GPRS:

How it works

An O2 White Paper
Contents

Page No. Chapter No.

3 1. Executive summary
4-5 2. GPRS network infrastructure
6-10 3. GPRS Operation
6 3.1. Subscription
7 3.2. GPRS Attach
8 3.3. PDP Context Activation
9 3.4. GPRS Context Deactivation and Detach
10 3.5. What happens to an incoming voice call during a GPRS data session?
11 4. The importance of the access point name
12-18 5. Connecting to the corporate LAN via GPRS
12 5.1. Overview
14 5.2. DataLink
15 5.3. Resilient DataLink
16 5.4. O2 Mobile Web service
18 5.5. O2 Mobile Web VPN service
19 6. How secure is GPRS?
20-22 7. Throughput performance of the GPRS Bearer
20 7.1. Capabilities of the O2 GPRS network
21 7.2. Multislot class of GPRS devices
22 7.3. GPRS coding schemes
23 8. Glossary of terms
1. Executive summary

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an

enhancement to the existing GSM network infrastructure
and provides a connectionless packet data service.
The same cellular base-stations that support voice calls
are used to support GPRS and as a consequence GPRS
can be used wherever it is possible to make a voice call.
GPRS roaming agreements exist with a large number of
countries and this means users can use GPRS devices
whilst abroad.

GPRS is based on internet Protocols (IP) and enables

users to utilise a wide range of applications – email
and internet and/or intranet resources for instance.
With throughput rates of up to 40 Kbit/s, users have a
similar access speed to a dial-up modem, but with the
convenience of being able to connect from anywhere.

GPRS is classed as being a packet switched network

whereby radio resources are used only when users
are actually sending or receiving data. Rather than
dedicating a radio channel to a mobile data user for a
fixed period of time, the available radio resource can be
concurrently shared between several users. This efficient
use of scarce radio resources means that large numbers
of GPRS users can potentially share the same bandwidth
and be served from a single cell. The actual number of
users supported depends on the applications being used
and how much data is being transferred.

The term “always on always connected” is often used

when people are describing GPRS and means once users
have logged on they can remain connected to the data
network for the working day. It should be noted that
unlike GSM circuit switched data working, where the
cost of the data call is related to the time spent
connected to the network, this is not an issue when
using GPRS as the cost of a GPRS data session is
dependant on the amount of data sent and received not
the time spent connected to the network.

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2. GPRS network infrastructure

GPRS introduces a number of new functional elements internet and Corporate Intranets. Each external network
that support the end to end transport of IP based packet is given a unique Access Point Name (APN) which is used
data. GPRS was developed by the GSM standards bodies, by the mobile user to establish the connection to the
resulting in a system with defined functionality, required destination network.
interfaces and inter-network operation for roaming
support. The GPRS network architecture is shown in The GSM Base Station Subsystem (BSS) is adapted to
Figure 1. support the GPRS connectionless packet mode of
operation. A new functional node called the Packet
Two major new core network elements are introduced: Control Unit (PCU) is introduced (as part of the BSC)
the Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and the Gateway to control and manage the allocation of GPRS radio
GPRS Support node (GGSN). The SGSN monitors the resources to mobile users.
state of the mobile station and tracks its movements
within a given geographical area. It is also responsible In the context of this paper the term mobile station or
for establishing and managing the data connections MS refers to GPRS devices – could be handsets, PC data
between the mobile user and the destination network. cards, handheld devices (such as O2’s XDA devices)
or any other device that incorporates a GPRS radio
The GGSN provides the point of attachment between the capability.
GPRS domain and external data networks such as the

Figure 1:
GPRS Network Architecture.

4
The architecture diagram shown in Figure 1 shows a
number of standardised network interfaces:

• Gb – frame relay connection between the SGSN and

the PCU within the BSS. This transports both user
data and signalling messages to/from the SGSN.
• Gn – the GPRS backbone network, implemented
using IP LAN/WAN technology. Used to provide
virtual connections between the SGSN and GGSN.
• Gi – the point of connection between GPRS and the
external networks, each referenced by the Access
Point Name. This will normally be implemented
using IP WAN technology.
• Gr – interface between the HLR and SGSN that
allows access to customer subscription information.
• Gs – optional interface that allows closer co-ordination
between the GSM and GPRS networks.
• Gc – optional interface that allows the GGSN access
to customer location information.

A number of other elements are also introduced (not

shown on Figure 1):

• CG – the Charging Gateway provides the means

to collect and co-ordinate the billing information
produced by the SGSN and GGSN before processing
by the billing system.
• DNS – the IP Domain Name Service is required
to enable users to establish a data session with
the destination network. It provides the mapping
between APNs and GGSN IP addresses.

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3. GPRS Operation

3.1. Subscription
The HLR is the repository for all network related
subscription information. The functionality of the HLR has
been enhanced to include GPRS details. Each user must
have at least one GPRS subscription record containing
information such as a list of networks (identified using
the APN) to which access is allowed and the subscribed
Quality of Service (QoS). Further optional information may
be stored such as the users’ static IP address.

A user may have a subscription for both GSM and

GPRS services.

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3.2. GPRS Attach
The MS must in the first instance, be known to the
network. This is achieved using the GPRS attach procedure.
The attach procedure can be summarised as follows:

• The Mobile Station (e.g. GPRS device) first makes a

request for enough radio resources to enable the
transport of the Attach Request signalling message.
Upon assignment of the appropriate radio
channel,the Attach Request message is sent.

This contains information about the user’s identity, MS

capabilities and current location.

• The SGSN constructs an Update Location message

that is sent to the appropriate HLR.
• The HLR completes the location updating process
and provides the user’s GPRS subscription record to
the SGSN.
• The SGSN signals to the MS that the procedure is
complete.

Upon completion of the Attach procedure, the network

is capable of tracking the MS (via subsequent location
updates) and is aware of the services and networks that
the user may have access to. At this point the user is not
able to send or receive data.

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3.3. PDP Context Activation
In order to enable user data transfer, a Packet Data Protocol 3. The DNS server uses the APN information to
(PDP) Context must be activated in the MS, SGSN and determine the IP address of a GGSN that will provide
GGSN. This procedure is initiated by the user and is the required connectivity to the external network.
analogous to ‘logging on’ to the required destination The GGSN IP address is returned to the SGSN.
network. The process is illustrated in Figure 2.
4. The SGSN uses the GGSN IP address to request a
1. The user will initiate the ‘logging on’ process using an connection (tunnel) to the GGSN.
application on the PC or MS.
5. The GGSN upon receipt of this request completes the
• This signalling message includes key information establishment of the tunnel and returns an IP address
such as the APN of the external network to which to be conveyed to the MS. The GGSN associates the
connectivity is requested, the user’s identity and tunnel with the required external network connection.
any necessary IP configuration parameters
6. The SGSN sends an Activate PDP context response
(e.g. for security purposes).
message to the MS (including IP address) – packet
• The SGSN receives the Activate PDP context message
exchange can now commence.
and check the user’s subscription record to
determine if the request is valid.
Upon completion of this procedure, a virtual connection is
established between the MS and the GGSN. The GGSN also
2. If the request is valid, the SGSN sends a query
has an association between the tunnel and the physical
containing the requested APN to the DNS server.
interface to the external network. Data transfer may now
take place between the MS and the external network.

Figure 2:
PDP Context Activation Process.

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3.4. GPRS Context Deactivation and Detach
GPRS provides two additional, independent, procedures
that enable a PDP context to be deactivated and the
MS to disassociate itself from the network (i.e. detach).
An implicit context deactivation takes place if the MS
invokes the detach procedure. GPRS detach may be
performed when:

• The MS is powered off.

• The MS is detached from the network if it stays out
of coverage for a period that exceeds the mobile
reachable timer (e.g. 3 hours in O2’s network).
• User wishes to detach from the GPRS network, but
wants to remain attached to the GSM network for
circuit switched voice.

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3.5. What happens to an incoming voice call during a GPRS data session?
The vast majority of GPRS devices (e.g. mobile handset, The diagram shown in Figure 3 illustrates the process. In
laptop datacard, O2 XDAII etc.) are categorised as being this example the Call Line Identity (CLI) of the caller has
Class B mobile devices. Class B devices can be attached been recognised by the handset of the GPRS user, and
to both the GPRS and GSM networks, but they cannot therefore the caller’s name appears in the display. If the
transmit or receive on both simultaneously. user accepts the call the GPRS data session is suspended
until the user ends the call.
If a mobile is in an active GPRS data session when an
incoming voice call is detected, the user will normally be If the detach procedure is invoked, any active context
notified by an on-screen message, and will then have the will be automatically deactivated.
option to suspend the data session and accept the call,
or continue with the data session and reject the call.

Peter
GPRS GPRS
Session
C Session
Answer

Incoming Call Call Rejected

PDP Context Active
OK

Peter GPRS data session

Placed on hold
End

OK User ends call

0 GPRS
GPRS
C Pause OK Session
12:42 Resume

User Chooses to end GPRS Data Session

Idle Display GPRS data session resumes where it left off

Figure 3:
Voice Call is Received whilst a GPRS Data Call
is in Progress.

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4. The importance of the
access point name

Each data network connected to O2’s GPRS network is • Each label must start with an alphabetical character,
an ‘access point’, identified by a unique Access Point but not with the strings “rac”, “lac” or “sgsn”.
Name (APN). The access point may be classed as either • Each label must end with an alphabetical character
private or public. This determines whether O2 carries out or a digit.
a preliminary validation of the GPRS user’s subscription • The APN cannot end with the label “.gprs”.
record before forwarding their access request to that • O2 recommend that APNs should not exceed 22
data network. characters. The customer must ensure that any
mobile devices they may use are capable of
• Private access points provide companies with ‘closed accepting the length of their APN.
user group’ facilities. Any request for connection to • Where multiple APNs are used, each must be unique
a private access point will be validated by checking and comply with the above rules.
the GPRS user’s subscription record includes the
Access Point Name (APN) requested. If the user’s
subscription record does not hold the APN, the
request will be immediately rejected by O2, and not
forwarded to the external data network. Companies
still retain responsibility for the security of their
network and authentication of GPRS users by means
of user names, passwords, etc.
• Public access points: O2 does not validate the
subscription records of the GPRS user requesting
access to a public access point, and may therefore
forward requests for access from GPRS users
unknown to the customer. The customer is
responsible for the security of their network and
authentication of GPRS users if required.
• The APN must be in the form of a registered
internet domain name (e.g. anycompany.co.uk or
anycompany.com). In many instances organisations
will already have a registered Internet domain name,
which is used as the basis for that customer’s APN.
An APN may be formed by adding a prefix to the
registered domain name (e.g.
gprs.anycompany.com).
• The APN consists of one or more labels, each
separated by a dot. Labels should consist only of
alphabetic characters (A-Z and a-z), digits (0-9) and
the dash (-). The case of alphabetic characters is not
significant.

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5. Connecting to the corporate
LAN via GPRS

5.1. Overview
Currently, O2’s GPRS/3G portfolio consists of three O2’s Bearer Service offers business customers a high
service offerings: quality private mobile data connection to their own
private domain.
• O2 Bearer Service: O2 provides private circuit(s) to
connect the customer network to O2’s network. O2’s Bearer Service can be used to support both GPRS
The customer can select between 2 Bearer Service and 3G data traffic (e.g. the same infrastructure supports
products: both 3G and GPRS users).
a. DataLink – consists of a single leased line
and a router installed on the Customer Premises. The key aspects of O2’s Bearer Service are as follows:
b. Resilient DataLink – resilience is provided via
the use of two leased lines and two routers. • Each connection is defined by a unique, private
• O2 Mobile Web service: full internet access Access Point Name (APN).
is provided. • Connectivity is provided via a physical leased line that
• O2 Mobile Web VPN service: this service was connects the O2 network with the customer’s LAN.
specifically introduced to allow customers to access • Customers can define which Subscriber Identification
their LAN environment via VPN technology. Module (SIM) cards are able to access their APN.
• The service does not provide any direct access
to the Internet.
• All private Bearer Services connect to resilient GPRS
Gateway Support Nodes (GGSN’s) in the O2 network.

The installation of this service offers customers the

opportunity to design the mobile data connectivity
service of their choice. Almost every aspect of the service
can be configured to the customer’s requirements as
this is a private service that connects customers to the
O2 GPRS and 3G networks directly, using physical
leased line infrastructure.

Customer configuration choices include:

• APN name (normally the same as their Internet

registered Domain Name).
• Private (restricted) or Public (open) APN access.
• O2 or customer hosted RADIUS authentication.
• Dynamic or static mobile device IP allocation.
• Private or Public IP Addresses for the mobile devices.

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This service is designed for customers that require a
private connection to their company LAN, which will
offer them the highest quality of service and most
consistent data communications performance.

O2’s Bearer Service is delivered and managed end-to-end

by O2 to ensure the smoothest service delivery and
shortest problem resolution timescales. O2 proactively
monitor the status of the service and produce detailed
usage reports to ensure suitable service levels are
maintained at all times.

The leased line infrastructure offers the highest level of

availability via two basic types of physical connection:
DataLink (refer to section 5.2) and Resilient DataLink
(refer to section 5.3).

Customers wishing to order O2 Bearer Services should

discuss their options with their O2 Account Manager in
the first instance. A detailed, “Application For Service”,
form is used to capture customer requirements and
service can be provided in 43 working days after this
form has been processed.

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5.2. DataLink
Standard connectivity for Bearer Service customers is
delivered via a single leased line (128 Kbit/s, 256 Kbit/s,
512 Kbit/s and 2 Mbit/s bandwidths are available),
terminating on a single router that is installed, at the
customer’s premises. Once installed, the router presents
a single Ethernet or Token Ring connection to the
customers LAN.

Radius DHCP
Server Server
GRE Tunnel

O2 Data Network

Leased Line
Firewall Corporate
Network

Remote User

Each DataLink can support multiple APNs, each with its Figure 4:
own Bearer Service definition. This is useful where At a top level, a typical GPRS/3G Bearer Service
customers wish to provide separacy of service to connection.
different internal departments, external customers or
application user bases.

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5.3. Resilient DataLink
For those customers requiring the very highest levels of
availability, O2 offers a Resilient DataLink leased line
option to Bearer Service customers. Two links and
routers are provided as part of this solution.

The two links and routers can be terminated at the same

site. However, it is strongly recommended that they are
deployed in different computer rooms which are served
by different exchanges and duct routes.

LAN connectivity is required between the two O2 routers

and Hot Standby Routing Protocol (HSRP) provides resilience
against router failure by allowing two or more routers to
share the same virtual IP address (and MAC address) on
the same Ethernet LAN segment.

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5.4. O2 Mobile Web service
O2’s Mobile Web service is designed to enable O2’s Internet addresses and enables organisations to
customers to access Internet content via the GPRS and minimise the number of Internet IP addresses they
3G bearers (refer to Figure 5). require (e.g. by using PAT companies can connect
thousands of systems/users to the Internet via a few
The key aspects of the service are as follows: public IP addresses). The use of PAT has implications
as although PAT provides many benefits, some
• This is a public service and can be used by any O2 applications, including IPSec VPNs, can experience
post-pay customer. issues when PAT is being used.
• The APN associated with the service is • Devices are issued a dynamic, private unregistered IP
“mobile.o2.co.uk” address, which is not directly visible from the
• Users are allocated a dynamic, private unregistered Internet. This means that user’s devices are hidden
IP address. However, it should be noted that users from hackers and other undesirables and affords
of O2’s Mobile Web service will be allocated a public users some protection when accessing the Internet.
IP address, via an O2 Internet facing firewall, when • By default Mobile Web users enjoy an optimised
they access Internet resources. The public IP addresses experience when accessing Internet content at no
will be allocated in the range 193.113.235.161 to extra cost. This network hosted optimisation can
193.113.235.190. speed up the delivery of Web pages by optimising
• Users can surf the Internet, access FTP servers, graphic images and compressing text content. It can
access email and generally utilise Internet resources. however degrade the image quality in Web pages
• The service incorporates an optimisation capability and interfere with some other Internet applications.
which improves the performance of Internet If this is experienced, the optimisation platform can
applications. be bypassed by changing the user name in the Mobile
Web settings of the handset/device, as follows:
This service is similar to broadband services offered by
many Internet Service Providers to residential and business – Default settings – includes optimisation:
customers but does have some important differences: • User name: faster
• Password: password
• The throughput performance available to users is – No optimisation required:
not fixed and will depend on a number of factors • User name: bypass
including the GPRS/3G device being used, how • Password: password
many other people are using 3G/GPRS in the same
area and the capabilities of the O2 network in a The Mobile Web APN is associated with all new O2 post
given geographic location – refer to section 7 for pay SIM cards. If customers do not wish this APN to be
further information. available to users they should specify this requirement
• The O2 Mobile Web service uses private IP addressing prior to SIMs being provisioned.
and Port Address Translation (PAT) when users
access Internet resources. PAT was defined by the O2 plan to introduce an anti-spam filtering capability in
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as a way to the near future.
convert private IP addresses to public routable

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 GRE Tunnel
O2 Data Network O2 Mobile Web Service

Leased Line

Firewall

Radius Server
(allocates Private IP Addresses)
Remote User
Internet

Figure 5:
Top Level Overview of O2’s Mobile Web Service.

17
5.5. O2 Mobile Web VPN service
O2’s Mobile Web VPN service was specifically developed – Once the VPN session is in place users will be
to allow customers to use their VPN solutions with GPRS able to browse the Intranet/Internet and
and 3G – assuming the customers VPN solution can be access other corporate resources – assuming
utilised via people connected to the Internet (refer to the corporate security policy allows such
Figure 6). transactions to take place.
– Split tunnelling will not work as users are not
The key aspects of the service are as follows:
able to access Internet resources directly.

• This is a public service and can be used by any O2

The O2 Mobile Web VPN service does not include any
post-pay customer.
optimisation capability, and end user devices are
• The APN associated with the service is “vpn.o2.co.uk”
allocated publicly registered IP addresses. The service
• Users are allocated a dynamic, public registered IP
offers businesses the ability to provide secure LAN
address that is drawn from the following ranges:
access to their users via the Internet and control their
– 82.132.160.1 to 82.132.163.254.
– 82.132.168.1 to 82.132.171.254. usage through the application of their internal IT policy.

• Users cannot directly “surf” the Internet, access FTP Access to Mobile Web VPN can be requested via O2
servers, access email or utilise Internet resources: Customer Services and is usually provisioned within
– At the request of customers the service was 24 hours.
set-up so only VPN protocols can be used when
users first establish their GPRS or 3G connection
e.g. the firewall associated with the service will
block all other traffic.

GRE Tunnel
O2 Data O2 Mobile Web VPN Service
Network Leased Line

Firewall
Radius Server
(allocates Public
IP Addresses)

Remote User VPN Server Internet

VPN Tunnel

Corporate Network

Figure 6:
A VPN Tunnel Established between a Remote User
and the Corporate LAN.

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6. How secure is GPRS?

6. How secure is GPRS ?

A separate paper titled, “GPRS/3G Services: Security”,
written by O2 and Information Risk Management (IRM)
considers security in detail.

IRM2 were selected by O2 to assess, over a period of

several months, all the potential attack vectors associated
with the GPRS and 3G infrastructure and developed
scenarios whereby attacks could be mounted.

During the project IRM developed new tools and

techniques in order to test for vulnerabilities in protocols
and products for which there are no publicly available
testing methodologies.

All areas of the infrastructure were evaluated, from the

mobile user, through the air interface, core network,
to the customer’s corporate network. At each stage
scenario-based attacks were mounted with the intention
of gaining unauthorised access to any of the
infrastructure components.

Throughout the entire investigation none of the

discoveries by IRM were classified as ‘high risk’ and all
findings were swiftly addressed and mitigated by O2. The
GPRS and 3G services provided by O2 were considered
to be extremely well configured and managed.

2
IRM were selected by O2 because they were in a unique position to provide expertise not only in IP based networks, but also in cellular networks. IRM are acknowledged as industry leaders in the
vulnerability and penetration testing space.

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7. Throughput performance of
the GPRS Bearer

7.1. Capabilities of the O2 GPRS network

GPRS is classed as being a packet switched network O2 (UK) has deployed many thousands of cellular base
whereby radio resources are used only when users are stations around the UK. Base stations serve a particular
actually sending or receiving data. Rather than dedicating geographic location and have a number of timeslots
a radio channel to a mobile data user for a fixed period available that can be used to support voice or GPRS data
of time, the available radio resource can be concurrently calls. The timeslots on the base-station are configured
shared between several users. This efficient use of scarce as follows:
radio resources means that large numbers of GPRS users
can potentially share the same bandwidth and be served • At least one timeslot is dedicated for use by
from a single cell. The actual number of users supported GPRS devices.
depends on the applications being used and how much • Timeslots that are not dedicated to GPRS are classed
data is being transferred. as being switchable.
• Switchable timeslots can be used to support voice
The throughput performance is the rate at which IP or GPRS data calls. However, voice calls will take
packets are transferred and is dependent on a number precedence.
of factors including the following:
It should be noted that O2’s radio planners are constantly
• The capabilities of the O2 GPRS network in a given reviewing O2’s network to ensure that sufficient radio
geographic location. resources are available (e.g. timeslots) for both voice and
• How many other people are using GPRS in the same GPRS data calls in a given location.
area and what applications they are utilising.
• The GPRS device being used.
• The coding scheme being used.

As a ‘rule of thumb’, in the majority of O2’s network, the

data rate available to applications will be approximately 8
to 10 Kbit/s per timeslot. This assumes coding scheme 2 is
being used, refer to section 7.3, and that the O2 network
is able to provide the maximum radio resources supported
by the GPRS device.

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7.2. Multislot class of GPRS devices
GPRS devices have a multislot class which defines the The GPRS network will always try to provide the
maximum achievable data rates that can be supported maximum number of timeslots the device can support
by the device in both the uplink (e.g. out of the device) regardless of how much data is to be transferred.
and downlink (e.g. into the device) directions.
Table 1 details the number of downlink and uplink slots
Often equipment manufacturers will indicate the associated with the most common multislot classes. The
capabilities of their devices in the form of two numbers, active slots parameter details the total number of slots
3+1 or 2+2 for instance. The first number indicates the the GPRS device can use simultaneously for both uplink
amount of downlink timeslots that the mobile device and downlink communications.
can support for data transfer and the second number
indicates the amount of uplink timeslots the device can
utilise to transmit data.

Multislot class Downlink slots Uplink slots Active slots

1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 2 2 3
4 3 1 4
5 2 2 4
6 3 2 4
7 3 3 4
8 4 1 5
9 3 2 5
10 4 2 5
11 4 3 5
12 4 4 5

Table 1:
Attributes of a number of different GPRS
multislot classes.

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7.3. GPRS coding schemes
Four coding schemes are defined for GPRS – although • The figures presented include some overhead (e.g.
only Coding Scheme 1 (CS-1) and Coding Scheme 2 the actual data rate available to applications will be
(CS-2) are currently widely supported. Table 2 details less than shown in the Table 2).
the data rates achievable for a given number of • The higher coding schemes offer the potential of
timeslots. However, the following should be noted: increased data rates. However, these rates are at the
expense of some degree of data robustness, making
these schemes more susceptible to interference and
poor signal strength.
• The cell radius for the higher coding schemes (CS3
and CS4) is smaller than that for CS1 and CS2
thereby reducing the effective area of coverage.
• As detailed in the previous section the multislot class
of the GPRS device will define how many timeslots
can be used by a device.

Coding Scheme Data Rates (Kbit/s)

Timeslots CS-1 CS-2 CS-3 CS-4

1 9.05 13.4 15.6 21.4
2 18.1 26.8 31.2 42.8
3 27.15 40.2 46.8 64.2
4 36.2 53.6 62.4 85.6

Table 2:
GPRS Coding Scheme Data Rates.

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Glossary of Terms

8. Glossary of terms
LAN Local Area Network
APN Access Point Name
MS Mobile Station
BSC Base Station Controller
MSC Mobile Switching Centre
BSS Base Station System
NAT Network Address Translation
CG Charging Gateway
PAT Port Address Translation
CLI Call Line Identifier
PCU Packet Control Unit
CS Coding Scheme
PDP Packet Data Protocol
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
DNS Domain Name Service
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
FTP File Transfer Protocol
QoS Quality of Service
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
URL Uniform Resource Locator
HLR Home Location Register
VLR Visitor Location Register
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
VPN Virtual Private Network
IP Internet Protocol
WAN Wide Area Network
ISDN Integrated Service Digital Network

All Rights Reserved. No part of this document may be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any electronic or machine readable form without the prior permission of O2 Limited.

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