ADU FINAL INTERNSHIP REPORT

ADIGRAT UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING
INDIVIDUAL FINAL INTERNISHIP REPORT
PREPARED BY: HADUSH HAGOS
ID NO: RET 4204/06
HOSTING COMPANY: MAIAYNI / RIGHT BOTTELD BUSINESS COMPANY
DURATION OF TIME: 01/02/2010-22/05/2010 E.C
ADVISOR: MR. HADUSH

SUBMITED TO ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

SUBMISSION DATE: 27/05/2010 E.C

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DECLARATION
I humbly declare that this report is based on the work, carried out by me after the compilation
of four month's at MaiAyni Business Company and no part of it has been presented
previously for any higher degree. The report was conducted in the department of Electrical
and computer engineering, Adigrat University under the guidance of Mr. Hadush Lecturer at
Adigrat university department of electrical and computer engineering.

I also declare that, this report has been prepared for academic purpose alone and has not
been/will submitted elsewhere for any other purposes.

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ACKNOWLEDGENT
The Internship opportunity I had with MAIAYNI Business Company was a great chance for
learning and professional development. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky
individual as I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I am also grateful for
having a chance to meet so many wonderful people and professionals who led me through
this Internship period.

Bearing in mind previous I want to thank the Almighty of GOD for helping me and gave me
strength in attaining all the program and preparing this report. Next my special thanks goes
to my Internship adviser Mr. Hadush for his valuable help and support in upgrading my
theoretical knowledge, in fitting my knowledge with practical knowledge and his advice how
to write concise final report.

I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to MAIAYNI
Business Company for giving me the opportunity to improve my technical as well as
professional skills in the company. I would like also to express my heartfelt thanks to all
company workers who helped me during the whole Internship time.
Last but not least, I want to thank ADU for giving the chance to take part in this program
that has given me greater opportunity to test the knowledge from the University.
I perceive as this opportunity as a big milestone in my career development. I will strive to use
gained skills and knowledge in the best possible way, and I will continue to work on their
improvement, in order to attain desired career objectives. Hope to continue cooperation with
all of you in the future.

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EXCUTIVE SUMMARY
This final Internship report is all about the four month Internship program that I attended and
the experience. I was able to grasp through the continuous support of my supervisor and
mentor. More or less, I tried to explain the aspects of the program to my best of abilities. I
briefly summarized what might be expected while going through the report.

In this Internship program I had many advantages in its different aspects to relate the things I
know theoretically-practically. Moreover, to acquire different types of skills like technical
skills, interpersonal communication skills, understanding about work ethics, team playing
skills, leadership skills and improve my practical skills.

The first part of the report describes the background of the Internship hosting company; that
include its brief over view, brief history of the company, over all organization structure of the
company. In the second part, the topic that is discussed in detail is the overall Internship
experience. It describes in detail; how I get in to the company, overall work I executed during
my Internship practice and challenges that are faced and the measures that I tried to take
during the course of the program.

Generally; I tried to include the different experiences I got in throughout four months
challenging Internship program that I could not had before. Finally I come up with my
conclusion and recommendation.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: General structure of the factory work flow ........................................................................... 14
Figure 2: General electrical work flow of the company ........................................................................ 18
Figure 3:Three in one machine ............................................................................................................. 20
Figure 4:Flow diagram of water treatment plant ................................................................................. 21
Figure5:Injection machine .................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 6:Flow diagram of PET bottle production .................................................................................. 22
Figure 7: Flow diagram of polypropylene (PP) bottle caps production ................................................ 23
Figure 8: Ozone producing machine ..................................................................................................... 23
Figure 9: Film blow plastic machine ...................................................................................................... 24
Figure 10: Plc model.............................................................................................................................. 24
Figure 11:Injection machine with plc .................................................................................................... 25
Figure 12: Circuit breaker...................................................................................................................... 26
Figure 13:PET ........................................................................................................................................ 27
Figure 14:PET-perform cavity ............................................................................................................... 28
Figure 15:PET-bottle blowing process .................................................................................................. 28

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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1:National standard chemical analysis of the company ............................................................. 10

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TABLE OF CONTENT

DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... 1
ACKNOWLEDGENT .................................................................................................................................. 2
EXCUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 3
CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 8
1. BACKGRUND OF INTERNSHIP HOSTING COMPANY ................................................................... 8
1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANY ..................................................................................... 8
1.1.1. Objective of the company ..................................................................................................... 8
1.1.2 Mission and Vision of the company....................................................................................... 9
1.1.3 Raw materials and inputs to the company.............................................................................. 9
1.1.4 Machinery of the company .................................................................................................. 10
1.2 Main products or services ........................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Main customers or the end user of service .................................................................................. 12
1.4 Overall organization and work flow ........................................................................................... 12
1.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities’ of Company Workers .............................................................. 13
CHAPTER TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 15
2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERINCE ............................................................................................... 15
2.1 HOW I GET IN TO THE COMPANY ....................................................................................... 15
2.2 WORKING SECTION I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN THE COMPANY .............................. 15
2.3 How does the work flow in the section look like? ...................................................................... 17
2.3.1 Work flow of the machineries .............................................................................................. 17
2.4. Which work piece or work task you have been executing? ....................................................... 29
2.4.1Maintenance section.............................................................................................................. 29
2.4.2 Work shop practices ............................................................................................................. 29
2.5. What procedure you have been using while performing your work task................................... 29
2.6. How good you have been in performing your work task ........................................................... 29
2.7. Main challenges that faced you during Internship time ............................................................. 30
2.8. The measures you have taken to solve the challenges ............................................................... 30
CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 31
3. BENEFITS I GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP ............................................................................. 31
3.1. In terms of Improving Practical Skills ....................................................................................... 31
3.2. In terms of Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge ......................................................................... 32
3.3. In terms of Improving Interpersonal Communication Skill ....................................................... 32
3.4. In Terms Of Improving Team Playing Skill .............................................................................. 32
3.5. In terms of Improving Leadership Skill ..................................................................................... 33
3.6. In terms of Understanding about Work Ethics ........................................................................... 33

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3.7. In terms of entrepreneurship skill .............................................................................................. 33

CHAPTER FOUR....................................................................................................................................... 34
4. Conclusion and recommendation ............................................................................................................ 34
4.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 34
4.2. RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................................................. 36
REFERENCE.............................................................................................................................................. 37
APENDEX .................................................................................................................................................. 38

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CHAPTER ONE

1. BACKGRUND OF INTERNSHIP HOSTING COMPANY

1.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE COMPANY

MaiAyni/ right bottled water company is one of the Ethiopian highland purified
mineral water producing companies, which is found in Eastern zone of Tigray region
at Adigrat town. The company is 900Km far away from Addis Ababa and 126km
from Mekelle capital city of Tigray region. This company is private limited company
which produces purified mineralized water from natural spring water at the highland
of golaa. Its foundation was begun in 2000E.C having a total construction area of
3500 care meter and it was completed in 2002E.C. After the construction was
completed; it starts its production since January 2003E.C. And the factory was
designed to produce 3600 bottled water per hour and the company gives job
opportunity for 120 people. The amount of Birr needed for the total construction of
the company was about 21,000,000 birr.

MaiAyni purified mineral water factory is a private limited company (P.L.C) owned
by Dori Kebede and now it has a total area of 7000 Carrie meter. The main source of
the spring water needed to MaiAyni purified mineral water factory is from enda
yowuhans holy water. In this factory, the purified mineral water is packaged in plastic
bottles that are manufactured by the factory itself. Purified mineral water can be
classified as carbonated or non-carbonated water; but mai ayni Business Company
produces carbonated bottled water. This company is organized to work eight hours per
a day.

1.1.1. Objective of the company

General Objective;-

 The objective of the company is to build sustainable business that ensures

financial sustainability while making the company as a good corporate citizen.
 We are committed to our customers to provide what they expect to have a
healthy life.
 To address social and environmental issues, and finding innovative ways to
optimize use of power, energy, and water.

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 Overcoming a continuous search for social welfare of the organization to

create a pleasant community life.

Specific objective;-

 To create job opportunities

 To use modern technologies and machineries
 To increase the work efficiency.

1.1.2 Mission and Vision of the company

Mission

 By introducing latest technologies of water treatment mechanisms, producing

market demanded purified mineral water in the company;

Vision

 By producing more purified mineral water creating a healthy world at a future;

 Producing purified mineral water creating an increased future consumers Of

treated water;
 By increasing the consumers of purified mineral water, Maximizing future
profit of the factory;

1.1.3 Raw materials and inputs to the company

The main raw material used in Mai Ayni purified mineral water business factory was
spring water. As we had observed, the source of this water was from enda yewuhans
holy water. There were many types of raw materials and inputs in mai ayni bottled
Water Company; these are:

 PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) was used for making of plastic bottles.

 Chlorine: was used for disinfecting of water contaminated microorganisms.
 HDPE and LDPE (High and low density polyethylene) were used for making
plastic and capes.
 Ground water (spring water) was the main source of water needed for
treatment.

 Master bunch was used for making of plastic bottles and capes by mixing with
PET, HDPE and LDPE to have the bottles and capes blue color.

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 Hydrogen peroxide chemical was used for washing of filter types of the
company.
 Citric acid was used to wash the filter media of hallow filter.
Amount of mineral constituents present in the purified water of the company are listed
in the following:

Chemical analysis Amount (mg/l)

Sodium (Na) 3.4
Calcium (Ca) 11.0

Magnesium (Mg) 2.9

Potassium (K) 1.1

Chloride 9.5
Sulphates 6.6
PH. 7

Fluoride 0.06

Table 1:National standard chemical analysis of the company

1.1.4 Machinery of the company

The company had been many types of machineries which were used during production
process.
The main machineries of the company are listed as follows.

 Injection machine: this machine was used to make injected plastic bottles and
caps.
 T-shirt bag maker plastic machine: this machine was used to make for small
plastics.
 Three in one machine: this machine have three functions; filling, washing and
capping
 Blowing machine: was used to blow the injected bottle to make original shape
of Plastic bottles.
 Steam generating machine: this machine was used to produce steam and this
steam was used to adhere the plastic that holds national written mineral
contents on the external surface of the bottles.
 Sharing machine: this machine used to package the purified bottled water by
flat plastics.

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 Domino (printing) machine: this machine used to write expired date and
manufacturing date.
 Ozone generating machine: this machine was used to change atmospheric
oxygen molecule (O2) to ozone molecule (O3).
 Water droplet drier: was used for drying of water droplets present on the
external surface of the plastic bottle.
 Mixer machine: was a machine which is used to mix the raw materials like
PET and HDPE with master bunch.
 Stainless Steel Conveyor: Made of S.S, used for conveying of empty washed
bottles to the filling machine.
 Air compressor: was a device that converts power in to potential energy stored
in pressurized air. By one of several methods, an air compressor forces more
air in to a storage tank, increasing the pressure.
 Chiller: was a device which used to cold mold.
 Condenser: was used to cool down the injection machine and molding
machine.
 Film blow machine: was used to make plastics needed for packaging of bottled
water.

1.2 Main products or services

MaiAyni business Company mainly produces a purified packed mineral water. In
addition to this the factory produces other products like plastic bottles and plastics;
which were not sealed to the distributors and other consumers; rather they were
directly used by the company for packaging.

The Factory manufactures different sizes of packed water and all of its accessories by itself:

 600 ML packed water:

 1L packed water

 2L packed water

 20L packed water

 Bottle:
 0.6 litre
 one litre
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 Two litre
 Cap
 Plastic bag

1.3 Main customers or the end user of service

The purified mineral water produced in this company had been some essential mineral
contents to the human body. Hence these minerals were found in nature; but based on
the national standard of the country they could be minimized or maximized if they
were found above or below to the standardized one; and the company produces a high
quality purified mineral water. Due to high quality product of the company; the
company leads to have many customers in all societies of Tigray region. Generally the
customer of the company includes:

 All Governmental and Non-governmental organizations of Tigray region

 All urban and semi urban towns of Tigray region

But the main customers of the company were western region of Tigray; this is because
of the environmental weather condition of the region. Since the weather condition of
the region is very hot; then it needs more mineralized water which leads the water to
be strong to drink by the peoples. And it easily stays for a long time after drinking.

1.4 Overall organization and work flow

Mai Ayni packed Water Company has two main categories of management structure
to pave the overall activities inside the factory. These general manager and technical
manager. General Manager supervises the whole work of the factory and the technical
manager works with technical aspects of the company.
And the company has been four Production departments. These production
departments were:

 Chemistry
 Mechanical
 Electrical
 Biology
 Grade 5-12 students

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1.4.1 Roles and Responsibilities’ of Company Workers

Manager: Responsibilities to manage the business, enter into agreement, sign
contract, strike deal, supervise and manage overall business operations.

Production Manager: He/she will be involved in the planning, coordination and

control of manufacturing processes and should ensure that goods are produced
efficiently and that the correct amount is produced at the right cost and level of
quality.

Purchase Officer: He/she was responsible for buying the best quality equipment, raw
materials for a company or organization at the most competitive prices.

Accountant: He/she could keep the daily records of the business.

Supervisor: He/she coach, mentor and advocate employees and company.

Machine Operator: They were operating the machines.

Marketing and Sales person: He/she was responsible for the marketing plan,
campaigns and developing new innovative ways to market the products and selling of
products within agreed time scales.

Guard cum Store keeper: He/she was responsible for looking after the production
unit and keeping the inventories and raw materials properly and safely.

Part-time Labor and Others: was responsible Loading, unloading, transporting,

maintenance, etc.

The overall organizational work flow of the factory can be shown as follows:

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General Manager

Technical Manager
Executive
Secretary
Mechanical Electrical

Supervisor supervisor

HRM Sales Manager Finance Manager Store Manager

Sales Production Market Unit

Supervisor

Figure 1: General structure of the factory work flow

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CHAPTER TWO

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERINCE

The main aim of higher education institutions, especially technology institutions, is
producing knowledgeable, well skilled, country builder and receiver, productive and talented
students. Those students, after graduation, will be work in different companies, organizations
and other working sectors all over the country. Almost all practical engineering applications
are done based on the theories and principles of different engineering fields that have been
developed progressively.

2.1 HOW I GET IN TO THE COMPANY

When I was fourth year student the curriculum allows for all university student involve an
Internship program to improve our theoretical skill and develop practical experience by
involving in the real world or actual place. For this reason I take acceptance paper from
Adigrat University and joined a hosting company. Initially I have two options given by the
university industry linkage office (UIL office) of Adigrat University to get willing
companies. The first option was to search and find by myself. The other option was the UIL
office’s available candidate companies. So per the second option the university industry
linkage office (UIL office) of Adigrat University send me to Mai Ayni Business Company.
In October 02, 2010 E.c I start my Internship program in the company and for the last four
month's I was able to experiences in the company and upgrade my knowledge and skill.

2.2 WORKING SECTION I HAVE BEEN WORKING IN THE COMPANY

In my stay in the company, I have been working in the technical maintenance and product
section especially in the electrical department. This section has many elements like electrical,
mechanical, chemists, biologists and many machine operators and daily workers.

In the section, there are much electronic and mechanical machines and equipment that I have
been taught theoretically and what I have not seen before. Some of the machines are: plastic
injection machine, film blow plastic machine, t-shirt bag maker machine, chiller/cooler
machine, mixer, Generators, Transformers, motors, capacitors, different types of cables,
extreme number of sensors and additionally, different lumps, the PLC ( programmable logic
control) ,the brain of the company.

To verify some of them where and when they are available:

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 Film blow plastic machine: is used to make flat plastics. Plastic injection machine:
Plastic injection molding machine, in structure of horizontal toggle clamping
structure with various pumps, are used for injection molding of various thermoplastic
plastics, which can be molded by one shot to be plastic products with complicated
contour, accurate dimension and plug-in parts.

 Chiller/cooler machine: is one type of machine which is used to cool the hot water
and reject the cool water to another machines such as plastic injection machine to
cool it and received a hot water from the machines to cool. Generally the cooling
system of the machine is continuous and cycling.

 Mixer: Is a machine used to mix an ingredient of the Ambo product like gas and
water.

 The control cabinet: are touch screen to control machines provided for each machines

 control panel; a panel with electrical elements like circuit board, switch, contactors,
relays, circuit breakers, soft starters, PLC, different BUS used to The control and
install the overall operation of the machineries.

 The generator: Used at the time there exists problem with EEPCO, to generate

 Motor: An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy and pressure related tasks in the production process.

 Soft starters: electrical equipment that controls the starting speed of any running
machineries of the company, allow machineries to start at very low speed.

 PLC: an electrical material used to manage the overall machineries within the
company

 Conveyor: this machine has only one conveyer which is used to move plastic filled by
product and long about 50 meters.

 Transformers: an electrical material used to transform the power coming from

EEPCO as well as from the generators as per requirement.

 Control transformers: this control transformer is used for adjusting the amount of
voltage and the phase. As an example we can mention phase shifter transformer. This
component shifts the three phase voltage supplied to the machine in to two phases.

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 Indicator lamp: This tells the operator when the power is applied and indicates the
status of operation of the machine.

 Relay: an electromagnetic device composed frame or core with an electromagnetic

coil and contacts.

 Heater/Boiler: used for drying of water droplets on the packed water and also for
melting a plastics.

 Float Switch: is a device used to detect the level of liquid within a tank. The switch
may be used to control a pump, as an indicator, an alarm, or to control other devices.

2.3 How does the work flow in the section look like?
As I have tried to mention, MayAyni bottled Business Company is one of the most
effective company all over the country that aimed at producing purified water drinks.
In the section one I have been assigned to work is in the maintenance and controlling
of the electrical machines, In general the machinery used by the company was
classified in to five classes. These were:
A) Water treatment machineries
B) Filling, Capping, and Packing Unit machineries
C) PET stretch Blow Molding Unit machineries
D) Ozone production machine
E) Film blow plastic machine

 All the above listed machineries are work automatically by the control of
PLC and Sensors. Generally the machineries of the company are latest and
modified machines.

2.3.1 Work flow of the machineries

The total amount of power required to run the full section the company is 180kw but
the transformer of the company has 120kw capacity and this deficiency of power
causes the company sections to run shift by shift. There are two sections in the
company.

These are:

 Treatment section
 Production section
Both sections cannot run simultaneously because of the insufficient electrical power
in the company, means the transformer that the company use is small rating. Therefor
the two sections are run shift by shift, when treatment section runs the production
section must stop and when the production section runs the treatment section stops.

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Generally the electrical work flow of the company is shown below:

EEPCO

Transformer

Panel board

Treatment Section

Three in Inspection Convey

One Machine or
Machine

Production Section

Film Blow Stretch Ozone Bottle Cup

plastic Blow Production Injection Injection
Machine Machine Machine Machine Machine

Figure 2: General electrical work flow of the company

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Transformer:

The transformer is probably one of the most useful electrical devices ever invented. It can
raise or lower the voltage or current in an ac circuit, it can isolate circuits from each other, and
it can increase or decrease the apparent value of a capacitor, an inductor, or a resistor.
Furthermore, the transformer enables us to transmit electrical energy over great distances and
to distribute it safely in factories and homes.
The transformer used by the company is a step down transformer with a rated capacity of
120kw, but the company needs 180kw to perform its full operation. However to overcome
this problem they use the machines in the production and treatment section shift by shift.
Panel board:

Panel board is a panel with electrical elements like circuit board, switch, contactors, relays,
circuit breakers, and soft starters, PLC, different BUS used to control and distribute the
electrical installation of the overall operation of the machineries.

Treatment section:

In the water treatment section the machineries are have latest technologies and simple for
workers to use. The machineries are work for 10 hour per day.

In this section the power coming from the transformer directly enters to the electrical
panel board in the section. Then the panel board distributes the electric flow
depending on the rating of the machineries.

The machineries in the treatment section are:

 Water treatment machineries

 Filling, Capping, and Packing Unit machineries

Three in one machine:

This machine have Filling, Capping, and Packing units. This machine has washing, filling
and capping functions.

The following are parts of the machine

 Rinser, Filler, and capper (with accessories)

 Light checking box
 Caps sterilizing cabinet

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 Shrink labeling machine

 Printer machine
 Conveyor with motor and extension
 Air compressor

Figure 3:Three in one machine

Inspection machine:

Conveyor: This machine is used to convey or to move the products to their final destination
and it longs about 50 meters.

Generally the process flow diagram of water treatment in the treatment section is:

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Process flow diagram of water treatment

Water Reservoir 1st Quartz Sand

2nd Sand Filter
Filter

Ultra filtration Security filter Precision filter

Pure water tank Ozone mixing

UV-Ray
tower

Inspection Three in one

Titanium filter
machine machine

Label shrinker
Water droplet drier Printer

Finished packaged purified Bag shrinker

mineral water

Figure 4:Flow diagram of water treatment plant

Production section:

The electrical work flow is the same with the treatment section. However the amount of
power consumed by this section is much more than that of treatment section.

In the production section the following electrical machines are found:

 PET stretch Blow Molding Unit machineries

 Film blow plastic machine

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PET stretch Blow Molding Unit

This unit has the following parts:

• Stretch blow moldings with two high pressure air compressor air receiving
tank
• Mold, ½ lit PET bottle
• Mold, 1 lit PET bottle
• Caps Production line
• Injection Machine
• Mold for caps
• Condenser

Figure5:Injection machine

Flow diagram of PET bottle production:

Injection
Drying the PET Plasticizing the molding the
PET Preform

Container
Stretch blow Optimizing the
molding the Preform
container Temperature

Figure 6:Flow diagram of PET bottle production

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Flow diagram of polypropylene (PP) bottle caps:

Plasticizing Injection
Drying the PP
the PP molding the
Cap

Slitting the Caps

Cap ejection

Figure 7: Flow diagram of polypropylene (PP) bottle caps production

Ozone production machine:

Ozone is unstable, colorless gas, a powerful oxidizer and a potent germicide. It has a
much higher disinfection potential than other disinfectants such as chlorine. Ozone is
used in the bottled water industry because it controls the growth of bacteria in water.
It is desirable

Figure 8: Ozone producing machine

Because it can do this without leaving a residual taste, such as you would find with
chlorine. The lower the total dissolved solids level, the higher the solubility of the
ozone.

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Film blow plastic machine:

This machine was used to make plastics needed for packaging of bottled water. This
machine have latest technologies and easy to control.

Figure 9: Film blow plastic machine

Machine Control and Protection

Machine control:

Machine controls range from electromagnetic relays and timers to computer driven solid state
devices. Computers not only control the process sequences, but also perform quality control
functions, real-time reject recognition, fault analysis, record keeping, and instant set up
procedures. Additionally, computer systems aid in the design and construction of the molds.

The company uses the latest machine control technologies such as plc, sensors, timers etc.

PLC:

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is a digital computer used for the automation of
various electro-mechanical processes in industries. These controllers are specially designed to
survive in harsh situations and shielded from heat, cold, dust, and moisture etc. PLC consists
of a microprocessor which is programmed using the computer language.

Figure 10: Plc model

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Figure 11:Injection machine with plc

Sensors:

Timer:

Timer is an electrical device which is used to control machineries or events by setting of

time. The company utilizes two kinds of timers the delay on and delay off timer.

Delay ON Timer:

A delay on timer is a timer which is used to turn-on a machine or an event by delaying of a

sated time. The company uses this timer on the air compressor machine, when the air
compressor receives low pressure signal then the air compressor runs after few second delay.

Delay OFF Timer:

This kind of delay is used to turnoff an event such as a machine by delaying of a sated time
by the user. The company uses this type of timer on the mixer machine, once the mixer
machine is turned-on and doing its function until the sated time finishes, then when the sated
time is finished it is turned off by itself.

Machine Protection:

Protection of electrical machine from electrical shocks is a fundamental task that an industrial
company’s should consider. MaiAyni Business Company uses circuit breaker, relays and fuse
for the protection of the machines.

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Relays:

Relays are devices that detect abnormal conditions in the electrical circuits by constantly
measuring the electrical quantities which are different under normal and abnormal conditions.

Circuit breaker:

A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an

electrical circuit from damage caused by over-current, typically resulting from an
overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to interrupt current flow after a fault is
detected. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit
breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

Figure 12: Circuit breaker

Fuse:

Fuse is an over-current protective device for opening a circuit by means of a conductor

designed to melt and break when an excessive current flows along it for a sufficient time. The
fuse comprises all the parts that form the complete device.

Production of PET-bottles

PET is the abbreviation for polyethylene terephthalate. It is a polyester (chain of individual

“ester”) which is formed by poly-condensation of two types of monomers called ethylene
glycol and purified terephthalic acid. PET is produced from either crude oil or natural gas

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Figure 13:PET

The manufacturing of bottles from PET primary granules is done by injection molding of
performs using standard types of injection molding machines. Injection molding is perhaps
the most common and important of all plastic processing processes. The process is extremely
versatile, and can produce very complex shaped parts, with the use of multi-sided molds.
Even parts with metal inserts can be produced. While injection molding dies are expensive to
produce, each die can be used to make tens of thousands of components at very rapid rate, so
that per-part cost is very low. Its work flow be:

 Performs are loaded into the hopper, which holds up to 3000 performs at a time.
 An elevator moves performs up to a gravity-based sorter, which aligns performs on a
conveyor.
 Performs are then aligned and loaded onto a chute, where they are gravity-fed into the
perform holders. Four performs simultaneously move through two parallel heat
tunnels, each with eight heat zones and two quartz heating elements.
 The performs move through the heat tunnels, where they are heated to the optimal
blowing temperature prior to entering the molds. A sensor at the end of the tunnels
monitors the perform temperature. If temperature has not reached the minimum preset

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temperature of approximately 194º F (90º C), the performs move through the molds
and are not blown.
 From the heaters, performs are loaded into the custom-designed molds where four
bottles are blown at a time. A pressurized liquid chiller keeps the mold temperature in
a controlled range to ensure that consistently high quality bottles are blown.

The simplest form of injection molding is shown in the schematic below.

Figure 14:PET-perform cavity

PET-bottle blowing process

Preform is preheated Open the mold and insert

The preform

Allow the bottle to cool for Blowing of air into

Solidification as desired preform

Open the mold and eject the

Component

Figure 15:PET-bottle blowing process

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2.4. Which work piece or work task you have been executing?
 Maintenance
 Work shop practices

2.4.1 Maintenance section

During my internship period in the company I observe and do some maintenance of the
electrical equipment.

For instance

 Maintenance on panel board

 Maintenance on PET preform cavity

2.4.2 Work shop practices

We made some work shop practices with my internship partners.

For instance:

 We made some practice on float switch

 About forward reverse connection of induction motor
 About delay on off timer
 About contactor

2.5. What procedure you have been using while performing your work task
While I work in the company I fellow the following procedure:-

Step 1: I arrive in the company on time

Step 2: I wear my work clothes properly.

Step 3: I communicate with the electrician

Step 4: We observe if there is some disorder or fault on the machines

2.6. How good you have been in performing your work task
Since this is my first time industrial experience there are things hard to do and to know in the
first few weeks for example, Knowing of all the materials takes its own time, How to use the

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equipment also its own difficulty, but generally through time I am familiar with everything in
the company, so when I am working my task it is not hard but if there is something I did not
know I ask questions to my supervisor and he answers my question properly. But generally
my adviser, my supervisor and the company workers are the answer.

2.7. Main challenges that faced you during Internship time

Challenge is something that everybody faces during his or her work time. MaiAyni
Business Company was one of an internship place we had been. So, in our internship
Company we had been faced so many challenges. These challenges were:

 The company did not have well-trained operators; as a result they did not give
as enough information related to the production process of the company.
 Having no an electrical engineer in the company; we had a lack of some
information’s related to our department.
 There had not been written data related to the overall activities of the
company; then this leads as not to do our report and project effectively.
 The company has no enough electric power to perform all the unit operations
at a time. This means there are unit operations that operate once per a month.
Then we did not have a full of concept related to these unit operations.

2.8. The measures you have taken to solve the challenges

The measures we had taken to solve the challenges we faced during our internship are;

 By inviting other internship companies like APF, and Walia liquor factories,
we had already known the operating principle of similar unit operations. These
companies had chemical engineer professionals; then by asking to these
engineers we got so many information related to the production process of our
internship company.
 By searching a Google and preparing questionaries’ we collect a full of data
related to the company.
 Asking the company chemist, we got some concepts related to the machineries
that work per a month.
 By inviting our internship company effectively, we tried to understand the
overall Production process of the company.

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CHAPTER THREE

3. BENEFITS I GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP

In the Internship program I have gained benefits which helped me to explore my skills,
qualities and abilities. Since it is my first practical experience everything done is new and
interesting to me. For something that takes inputs there is something in return, a benefit. In
our Internship too, there were some benefits those are gained accordingly. The benefits are:

 Practical skills
 Theoretical knowledge
 Interpersonal communication skills
 Team playing skills
 Leadership skills
 Work ethics related issues
 Entrepreneurship skills

3.1. In terms of Improving Practical Skills

From the Internship program I had gained a lot of advantages in applying my
Theoretical knowledge into practical skill. Hence, I had developed an experience to do
anything in my field of study. When we say Internship the main objective was to
improve practical skills; before we had theoretical knowledge about:-

 PLC

 Circuit Breaker

 Transformers

 Sensors

 Motors and Generators

 Many types of switch s

 Generally most of electrical materials.

I had gained practical skills about all of the above, since I had been participated in all
sections of the company.

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3.2. In terms of Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge

The knowledge about the electrical engineering I got in class goes deeper and deeper
when I do it practically saw. Now my knowledge is combined with practical
experiences. As a student I might forgot the theories I study for an examination; but
now it is printed in my mind that I could not forget it. This Internship program help to
be a perfect professional that could change myself, my carrier and the enterprise I
could be employed.

3.3. In terms of Improving Interpersonal Communication Skill

In the company I was working with the professional staffs as well as non-professional
employees. During this time I had a good communication both my superiors and juniors. I
learn how a superiors give an order to their subordinates. And the subordinates respect the
order of their superior. When I have doubts about the work I used to task explanation from
the experienced workers and senior professionals. So I learn Interpersonal communication is
vital to any work particularly construction works. The most important interpersonal
communication skills I learned therefore are:-
 Good personal behavior;
 Respect others;
 Respect the orders of the superior;
 Persuade others;
 Improve personal relationships with other workers

3.4. In Terms Of Improving Team Playing Skill

The most important point in team playing skill was just reached an agreement from
different points on the work to be done. Furthermore, to have a common
understanding on the task was about to be accomplished. Always we focus on the
team work carefully and improve our team work skill. Team work, especially for
engineers, is a key point for solving specific problems on a given task. When chemists
share their idea to solve the problem created in the laboratory analysis and shift
Engineers, supervisors and operators exchange their idea when suddenly problem was
happened. During this a group works to solve a specific problem, we improve our
team playing skill.

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3.5. In terms of Improving Leadership Skill

Leadership is never easy, but every one of us had been the potential to be a leader
every day. In the Factory, we got a good understanding of leadership by observing
every bit of the leaders, starting from the senior operators to the general manager. So
we gained plenty of experience from them on how to handle workers, how to order,
how to control and manage works done in each section, and etc.

3.6. In terms of Understanding about Work Ethics

Work ethics is a generally accepted guideline for right and wrong behavior in work
place and it involves several principles related to effective work habit and personal
qualities. The work ethics that a company requires from its workers were ;

 Honesty;
 Hard working;
 Reasonableness;
 Transparency;
 Truthfulness and punctuality;
 Being responsible and accountable for everything you do.

3.7. In terms of entrepreneurship skill

Participating in an Internship helps me to improve my entrepreneurship skill.

Some benefits includes:

 How a business is running and managing;

 How a Industrial company is organized;
 How organize and control resources to ensure the profit for my business ;
 The challenges and success of a Industrial company;
 What types of machines and professional that Industrial company had;
 To gain a better perspective of employment after my graduation.
 The creativity and problem solving is one of the starting points of entrepreneurs.
This Internship motivates me to work hard because it enables me to know more about
my career, the real challenges, and the business establishments in this profession.

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. Conclusion and recommendation

4.1 Conclusion
Generally, this is great opportunity for me so far to have experience and to work with
technicians and operators of the company and other who works in the company.

The internship program has been helpful experience in exposing myself into the real
engineering work. It helped me to solve the real challenges by the theoretical knowledge I
have already gained.

As undergraduate student, I grasp the basic principles and theories of electrical and computer
engineering in my last four years of studying in Adigrat University in the electrical
engineering department. But this theoretical knowledge is not enough to being a qualified
electrical engineer at the time of graduation. Knowing the practical work and the real
situation beside the theoretical knowledge in time of studying makes someone experienced in
practical and theoretical knowledge at the time of graduation. This is why the university
needs its students to have an Internship program before graduation.
MaiAyni Business Company is a private limited company which produces a purified mineral
water located in the eastern Tigray Adigrat town. The company uses a modern machineries
and technologies for the water treatment and producing of raw materials. Such machineries
are the ozone production machine, injection machine .and many types of sensors,
compressors. There are many types of raw materials and inputs in MaiAyni bottled Water
Company; these are: PET (Polyethylene terephthalate, Chlorine, HDPE and LDPE (High and
low density polyethylene), Ground water (spring water) which is the main source of water
needed for treatment, Master bunch, Hydrogen peroxide chemical, and Citric acid.
MaiAyni business Company mainly produces a purified packed mineral water. In
addition to that, the company produces plastics for packaging purposes. The general
filtration process of the company includes: reservoir tank, 1st sand filter, 2nd sand
filter, precision filter, security filter, ultra-filter, UV- ray, pure water tank, ozone
mixing tower, and titanium filter. After filtration is done, purified water is fed to three
in one machine where the bottles are washed, filled, and capped. The customer of the
company includes All Governmental, Non-governmental organizations of Tigray and
other regions. Technology of MaiAyni Business Company includes process

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production of the company and source of the technology used by the company.
Challenge is something that everybody faces during his or her work time. MaiAyni
packed Water Company has two main categories of management structure to pave the
overall activities inside the factory. Material and energy balance in the company is
done based on the amount of substance and energy enters and leaves from each
production process equipment’s. The overall plant efficiency of MaiAyni purified
mineral water factory is about 75 percent. During internship we gained so many
benefits in terms of improving practical skills, upgrading theoretical knowledge
improving interpersonal communication skill, improving team playing skill,
improving leader ship skill, understanding about work ethics, and entrepreneurship
skill. In water factories the treatment process is most of the time free from different
contaminants that are released to the environment from each filter.

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4.2. RECOMMENDATION
MayAyni business Company is one of the famous companies in Ethiopia which targets for
quality of works and to the satisfaction of its clients. During the four months of internship; I
have an appreciations in all respect. So I recommend that it has to continue with its strong
points.
There are some points that to my Knowledge should be corrected. These are:-
 The company has not an engineer professional. So it must have an engineer to
increase the efficiency of the production process of the company.
 The company have not any backup generator in case power is lost, so there
must be a backup generator to work without disruption and waste of time.
 The company quality department is not open to tell us with the problems
related to the company; which means that, the department hid as with quality
related production process.
 The road to the company is not comfortable so, the company should consider
it.
 Main customers of the company are western region of Tigray. Because the
company purified water is hard to drink to other zones of Tigray. So, to
increase its customers it must install reverse osmosis filter to reduce the
mineral constituents of purified water.

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REFERENCE
 Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin & Charles W. Dolan Design of Concrete Structures.
Fourteenth edition, 2010 pp. 28-31
 Shire building and design construction manual
 Kirby,R(1932. The early years of modern civil engineering USA
 Design of reinforced concre, Mccomac J (2006)
 Websites <https://constructionproxy.com>

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APENDEX
• Segeto” ………………………steel saw
• “Perayo” ……………someone who works with reinforcement
• “Grilla” ………………reinforcement used for the placement of footing
• “Fondo” ………………bottom soffit: used as a form work for beam and slab at the
bottom
• “Esponda” ……………side board: used as form work for beams and slabs on
vertical sides
• “Mekesecha” …brace: supports a vertical side form work of beam, and column panel
diagonally
• “Staffa” ……………………stirrup: shear resistant bar of the column, beams, and
shear walls
• “Tumby” …………………plumb bob: it is used to check the perpendicularity of
columns
• “Kebeleto” ………scaffolding: used as a support of form work of slab and beam at
bottom
• “Modino” ……………………….profile: used for setting out works
• “Sebago”……………..string: used to maintain alignments
• “Cravat” ………………………..yoke: used to fix the form works together in their
position.

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