Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter contains the presentation of the analyzed data, its interpretation and analysis.

Presentation of Data

I. Socio-demographic Profile

The tables below show the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of

Age, Religion and Educational Attainment.

Table 1.1 Frequency Distribution of Respondent’s Age

Age Frequency Percentage

14-16 3 9.68

17-19 28 90.32

Total 31 100

Table 1.1 shows the age of thirty (30) pregnant teenagers in selected barangays of Tubod, Lanao

del Norte. It shows that 90.32% of the total respondents are ranging 17-19 years old and 9.68%

are 14-16 years old.

These findings indicate that majority of the pregnant teenagers in this study are aged 17-

19 years old (late adolescence). According to Erickson, individuals in this age bracket adapt and

establish a sense of sexual identity which means that pregnant teenagers incorporate a sense of

femininity into one’s personal identity, establish values about sexual behavior and develop skills
for romantic relationship. This theory explains why majority of respondents are in this age

bracket since it is in this stage where they are most in touched with their sexual identity and

probably venture into behaviors expressing it. This study also revealed that pregnant teenagers

aged 14-16 years old (middle adolescence) comprises the least number of the respondents.

According to the Erickson’s Developmental Stages, individuals in this stage start to concern

about physical and sexual attractiveness (Kozier, 2010 ). In this stage, adolescents are mostly

pre-occupied with how they look and not on how to demonstrate sexual identities with the

opposite sex.

Table 1.2 Frequency Distribution of Respondent’s Religion

Religion Frequency Percentage

Roman Catholic 29 93.55

Protestant 1 3.23

Islam 1 3.23

Total 31 100

Table 1.2 shows the religion of thirty one (31) pregnant teenagers in selected barangays

of Tubod, Lanao del Norte. It shows that twenty nine (29) respondents are Roman Catholic

which comprised to 93.55 %, one respondent is Protestant which comprised to 3.23 % and 1

respondent is Islam which comprised to 3.23 % of the total population.

The result shows that most of the pregnant teenagers in Tubod, Lanao del Norte are

Roman Catholics which may mean that few Roman Catholics provide sex education or totally

ignoring for it goes against their beliefs and morals (Chambers et al, 2011).
 Table 1.3 Frequency Distribution of Respondent’s Educational Attainment

Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

High School Level 20 64.52

Elementary Level 8 25.81

Vocational 3 9.68

Total 31 100

Table 1.3 shows the educational attainment of thirty (30) pregnant teenagers in selected

barangays of Tubod, Lanao del Norte. There were twenty (20) of the respondents (64.52%) who

attained High school level, eight (8) of them (25.81%) are in Elementary level and three (3) of

them (9.68%) attained vocational degree . This shows that most of them attained High School

level only.

Majority of the respondents has high school educational attainment which may mean that

most of the teenage mothers have stopped schooling. Dilworth (2000) noted teenage mothers

have lower levels of education. It provides the researchers an impression that the school did not

provide the knowledge teenagers’ need to fully understand the consequences associated with

sexual behavior and teenage pregnancy resulting to teenage mother’s drop-out from school. .

II. Level of Social Support from determined sources

The table below discloses the availability of social support from the identified

sources of social support.

 Table 2.1 Level of Social Support from determined sources

Sources of Social Support AWM Interpretation

Family 3.613 Often

Husband/Partner 2.613 Sometimes

Friends and Peers 1.839 Seldom

Local Healthcare Professionals (Doctor, Nurse, 3.516 Often

Midwife)

Schools 1.419 Never

TOTAL AWM 2.600 Sometimes

Tables 2.1 identified the 5 sources of social support and determine the significance of

each source according to the results. The Table shows that Family and Health care professionals

scores often in the terms of giving social support. The family support is the most important

element in adolescents life and they expect a lot of things from their parents ( Clark, C. 2005). In

addition, the Health care professionals almost the same with family as a good source of

information related to pregnancy. The husband and partners may undergo some changes himself

but still fall on the category of sometimes in providing social support. Friends and peers may

have limited knowledge or no experience on pregnancy and childbirth as same age group with

the teenage pregnant thus reflects to seldom in giving social support. The least source will be the

school contributes to minimal health education and social support.

III. Level of Emotional and Informational Support from sources of Social Support

Table 3.1 discloses the level of Emotional Support from Family

A. Emotional Support AWM QI

1. Expresses concern and willingness to help on my 3.419 Often

problems regarding my pregnancy.
2. Understands the changes of my thinking and 3.452 Often
behavior such as feelings of vulnerability and
dependency.
3. Listen to my worries and fears and help me cope 3.290 Sometimes
with the stressful events during my pregnancy.
4. Shows respect and care regardless of my health 3.710 Often
status.
5. Encourages me to exhibit positive health 3.355 Often
behaviors for my pregnancy.
TOTAL AWM 3.445 Often

Table 3.1 the emotional support given by the Family gives satisfactory result with 4 out

of 5 key indicators reflecting that support was given by the family often. This could be because

the family is the primary source of support for teenagers (Secor-Turner, 2008). They also have

the highest total average of 3.445 categorized as often compared to the total average of the other

sources in giving emotional support. The downside reflects on the 3rd statement which talks

about listening to worries and fears and helping them cope which falls on the category of

sometime. Given that the result vary on the listening aspect, the researcher points out the

importance of listening as a way of helping the teenage cope with the stress related to pregnancy.
 Table 3.2 discloses the Level of Informational Support from Family

B. Informational Support AWM QI

1. Give me information about pregnancy (e.g. importance of 3.258 Sometimes

prenatal check-ups), childbirth (e.g. importance of facility-
based delivery) and childcare that is clearer and easier to
understand.

2. Give information about health issues and problems (e.g. 2.645 Sometimes
anemia, premature baby, low birth weight baby, mortality)
that I may encounter during my pregnancy.

3. Give answers to my questions related to my pregnancy 2.935 Sometimes

honestly and fairly.

4. Share their healthcare belief, practices and personal 3.484 Often

experiences on childbearing and child care.

5. Assess my knowledge and able to correct my misconception 2.613 Sometimes

on Reproductive Health.
TOTAL AWM 2.987 Sometimes

Table 3.2 the informational support given by the families falls on a category of

sometimes. Only 1 out of 5 of the key indicators on information support has scored often which

is sharing their healthcare belief, practices and personal experiences on childbearing and child

care. The family is thought to have a wide range of experience in pregnancy and childbirth thus it

is inevitable that parents and families of teenage mothers share their experiences. In the aspect of

belief and practices, it is substantial to assess the given information and evaluate if the belief

may help or harm the pregnant teenager.

 Table 3.3 discloses the Level of Emotional Support from Husband/Partner

A. Emotional Support AWM QI

1. Expresses concern and willingness to help on my 2.516 Seldom

problems regarding my pregnancy.

2. Understands the changes of my thinking and behavior 2.710 Sometimes

such as feelings of vulnerability and dependency.

3. Listen to my worries and fears and help me cope with 2.516 Seldom
the stressful events during my pregnancy.

4. Shows respect and care regardless of my health status. 2.839 Sometimes

5. Encourages me to exhibit positive health behaviors for 2.484 Seldom

my pregnancy.

TOTAL AWM 2.613 Sometimes

Table 3.3 the level of emotional support from a Husband/Partner scored a total of 2.613

which is categorized as sometimes gives emotional support. The results vary on the emotional

support given by the husband/partner although the average is sometimes while most of the key

indicators for emotional support fall on seldom category. The researchers acknowledge that the

husband/partner have undergone life changes as well brought about by adolescence and that it

may hinder his ability to provide emotional support to the teenage mother. Adolescence involves

exploration and experimentation with a variety of roles, such as student, peer group member and

in turn may be incompatible with the parental or partner role (Parke & Neville, 1987).
 Table 3.4 discloses the level of Informational Support from Husband/Partner

B. Informational Support AWM QI

1. Give me information about pregnancy (e.g. importance 2.355 Seldom
of prenatal check-ups), childbirth (e.g. importance of
facility-based delivery) and childcare that is clearer and
easier to understand.
2. Give information about health issues and problems (e.g. 1.968 Seldom
anemia, premature baby, low birth weight baby,
mortality) that I may encounter during my pregnancy.
3. Give answers to my questions related to my pregnancy 2.194 Seldom
honestly and fairly.
4. Share their healthcare belief, practices and personal 2.129 Seldom
experiences on childbearing and child care.
5. Assess my knowledge and able to correct my 1.871 Seldom
misconception on Reproductive Health.
TOTAL AWM 2.103 Seldom

Table 3.4 the Husband/partners informational support results as seldom due to

insufficient knowledge about pregnancy. However, some active teen fathers express willingness

to participate in giving social support. In the aspect of information they will find difficult if they

have limited knowledge about the situation.

Table 3.5 discloses the Level of Emotional Support from Friends

A. Emotional Support AWM QI

1. Expresses concern and willingness to help on my problems 1.871 Seldom

regarding my pregnancy.
2. Understands the changes of my thinking and behavior such 1.645 Never
as feelings of vulnerability and dependency.
3. Listen to my worries and fears and help me cope with the 2.000 Seldom
stressful events during my pregnancy.
4. Shows respect and care regardless of my health status. 2.065 Seldom

5. Encourages me to exhibit positive health behaviors for my 1.677 Never

pregnancy.
TOTAL AWM 1.852 Seldom
 Table 3.5 the emotional support offered by the Friends and peers varying from seldom to

never. The researchers associate this low level of social support from friends/peers to the depth

of knowledge and experience their friends/peers have regarding pregnancy and childbirth. The

limited experiences of their friends can at times be a barrier of support since relating to others

experiences would be difficult without prior experience. According to Teen Pregnancy Statistics

(2009), a pregnant teen may feel left out by er friends or may not know how to talk to her parents

and friends.

Table 3.6 discloses the Level of Informational Support from Friends/Peers

B. Informational Support AWM QI

1. Give me information about pregnancy (e.g. importance of 1.774 Never

prenatal check-ups), childbirth (e.g. importance of
facility-based delivery) and childcare that is clearer and
easier to understand.

2. Give information about health issues and problems (e.g. 1.710 Never
anemia, premature baby, low birth weight baby,
mortality) that I may encounter during my pregnancy.

3. Give answers to my questions related to my pregnancy 1.645 Never

honestly and fairly.

4. Share their healthcare belief, practices and personal 1.806 Seldom

experiences on childbearing and child care.

5. Assess my knowledge and able to correct my 1.548 Never

misconception on Reproductive Health.

TOTAL AWM 1.697 Never

 Table 3.6 shows that of all the key indicators of informational support given by

friends/peers, the sharing of healthcare beliefs and personal experiences on childbearing by

friends/peers are seldom practiced while the rest of the key indicators (knowledge assessment on

pregnancy, nature and complications) are categorized as never. Adolescents knowledge on

healthcare practices related to pregnancy can be attributed to their second-hand experiences and

observations thus making their knowledge limited and uncorrected. On the other hand, the

teenage mother with the support of their families could have resorted to seeking advices from the

latter instead of their friends/peers.

Table 3.7 discloses the Level of Emotional Support from Local Healthcare Professionals

A. Emotional Support AWM QI

1. Expresses concern and willingness to help on my 3.387 Sometimes

problems regarding my pregnancy.
2. Understands the changes of my thinking and behavior 3.129 Sometimes
such as feelings of vulnerability and dependency.
3. Listen to my worries and fears and help me cope with 3.161 Sometimes
the stressful events during my pregnancy.
4. Shows respect and care regardless of my health status. 3.387 Sometimes

5. Encourages me to exhibit positive health behaviors for 3.419 Often

my pregnancy.
TOTAL AWM 3.296 Sometimes

Table 3.8 displays the level of emotional support given by local healthcare professionals

(HCP) to pregnant teenagers. The overall emotional support with AWM of 3.296 (sometimes)

put the Healthcare professionals on the top next to Family. The statement on encouragement to

exhibit positive behavior during pregnancy is one of the key indicators that categorized as often.
This will reflect on the interaction between the healthcare care professional and the teenage

pregnant during prenatal sessions.

Table 3.8 discloses the Level of Informational Support from Local Healthcare Professionals

B. Informational Support AWM QI

1. Give me information about pregnancy (e.g. importance of 3.839 Often

prenatal check-ups), childbirth (e.g. importance of facility-
based delivery) and childcare that is clearer and easier to
understand.
2. Give information about health issues and problems (e.g. 3.645 Often
anemia, premature baby, low birth weight baby, mortality)
that I may encounter during my pregnancy.

3. Give answers to my questions related to my pregnancy 3.548 Often

honestly and fairly.
4. Share their healthcare belief, practices and personal 3.677 Often
experiences on childbearing and child care.
5. Assess my knowledge and able to correct my misconception 3.613 Often
on Reproductive Health.
TOTAL AWM 3.664 Often

Table 3.8 shows that the levels of informational support given by the HCP categorize as often

and main source of information. It also set a highest AWM of 3.839 in all statements provided.

As a HCP we were expected to be the main source of information in our community and because

of that we have to make sure that we are equipped with vital information and able to share that

knowledge. It is important that every HCP in the community helps in giving information and

promote awareness of the health risk involving teenage pregnancy.

 Table 3.9 discloses the Level of Emotional Support from School

A. Emotional Support AWM QI

1. Expresses concern and willingness to help on my 1.226 Never

problems regarding my pregnancy.
2. Understands the changes of my thinking and behavior 1.129 Never
such as feelings of vulnerability and dependency.
3. Listen to my worries and fears and help me cope with 1.129 Never
the stressful events during my pregnancy.
4. Shows respect and care regardless of my health status. 1.194 Never

5. Encourages me to exhibit positive health behaviors for 1.065 Never

my pregnancy.
TOTAL AWM 1.149 Never

Table 4.0 The schools emotional support results shows that there is no established program for
teenage pregnancy. It is by far the least sources of emotional support from the 5 sources
identified by the researcher. However, the presence of guidance counseling can change the
outcome of the School.

Table 3.10 discloses the Level of Informational Support from Schools

B. Informational Support AWM QI

1. Give me information about pregnancy (e.g. importance of 1.097 Never

prenatal check-ups), childbirth (e.g. importance of
facility-based delivery) and childcare that is clearer and
easier to understand.
2. Give information about health issues and problems (e.g. 1.129 Never
anemia, premature baby, low birth weight baby,
mortality) that I may encounter during my pregnancy.
3. Give answers to my questions related to my pregnancy 1.097 Never
honestly and fairly.
4. Share their healthcare belief, practices and personal 1.129 Never
experiences on childbearing and child care.
5. Assess my knowledge and able to correct my 1.097 Never
misconception on Reproductive Health.
TOTAL AWM 1.110 Never
Table 4.1 shows that the informational support is the least of the sources that provide
information to the pregnant teenagers with a total AWM 1.110. The school has to be the next
source of information regarding reproductive health; however, it gives a disappointed result.
Sex education is one of the sources of information that needs to be develop especially in high
school. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) states that latest report on the
implementation of the RH law, the education department has not yet developed the
minimum standards of comprehensive sexuality education that schools should comply with
as cited by Geronimo, J. (2016).