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(IJAER) 2014, Vol. No. 8, Issue No. III, Sep ISSN: 2231-5152

RFID BASED RAILWAY TICKET BOOKING SYSTEM

WITH MOBILE BASED ARCHITECTURE
*J.Nagalakshmi, **J.V.V. Priya darsini
*Department of Electronics and Communication
Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and Sciences, Vadlamudi, India
[email protected]
**Department of Electronics and Communication
Vignan’s Lara Institute of Technology and sciences, Vadlamudi, India
[email protected]

ABSTRACT

In this project, This research paper is based on the concept of automatic ticket vending machine by using
RFID and Zigbee technique. In order to ensure the passenger journey with no quarrels and mesh we
employ this ticket friend solution that replaces the traditional paper ticketing by RFID tickets and
vouchers, vended through automated machine using smart cards, which improves the convenience and
security of transaction. Ticket friend solution through automated machine enables the passenger to
predetermine the transport details. In this automated system we replace the traditional ticket system by
smart card that contains all details of the user including bank account information. This is similar to the
atm card. This automatic ticket vending machine consists of display which shows the availability of trains
for all destinations. The person can find out the destination place by pressing the buttons available on
that machine with the help of zigbee. If the location is selected then the availability of trains along with
the time is displayed. If the people confirm to go in certain train, by using smart card the person can
receive the tickets employing RFID technique and by showing the ticket in front of the train the door
opens automatically and after some predetermined seconds it gets closed

Keywords— RFID, GSM, ARM.

INTRODUCTION
This paper presents an introduction to if any passenger is travelling without any ticket. Railway
ticket booking through RFID is better than other technologies.Globalsystemfor mobile
communication (GSM) modules and latest high speed Microcontrollers to achieve the desired
results. Thus, we have built our system using RFID transponders and readers. The advantage of
RFID is that it is a cost effective system which will provide uninterrupted communication in our
network even in bad weather conditions.

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International Journal of Advances in Engineering Research http://www.ijaer.com

(IJAER) 2014, Vol. No. 8, Issue No. III, Sep ISSN: 2231-5152

BLOCKDIAGRAM AND OVERVIEW

Fig. 1.Block Diagram

CARD SECTION

Fig. 2. Card Section

A. RFID READERS

High frequency RFID readers are installed above the roads prior to every traffic light system
in all directions in such a manner that the entire area comes under the range of RFID reader.

B. ARM7 HARDWARE
The ARM7 family includes the ARM7TDMI, ARM7TDMI-S, ARM720T and
ARM7EJ-S processors. The ARM7TDMI core is the industry’s most widely used 32-bit
embedded RISC microprocessor solution. Optimized for cost and power-sensitive applications,
the ARM7TDMI solution provides the low power consumption, small size, and high
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International Journal of Advances in Engineering Research http://www.ijaer.com

(IJAER) 2014, Vol. No. 8, Issue No. III, Sep ISSN: 2231-5152

performance needed in portable, embedded applications. The ARM7TDMI core uses a three-
stage pipeline to increase the flow of instructions to the processor. This allows multiple
simultaneous operations to take place and continuous operation of the processing and memory
systems. The ARM7TDMI core has seven modes of operation:

 User mode is the usual program execution state

 Interrupt (IRQ) mode is used for general purpose interrupt handling
 Supervisor mode is a protected mode for the operating system
 Abort mode is entered after a data or instruction pre fetch abort
 System mode is a privileged user mode for the operating system
 Undefined mode is entered when an undefined instruction is executed.
The interrupt setting of ARM supports the DHLS to response to the interrupt coming from the
server section.

UART communication
Serial data communication uses two methods, asynchronous and synchronous. The
synchronous method transfers a block of data (characters) at a time while the asynchronous
transfers a single byte at a time. It is possible to write software to use either of these methods, but
the programs can be tedious and long. For this reason, there are special IC chips made by many
manufacturers for serial data transfer communications. These chips are commonly referred to as
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) and USART (Universal Synchronous-
Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter). The ARM chip has a built-in UART.

Data transfer rate

The rate of data transfer in serial data communication is stated in bps (bits per second).
Another widely used terminology for bps is baud rate. The baud rate used in this DHLS for data
transmission is 9600.

RS232 standards

RS232 is the most widely used serial I/O interfacing standard. This standard is used in
PCs and numerous types of equipment. However, since the standard was set long before the
advent of the TTL logic family, its input and output voltage levels are not TTL compatible. In
RS232, a 1 is represented by -3 to -25V, while a 0 bit is +3 to +25V, making -3 to +3 undefined.
For this reason, to connect any RS232 to a microcontroller system we must use voltage
converters such as MAX232 to convert the TTL logic levels to the RS232 voltage level, and vice
versa. MAX232 IC chips are commonly referred to as line drivers.

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Transmitting and receiving

Full duplex or simultaneous two-way

Operation is not possible with these modules. If transmit and receive module are in close
proximity and data is sent to a remote receive module while attempting to simultaneously receive
data from a remote transmit module, the receiver will be overloaded by its close proximity
transmitter. This will happen even if encoders and decoders are used with different address
settings for each transmitter and receiver pair. If two way communications is required, only half
duplex operation is allowed.

Max232:

MAX232 is compatible with RS-232 standard, have dual transceiver. Each receiver
converts TIA/EIA-232-E levels into TTL/CMOS levels. Each driver converts TTL/CMOS levels
into TIA/EIA-232-E levels. The MAX3232 is characterized for operation from -40°C to +85°C
for all packages.MAX3232 is purposed for application in high-performance information
processing systems and control devices of wide application.

.C. LCD DISPLAY

LCD MODULE (2X 16 CHARACTERS)Dot matrix LCD modules is used for display
the parameters and fault condition.16 characters 2 lines display is used. It has controller which
interface data’s and LCD panel. Liquid crystal displays (LCD’s) have materials, which combine
the properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they have a
temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as they would be in a liquid,
but are grouped together in an ordered form similar to a crystal.
One each polarizer’s are pasted outside the two glass panels. These polarizer’s would rotate the
light rays passing through them to a definite angle, in a particular direction When the LCD is in
the off state, light rays are rotated by the two polarizes and the liquid crystal, such that the light
rays come out of the LCD without any orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent.
When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules would be
aligned on a specific direction. The light rays passing through the LCD would be rotated by the
polarizes, which would result inactivating /highlighting the desired characters.

Fig. 3. LCD Diagram

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The LCD's are lightweight with only a few millimeters thickness. since the LCD's consume less
power, they are compatible with low power electronic circuits, and can be powered for long
durations .The LCD's don't generate light is needed to read the display. By using backlighting,
reading is possible in the dark .The LCD's have long life and a wide operating temperature range.
One of the most popular output devices for embedded electronics is LCD. The LCD interface has
become very simple. This is due to the availability modules for LCDs. The LCD along with
necessary controller (LCD Controller) and mounting facility is made available in the module
itself. The LCD controller takes care of everything necessary for the LCD. We communicate
with the LCD controller with the help of a command set provided by the manufacturer.

D. GSM NETWORK:

Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for
digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982
to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for
a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz.

THE GSM NETWORK:

GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the
functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for
this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to
buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems:
the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system
(OSS). The basic GSM network elements are shown in below figure

A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network. A
wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-
up modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends
and receives data through radio waves.

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(IJAER) 2014, Vol. No. 8, Issue No. III, Sep ISSN: 2231-5152

A GSM modem can be an external device or a PC Card / PCMCIA Card. Typically, an

external GSM modem is connected to a computer through a serial cable or a USB cable. A GSM
modem in the form of a PC Card / PCMCIA Card is designed for use with a laptop computer. It
should be inserted into one of the PC Card / PCMCIA Card slots of a laptop computer. Like a
GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to
operate.
As mentioned in earlier sections of this SMS tutorial, computers use AT commands to
control modems. Both GSM modems and dial-up modems support a common set of standard AT
commands. You can use a GSM modem just like a dial-up modem.
In addition to the standard AT commands, GSM modems support an extended set of AT
commands. These extended AT commands are defined in the GSM standards. With the extended
AT commands, you can do things like:

 Reading, writing and deleting SMS messages.

 Sending SMS messages.
 Monitoring the signal strength.

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTION

In our prototype implementation we have used ARM7 microcontroller along with low
frequency RFID reader (125 kHz).LCD is interfaced with the microcontroller to display the
category of the places from which place to which place. The RFID readers read the information
from the tag; this information is fed into the microcontroller unit for the further processing.

RESULT AND CONCLUSION

This paper presents an introduction to if any passenger is travelling without any ticket. IR
sensors are used to count the number of persons entering in to train. Each passenger has to be
show his/her ticket (RFID) while entering in to train. Controller calculates how many persons are
entering in to train having with and without tickets. Person count, who doesn’t take tickets, will
be sent to internal ticket vending machine. One key pad is provided with Ticket vending
machine. Passenger can buy a ticket inside the train by using this machine. Our machine waits
for predefined time. After citrine delay, if each and every person having tickets; our machine just
ignores it, if it detects any ticket less person automatically message will be forwarded to
corresponding T.C with that bogie information and If the person is supposed to consume alcohol
that is detected with the help of alcohol sensor and that person is not permitted inside the train.

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