past tense:
When did you meet your wife?
Where did you go for your holidays?
Did she play tennis when she was younger?
Did you live abroad?
But look at these questions:
Who discovered penicillin?
Who wrote Don Quixote?
We use didn’t (did not) to make negatives with the past tense:
They didn’t go to Spain this year.
We didn’t get home until very late last night.
I didn’t see you yesterday.

Exercises:

Put the verbs into the simple past:

1. Last year I (go) to England on holiday.

2. It (be) fantastic.
3. I (visit) lots of interesting places. I (be) with
two friends of mine.
4. In the mornings we (walk) in the streets of London.
5. In the evenings we (go) to pubs.
6. The weather (be) strangely fine.
7. It (not / rain) a lot.
8. But we (see) some beautiful rainbows.
9. Where (spend / you) your last holiday?

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Put the sentences into simple past.

1. We move to a new house. →

2. They bring a sandwich. →
3. He doesn't do the homework. →
4. They sell cars. →
5. Does he visit his friends? →

Write sentences in simple past.

1. Janet / miss / the bus →

2. she / tidy / her room →
3. Nancy / watch / not / television→
4. she / read / a book →

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 PRESENTE PROGRESIVO

Concept Thepresent progressive indicates continuing action,

something going on now. This tense is formed with
the helping "to be" verb, in the present tense, plus
the present participle of the verb (with an -
ing ending)

The present progressive can suggest that an action

is going to happen in the future, especially with
verbs that convey the idea of a plan or of movement
from one place or condition to another.

Use of the Present Progressive

• Actions happening at the moment of speaking

• Peter is reading a book now.

• Fixed plans in the near future

•We are going to Basel on Saturday.

• Temporary actions
• I am working in Rome this month.

• Actions happening around the moment of speaking (longer

actions)
• My friend is preparing for his exams

• Trends
• More and more people are using their computers to listen to music.

• Repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker

(with always, constantly, forever)
• Andrew is always coming late

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Signal words:
 Now

 At the moment

 Look!

 Listen!

Form:
to be (am, are, is) + Infinitiv + -ing

Examples:

Affirmative sentences in the Present Progressive

Long forms Contracted forms

I am playing football. I'm playing football.

You are playing football. You're playing football.

He is playing football. He's playing football.

Questions in the Present Progressive

Long forms Contracted forms

Am I playing football? not possible

Are you playing football?

Is he playing football?

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 Negative sentences in the Present Progressive

Long forms Contracted forms

I am not playing football. I’m not playing football.

You are not playing football. You’re not playing football.

You aren’t playing football.

He is not playing football. He’s not playing football.

He isn’t playing football.

Exercises:

Put the verbs into present progressive.

1. My sister (to clean) the bathroom.

2. Look! They (to go) inside.

3. I (to wait) in the car now.

4. Mrs Miller (to listen) to CDs.

5. We (to speak) English at the moment.

Rewrite the sentences using the short forms (where long forms are given) or
the long forms (where short forms are given).

1. We are reading a letter.

2. He is opening the window.

3. I am playing computer games.

4. She's dancing at the party.

5. They're drinking a cup of tea.

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 Rewrite the sentences using the negative forms.

1. We are playing a game.

2. I'm drawing a picture.

3. He is making pizza right now.

4. Susan and her brother are taking photos.

5. Dad is working in the kitchen.

Write questions in present progressive.

1. Robin / to ride / his bike -

2. where / she / to go -

3. what / your mother / to do / now -

4. Which is a signal word for the present progressive?
often now sometimes
5. Which is not a signal word for the present progressive?
always Look! at the moment

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 PAST PRPGRESSIVE

Concept The past progressive tense is used to describe an

on-going activity in the past. Often, it is used to set
the scene for another action

Characteristics and examples:

The past progressive tense can be used to describe an activity in the past which
was interrupted:

 He was painting the door when a bird struck the window.

 They were sleeping when the alarm went off.

You can also have a negative version:

 He wasn't painting the door when a bird struck the window.

 They weren't sleeping when the alarm went off.

And the question version:

 Was he painting the door when a bird struck the window?

 Were they sleeping when the alarm went off?

The past progressive tense can also be used for describing an action taking
place when another occurred.

 While they were painting the door, I painted the windows.

 While they weren't painting the door, I painted the windows.
 Were they painting the door when I painted the windows?
 Weren't they painting the door when I painted the windows?

And, it can be used for describing an action which was taking place at the same
time as another:

 While they were painting the door, I was painting the windows.

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 Note

The past progressive tense is formed like this:

For singular:

was + [verb] + ing

For plural:

were + [verb] + ing

The [verb] + "ing" part is known as a present participle. It is formed like this:

Add "ing" to most verbs:

 play > playing
 shout > shouting

For verbs that end "e", remove the "e" and add "ing":
 prepare > preparing
 ride > riding

For verbs that end "ie", change the "ie" to "y" and add "ing":
 lie > lying
 untie > untying

For verbs whose last syllable is written [consonant-vowel-consonant] and is

stressed, double the final consonant and add "ing":
 run > running
 forget > forgetting

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 Exercises:

Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).

1. When I phoned my friends, they (play) monopoly.

2. Yesterday at six I (prepare) dinner.
3. The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain.
4. I (practice) the guitar when he came home.
5. We (not / cycle) all day.
6. While Alan (work) in his room, his friends
(swim) in the pool.
7. I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen ) .
8. What (you / do) yesterday?
9. Most of the time we (sit) in the park.
10. I (listen) to the radio while my sister (watch) TV.
11. When I arrived, They (play) cards.
12. We (study) English yesterday at 4:00 pm .

Write correct sentences:

Yesterday at 6 pm your family were doing different things. Write positive

sentences in past progressive.

1. My mother / read / a novel

2. My father / watch / a movie
3. My elder sister / writing / in her diary
4. My two brothers / listen / to the radio
5. My little sister and I / not / watch / a
movie
6. We / talk / about school

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 FUTURE: WILL

Concept The simple future refers to a time later than

now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this
case there is no 'attitude'.

Characteristics and examples:

The simple future is used:

 To predict a future event:

It will rain tomorrow.
 With I or We, to express a spontaneous decision:
I'll pay for the tickets by credit card.
 To express willingness:
I'll do the washing-up.
He'll carry your bag for you.
 In the negative form, to express unwillingness:
The baby won't eat his soup.
I won't leave until I've seen the manager!
 With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to make an offer:
Shall I open the window?
 With we in the interrogative form using "shall", to make a suggestion:
Shall we go to the cinema tonight?
 With I in the interrogative form using "shall", to ask for advice or
instructions:
What shall I tell the boss about this money?
 With you, to give orders:
You will do exactly as I say.
 With you in the interrogative form, to give an invitation:
Will you come to the dance with me?
Will you marry me?

Note:In modern English will is preferred to shall. Shall is mainly used

with I and we to make an offer or suggestion, or to ask for advice (see
examples above). With the other persons (you, he, she, they) shall is only used
in literary or poetic situations, e.g. "With rings on her fingers and bells on her
toes, she shall have music wherever she goes."

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Subject will infinitive without to

Affirmative

I will go

I shall go

Negative

They will not see

They won't see

Interrogative

Will she ask?

Interrogative negative

Won't they try?

FORMING THE SIMPLE FUTURE

The simple future tense is composed of two parts: will / shall + the infinitive
without to

CONTRACTIONS
I will = I'll
We will = we'll
You will = you'll
He will = he'll
She will = she'll
They will = they'll
Will not = won't

The form "it will" is not normally shortened.

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 Exercises:

Put the verbs into the correct form (simple future)

James, 18 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future. Here is
what she told him:

1. You (be) very happy.

2. You (get) a lot of money.
3. You (buy) a beautiful house.
4. Your friends (envy) you.
5. You (meet) a beautiful girl.
6. You (marry) her.
7. You and your wife (travel) around the world.
8. People (serve) you.
9. They (not/refuse) to make you happy.
10. But all this (happen / only) when you are 70 years old.

Write positive sentences in the future I (will).

1. (I/do/this/later)
2. (we/go shopping)
3. (the sun/shine)
4. (Peter/call/you)
5. (they/be/there)

Write questions in the future I (will).

1. (what/learn/they)
2. (it/snow)
3. (when/you/get/home)
4. (she/forgive/me)
5. (what/say/he)

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 GOING TO

Concept The use of going to refer to future events suggests a very

strong association with the present. The time is not
important, it is later than now, but the attitude is that the
event depends on something in the present situation that we
know about.

Going is mainly used to refer to our plans and intentions or to

make predictions based on present evidence.

In everyday speech, going to is often shortened to gonna,

especially in American English, but it is never written that
way.

Form:
When we use going in a phrase to talk about the future, the form is composed
of three elements:
the verb to be conjugated to match the subject + going + the infinitive of the
main verb

Subject + to be (conjugated) + going + infinitive

She is going to leave.

I am going to stay.

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Affirmative

He is going to jog.

Negative

He is not going to jog.

Interrogative

Is he going to jog?

Negative Interrogative

Isn't he going to jog?

Examples:

USING "GOING" FOR PLANS AND INTENTIONS

 Is Freddy going to buy a new car soon?

 Are John and Pam going to visit Milan when they are in Italy?
 I think Nigel and Mary are going to have a party next week.
 We are going to have dinner together tomorrow.
 Aren't you going to stay at the library until your report is finished?

USING "GOING" FOR PREDICTIONS

 He's going to be a brilliant politician.

 I'm going to have a hard time falling asleep.
 You're going to be sorry you said that.
 Is it going to rain this afternoon?
 Aren't they going to come to the party?

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 Exercises:

Put the verbs into the correct form (future I). Use going to.

1. It (rain) .
2. They (eat) stew.

3. I (wear) blue shoes tonight.

4. We (not / help) you.

5. Jack (not / walk) home.

6. (cook / you) dinner?

7. Sue (share / not) her biscuits.

8. (leave / they) the house?

9. (take part / she) in the contest?

10. I (not / spend) my holiday abroad this year.

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 IRREGULAR VERBS

Base Form Past Simple (V2) Past Participle (V3)

Arise arose arisen

awake awoke awoken

Be was/were been

Bear bore born(e)

Beat beat beaten

become became become

Begin began begun

Bend bent bent

Bet bet bet

Bind bound bound

Bite bit bitten

Bleed bled bled

Blow blew blown

break broke broken

breed bred bred

Bring brought brought

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broadcast broadcast broadcast

Build built built

Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned

Burst burst burst

Buy bought bought

Can could … (been able)

Catch caught caught

choose chose chosen

Cling clung clung

Come came come

Cost cost cost

creep crept crept

Cut cut cut

Deal dealt dealt

Dig dug dug

Do did done

Draw drew drawn

dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed

Drink drank drunk

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Drive drove driven

Eat ate eaten

Fall fell fallen

Feed fed fed

Feel felt felt

Fight fought fought

Find found found

Fly flew flown

forbid forbade forbidden

forget forgot forgotten

forgive forgave forgiven

freeze froze frozen

Get got got

Give gave given

go went gone

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 REGULAR VERBS

accept amuse applaud attach

add analyse appreciate attack
admire analyze approve attempt
admit announce argue attend
advise annoy arrange attract
afford answer arrest avoid
agree apologise arrive
alert appear ask
allow

back beg
bake behave
balance belong
ban bleach
bang bless
bare blind
bat blink
bathe blot
battle blush
beam boast

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 READING

Nasreddin and the Pot

One day Nasreddin borrowed a pot from his neighbour Ali. The
next day he brought it back with another little pot inside. "That's
not mine," said Ali. "Yes, it is," said Nasreddin. "While your pot
was staying with me, it had a baby."

Some time later Nasreddin asked Ali to lend him a pot again. Ali agreed,
hoping that he would once again receive two pots in return. However, days
passed and Nasreddin had still not returned the pot. Finally Ali lost patience
and went to demand his property. "I am sorry," said Nasreddin. "I can't give you
back your pot, since it has died." "Died!" screamed Ali, "how can a pot die?"
"Well," said Nasreddin, "you believed me when I told you that your pot had had
a baby."

Exercises:

1. Who was the owner of the pot?

A. Nasreddin

B. Ali

C. the baby

2. How many times did Nasreddin borrow the pot?

A. once

B. twice

C. three times

3. How many pots did he give back the first time?

A. none

B. one

C. Two

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4. Why was the neighbour happy to lend his pot a second time?
A. He was greedy.

B. He was a good neighbour.

C. He had lots of spare pots.

5. How many pots did Nasreddin return the second time?

A. none

B. one

C. two

6. What probably happened to the pot?

A. ? It died.

B. ? The neighbour took it back.

C. ? Nasreddin kept it.

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 Val's Garden

I am new to the city. I do not know anyone. But an old woman lives next door.
Her name is Val. She gives me a big box of vegetables.

She grows them in a garden by the sidewalk.

There are carrots, tomatoes, beans, and
peas. They are the best vegetables I ever ate.
Val lives alone, too. But she seems happy in
her garden. She loves plants. Sometimes, I
can hear her talking to them. Maybe that is
why they grow so big.

One day, I stop seeing Val in the garden. I

see people take many boxes from her home. Weeds grow in her garden. The
dirt is dry. The plants look sad. Val must have passed on.

So I pull the weeds. I water the garden. I even talk to the plants.

Then a family moves next door. They are new to the city. They do not know
anyone. And I give them a big box of vegetables from Val’s garden.

Exercises:

1. How long has the writer of the story lived in the city?
A. ? A very long time

B. ? Not very long

C. ? Ten years

D. ? She was born in the city.

2. What kind of vegetable did Val NOT grow?

A. ? Tomatoes

B. ? Carrots

C. ? Corn

D. ? Beans and peas

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3. What happened after the writer of the story stopped seeing Val in her
garden?
A. ? No one watered the garden.

B. ? People took many boxes from Val's house.

C. ? Other neighbors took care of the garden.

D. ? Val's house stayed empty.

4. Why was the new family lucky?

A. ? They moved into a good neighborhood.

B. ? The had lots of friends in town.

C. ? They were lucky because the writer of the story took care
of Val's garden even after she died.

D. ? They had good jobs.

5. What is something that the writer of the story did NOT do after Val
died?
A. ? pull the weeds

B. ? water the garden

C. ? talk to the plants

D. ? learn about Val's family

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