Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957: Reliminary Ections

MINES AND MINERALS (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1957
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ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
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CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
SECTIONS
1. Short title, extent and commencement.
2. Declaration as to expediency of Union Control.
3. Definitions.
CHAPTER II
GENERAL RESTRICTIONS ON UNDERTAKING PROSPECTING AND MINING OPERATIONS
4. Prospecting or mining operations to be under licence or lease.
4A. Termination of prospecting licences or mining leases.
5. Restrictions on the grant of prospecting licences or mining leases.
6. Maximum area for which a prospecting licence or mining lease may be granted.
7. Periods for which prospecting licences may be granted or renewed.
8. Periods for which mining leases may be granted or renewed.
8A. Period of grant of a mining lease for minerals other than coal, lignite and atomic minerals.
9. Royalties in respect of mining leases.
9A. Dead rent to be paid by the lessee.
9B. District Mineral Foundation.
9C. National Mineral Exploration Trust.
CHAPTER III
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING, PROSPECTING LICENCES OR MINING LEASES IN RESPECT
OF LAND IN WHICH THE MINERALS VEST IN THE GOVERNMENT
10. Application for prospecting licences or mining leases.

10A. Rights of existing concession holders and applicants.
10B. Grant of mining lease in respect of notified minerals through auction.
10C. Grant of non-exclusive reconnaissance permits.
11. Grant of prospecting licence-cum-mining lease through auction in respect of minerals other than
notified minerals.
11A.Procedure in respect of coal or lignite.
11B. Power of Central Government to make rules for regulating atomic minerals specified under
Part B of First Schedule.
11C. Power of Central Government to amend First Schedule and Fourth Schedule.
12. Registers of prospecting licences and mining leases.
12A. Transfer of mineral concessions.
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CHAPTER IV
RULES FOR REGULATING THE GRANT OF PROSPECTING LICENCES AND MINING LEASES
SECTIONS
13. Power of Central Government to make rules in respect of minerals.
13A. Power of Central Government to make rules for grant of prospecting licences or mining leases
in respect of territorial waters or continental shelf of India.
14. [Sections 5 to 13] not to apply to minor minerals.
15. Power of State Governments to make rules in respect of minor minerals.
15A. Power of State Government to collect funds for District Mineral Foundation in case of minor
minerals.
16. Power to modify mining leases granted before 25th October, 1949.
CHAPTER V
SPECIAL POWERS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO UNDERTAKE PROSPECTING OR
MINING OPERATIONS IN CERTAIN CASES
17. Special powers of Central Government to undertake prospecting or mining operations in certain
lands.
17A. Reservation of areas for purposes of conservation.
CHAPTER VI
DEVELOPMENT OF MINERALS
18. Mineral development.
18A. Power to authorise Geological Survey of India, etc., to make investigation.
CHAPTER VII
MISCELLANEOUS
19. Prospecting licences and mining leases to be void if in contravention of Act.
20. Act and rules to apply to all renewals of prospecting licences and mining leases.
20A. Power of Central Government to issue directions.
21. Penalties.
22. Cognizance of offences.
23. Offences by companies.
23A. Compounding of offences.
23B. Power to search.
23C. Power of State Government to make rules for preventing illegal mining, transportation and
storage of minerals.
24. Power of entry and inspection.
24A. Rights and liabilities of a holder of prospecting licence or mining lease.
25. Recovery of certain sums as arrears of land revenue.
26. Delegation of powers.
27. Protection of action taken in good faith.
28. Rules and notifications to be laid before Parliament and certain rules to be approved by
Parliament.
29. Existing rules to continue.
30. Power of revision by Central Government.
30A. Special provisions relating to mining leases for coal granted before 25th October, 1949.
2
SECTIONS
30B. Constitution of Special Courts.
30C. Special Courts to have powers of Court of Session.
31. Relaxation of rules in special cases.
32. [Repealed].
33. Validation of certain acts and indemnity.
THE FIRST SCHEDULE.
THE SECOND SCHEDULE.
THE THIRD SCHEDULE.
THE FOURTH SCHEDULE.
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THE MINES AND MINERALS (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1957
ACT NO. 67 OF 1957
[28th December, 1957.]
1
An Act to provide for the [development and regulation of mines and minerals] under the
control of the Union.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Eighth Year of the Republic of India as follows:―
CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY
1. Short title, extent and commencement.―(1) This Act may be called the Mines and Minerals
2
[(Development and Regulation)] Act, 1957.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force on such date3 as the Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, appoint.
2. Declaration as to expediency of Union Control.―It is hereby declared that it is expedient in the
public interest that the Union should take under its control the regulation of mines and the development
of minerals to the extent hereinafter provided.
3. Definitions.―In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,―
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[(a) “leased area” means the area specified in the mining lease within which mining operations
can be undertaken and includes the non-mineralised area required and approved for the activities
falling under the definition of mine as referred to in clause (i);
(aa) “minerals” includes all minerals except mineral oils;]
(b) “mineral oils” includes natural gas and petroleum;
(c) “mining lease” means a lease granted for the purpose of undertaking mining operations, and
includes a sub-lease granted for such purpose;
(d) “mining operations” means any operations undertaken for the purpose of winning any
mineral;
(e) “minor minerals” means building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand other than sand
used for prescribed purposes, and any other mineral which the Central Government may, by
notification in the Official Gazette, declare to be a minor mineral;
5
[(ea) “notified minerals” means any mineral specified in the Fourth Schedule;]
(f)”prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act;
(g) “prospecting licence” means a licence granted for the purpose of undertaking prospecting
operations;
[(ga) “prospecting licence-cum-mining lease” means a two stage concession granted for the
4
purpose of undertaking prospecting operations followed by mining operations;]

(h) “prospecting operations” means any operations undertaken for the purpose of exploring,
locating or proving mineral deposit ; 6***
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 2, for “regulation of mines and the development of minerals” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. Subs. by s. 3, ibid., for “(Regulation and Development)” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. 1st June, 1958, vide notification No. G.S.R. 432, dated 29th May, 1958, see Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II, sec. 3(i).
4. Subs. by Act 25 of 2016, s. 2, for clause (a) (w.e.f. 6-5-2016).
5. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 2 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. The word “and” omitted by Act 38 of 1999, s. 4 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4
[(ha) “reconnaissance operations” means any operations undertaken for preliminary prospecting
1
of a mineral through regional, aerial, geophysical or geochemical surveys and geological mapping,
but does not include pitting, trenching, drilling (except drilling of boreholes on a grid specified from
time to time by the Central Government) or sub-surface excavation;
(hb) “reconnaissance permit” means a permit granted for the purpose of undertaking
reconnaissance operations; 2***]
[(hc) “Special Court” means a Court of Session designated as Special Court under
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sub-section (1) of section 30B; and]

(i) the expressions, “mine” and “owner”, have the meaning assigned to them in the Mines Act,
1952 (35 of 1952).
CHAPTER II
GENERAL RESTRICTIONS ON UNDERTAKING PROSPECTING AND MINING OPERATIONS
4. Prospecting or mining operations to be under licence or lease.―(1) 4[No person shall
undertake any reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations in any area, except under and in
accordance with the terms and conditions of a reconnaissance permit or of a prospecting licence or, as
the case may be, of a mining lease, granted under this Act and the rules made thereunder]:
Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall affect any prospecting or mining operations
undertaken in any area in accordance with terms and conditions of a prospecting licence or mining lease
granted before the commencement of this Act which is in force at such commencement:
5
[Provided further that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any prospecting operations
undertaken by the Geological Survey of India, the Indian Bureau of Mines, 6[the Atomic Minerals
Directorate for Exploration and Research] of the Department of Atomic Energy of the Central
Government, the Directorates of Mining and Geology of any State Government (by whatever name
called), and the Mineral Exploration Corporation Limited., a Government company within the meaning
of 7[clause (45) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 (18 of 2013), and any such entity that may be
notified for this purpose by the Central Government]:]
8
[Provided also that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to any mining lease (whether called
mining lease mining concession or by any other name) in force immediately before the commencement
of this Act in the Union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu.]
9
[(1A) No person shall transport or store or cause to be transported or stored any mineral otherwise
than in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.]
(2) 10[No reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] shall be granted otherwise than
in accordance with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder.
5
[(3) Any State Government may, after prior consultation with the Central Government and in
accordance with the rule made under section 18, 11[undertake reconnaissance, prospecting or mining
operations with respect to any mineral specified in the First Schedule in any area within that State which
is not already held under any reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease].]
1. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 4 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

3. Ins. by s. 2, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
4. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 2 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
6. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5, for “the Atomic Minerals Division” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
7. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 3, for “section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)” (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
8. Ins. by Act 16 of 1987, s. 14 (w.e.f. 1-10-1963).
9. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 5 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
10. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for “No prospecting licence or mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
11. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for certain words (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
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1
[4A.Termination of prospecting licences or mining leases.―(1) Where the Central Government,
after consultation with the State Government, is of opinion that it is expedient in the interest of
regulation of mines and mineral development, preservation of natural environment, control of floods,
prevention of pollution, or to avoid danger to public health or communications or to ensure safety of
buildings, monuments or other structures or for conservation of mineral resources or for maintaining
safety in the mines or for such other purposes, as the Central Government may deem fit, it may request
the State Government to make a premature termination of a prospecting licence or mining lease in
respect of any mineral other than a minor mineral in any area or part thereof, and, on receipt of such
request, the State Government shall make an order making a premature termination of such prospecting
licence or mining lease with respect to the area or any part thereof.
(2) Where the State Government 2*** is of opinion that it is expedient in the interest of regulation of
mines and mineral development, preservation of natural environment, control of floods, prevention of
pollution or to avoid danger to public health or communications or to ensure safety of buildings,
monuments or other structures or for such other purposes, as the State Government may deem fit, it may,
by an order, in respect of any minor mineral, make premature termination of prospecting licence or
mining lease with respect to the area or any part thereof covered by such licence or lease.
3
[* * * * *]
(3) No order making a premature termination of a prospecting licence or mining lease shall be, made
except after giving the holder of the licence or lease a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
(4) Where the holder of a mining lease fails to undertake mining operations for a period of 4[two
years] after the date of execution of the lease or having commenced mining operations, has discontinued
the same for a period of 4[two years], the lease shall lapse on the expiry of the period of 4[two years]
from the date of execution of the lease or, as the case may be, discontinuance of the mining operations:
5
[Provided that the State Government may, on an application made by the holder of such lease before
it lapses and on being satisfied that it will not be possible for the holder of the lease to undertake mining
operations or to continue such operations for reasons beyond his control, make an order, within a period
of three months from the date of receiving of such application, subject to such conditions as may be
prescribed, to the effect that such lease shall not lapse:
Provided further that such lease shall lapse on failure to undertake mining operations or inability to
continue the same before the end of a period of six months from the date of the order of the State
Government:
Provided also that the State Government may, on an application made by the holder of a lease
submitted within a period of six months from the date of its lapse and on being satisfied that such non-
commencement or discontinuance was due to reasons beyond the control of the holder of the lease,
revive the lease within a period of three months from the date of receiving the application from such
prospective or retrospective date as it thinks fit but not earlier than the date of lapse of the lease:
Provided also that no lease shall be revived under the third proviso for more than twice during the
entire period of the lease.]]
6
[5. Restrictions on the grant of prospecting licences or mining leases.―7[(1) A State
Government shall not grant a 8[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] to any person
unless such person―
1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 3, for section 4A (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

2. The words “, after consultation with the Central Government,” omitted by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
3. The proviso omitted by Act 38 of 1999, s. 6 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 2, for “one year” (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
5. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 4, for the provisos (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 4, for section 5 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
7. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 3, for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
8. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 7, for “prospecting licence or mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6
(a) is an Indian national, or company as defined in 1[clause (20) of section 2 of the Companies
Act, 2013 (18 of 2013)]; and
(b) satisfies such conditions as may be prescribed:
2
[Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule,
no reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease shall be granted except with the
previous approval of the Central Government.]
Explanation.―For the purposes of this sub-section, a person shall be deemed to be an Indian
national,―
(a) in the case of a firm or other association of individuals, only if all the members of the firm or
members of the association are citizens of India; and
(b) in the case of an individual, only if he is a citizen of India.]
(2) No mining lease shall be granted by the State Government unless it is satisfied that―
3
[(a) there is evidence to show the existence of mineral contents in the area for which the
application for a mining lease has been made in accordance with such parameters as may be
prescribed for this purpose by the Central Government;]
(b) there is a mining plan duly approved by the Central Government, or by the State
Government, in respect of such category of mines as may be specified by the Central Government,
for the development of mineral deposits in the area concerned:]
4
[Provided that a mining lease may be granted upon the filing of a mining plan in accordance
with a system established by the State Government for preparation, certification, and monitoring of
such plan, with the approval of the Central Government.]
6. Maximum area for which a prospecting licence or mining lease may be granted.―5[(1) No
person shall acquire 6*** in respect of any mineral or prescribed group of associated minerals 7[in a
State]―
(a) one or more prospecting licences covering a total area of more than twenty-five square
kilometres; or
7
[(aa) one or more reconnaissance permit covering a total area of ten thousand square
kilometres:
Provided that the area granted under a single reconnaissance permit shall not exceed five
thousand square kilometers; or]
(b) one or more mining leases covering a total area of more than ten square kilometres:
8
[Provided that if the Central Government is of the opinion that in the interest of the
development of any mineral or industry, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in
writing, increase the aforesaid area limits in respect of prospecting licence or mining lease, in so far
as it pertains to any particular mineral, or to any specified category of deposits of such mineral, or to
any particular mineral located in any particular area.]]
1. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 5, for “sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956)” (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
2. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
3. Subs. by s. 5, ibid., for clause (a) (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
4. Ins. by s. 5, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. The words “in any one State” omitted by Act 37 of 1986, s. 5 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
7. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 6, for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
7
1
[(c) any reconnaissance permit, mining lease or prospecting licence in respect of any area which
is not compact or contiguous:
Provided that if the State Government is of opinion that in the interests of the development
of any mineral, it is necessary so to do, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, permit any
person to acquire a reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease in relation to any
area which is not compact or contiguous.]
(2) For the purposes of this section, a person acquiring by, or in the name of, another person a
2
[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] which is intended for himself shall be
deemed to be acquiring it himself.
3
[(3) For the purposes of determining the total area referred to in sub-section (1), the area held under
2
a [reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] by a person as a member of a co-
operative society, company or other corporation or a Hindu undivided family or a partner of a firm, shall
be deducted from the area referred to in sub-section (1) so that the sum total of the area held by such
person, under a 2[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease], whether as such member
or partner, or individually, may not, in any case, exceed the total area specified in sub-section (1).]
4
[7. Periods for which prospecting licences may be granted or renewed.―(1) The period for
which 5[a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence] may be granted shall not exceed three years.
(2) A prospecting licence shall, if the State Government is satisfied that a longer period is required to
enable the licensee to complete prospecting operations be renewed for such period or periods as that
Government may specify:
Provided that the total period for which a prospecting licence is granted does not exceed five years:
Provided further that no prospecting licence granted in respect of 6[a mineral included in Part A and
Part B to] the First Schedule shall be renewed except with the previous approval of the Central
Government.]
7
[8. Periods for which mining leases may be granted or renewed.―(1) The provisions of this
section shall apply to minerals specified in Part A of the First Schedule.
(2) The maximum period for which a mining lease may be granted shall not exceed thirty years:
Provided that the minimum period for which any such mining lease may be granted shall not be less
than twenty years.
(3) A mining lease may be renewed for a period not exceeding twenty years with the previous
approval of the Central Government.]
8
[8A. Period of grant of a mining lease for minerals other than coal, lignite and atomic
minerals.―(1) The provisions of this section shall apply to minerals other than those specified in Part A
and Part B of the First Schedule.
(2) On and from the date of the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), all mining leases shall be granted for the period of fifty
years.
(3) All mining leases granted before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development
and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015) shall be deemed to have been granted for a period
of fifty years.
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

2. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for “prospecting licence or mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 3 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
5. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 9, for “a prospecting licence” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Subs. by s. 9, ibid., for “a mineral included in” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
8
(4) On the expiry of the lease period, the lease shall be put up for auction as per the procedure
specified in this Act.
(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of
lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall be
extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2030 with
effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal period,
if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to the
condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-sections (2), (3) and sub-section (4), the period of
lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), where mineral is used for other than captive purpose,
shall be extended and be deemed to have been extended up to a period ending on the 31st March, 2020
with effect from the date of expiry of the period of renewal last made or till the completion of renewal
period, if any, or a period of fifty years from the date of grant of such lease, whichever is later, subject to
the condition that all the terms and conditions of the lease have been complied with.
(7) Any holder of a lease granted, where mineral is used for captive purpose, shall have the right of
first refusal at the time of auction held for such lease after the expiry of the lease period.
(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in this section, the period of mining leases, including
existing mining leases, of Government companies or corporations shall be such as may be prescribed by
the Central Government.
(9) The provisions of this section, notwithstanding anything contained therein, shall not apply to a
mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and
Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015 (10 of 2015), for which renewal has been rejected, or which has been
determined, or lapsed.]
9. Royalties in respect of mining leases.―(1) The holder of a mining lease granted before the
commencement of this Act shall, notwithstanding anything contained in the instrument of lease or in any
law in force at such commencement, pay royalty in respect of any 1[mineral removed or consumed by
him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-lessee] from the leased area after such
commencement, at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in respect of that mineral.
(2) The holder of a mining lease granted on or after the commencement of this Act shall pay royalty
in respect of any 1[mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor
or sub-lessee] from the leased area at the rate for the time being specified in the Second Schedule in
respect of that mineral.
2
[(2A) The holder of a mining lease, whether granted before or after the commencement of the Mines
and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972 (56 of 1972) shall not be liable to
pay any royalty in respect of any coal consumed by a workman engaged in a colliery provided that such
consumption by the workman does not exceed one-third of a tonne per month.]
(3) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Second
Schedule so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which royalty shall be payable in respect of any mineral
with effect from such date as may be specified in the notification:
3
[Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of royalty in respect of any
mineral more than once during any period of 4[three years].]
1. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 4, for “mineral removed by him” (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

2. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Subs. by s. 4, ibid., for the proviso (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
4. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 8, for “four years” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
9
1
[9A. Dead rent to be paid by the lessee.―(1) The holder of a mining lease, whether granted
before or after the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development)
Amendment Act, 1972, shall notwithstanding anything contained in the instrument of lease or in any
other law for the lime being in force, pay to the State Government, every year, dead rent at such rate, as
may be specified, for the time being, in the Third Schedule, for all the areas included in the instrument of
lease:
Provided that where the holder of such mining lease becomes liable, under section 9, to pay royalty
for any mineral removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-
lessee from the leased area, he shall be liable to pay either such royalty, or the dead rent in respect of that
area, whichever is greater.
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the Third Schedule
so as to enhance or reduce the rate at which the dead rent shall be payable in respect of any area covered
by a mining lease and such enhancement or reduction shall take effect from such date as may be
specified in the notification:
Provided that the Central Government shall not enhance the rate of the dead rent in respect of any
such area more than once during any period of 2[three years].]
3
[9B. District Mineral Foundation.―(1) In any district affected by mining related operations, the
State Government shall, by notification, establish a trust, as a non-profit body, to be called the District
Mineral Foundation.
(2) The object of the District Mineral Foundation shall be to work for the interest and benefit of
persons, and areas affected by mining related operations in such manner as may be prescribed by the
State Government.
(3) The composition and functions of the District Mineral Foundation shall be such as may be
prescribed by the State Government.
(4) The State Government while making rules under sub-sections (2) and (3) shall be guided by the
provisions contained in article 244 read with Fifth and Sixth Schedules to the Constitution relating to
administration of the Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas and the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension
to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (40 of 1996) and the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest
Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007).
(5) The holder of a mining lease or a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease granted on or after the
date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act,
2015, shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the
mining operations are carried on, an amount which is equivalent to such percentage of the royalty paid in
terms of the Second Schedule, not exceeding one-third of such royalty, as may be prescribed by the
Central Government.
(6) The holder of a mining lease granted before the date of commencement of the Mines and
Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, shall, in addition to the royalty, pay to
the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the mining operations are carried on, an amount
not exceeding the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule in such manner and subject to the
categorisation of the mining leases and the amounts payable by the various categories of lease holders, as
may be prescribed by the Central Government.
9C. National Mineral Exploration Trust.―(1) The Central Government shall, by notification,
establish a Trust, as a non-profit body, to be called the National Mineral Exploration Trust.
(2) The object of the Trust shall be to use the funds accrued to the Trust for the purposes of regional
and detailed exploration in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
1. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 5 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

2. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 9, for “four years” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
3. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 9 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
10
(3) The composition and functions of the Trust shall be such as may be prescribed by the Central
Government.
(4) The holder of a mining lease or a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease shall pay to the Trust, a
sum equivalent to two per cent. of the royalty paid in terms of the Second Schedule, in such manner as
may be prescribed by the Central Government.]
CHAPTER III
PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING, PROSPECTING LICENCES OR MINING LEASES, IN RESPECT OF LAND IN WHICH
THE MINERALS VEST IN THE GOVERNMENT
10. Application for prospecting licences or mining leases.―(1) An application for 1[a
reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] in respect of any land in which the minerals
vest in the Government shall be made to the State Government concerned in the prescribed form and
shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee.
(2) Where an application is received under sub-section (1), there shall be sent to the applicant an
acknowledgment of its receipt within the prescribed time and in the prescribed form.
(3) On receipt of an application under this section, the State Government may, having regard to the
provisions of this Act and any rules made thereunder, grant or refuse to grant the 2[permit, licence or
lease].
3
[10A. Rights of existing concession holders and applicants.―(1) All applications received prior
to the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment
Act, 2015, shall become ineligible.
(2) Without prejudice to sub-section (1), the following shall remain eligible on and from the date of
commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015:―
(a) applications received under section 11A of this Act;
(b) where before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation)
Amendment Act, 2015 a reconnaissance permit or prospecting licence has been granted in respect of
any land for any mineral, the permit holder or the licensee shall have a right for obtaining a
prospecting licence followed by a mining lease, or a mining lease, as the case may be, in respect of
that mineral in that land, if the State Government is satisfied that the permit holder or the licensee, as
the case may be,―
(i) has undertaken reconnaissance operations or prospecting operations, as the case may be,
to establish the existence of mineral contents in such land in accordance with such parameters as
may be prescribed by the Central Government;
(ii) has not committed any breach of the terms and conditions of the reconnaissance permit
or the prospecting licence;
(iii) has not become ineligible under the provisions of this Act; and
(iv) has not failed to apply for grant of prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case may
be, within a period of three months after the expiry of reconnaissance permit or prospecting
licence, as the case may be, or within such further period not exceeding six months as may be
extended by the State Government;
(c) where the Central Government has communicated previous approval as required under
sub-section (1) of section 5 for grant of a mining lease, or if a letter of intent (by whatever name
called) has been issued by the State Government to grant a mining lease, before the commencement
of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2015, the mining lease
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 11, for “a prospecting licence or a mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
2. Subs. by s. 11, ibid., for “licence or lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 10 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
11
shall be granted subject to fulfilment of the conditions of the previous approval or of the letter of
intent within a period of two years from the date of commencement of the said Act:
Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in the First Schedule, no prospecting
licence or mining lease shall be granted under clause (b) of this subsection except with the
previous approval of the Central Government.
10B. Grant of mining lease in respect of notified minerals through auction.―(1) The provisions
of this section shall not be applicable to cases covered by section 10A or section 17A or to minerals
specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule or to land in respect of which the minerals do not vest
in the Government.
(2) Where there is inadequate evidence to show the existence of mineral contents of any notified
mineral in respect of any area, a State Government may, after obtaining the previous approval of the
Central Government, grant a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease for the said notified mineral in such
area in accordance with the procedure laid down in section 11.
(3) In areas where the existence of mineral contents of any notified mineral is established in the
manner prescribed by the Central Government, the State Government shall notify such areas for grant of
mining leases for such notified mineral, the terms and conditions subject to which such mining leases
shall be granted, and any other relevant conditions, in such manner as may be prescribed by the Central
Government.
(4) For the purpose of granting a mining lease in respect of any notified mineral in such notified
area, the State Government shall select, through auction by a method of competitive bidding, including
e-auction, an applicant who fulfils the eligibility conditions as specified in this Act.
(5) The Central Government shall prescribe the terms and conditions, and procedure, subject to
which the auction shall be conducted, including the bidding parameters for the selection, which may
include a share in the production of the mineral, or any payment linked to the royalty payable, or any
other relevant parameter, or any combination or modification of them.
(6) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (5), the Central Government shall, if it is of the
opinion that it is necessary and expedient to do so, prescribe terms and conditions, procedure and
bidding parameters in respect of categories of minerals, size and area of mineral deposits and a State or
States, subject to which the auction shall be conducted:
Provided that the terms and conditions may include the reservation of any particular mine or mines
for a particular end-use and subject to such condition which allow only such eligible end users to
participate in the auction.
(7) The State Government shall grant a mining lease to an applicant selected in accordance with the
procedure laid down in this section in respect of such notified mineral in any notified area.
10C. Grant of non-exclusive reconnaissance permits.―(1) Non-exclusive reconnaissance permits

may be granted in respect of any notified mineral or non-notified mineral or a group of specified
minerals, other than minerals specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule, subject to such terms
and conditions as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(2) The holder of such non-exclusive reconnaissance permit shall not be entitled to make any claim
for the grant of any prospecting licence-cum-mining lease or a mining lease.]
1
[11. Grant of prospecting licence-cum-mining lease through auction in respect of minerals
other than notified minerals.―(1) The provisions of this section shall not be applicable to cases
covered by section 10A or section 17A or to minerals specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule
or to land in respect of which minerals do not vest in the Government.
12
(2) In areas where there is evidence to show the existence of mineral contents as required by
clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 5, the State Government shall grant a mining lease for minerals
other than notified minerals following the procedure laid down in section 10B.
(3) In areas where there is inadequate evidence to show the existence of mineral contents as required
under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 5, the State Government shall grant a prospecting licence-
cum-mining lease for minerals other than notified minerals in accordance with the procedure laid down
in this section.
(4) The State Government shall notify the areas in which prospecting licence-cum-mining leases
shall be granted for any minerals other than notified minerals, the terms and conditions subject to which
such prospecting licence-cum-mining leases shall be granted, and any other relevant conditions, in such
manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government.
(5) For the purpose of granting prospecting licence-cum-mining leases, the State Government shall
select, through auction by method of competitive bidding, including e-auction, an applicant who fulfils
the eligibility conditions as specified in this Act.
(6) The Central Government shall prescribe the terms and conditions, and procedure, subject to
which the auction shall be conducted, including the bidding parameters for the selection, which may
include a share in the production of the mineral, or any payment linked to the royalty payable, or any
other relevant parameter, or any combination or modification of them.
(7) Without prejudice to the generality of sub-section (6), the Central Government shall, if it is of the
opinion that it is necessary and expedient to do so, prescribe terms and conditions, procedure and
bidding parameters in respect of categories of minerals, size and area of mineral deposits and a State or
States, subject to which the auction shall be conducted.
(8) The State Government shall grant a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease to an applicant
selected in accordance with the procedure laid down in this section.
(9) The holder of a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease shall be required to complete, within the
period laid down in section 7, the prospecting operations satisfactorily as specified in the notice inviting
applications.
(10) A holder of a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, who completes the prospecting operation
as laid down in sub-section (9) and establishes the existence of mineral contents in the area in conformity
with such parameters as may be prescribed for this purpose by the Central Government, shall be required
to apply for a mining lease for such area and shall have the right to get the mining lease and thereafter
undertake mining operations in accordance with the provisions of this Act.]
1
[11A. Procedure in respect of coal or lignite.―The Central Government may, for the purpose of
granting reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease in respect of an area containing coal
or lignite, select, through auction by competitive bidding on such terms and conditions as may be
prescribed, a company engaged in,―
(i) production of iron and steel;
(ii) generation of power;
(iii) washing of coal obtained from a mine; or
(iv) such other end use as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
specify,
and the State Government shall grant such reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease in
respect of coal or lignite to such company as selected through auction by competitive bidding under this
section:
1. Ins. by Act 34 of 2010, s. 2 (w.e.f. 13-2-2012).
13
Provided that the auction by competitive bidding shall not be applicable to an area containing coal or
lignite,―
(a) where such area is considered for allocation to a Government company or corporation for
mining or such other specified end use;
(b) where such area is considered for allocation to a company or corporation that has been
awarded a power project on the basis of competitive bids for tariff (including Ultra Mega Power
Projects).
Explanation.―For the purposes of this section, “company” means a company as defined in section 3
of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) and includes a foreign company within the meaning of section
591 of that Act.]
1
[11B. Power of Central Government to make rules for regulating atomic minerals specified
under Part B of First Schedule.―The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette,
make rules for regulating the grant of mining leases or other mineral concessions in respect of minerals
specified in Part B of the First Schedule and for purposes connected therewith, and the State Government
shall grant a reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease in respect of any such mineral in
accordance with such rules.
11C. Power of Central Government to amend First Schedule and Fourth Schedule.―The
Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, amend the First Schedule and the
Fourth Schedule so as to add or delete any mineral as may be specified in the notification.]
12. Registers of prospecting licences and mining leases.―(1) The State Government shall cause to
be maintained in the prescribed form―
(a) a register of applications for prospecting licences;
(b) a register of prospecting licensees;
2
[(c) a register of applications for mining leases;
(d) a register of mining lessees;
(e) a register of applications for reconnaissance permits; and
(f) a register of reconnaissance permits,]
in each of which shall be entered such particulars as may be prescribed.
(2) Every such register shall be open to inspection by any person on payment of such fee as the State
Government may fix.
3
[12A. Transfer of mineral concessions.―(1) The provisions of this section shall not apply to
minerals specified in Part A or Part B of the First Schedule.
(2) A holder of a mining lease or a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease granted in accordance with
the procedure laid down in section 10B or section 11 may, with the previous approval of the State
Government, transfer his mining lease or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, as the case may be, in
such manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government, to any person eligible to hold such
mining lease or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease in accordance with the provisions of this Act and
the rules made thereunder.
(3) If the State Government does not convey its previous approval for transfer of such mining lease
or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, as the case may be, within a period of ninety days from the
date of receiving such notice, it shall be construed that the State Government has no objection to such
transfer:
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 12 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 13, for clauses (c) and (d) (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 13 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
14
Provided that the holder of the original mining lease or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease shall
intimate to the State Government the consideration payable by the successor-in-interest for the transfer,
including the consideration in respect of the prospecting operations already undertaken and the reports
and data generated during the operations.
(4) No such transfer of a mining lease or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, referred to in
sub-section (2), shall take place if the State Government, within the notice period and for reasons to be
communicated in writing, disapproves the transfer on the ground that the transferee is not eligible as per
the provisions of this Act:
Provided that no such transfer of a mining lease or of a prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, shall
be made in contravention of any condition subject to which the mining lease or the prospecting licence-
cum-mining lease was granted.
(5) All transfers effected under this section shall be subject to the condition that the transferee has
accepted all the conditions and liabilities under any law for the time being in force which the transferor
was subject to in respect of such a mining lease or prospecting licence-cum-mining lease, as the case
may be.
(6) The transfer of mineral concessions shall be allowed only for concessions which are granted
through auction.]
1
[Provided that where a mining lease has been granted otherwise than through auction and where
mineral from such mining lease is being used for captive purpose, such mining lease may be permitted to
be transferred subject to compliance of such terms and conditions and payment of such amount or
transfer charges as may be prescribed.
Explanation.―For the purposes of this proviso, the expression “used for captive purpose” shall
mean the use of the entire quantity of mineral extracted from the mining lease in a manufacturing unit
owned by the lessee.]
CHAPTER IV
RULES FOR REGULATING THE (GRANT OF PROSPECTING LICENCES AND MINING LEASES
13. Power of Central Government to make rules in respect of minerals.―(1) The Central
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for regulating the grant
of 2[reconnaissance permits, prospecting licences and mining leases] in respect of minerals and for
purposes connected therewith.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may
provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:―
(a) the person by whom, and the manner in which, applications for 3[reconnaissance permits,
prospecting licences or mining leases] in respect of land in which the minerals vest in the
Government may be made and the fees to be paid therefor;
(b) the time within which, and the form in which, acknowledgement of the receipt of any such
application may be sent;
(c) the matters which may be considered where applications in respect of the same land are
received on the same day;
4
[(d) the terms and conditions of auction by competitive bidding for selection of the company
under section 11A;]
(e) the authority by which 2[reconnaissance permits, prospecting licences or mining leases] in
respect of land in which the minerals vest in the Government may be granted;
(f) the procedure for obtaining 5[a reconnaissance permit, a prospecting licence or a mining
lease] in respect of any land in which the minerals vest in a person other than the Government and
the terms on which, and the conditions subject to which, such 6[a permit, licence or lease] may be
granted or renewed;
1. Ins. by Act 25 of 2016, s. 3 (w.e.f. 6-5-2016).

2. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 14, for “prospecting licences and mining leases” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Subs. by s. 14, ibid., for “prospecting licences or mining leases” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Ins. by Act 34 of 2010, s. 3 (w.e.f. 13-2-2012)).
5. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 14, for “a prospecting licence or a mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Subs. by s. 14, ibid., for “a licence or lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
15
(g) the terms on which, and the conditions subject to which, may other 1[reconnaissance permit,
prospecting licence or mining lease] may be granted or renewed;
(h) the facilities to be afforded by holders of mining leases to persons deputed by the
Government for the purpose of undertaking research or training in matters relating to mining
operations;
2
[(i) the fixing and collection of fees for 3[reconaaissance permits, prospecting licences or
mining leases] surface rent, security deposit, fines, other fees or charges and the time within which
and the manner in which the dead rent or royalty shall be payable;]
(j) the manner in which rights of third parties may be protected (whether by payment of
compensation or otherwise) in cases where any such party may be prejudicially affected by reason of
any 4[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations];
5
[(jj) parameters of existence of mineral contents under clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section
5;]
(k) the grouping of associated minerals for the purposes of section 6;
(l) the manner in which, and the conditions subject to which, 6[a reconnaissance, permit, a
prospecting licence or a mining lease] may be transferred;
(m) the construction, maintenance and use of roads, power transmission lines, tramways,
railways, aerial ropeways, pipelines and the making of passages for water for mining purposes on
any land comprised in a mining lease;
(n) the form of registers to be maintained under this Act;
7
* * * * *
8
(p) the reports and statements to be submitted by holders of [reconnaissance permits or
prospecting licences] or owners of mines and the authority to which such reports and statements
shall be submitted;
(q) the period within which applications for revision of any order passed by a State Government
or other authority in exercise of any power conferred by or under this Act, may be made 9[the fees to
be paid therefore and the documents which shall accompany such applications] and the manner in
which such applications shall be disposed of; and
9
[(qq) the manner in which rehabilitation of flora and other vegetation, such as trees, shrubs and
the like destroyed by reason of any prospecting or mining operations shall be made in the same area
or in any other area selected by the Central Government (whether by way of reimbursement of the
cost of rehabilitation or otherwise) by the person holding the prospecting licence or mining lease;]
10
***
11
[(qqa) the amount of payment to be made to the District Mineral Foundation under
sub-sections (5) and (6) of section 9B;
(qqb) the manner of usage of funds accrued to the National Mineral Exploration Trust under
sub-section (2) of section 9C;
2. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 11, for clause (i) (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
3. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 14, for “prospecting licences or mining leases” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Subs. by s. 14, ibid., for “prospecting or mining operations” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 14 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s.14, for “a prospecting licence or a mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
7. Omitted by Act 37 of 1986, s. 11 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
8. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 14, for “prospecting licences” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
9. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 11 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
11. Ins. by s. 14, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
16
(qqc) the composition and functions of the National Mineral Exploration Trust under
(qqd) the manner of payment of amount to the National Mineral Exploration Trust under
(qqe) the terms and conditions subject to which mining leases shall be granted under
sub-section (3) of section 10B;
(qqf) the terms and conditions, and procedure, subject to which the auction shall be conducted
including the bidding parameters for the selection under sub-section (5) of section 10B;
(qqg) the time limits for various stages in processing applications for grant of mining lease or
prospecting licence-cum-mining lease under sections 10B, 11, 11A, 11B, and section 17A, and their
renewals;
(qqh) the terms and conditions for grant of non-exclusive reconnaissance permits under
(qqi) the terms and conditions for grant of prospecting licence-cum-mining leases under
sub-section (4) of section 11;
(qqj) the terms and conditions, and procedure, including the bidding parameters for the selection
under sub-section (6) of section 11;
1
[(qqja) the terms and conditions and amount or transfer charges under the proviso to
sub-section (6) of section 12A;]
(qqk) the amount to be payable by a Government company or corporation, or a joint venture for
grant of mining lease under sub-section (2C) of section 17A; and]
(r) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed under this Act.
2
[13A. Power of Central Government to make rules for the grant of prospecting licences or
mining leases in respect of territorial waters or continental shelf of India.―(1) The Central
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for the grant of prospecting licences
or mining leases in respect of any minerals underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or the
continental shelf of India.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any
of the following matters, namely:―
(a) the conditions, limitations and restrictions subject to which such prospecting licences or
mining leases may be granted;
(b) regulation of exploration and exploitation of minerals within the territorial waters or the
continental shelf of India;
(c) ensuring that such exploration or exploitation does not interfere with navigation and
(d) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed.]
14. 3[Sections 5 to 13] not to apply to minor minerals.―The provisions of 3[sections 5 to 13]
(inclusive) shall not apply to 4[quarry leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions] in respect of
minor minerals.
15. Power of State Governments to make rules in respect of minor minerals.―(1) The State
Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for, regulating the grant of 5[quarry
leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions] in respect of minor minerals and for purposes
connected therewith.
1. Ins. by Act 25 of 2016, s. 4 (w.e.f. 6-5-2016).

2. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 6 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 12, for “sections 4 to 13” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 7, for “prospecting licences and mining leases” (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
5. Subs. by s. 8, ibid., for “prospecting licence and mining leases” (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
17
1
[(1A) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may
(a) the person by whom and the manner in which, applications for quarry leases, mining leases
or other mineral concessions may be made and the fees to be paid therefor;
(b) the time within which, and the form in which, acknowledgement of the receipt of any such
applications may be sent;
(c) the matters which may be considered where applications in respect of the same land are
received within the same day;
(d) the terms on which, and the conditions subject to which and the authority by which quarry
leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions may be granted or renewed;
(e) the procedure for obtaining quarry leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions;
(f) the facilities to be afforded by holders of quarry leases, mining leases or other mineral
concessions to persons deputed by the Government for the purpose of undertaking research or
training in matters relating to mining operations;
(g) the fixing and collection of rent, royalty, fees, dead rent, fines or other charges and the time
within which and the manner in which these shall be payable;
(h) the manner in which rights of third parties may be protected (whether by way of payment of
compensation or otherwise) in cases where any such party is prejudicially affected by reason of any
prospecting or mining operations;
(i) the manner in which rehabilitation of flora and other vegetation such as trees, shrubs and the
like destroyed by reason of any quarrying or mining operations shall be made in the same area or in
any other area selected by the State Government (whether by way of reimbursement of the cost of
rehabilitation or otherwise) by the person holding the quarrying or mining lease;
(j) the manner in which and the conditions subject to which, a quarry lease, mining lease or other
mineral concession may be transferred;
(k) the construction, maintenance and use of roads power transmission lines, tramways, railways,
serial rope ways, pipelines and the making of passage for water for mining purposes on any land
comprised in a quarry or mining lease or other mineral concession;
(l) the form of registers to be maintained under this Act;
(m) the reports and statements to be submitted by holders of quarry or mining leases or other
mineral concessions and the authority to which such reports and statements shall be submitted;
(n) the period within which and the manner in which and the authority to which applications for
revision of any order passed by any authority under these rules may be made, the fees to be paid
therefore, and the powers of the revisional authority; and
(o) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.]
(2) Until rules are made under sub-section (1), any rules made by a state Government regulating the
grant of 2[quarry leases, mining leases or other mineral concessions] in respect of minor minerals which
are in force immediately before the commencement of these Act shall continue in force.
3
[(3) The holder of a mining lease or any other mineral concession granted under any rule made
under sub-section (1) shall pay 4[royalty or dead rent, whichever is more] in respect of minor minerals
removed or consumed by him or by his agent, manager, employee, contractor or sub-lessee at the rate
prescribed for the time being in the rules framed by the State Government in respect of minor minerals:
1. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 13 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

2. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 8, for “prospecting licence and mining leases” (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Ins. by s. 8, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
4. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 13, for “royalty” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
18
Provided that the State Government shall not enhance the rate of 1[royalty or dead rent] in respect of
any minor mineral for more than once during any period of 2[three] years.]
3
[(4) Without prejudice to sub-sections (1), (2) and sub-section (3), the State Government may, by
notification, make rules for regulating the provisions of this Act for the following, namely:―
(a) the manner in which the District Mineral Foundation shall work for the interest and benefit
of persons and areas affected by mining under sub-section (2) of section 9B;
(b) the composition and functions of the District Mineral Foundation under sub-section (3) of
section 9B; and
(c) the amount of payment to be made to the District Mineral Foundation by concession holders
of minor minerals under section 15A.]
4
[15A. Power of State Government to collect funds for District Mineral Foundation in case of
minor minerals.―The State Government may prescribe the payment by all holders of concessions
related to minor minerals of amounts to the District Mineral Foundation of the district in which the
mining operations are carried on.]
16. Power to modify mining leases granted before 25th October, 1949.―5[(1) (a) All mining
leases granted before the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development)
Amendment Act, 1972 (56 of 1972) 6[if in force at the date of commencement of the Mines and Minerals
(Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1994 (25 of 1994), shall be brought in conformity with
the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder within two years from the date of the
commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1994], or
such further time as the Central Government may, by general or special order, specify in this behalf.
(b) Where the rights under any mining lease, granted by the proprietor of an estate or tenure before
the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972
(56 of 1972), have vested, on or after the 25th day of October, 1949, in the State Government in
pursuance of the provisions of any Act of any Provincial or State Legislature which provides for the
acquisition of estates or tenures or provides for agrarian reform, such mining lease shall be brought into
conformity with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder within 7[two years from the
commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1994 (25 of
1994)], or within such further time as the Central Government may, by general or special order, specify
in this behalf.]
8
[(1A) Where any action is taken under clause (a) or clause (b) of sub-section (1) to bring the period
of any lease in conformity with the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, then
notwithstanding anything contained in section 8, the period of such lease shall continue to operate for a
period of two years from the date of bringing such lease in conformity with the provisions of this Act.]
(2) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules for the purpose
of giving effect to the provisions of sub-section (1) and in particular such rules shall provide—
(a) for giving previous notice of the modification or alteration proposed to be made in any
existing mining lease to the lessee and where the lessor is not the Central Government, also to the
lessor and for affording him an opportunity of showing cause against the proposal;
(b) for the payment of compensation to the lessee in respect of the reduction of any area covered
by the existing mining lease; and
1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 13, for “royalty” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

2. Subs. by s. 13, ibid., for “four” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
3. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 15 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
4. Ins. by s. 16, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
6. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 6, for certain words (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
7. Subs. by s. 6, ibid., for “six months from the commencement of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development)
Amendment Act, 1972” (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
8. Ins. by s. 6, ibid. (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
19
(c) for the principles on which, the manner in which, and the authority by which, the said
compensation shall be determined.
CHAPTER V
SPECIAL POWERS OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TO
UNDERTAKE PROSPECTING OR MINING OPERATIONS IN CERTAIN CASES
17. Special powers of Central Government to undertake prospecting or mining operations in

certain lands.―(1) The provisions of this section shall apply 1*** in respect of land in which the
minerals vest in the Government of a State 2[or any other person].
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Central Government, after consultation with
the State Government, may undertakes 3[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations] in any area
not already held under any 4[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] and where it
proposes to do so, it shall, by notification in the Official Gazette―
(a) specify the boundaries of such area;
(b) state whether 3[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations] will be carried out in the
area; and
(c) specify the mineral or minerals in respect of which such operations will be carried out.
(3) Where, in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2), the Central Government
undertakes 3[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations] in any area, the Central Government
shall be liable to pay 5[reconnaissance permit fee or prospecting fee] royalty, surface rent or dead rent, as
the case may be, at the same rate at which it would have been payable under this Act, if such
3
[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations] had been undertaken by a private person under a
4
[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease].
(4) The Central Government, with a view to enabling it to exercise the powers conferred on it by
sub-section (2) may, after consultation with the State Government, by notification in the Official
Gazette, declare that no 4[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] shall be granted in
respect of any land specified in the notification.
6
[17A. Reservation of areas for purposes of conservation.―(1) The Central Government, with a
view to conserving any mineral and after consultation with the State Government, may reserve any area
not already held under any prospecting licence or mining lease and, where it proposes to do so, it shall,
by notification in the Official Gazette, specify the boundaries of such area and the mineral or minerals in
respect of which such area will be reserved.
7
[(1A) The Central Government may in consultation with the State Government, reserve any area not
already held under any prospecting licence or mining lease, for undertaking prospecting or mining
operations through a Government company or corporation owned or controlled by it, and where it
proposes to do so, it shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify the boundaries of such area and
the mineral or minerals in respect of which such area will be reserved.]
(2) The State Government may, with the approval of the Central Government, reserve any area not
already held under any prospecting licence or mining lease, for undertaking prospecting or mining
operations through a Government company or corporation owned or controlled by it 8*** and where it
proposes to do so, it shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify the boundaries of such area and
the mineral or minerals in respect of which such areas will be reserved.
1. The word “only” omitted by Act 56 of 1972, s. 10 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

2. Ins. by s. 10, ibid. (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
3. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 15, for “prospecting or mining operations” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for “prospecting licence or mining lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for “prospecting fee” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 14 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
7. Ins. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 7 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
8. The words “or by the Central Government” omitted by s. 7, ibid. (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
20
1
[(2A) Where in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1A) or sub-section (2), the Central
Government or the State Government, as the case may be, reserves any area for undertaking prospecting
or mining operations, the State Government shall grant prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case
may be, in respect of such area to such Government company or corporation:
Provided that in respect of any mineral specified in Part A and Part B of the First Schedule, the State
Government shall grant the prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case may be, only after obtaining
the previous approval of the Central Government.
(2B) Where the Government company or corporation is desirous of carrying out the prospecting
operations or mining operations in a joint venture with other persons, the joint venture partner shall be
selected through a competitive process, and such Government company or corporation shall hold more
than seventy-four per cent. of the paid up share capital in such joint venture.
(2C) A mining lease granted to a Government company or corporation, or a joint venture, referred to
in sub-sections (2A) and (2B), shall be granted on payment of such amount as may be prescribed by the
Central Government.]
(3) 2[Where in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1A) or sub-section (2) the Central
Government or the State Government, as the case may be,] undertakes prospecting or mining operations
in any area in which the minerals vest in a private person, it shall be liable to pay prospecting fee,
royalty, surface rent or dead rent, as the case may be, from time to time at the same rate at which it
would have been payable under this Act if such prospecting or mining operations had been undertaken
by a private person under prospecting licence or mining lease.]
CHAPTER VI
DEVELOPMENT OF MINERALS
18. Mineral development.―(1) It shall be the duty of the Central Government to take all such steps
as may be necessary 3[for the conservation and systematic development of minerals in India and for the
protection of environment by preventing or controlling any pollution which may be caused by
prospecting or mining operations] and 4[for such purposes] the Central Government may, by notification
in the Official Gazette, make such rules as it thinks fit.
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may
(a) the opening of new mines and the regulation of mining operations in any area;
(b) the regulation of the excavation or collection of minerals from any mine;
(c) the measures to be taken by owners of mines for the purpose of beneficiation of ores,
including the provision of suitable contrivances for such purpose;
(d) the development of mineral resources in any area;
(e) the notification of all new borings and shaft sinkings and the preservation of bore-hole
records, and specimens of cores of alt new bore-holes;
(f) the regulation of the arrangements for the storage of minerals and the stocks thereof that may
be kept by any person;
(g) the submission of samples of minerals from any mine by the owner thereof and the manner in
which and the authority to which such samples shall be submitted; and the taking of samples of any
minerals from any mine by the State Government or any other authority specified by it in that behalf;
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 17 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

2. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 7, for “Where in exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (2) the State Government”
(w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
3. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 15, for “for the conservation and development of minerals in India” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
4. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for “for that purpose” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
21
(h) the submission by owners of mines of such special or periodical returns and reports as may
be specified, and the form in which and the authority to which such returns and reports shall be
submitted;
1
[(i) the regulation of prospecting operations;
(j) the employment of qualified geologists or mining engineers to supervise prospecting or
mining operations;
(k) the disposal or discharge of waste slime or tailings arising from any mining or metallurgical
operations carried out in a mine;
(l) the manner in which and the authority by which directions may be issued to the owners of
any mine to do or refrain from doing certain things in the interest of conservation or systematic
development of minerals or for the protection of environment by preventing or controlling pollution
which may be caused by prospecting or mining operations;
(m) the maintenance and submission of such plans, registers or records as may be specified by
the Government;
(n) the submission of records or reports by persons carrying on prospecting or mining operations
regarding any research in mining or geology carried out by them;
(o) the facilities to be afforded by persons carrying out prospecting or mining operations to
persons authorised by the Central Government for the purpose of undertaking research or training in
matters relating to mining or geology;
(p) the procedure for and the manner of imposition of fines for the contravention of any of the
rules framed under this section and the authority who may impose such fines; and
(q) the authority to which, the period within which, the form and the manner in which
applications for revision of any order passed by any authority under this Act and the rules made
thereunder may be made, the fee to be paid and the documents which should accompany such
applications.]
(3) All rules made under this section shall be binding on the Government.
2
[18A. Power to authorise Geological Survey of India, etc., to make investigation.―(1) Where
the Central Government is of opinion that for the conservation and development of minerals in India, it
is necessary to collect as precise information as possible with regard to any mineral available in or under
any land in relation to which any prospecting licence or mining lease has been granted, whether by the
State Government or by any other person, the Central Government may authorise the Geological Survey
of India, or such other authority or agency as it may specify in this behalf, to carry out such detailed
investigations for the purpose of obtaining such information as may be necessary:
Provided that in the cases of prospecting licences or mining leases granted by a State Government,
no such authorisation shall be made except after consultation with the State Government.
(2) On the issue of any authorisation under sub-section (1), it shall be lawful for the Geological
Survey of India or the specified authority or agency, and its servants and workmen—
(a) to enter upon such land,
(b) to dig or bore into the sub-soil,
(c) to do all other acts necessary to determine the extent of any mineral available in or under
such land,
(d) to set out boundaries of the land in which any mineral is expected to be found,
(e) to mark such boundaries and line by placing marks,
1. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 15 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

2. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 11 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
22
(f) where otherwise the survey cannot be completed on the boundaries and line marked, to cut
down and clear away any part of any standing crop, fence or jungle:
Provided that no such authority or agency shall enter into any building or upon any enclosed court or
garden attached to a dwelling-house (except with the consent of the occupier thereof) without previously
giving such occupier at least seven days' notice in writing of its intention to do so.
(3) Whenever any action of the nature specified in sub-section (2) is to be taken, the Central
Government shall, before or at the time when such action is taken, pay or tender payment for all
necessary damage which is likely to be caused, and in case of dispute as to the sufficiency of the amount
so paid or tendered or as to the person to whom it should be paid or tendered, the Central Government
shall refer the dispute to the principal civil court of original jurisdiction having jurisdiction over the land
in question.
(4) The fact that there exists any such dispute as is referred to in sub-section (3) shall not be a bar to
the taking of any action under sub-section (2).
(5) After the completion of the investigation, the Geological Survey of India or the specified
authority or agency by which the investigation was made shall submit to the Central Government a
detailed report indicating therein the extent and nature of any mineral which lies deposited in or under
the land.
(6) The costs of the investigation made under this section shall be borne by the Central Government:
Provided that where the State Government or other person in whom the minerals are vested or the
holder of any prospecting licence or mining lease applies to the Central Government to furnish to it or
him a copy of the report submitted under sub-section (5), that State Government or other person or the
holder of a prospecting licence or mining lease, as the case may be, shall bear such reasonable part of the
costs of investigation as the Central Government may specify in this behalf and shall, on payment of
such part of the costs of investigation, be entitled to receive from the Central Government a true copy of
the report submitted to it under sub-section (5).]
CHAPTER VII
MISCELLANEOUS
19. Prospecting licences and mining leases to be void if in contravention of Act.―Any
1
[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] granted, renewed or acquired in
contravention of the provisions of this Act or any rules or orders made thereunder shall be void and of no
effect.
Explanation.―Where a person has acquired more than one 1[reconnaissance permit, prospecting
licence or mining lease] 2*** and the aggregate area covered by such 3[permits, licences or leases], as the
case may be, exceeds the maximum area permissible under section 6, only that 1[reconnaissance permit,
prospecting licence or mining lease] the acquisition of which has resulted in such maximum area being
exceeded shall be deemed to be void.
20. Act and rules to apply to all renewals of prospecting licences and mining leases.―The
provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder shall apply in relation to the renewal after the
commencement of this Act of any prospecting licence or mining lease granted before such
commencement as they apply in relation to the renewal of a prospecting licence or mining lease granted
after such commencement.
4
[20A. Power of Central Government to issue directions.―(1) Notwithstanding anything
contained in this Act, the Central Government may issue such directions to the State Governments, as
may be required for the conservation of mineral resources, or on any policy matter in the national
interest, and for the scientific and sustainable development and exploitation of mineral resources.
2. The words “in any State” omitted by Act 25 of 1994, s. 8 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
3. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 16, for “licences or leases” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 18 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
23
(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing powers, the Central
Government may also issue directions in respect of the following matters, namely:―
(i) improvement in procedure for grant of mineral concessions and to ensure co-ordination
among agencies entrusted with according statutory clearances;
(ii) maintenance of internet-based databases including development and operation of a mining
tenement system;
(iii) implementation and evaluation of sustainable development frameworks;
(iv) reduction in waste generation and related waste management practices and promotion of
recycling of materials;
(v) minimising and mitigating adverse environmental impacts particularly in respect of ground
water, air, ambient noise and land;
(vi) ensuring minimal ecological disturbance, in terms of bio-diversity, flora, fauna and habitat;
(vii) promoting restoration and reclamation activities so as to make optimal use of mined out
land for the benefit of the local communities; and
(viii) such other matters as may be necessary for the purposes of implementation of this Act.]
21. Penalties.―1[(1) Whoever contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) or sub-section (1A) of
section 4 shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years and with fine
which may extend to five lakh rupees per hectare of the area.
(2) Any rule made under any provision of this Act may provide that any contravention thereof shall
be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years or with fine which may
extend to five lakh rupees, or with both, and in the case of a continuing contravention, with additional
fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees for every day during which such contravention continues
after conviction for the first such contravention.]
(3) Where any person trespasses into any land in contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1)
of section 4, such trespasser may be served with an order of eviction by the State Government or any
authority authorised in this behalf by that Government and the State Government or such authorised
authority may, if necessary, obtain the help of the police to evict the trespasser from the land.
2
[(4) Whenever any person raises, transports or causes to be raised or transported, without any
lawful authority, any mineral from any land, and, for that purpose, uses any tool, equipment, vehicle or
any other thing, such mineral tool, equipment, vehicle or any other thing shall be liable to be seized by
an officer or authority specially empowered in this behalf.
(4A) Any mineral, tool, equipment, vehicle or any other thing seized under sub-section (4), shall be
liable to be confiscated by an order of the court competent to take cognizance of the offence under
sub-section (1) and shall be disposed of in accordance with the directions of such court.]
(5) Whenever any person raises, without any lawful authority, any mineral from any land, the State
Government may recover from such person the mineral so raised, or, where such mineral has already
been disposed of, the price thereof, and may also recover from such person, rent, royalty or tax, as the
case may be, for the period during which the land was occupied by such person without any lawful
authority.
3
[(6) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), an
offence under sub-section (1) shall be cognizable.]
22. Cognizance of offences.―No court shall take cognizance of any offence punishable under this
Act or any rules made thereunder except upon complaint in writing made by a person authorised in this
behalf by the Central Government or the State Government.
1. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 19, for sub-sections (1) and (2) (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
3. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 16 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
24
23. Offences by companies.―(1) If the person committing an offence under this Act or any rules
made thereunder is a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge
of, and was responsible to the company for the conduct of the business of the company, shall be deemed
to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly:
Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any
punishment, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all
due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence under this Act has been
committed with the consent or connivance of any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the
company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall be deemed to be guilty of that offence
and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation.―For the purposes of this section,―
(a) “company” means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals;
(b) “director” in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm.
1
[23A. Compounding of offences.―(1) Any offence punishable under this Act or any rule made
thereunder may, either before or after the institution of the prosecution, be compounded by the person
authorised under section 22 to make a complaint to the court with respect to that offence, on payment to
that person, for credit to the Government, of such sum as that person may specify:
Provided that in the case of an offence punishable with fine only, no such sum shall exceed the
maximum amount of fine which may be imposed for that offence.
(2) Where an offence is compounded under sub-section (1), no proceeding or further proceeding, as
the case may be, shall be taken against the offender in respect of the offence so compounded, and the
offender, if in custody, shall be released forthwith.]
2
[23B. Power to search.―If any gazetted officer of the Central or a State Government authorised by
the Central Government 3[or a State Government, as the case may be,] in this behalf by genera! or
special order has reason to believe that any mineral has been raised in contravention of the provisions of
this Act or rules made thereunder or any document or thing in relation to such mineral is secreted in any
place 3[or vehicle], he may search for such mineral, document or thing and the provisions of section 100
of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), shall apply to every such search.]
4
[23C. Power of State Government to make rules for preventing illegal mining, transportation
and storage of minerals.―(1) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make
rules for preventing illegal mining, transportation and storage of minerals and for the purposes connected
therewith.
(2) In particular and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may
(a) establishment of check-posts for checking of minerals under transit;
(b) establishment of weigh-bridges to measure the quantity of mineral being transported;
(c) regulation of mineral being transported from the area granted under a prospecting licence or a
mining lease or a quarrying licence or a permit, in whatever name the permission to excavate
minerals, has been given;
(d) inspection, checking and search of minerals at the place of excavation or storage or during
transit;
(e) maintenance of registers and forms for the purposes of these rules;
1. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 13 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

2. Ins. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 9 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
3. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 18 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Ins. by s. 19, ibid. (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
25
(f) the period within which and the authority to which applications for revision of any order
passed by any authority be preferred under any rule made under this section and the fees to be paid
therefor and powers of such authority for disposing of such applications; and
(g) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed for the purpose of prevention
of illegal mining, transportation and storage of minerals.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 30, the Central Government shall have no power
to revise any order passed by a State Government or any of its authorised officers or any authority under
the rules made under sub-sections (1) and (2).]
24. Power of entry and inspection.―(1) For the purpose of ascertaining the position of the
working, actual or prospective, of any mine or abandoned mine or for any other purpose connected with
this Act or the rules made thereunder, any person authorised by the 1[Central Government or a State
Government] in this behalf, by general 2*** order, may―
(a) enter and inspect any mine;
(b) survey and take measurements in any such mine;
(c) weigh, measure or take measurements of the stocks of minerals lying at any mine;
(d) examine any document, book, register, or record in the possession or power of any person
having the control of, or connected with, any mine and place marks of identification thereon, and
take extracts from or make copies of such document, book, register or record;
(e) order the production of any such document, book, register, record, as is referred to in
clause (d); and
(f) examine any person having the control of, or connected with, any mine.
(2) Every person authorised by the 1[Central Government or a State Government] under
sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian
Penal Code, and every person to whom an order or summons is issued by virtue of the powers conferred
by clause (e) or clause (f) of that sub-section shall be legally bound to comply with such order or
summons, as the case may be.
3
[24A. Rights and liabilities of a holder of prospecting licence or mining lease.―(1) On the issue
of a 4[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] under this Act and the rules made
thereunder, it shall be lawful for the 5[holder of such permit, licence or lease], his agents or his servants
or workmen to enter the lands over which 6[such permit, lease or licence had been granted] at all times
during its currency and carry out all such 7[reconnaissance, prospecting or mining operations] as may be
prescribed:
Provided that no person shall enter into any building or upon an enclosed court or garden attached to
a dwelling-house (except with the consent of the occupier thereof) without previously giving such
occupier at least seven days’ notice in writing of his intention to do so.
(2) The holder of a 4[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] referred to in
sub-section (1) shall be liable to pay compensation in such manner as may be prescribed to the occupier
of the surface of the land granted under 8[such permit, licence or lease] for any loss or damage which is
likely to arise or has arisen from or in consequence of the 9[reconnaissance, mining or prospecting
operations].
1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 20, for “Central Government” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

2. The words “or special” omitted by s. 20, ibid. (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
3. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 17 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).
5. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “holder of such licence or lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
6. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “such lease or licence had been granted” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
7. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “prospecting or mining operations” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
8. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “such licence or lease” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
9. Subs. by s. 21, ibid., for “mining or prospecting operations” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
26
(3) The amount of compensation payable under sub-section (2) shall be determined by the State
Government in the manner prescribed.]
25. Recovery of certain sums as arrears of land revenue.―1[(1)] Any rent, royally, tax, fee or
other sum due to the Government under this Act or the rules made thereunder or under the terms and
conditions of any 2[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence or mining lease] may, on a certificate of
such officer as may be specified by the State Government in this behalf by general or special order, be
recovered in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue.
3
[(2) Any rent, royalty, tax, fee or other sum due to the Government either under this Act or any rule
made thereunder or under the terms and conditions of any 2[reconnaissance permit, prospecting licence
or mining lease] may, on a certificate of such officer as may be specified by the State Government in this
behalf by general or special order, be recovered in the same manner as if it were an arrear of land
revenue and every such sum which becomes due to the Government after the commencement of the
Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Amendment Act, 1972 (56 of 1972), together with
the interest due thereon shall be a first charge on the assets of the holder of the 2[reconnaissance permit,
prospecting licence or mining lease], as the case may be.]
26. Delegation of powers.―(1) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official
Gazette, direct that any power exercisable by it under this Act may, in relation to such matters and
subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the notification be exercisable also by―
(a) such officer or authority subordinate to the Central Government; or
(b) such State Government or such officer or authority subordinate to a State Government, as
may be specified in the notification.
(2) The State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that any power
exercisable by it under this Act may, in relation to such matters and subject to such conditions, if any, as
may be specified in the notification, be exercisable also by such officer or authority subordinate to the
State Government as may be specified in the notification.
(3) Any rules made by the Central Government under this Act may confer powers and impose duties
or authorise the conferring of powers and imposition of duties upon any State Government or any officer
or authority subordinate thereto.
27. Protection of action taken in good faith.―No suit, prosecution or other legal proceedings shall
lie against any person for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.
28. Rules and notifications to be laid before Parliament and certain rules to be approved by
Parliament.―4[(1) Every rule and every notification made by the Central Government under this Act
shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session
for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive
sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive
sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or notification or both
Houses agree that the rule or notification should not be made, the rule or notification shall thereafter
have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such
modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under
that rule or notification.]
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the rule making power vested in the Central Government,
no rules made with reference to clause (c) of sub-section (2) of section 16 shall come into force until
they have been approved, whether with or without modifications, by each House of Parliament.
1. Section 25 re-numbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 56 of 1972, s. 14 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

3. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 14 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
4. Subs. by s. 15, ibid., for sub-section (1) (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).
27
1
[(3) Every rule and every notification made by the State Government under this Act shall be laid, as
soon as may be after it is made, before each House of the State Legislature where it consists of two
Houses, or where such Legislature consists one House, before that House.]
29. Existing rules to continue.―All rules made or purporting to have been made under the Mines
and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1948 (53 of 1948), shall, in so far as they relate to
matters for which provision is made in this Act and are not inconsistent therewith, be deemed to have
been made under this Act as if this Act had been in force on the date on which such rules were made and
shall continue in force unless and until they are superseded by any rules made under this Act.
2
[30. Power of revision by Central Government.―The Central Government may, of its own
motion or on an application made within the prescribed time by an aggrieved party,―
(a) revise any order made by a State Government or other authority in exercise of the powers
conferred on it by or under this Act with respect to any mineral other than a minor mineral; or
(b) where no such order has been made by the State Government or other authority in exercise of
the powers conferred on it by or under this Act with respect to any mineral other than a minor
mineral within the time prescribed therefore, pass such order as it may think fit and appropriate in
the circumstances:
Provided that in cases covered by clause (b) the Central Government shall, before passing any
order under this clause, give an opportunity of being heard or to represent in the matter.]
3
[30A. Special provisions relating to mining leases for coal granted before 25th October,
1949.―Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 9
and sub-section (1) of section 16 shall not apply to or in relation to mining leases granted before the 25th
day of October, 1949, in respect of coal, but the Central Government, if it is satisfied that it is expedient
so to do, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, direct that all or any of the said provisions
(including any rules made under sections 13 and 18) shall apply to or in relation to such leases subject to
such exceptions and modifications, if any, as may be specified in that or in any subsequent notification.]
4
[30B. Constitution of Special Courts.―(1) The State Government may, for the purposes of
providing speedy trial of offences for contravention of the provisions of sub-section (1) or
sub-section (1A) of section 4, constitute, by notification, as many Special Courts as may be necessary for
such area or areas, as may be specified in the notification.
(2) A Special Court shall consist of a Judge who shall be appointed by the State Government with
the concurrence of the High Court.
(3) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a judge of a Special Court unless he is or has
been a District and Sessions Judge.
(4) Any person aggrieved by the order of the Special Court may prefer an appeal to the High Court
within a period of sixty days from the date of such order.
30C. Special Courts to have powers of Court of Session.―Save as otherwise provided in this Act,
the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), shall apply to the proceedings before the Special
Court and for the purpose of the provisions of this Act, the Special Court shall be deemed to be a Court
of Session and shall have all powers of a Court of Session and the person conducting a prosecution
before the Special Court shall be deemed to be a public prosecutor.]
31. Relaxation of rules in special cases.―The Central Government may, if it is of opinion that in
the interests of mineral development it is necessary so to do, by order in writing and for reasons to be
recorded, authorise in any case the grant, renewal or transfer of any 5[reconnaissance permit, prospecting
1. Ins. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 10 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).

3. Ins. by Act 15 of 1958, s. 2 (w.e.f. 15-5-1958).
4. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 21 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
28
licence or mining lease], or the working of any mine for the purpose of searching for or winning any
mineral, on terms and conditions different from those laid down in the rules made under section 13.
32. [Amendments to Act 53 of 1948].―Rep. by the Repealing and Amending Act, 1960 (58 of 1960),
s. 2 and the First Schedule (w.e.f. 26-12-1960).
33. Validation of certain acts and indemnity.―All acts of executive authority done, proceedings
taken and sentences passed under the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1948 (53
of 1948), with respect to the regulation of mines and the development of minerals during the period
commencing on the 26th day of January, 1950, and ending with the date of commencement of this Act
by the Government or by any officer of the Government or by any other authority, in the belief or
purported belief that the acts, proceedings of sentences were being done, taken or passed under the said
Act, shall be as valid and operative as if they had been done, taken or passed in accordance with law, and
no suit or other legal proceeding shall be maintained or continued against any person whatsoever, on the
ground that any such acts, proceedings or sentences were not done, taken or passed in accordance with
law.
29
1
[THE FIRST SCHEDULE
2
[See sections 4(3), 5(1), 7(2) and [8(1), 8A(1), 10A, 10B(1), 10C(1), 11(1), 11B, 11C, 12A(1), and
17A(2A)]]
SPECIFIED MINERALS
PART A
Hydro carbons/energy minerals
1. Coal and lignite.
PART B
Atomic minerals
1. Beryl and other beryllium-bearing minerals.
2. Lithium-bearing minerals.
3. Minerals of the “rare earths” group containing Uranium and Thorium.
4. Niobium-bearing minerals.
5. Phosphorites and other phosphatic ores containing Uranium.
6. Pitchblende and other Uranium ores.
3
[7. Titanium bearing minerals and ores (ilmenite, rutile and leucoxene).]
8. Tantallium-bearing minerals.
9. Uraniferous allanite, monazite and other thorium minerals.
10. Uranium bearing tailings left over from ores after extraction of copper and gold, ilmentie and
other titanium ores.
4
[11. Zirconium-bearing minerals and ores including Zircon.]
PART C
Metallic and non-metallic minerals
1. Asbestos.
2. Bauxite.
3. Chrome ore.
4. Copper ore.
5. Gold.
6. Iron ore.
7. Lead.
5
***
9. Manganese ore.
10. Precious stones.
11. Zinc.]
1. Subs. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 12, for the First Schedule (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).
2. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 22, for “8(2)” (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
3. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 24, for item 7 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
4. Subs. by s. 24, ibid., for item 11 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
5. Omitted by s. 24, ibid. (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).
30
1
[SECOND SCHEDULE
(See section 9)
RATES OF ROYALTY IN RESPECT OF MINERALS AT ITEMS 1 TO 9, 11 TO 40 AND 42 TO 55
1. Apatite and Rock Phosphate:
(i) Apatite Five per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(ii) Rock Phosphate Twelve and half per cent. of average sale price on ad
valorem basis.
(a) Above 25% P2O5
Six per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(b) Upto 25% P2O5
2. Asbestos:
(i) Chrysotile Eight Hundred and Eighty rupees per tonne.
(ii) Amphibole Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
3. Barytes: Six and half per cent. of average sale price on ad
valorem basis.
4. Bauxite and Laterite: (a) Metallurgical Grade:
Zero point six zero per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Aluminium metal price chargeable on the contained
aluminium metal in ore produced for those dispatched
for use in alumina and aluminium metal extraction.
(b) Non Metallurgical Grade:
Twenty five per cent. of average sale price on
ad valorem basis for those dispatched for use other than
alumina and aluminium metal extraction.
5. Brown Ilmenite Two per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(Leucoxene), Ilmenite, Rutile
and Zircon:
6. Cadmium: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
7. Calcite: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
8. China clay or Kaolin:
(including ball clay and white
shale, white clay)
(i) Crude Eight per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(ii) Processed (including Twelve per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
washed) basis.
9. Clay others: Twenty rupees per tonne.
10. Coal (including Lignite): *
11. Chromite: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
12. Columbite-tantalite: Ten per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
1. Subs. by notification No. G.S.R. 630(E), for the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 1-9-2014).
31
13. Copper: Four point six two per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Copper metal price chargeable on the contained copper
metal in ore produced.
14. Diamond: Eleven point five per cent. of average sale price on
ad valorem basis.
15. Dolomite: Seventy-five rupees per tonne.
16. Dunite: Thirty rupees per tonne.
17. Felspar: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
18. Fire Clay: Twelve per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
(including plastic, pipe, basis.
lithomargic and natural
pozzolanic clay)
19. Fluorspar: Eight per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(also called fluorite)
20. Garnet:
(i) Abrasive Four per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(ii) Gem Ten per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
21. Gold:
(i) Primary Four per cent. of London Bullion Market Association
Price (commonly referred to as London Price) chargeable
on the gold metal in ore produced.
(ii) By-product gold Three point three per cent. of London Bullion Market
Association Price (commonly referred to as London
Price) chargeable on the by-product gold metal actually
produced.
22. Graphite:
(i) With 80 per cent. or more Two hundred and twenty-five rupees per tonne.
fixed carbon
(ii) With 40 per cent. or more One hundred and fifty rupees per tonne.
fixed carbon but less than 80
per cent. fixed carbon
(iii) With 20 per cent. or more Sixty-five rupees per tonne.
fixed carbon but less than 40
per cent. fixed carbon
(iv) With less than 20 per cent. Twenty-five rupees per tonne.
fixed carbon
23. Gypsum: Twenty per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
24. Iron Ore: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
(CLO, Lumps, fines and
concentrates all grades)
32
25. Lead: (a) Eight point five per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Lead metal price chargeable on the contained lead metal
in ore produced.
(b) Fourteen point five per cent. of London Metal
Exchange Lead metal price chargeable on the contained
lead metal in the concentrate produced.
26. Limestone:
(i) L. D. Grade (less than 1.5 Ninety rupees per tonne.
per cent. silica content)
(ii) Others Eighty rupees per tonne.
27. Lime kankar: Eighty rupees per tonne.
28. Limeshell: Eighty rupees per tonne.
29. Magnesite: Three per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
30. Manganese Ore:
(i) Ore of all grade Five per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
(ii) Concentrates One point seven per cent. of average sale price on
ad valorem basis.
31. Marl: Sixty rupees per tonne.
32. Crude Mica, waste mica Four per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
and scrap mica:
33. Monazite: One hundred and twenty-five rupees per tonne.
34. Nickel: Zero point one two per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Nickel metal price chargeable on the contained nickel
metal in ore produced.
35. Ochre: Twenty-four rupees per tonne.
36. Pyrites: Two per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
37. Pyrophyllite: Twenty per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
38. Quartz: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
39. Ruby: Ten per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
40. Sand (others): Twenty rupees per tonne.
41. Sand for stowing: **
42. Shale: Sixty rupees per tonne.
43. Silica sand and moulding Ten per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
sand and Quartzite:
44. Sillimanite: Two point five per cent. of average sale price on
ad valorem basis.
33
45. Silver:
(i) By-product Seven per cent. of London Metal Exchange Price
chargeable on by-product silver metal actually produced.
(ii) Primary Silver Five per cent. of London Metal Exchange Silver Metal
Price chargeable on the contained silver metal in ore
produced.
46. Slate: Forty-five rupees per tonne.
47. Talc, Steatite and Eighteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
Soapstone: basis.
48. Tin: Seven point five per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Tin metal price chargeable on the contained tin metal in
ore produced.
49. Tungsten: Twenty rupees per unit per cent. of contained WO3 per
tonne of ore and on pro rata basis.
50. Uranium: Two per cent. of annual compensation amount received
by M/s. Uranium Corporation of India Ltd., to be
apportioned among the States on the basis of data
provided by Department of Atomic Energy.
51. Vanadium: Twenty per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
52. Vermiculite: Five per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem basis.
53. Wollastonite: Fifteen per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
basis.
54. Zinc: (a) Nine point five per cent. of London Metal Exchange
Zinc metal price on ad valorem basis chargeable on
contained zinc metal in ore produced.
(b) Ten per cent. of London Metal Exchange Zinc metal
price on ad valorem basis chargeable on contained zinc
metal in concentrate produced.
55. All other minerals not Twelve per cent. of average sale price on ad valorem
herein before specified (Agate, basis.
Corundum, Diaspore, Felsite,
Fuschite-Quartzite, Jasper,
Kyanite, Perlite, Pyroxenite,
Rock Salt, Selenite, etc.)
Notes:―
1. * Rates of royalty in respect of item No. 10 relating to Coal (including Lignite) as revised vide
notification number G.S.R. 349(E), dated the 10th May, 2012 read with corrigendum G.S.R. 525(E),
dated the 14th June, 2012 of the Government of India in the Ministry of Coal shall remain in force until
revised through a separate notification by the Ministry of Coal.
2. ** Rates of royalty in respect of item No. 41 relating to Sand for stowing revised vide notification
number G.S.R. 214(E), dated the 11th April, 1997, will remain in force until revised through a separate
notification by the Ministry of Coal.]
34
1
[THIRD SCHEDULE
(See section 9A)
Rates of Dead Rent
1. Rates of dead rent applicable to the leases granted for low value minerals are as under:
RATES OF DEAD RENT IN RUPEES PER HECTARE PER ANNUM
From 2nd Year of Lease 3rd and 4th Year of Lease 5th Year onwards
400 1000 2000
2. Two times the rate specified at paragraph 1 above in case of lease granted for medium value minerals.
3. Three times the rate specified at paragraph 1 above in case of lease granted for high value minerals.
4. Four times the rate specified at paragraph 1 above in case of lease granted for precious metals and
stones.
Note:
1. For the purpose of this notification:―
(a) “precious metals and stones” means gold, silver, diamond, ruby, sapphire and emerald;
(b) “high value minerals” means semi-precious stones (agate, gem garnet), corundum, copper, lead,
zinc, and asbestos (chrysotile variety);
(c) “medium value minerals” means chromite, manganese ore, kyanite, sillimanite, vermiculite,
magnesite, wollastonite, perlite, diaspore, apatite, rock phosphate, fluorite (fluorspar), barytes, and iron
ore;
(d) “low value minerals” means the minerals other than precious metals and stones, high value
minerals and medium value minerals.]
1. Subs. by notification No. G.S.R.631(E), for “Third Schedule” (w.e.f. 1-9-2014).
35
1
[THE FOURTH SCHEDULE
[See clause (ea) of section 3]
Notified Minerals
1. Bauxite.
2. Iron ore.
3. Limestone.
4. Manganese ore.]
1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 23 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).
36

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MINES AND MINERALS (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1957

10. Application for prospecting licences or mining leases.

purpose of undertaking prospecting operations followed by mining operations;]

sub-section (1) of section 30B; and]

1. Ins. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 4 (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 3, for section 4A (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 8, for clause (c) (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

1. Subs. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 4, for “mineral removed by him” (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

1. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 5 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

10C. Grant of non-exclusive reconnaissance permits.―(1) Non-exclusive reconnaissance permits

1. Subs. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 11, for section 11 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

1. Ins. by Act 34 of 2010, s. 2 (w.e.f. 13-2-2012).

1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 12 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

1. Ins. by Act 25 of 2016, s. 3 (w.e.f. 6-5-2016).

1. Ins. by Act 25 of 2016, s. 4 (w.e.f. 6-5-2016).

1. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 13 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

1. Subs. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 13, for “royalty” (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

17. Special powers of Central Government to undertake prospecting or mining operations in

1. The word “only” omitted by Act 56 of 1972, s. 10 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 17 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

1. Ins. by Act 37 of 1986, s. 15 (w.e.f. 10-2-1987).

1. Ins. by Act 56 of 1972, s. 13 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

1. Subs. by Act 38 of 1999, s. 20, for “Central Government” (w.e.f. 18-12-1999).

1. Section 25 re-numbered as sub-section (1) thereof by Act 56 of 1972, s. 14 (w.e.f. 12-9-1972).

1. Ins. by Act 25 of 1994, s. 10 (w.e.f. 25-1-1994).

1. Subs. by notification No. G.S.R.631(E), for “Third Schedule” (w.e.f. 1-9-2014).

1. Ins. by Act 10 of 2015, s. 23 (w.e.f. 12-1-2015).

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