EPOCH LTC RevD PDF

EPOCH LTC
Ultrasonic Flaw Detector

User’s Manual
910-266-EN — Revision D
June 2011
In accordance with European Directive 2002/96/EC on Waste Electrical and Electronic
Equipment, this symbol indicates that the product must not be disposed of as unsorted
municipal waste, but should be collected separately. Refer to your local Olympus NDT
distributor for return and/or collection systems available in your country.
Olympus NDT, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
© 2007, 2011 Olympus NDT, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced, translated, or distributed without the express written permission of
Olympus NDT, Inc.
This document was prepared with particular attention to usage to ensure the accuracy
of the information contained therein. It corresponds to the version of the product
manufactured prior to the date appearing on the title page. There could, however, be
some differences between the manual and the product if the product was modified
thereafter.
The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.
Part number: 910-266-EN

Revision D
June 2011
Printed in the United States of America.
All brands are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners and
third party entities.
Warranty
The EPOCH LTC Ultrasonic Flaw Detector has been designed and manufactured as a high
quality product. Inspect materials thoroughly on receipt for evidence of external or internal
damage that may have occurred during shipment. Notify the carrier making the delivery
immediately of any damage, since the carrier is normally liable for damage in shipment.
Preserve packing materials, waybills, and other shipping documentation in order to establish
damage claims. After notifying the carrier, contact Olympus NDT so that we may assist in the
damage claims, and provide replacement equipment, if necessary.
Olympus NDT guarantees EPOCH LTC to be free from defects in materials and workmanship
for a period of one year (twelve months) from date of shipment. This warranty only covers
equipment that has been used in a proper manner as described in this instruction manual and
has not been subjected to excessive abuse, attempted unauthorized repair, or modification.
DURING THIS WARRANTY PERIOD, Olympus NDT LIABILITY IS STRICTLY
LIMITED TO REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF A DEFECTIVE UNIT AT ITS OPTION.
Olympus NDT does not warrant EPOCH LTC to be suitable of intended use, or fitness for any
particular application or purpose. Olympus NDT accepts no liability for consequential or
incidental damages including damage to property and/or personal injury. In addition to our
standard one year warranty, Olympus NDT also offers an optional two year warranty (call for
further details).
The customer will pay shipping expense to the Olympus NDT plant; Olympus NDT will pay
for the return. For EPOCH LTC not under warranty, the customer will pay shipping expenses
both ways.
In this manual, we have attempted to teach the proper operation of EPOCH LTC consistent
with accepted flaw detection techniques. We believe the procedures and examples given are
accurate. However, the information contained herein is intended solely as a teaching aid and
should not be used in any particular application without independent testing and/or verification
by the operator or the supervisor. Such independent verification of procedures becomes more
important as the criticality of the application increases.
Warranty iii
For these reasons, we make no warranty, expressed or implied, that the techniques, examples,
or procedures described herein are consistent with industry standards nor that they will meet
the requirements of any particular application. Olympus NDT expressly disclaims all implied
warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any particular application.
Olympus NDT reserves the right to modify all products without incurring the responsibility for
modifying previously manufactured products. Olympus NDT does not assume any liability for
the results of particular installations, as these circumstances are not within our control.
THE WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND ARE IN LIEU OF
ALL OTHER WARRANTIES WHETHER STATUTORY, EXPRESS, OR IMPLIED
(INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE OF DEALING
OR USAGE OR TRADE).
iv Warranty
Table of Contents
Warranty ............................................................................................................. iii
Table of Contents ................................................................................................. v
1. Preface ............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Product Description ........................................................................................................... 1
1.2 About This Document ....................................................................................................... 2
1.3 Audience ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 Special Notices and Typographical Conventions .............................................................. 3
1.5 If You Have Documentation Comments ........................................................................... 4
1.6 Revision History ................................................................................................................ 4
1.7 Technical Help ................................................................................................................... 5
1.8 Product Usage ................................................................................................................... 5
2. EPOCH LTC Physical Features ................................................................... 7

2.1 Instrument Drawings ......................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Transducer Connections .................................................................................................. 10
2.3 Battery Door and Compartment ...................................................................................... 10
2.4 Office Connection Door .................................................................................................. 10
2.5 O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals ............................................................................ 11
2.6 Display Protection ........................................................................................................... 11
2.7 Environmental Ratings .................................................................................................... 11
2.8 Optional Rubber Protective Case and Stand ................................................................... 12
2.9 Instrument Cleaning ........................................................................................................ 12
3. Powering the EPOCH LTC ......................................................................... 13

3.1 Using AC Line Power ..................................................................................................... 13
3.2 Using Battery Power ....................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Operating Time for the Battery ....................................................................................... 14
Table of Contents v
3.4 Charging the Battery ........................................................................................................ 15
4. Managing Basic Operations ........................................................................ 17

4.1 Powering Up .................................................................................................................... 17
4.2 Transducer Cable Connection ......................................................................................... 17
4.3 EPOCH LTC Keypad ...................................................................................................... 18
4.3.1 Adjustment Using Enter and Slewing Keys ......................................................... 19
4.3.2 Direct Access Adjustment Using Parameter and F Keys ..................................... 19
4.4 Summarizing Keypad Functions ..................................................................................... 19
4.5 Display Arrangement ....................................................................................................... 24
4.5.1 Split-Screen Display Setup Mode ......................................................................... 25
4.5.2 Tabbed Setup Menu Functions ............................................................................. 26
4.5.3 Full-Screen Display with Measurements .............................................................. 27
4.5.4 Large A-scan Display Mode ................................................................................. 28
4.5.5 Display Flags and Markers ................................................................................... 29
4.6 System Menu ................................................................................................................... 30
4.6.1 MEAS Tab ............................................................................................................ 31
4.6.2 GATES Tab ........................................................................................................... 35
4.6.3 A-SCAN Tab ........................................................................................................ 38
4.6.4 DAC/TVG Tab ...................................................................................................... 39
4.6.5 DGS/AVG Tab ...................................................................................................... 39
4.6.6 GENERAL Tab ..................................................................................................... 40
4.6.7 CLOCK Tab .......................................................................................................... 41
4.6.8 STATUS Tab ......................................................................................................... 42
4.6.9 Editable Parameters (EDITPAR) Tab ................................................................... 42
4.6.10 OPTIONS Tab ...................................................................................................... 43
4.6.11 RESETS Tab ......................................................................................................... 44
4.6.12 SW DIAG Tab (Diagnostics) ................................................................................ 45
5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver .................................................................... 47

5.1 Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain) ......................................................................... 47
5.2 Using the AUTO–XX% Feature ..................................................................................... 48
5.3 Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain .................................................................... 49
5.4 Pulser Adjustment ........................................................................................................... 49
5.4.1 Manual Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Option .............................................. 50
5.4.2 Pulser Frequency Selection (Pulse Width) ........................................................... 50
5.4.3 Pulse Energy ......................................................................................................... 51
5.4.4 Damping ............................................................................................................... 51
5.4.5 Test Mode ............................................................................................................. 52
5.5 Receiver Adjustment ....................................................................................................... 52
5.5.1 Digital Filters ........................................................................................................ 53
vi Table of Contents
5.5.2 Waveform Rectification ........................................................................................ 53
5.5.3 Reject .................................................................................................................... 54
6. Managing Special Waveform Functions .................................................... 55

6.1 Peak Memory .................................................................................................................. 55
6.2 Display Freeze ................................................................................................................. 57
7. Gates .............................................................................................................. 59
7.1 Activating gate 2 ............................................................................................................. 59
7.2 Positioning Gates 1 and 2 ................................................................................................ 61
7.3 Gate Measurement Modes ............................................................................................... 61
7.4 Taking Thickness Readings ............................................................................................. 61
7.5 Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings ...................................................................... 62
7.6 Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer ........................................................... 62
7.7 Measuring Signal Amplitude .......................................................................................... 63
7.8 Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode .................................................................................. 64
7.9 Using the Zoom Feature .................................................................................................. 64
7.10 Gate Alarms .................................................................................................................... 65
7.10.1 Threshold Alarms ................................................................................................. 65
7.10.2 Minimum-Depth Alarm ........................................................................................ 66
7.10.3 Minimum Depth Alarm with a Single Gate ......................................................... 66
7.10.4 Minimum-Depth Alarm with gate 2 Tracking ..................................................... 66
7.10.5 Alarm-Condition Storage ..................................................................................... 67
8. Calibrating the EPOCH LTC ..................................................................... 69

8.1 Getting Started ................................................................................................................. 70
8.2 Calibrating with a Straight-Beam Transducer ................................................................. 71
8.3 Calibration with a Delay-Line Transducer ...................................................................... 74
8.4 Calibration with a Dual-Element Transducer .................................................................. 78
8.5 Calibrating with an Angle-Beam Transducer .................................................................. 83
8.5.1 Locating the Beam Index Point (BIP) .................................................................. 84
8.5.2 Verifying the Refracted Angle (Beta) ................................................................... 85
8.5.3 Calibrating for Distance ....................................................................................... 86
8.5.4 Calibrating for Sensitivity .................................................................................... 89
9. Managing the Instrument Datalogger ........................................................ 91

9.1 Datalogger Storage Capacity ........................................................................................... 92
9.2 Datalogger Menu ............................................................................................................. 92
9.2.1 Creating Data Files ............................................................................................... 93
9.2.2 Data File Types ..................................................................................................... 94
9.2.3 Opening Data Files ............................................................................................... 97
Table of Contents vii

9.2.4 Saving to Data Files .............................................................................................. 99
9.2.5 File Review ........................................................................................................... 99
9.2.6 Recalling Instrument Setups (Calibrations) ........................................................ 102
10. Software Features and Options ................................................................ 105

10.1 Defining Licensed/Unlicensed Options ........................................................................ 105
10.2 Dynamic DAC/TVG ..................................................................................................... 106
10.2.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 106
10.2.2 Option Activation and Reference Correct .......................................................... 107
10.2.3 ASME & ASME III DAC/TVG ......................................................................... 108
10.2.4 ASME III DAC Setup Example ......................................................................... 108
10.2.5 Gain Adjustment Options ................................................................................... 109
10.2.6 Curve Adjustment Gain (DAC Gain or TVG Gain) ........................................... 110
10.2.7 Transfer Correction ............................................................................................. 110
10.2.8 JIS DAC .............................................................................................................. 110
10.2.9 Custom DAC Curves Option .............................................................................. 111
10.3 DGS/AVG ..................................................................................................................... 111
10.3.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 111
10.3.2 Option Activation ............................................................................................... 112
10.3.3 Relative Attenuation Measurement .................................................................... 115
Appendix A: Sound Velocities ......................................................................... 117
Appendix B: Glossary ...................................................................................... 121
Appendix C: Parts List .................................................................................... 131
List of Figures ................................................................................................... 133
List of Tables ..................................................................................................... 135
Index .................................................................................................................. 137
viii Table of Contents

1. Preface
The preface contains the following topics:
• “Product Description”
• “About This Document”
• “Audience”
• “Special Notices and Typographical Conventions”
• “If You Have Documentation Comments”
• “Revision History”
• “Technical Help”
• “Product Usage”
1.1 Product Description
The EPOCH LTC is a portable ultrasonic non-destructive test (NDT) instrument used to detect
flaw conditions in welds, pipes, and many other structural materials. It may be used with a
variety of ultrasonic transducers in indoor and outdoor environments. This flaw detector offers
excellent ultrasonic performance, large dynamic range, superior measurement resolution, a full
VGA resolution (640 x 480 pixels) color-liquid crystal display with transflective technology
for superior visibility, and a simplified user interface. Based on the high-performance
EPOCH XT platform, the EPOCH LTC offers many performance, durability, and operational
enhancements when compared to previous generation EPOCH Flaw Detectors. Enhancements
include:
• Case sealed to IP67 to assure environmental durability

• Color liquid crystal display (LCD) with full VGA resolution and transflective technology
• Compliance with EN12668-1
• A 100 % digital, high dynamic-range receiver design
Preface 1
• Digital filters: standard, broadband, and high-pass filters for application flexibility
• Four customizable measurement-display locations for time and amplitude measurements
• Coarse and fine parameter adjustments with the slewing keys
• Large datalogger for instrument setups (calibrations) and inspection data
• USB on-the-go port for communication with PCs, direct printing, and USB drive storage
• Mini SD port for storage of inspection data on a removable mini SD card
• VGA output compatible with large monitors and projectors
We suggest reading through the information completely at least once with your EPOCH LTC
in hand so that you can combine reading the descriptions and examples with the actual use of
the instrument.
The Technical Specification (920-121-EN) for the EPOCH LTC flaw detector is available
online at: http://www.olympusndt.com/data/File/Epoch_LTC/Epoch_LTC.en.pdf.
1.2 About This Document
This document is the user’s manual for the EPOCH LTC. This manual describes routine tasks
for operating the EPOCH LTC. These tasks include:
• Operating the power supply

• Managing basic operations
• Adjusting the pulser receiver
• Managing special waveform functions
• Using the gates
• Calibrating the EPOCH LTC
• Managing the datalogger and data communication features
• Using software options
1.3 Audience
This document is intended for operators of the EPOCH LTC. Olympus NDT recommends that
all operators have a thorough understanding of the principles and limitations of ultrasonic
testing. We assume no responsibility for incorrect operational procedure or interpretation of
test results. We recommend that all operators seek adequate training prior to using this
equipment.
2 Chapter 1
While the EPOCH LTC is a continuously self-calibrating instrument, the user must determine
regulatory requirements. Olympus NDT offers calibration and documentation services.
Contact Olympus NDT or your local representative with any special requests.
1.4 Special Notices and Typographical Conventions
Special notices employed in this document are shown below.

.
WARNING
The warning sign denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure, practice, or the like,
which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in personal injury.
WARNING
Hazardous high-voltage. This information indicates danger of possible electric shock
hazard higher than 1000 volts.
CAUTION
This information indicates that equipment damage can occur.
Note: This information provides explanatory information.
Tip: This information provides helpful guidelines for easy operation.
Preface 3
Typographical conventions employed in this document are shown below.
Convention Description
Bold Used for textual parts of graphical user

interface, including menu items, buttons,
toolbar names, modes, options, and tabs.
Italics Used for document titles.
[BOLD] Used for keys on the instrument keypad.
[2ND F], [BOLD] (BOLD) Used for the second functions (indicated
above the keys on the keypad).
<Italics> (Angle Brackets) With italics text, used for variable data.
1.5 If You Have Documentation Comments
Olympus NDT is always interested in improving its documentation. We value your comments
about this manual and other Olympus NDT documentation.
Complete the survey at the back of this manual and send your documentation comments to
Olympus NDT by using one of the following methods:
• Send comments to Olympus NDT. Attention: Technical Publications

• Contact us at: [email protected].
In all your correspondence, please include the title of the document, its part number, release
date, and the specific section on which you are commenting.
1.6 Revision History
Publication dates are updated when a change is made to the document. In addition, the
document version is also changed to reflect the revision. Table 1 on page 5 shows a list of
revisions for this document.
4 Chapter 1
Table 1 Revision History
Date Part Number Release Version
October 2007 910-266-EN Version A
November 2007 910-266-EN Version B
December 2007 910-266-EN Version C
June 2011 910-266-EN Version D
1.7 Technical Help
For technical assistance, please contact Olympus NDT. A list of our service locations with full
contact information is available online at: http://www.olympusndt.com/en/service-and-
support/service -centers/.
1.8 Product Usage
If the EPOCH LTC is used in a manner that is not in accordance with the instructions in this
manual, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
Preface 5
6 Chapter 1
2. EPOCH LTC Physical Features
The EPOCH LTC has many physical features that are either completely new or improved
compared to previous EPOCH Flaw Detectors. It is important for the operator to be familiar
with the use and maintenance of these items.
This section covers the following topics:
• “Instrument Drawings”
• “Transducer Connections”
• “Battery Door and Compartment”
• “Office Connection Door”
• “O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals”
• “Display Protection”
• “Environmental Ratings”
• “Optional Rubber Protective Case and Stand”
• “Instrument Cleaning”
EPOCH LTC Physical Features 7

2.1 Instrument Drawings
AC adaptor plug
Display window
Handstrap mounts Handstrap mounts
Keypad I/O door
AC adaptor plug
Handstrap mount
Battery door
I/O door Thumb screws
Figure 2-1 EPOCH LTC Front and Right-Side Views
8 Chapter 2
Handstrap mount Handstrap mount
AC adaptor plug Transducer connectors
AC adaptor plug
Handstrap mounts Handstrap mounts
Thumb screws Thumb screws
Battery door
Membrane vent
Figure 2-2 EPOCH LTC Top and Rear Views

2.2 Transducer Connections
The EPOCH LTC is supplied with sealed LEMO 00 transducer connectors. BNC and large
LEMO 1 transducer connections are not available due to the size of the instrument’s enclosure.
Adaptors to these common connection types are available from Olympus NDT.
2.3 Battery Door and Compartment
The EPOCH LTC battery door allows the operator quick access to the battery compartment
without the need for tools. Four thumb screws on the battery door secure it to the instrument
case and assure that the compartment is sealed.
The battery door also has a small hole in the bottom center area that is covered on the inside by
an environmentally sealed membrane vent. This vent is a safety feature that is required in the
event that the instrument battery fails and emits gas. This vent must not be punctured.
The EPOCH LTC accepts multiple battery types. The main battery is a rechargeable Lithium
Ion pack (PN: EPLTC-BAT-L) that may be charged inside the instrument or on the optional
external charging base (PN: EPXT-EC). The EPOCH LTC also comes with an auxiliary battery
tray (PN: EPLTC-BAT-AA) that accepts five AA size cells. Operators may use Lithium Iron
Disulfide, nickel metal hydride, or alkaline AA cells in this auxiliary battery tray. The auxiliary
battery tray cannot be recharged in the EPOCH LTC.
2.4 Office Connection Door
On the lower-right side of the EPOCH LTC, a door covers the instrument’s office type
connections. The door has an integral membrane seal to keep liquids away from the unsealed
connections behind the door. These connections are: USB on-the-go port, mini SD card slot,
and VGA/RS-232 output.
The office connection door is held in place by two thumb screws. The operator may use a coin
or a screwdriver to manipulate these thumb screws as needed.
10 Chapter 2
2.5 O-Ring, Gasket, and Membrane Seals
The EPOCH LTC contains seals that are used to protect the instrument’s internal hardware
from the environment. These include:
• Battery door seal

• Office connection door seal
• Membrane vent
• The main O-ring seal between the top and bottom halves of the case
These seals must be maintained to assure environmental durability. Instrument seals are
evaluated and replaced as needed during the instrument’s annual calibration. This should be
performed by an authorized Olympus NDT service center.
2.6 Display Protection
EPOCH LTC instruments include a clear plastic sheet protecting the instrument display
window. It is advised that the operator leave this sheet in place. Replacements are available in
packages of ten with part number EPLTC-DP.
The display window in the EPOCH LTC is permanently bonded to the upper half of the
instrument case to fully seal the instrument. If the display window becomes damaged, the
entire upper half of the case must be replaced along with the instrument keypad.
2.7 Environmental Ratings
The EPOCH LTC has been designed to provide customers with an extremely rugged and
durable instrument that may be used in harsh environments. To classify the instrument’s
durability in wet or damp environments, Olympus NDT has adopted the IP (Ingress Protection)
system to rate how well the instrument is sealed.
The EPOCH LTC has been tested to the requirements of IP67. All instruments are designed to
meet this level of ingress protection when they leave the factory. To maintain this level of
protection, the operator is responsible for the proper care of all routinely exposed membrane
seals. Additionally, the operator is responsible for returning the instrument to an authorized
Olympus NDT service center each year to ensure that the instrument seals are properly
maintained. Olympus NDT cannot guarantee any level of ingress protection performance once
the instrument seals have been manipulated. The operator must use sound judgment and take
proper precautions before exposing the instrument to harsh environments.

The EPOCH LTC adheres to the following environmental standards:
• Approved for Explosive Atmosphere per MIL-STD-810F, Procedure 1, NFPA 70E,

Section 500, Class 1, Div. 2, Group D
• Shock tested per IEC 60068-2-27, 60 g, 6 msec H.S., 3 axes, 18 total
• Vibration Tested - Sine Vibration per IEC 60068-2-6, 50-150 Hz@ .03” DA or 2 g,
20 sweep cycles
• Wide operating temperature range:
— Lithium Ion: –10° to 50°C (14° to 122°F)
— Battery storage temperature: 0° to 50°C (32° to 122°F)
— Recharge temperature: 0° to 40°C (32° to 104°F)
• Drop Tested: MIL-STD-810F 4.5.5 Procedure IV - Transit Drop
2.8 Optional Rubber Protective Case and Stand
Olympus NDT offers an optional rubber protective case with an integral instrument stand (PN:
EPLTC-RPC). This recommended accessory protects the instrument, allows the unit to stand
on a work surface, and provides D-ring connections for the optional chest harness (PN: EP4-
CH).
2.9 Instrument Cleaning
Wash only with mild soap and water on damp cloth and dry.
12 Chapter 2
3. Powering the EPOCH LTC
This chapter describes how to operate the EPOCH LTC using different power supply options.
The topics are as follows:
• “Using AC Line Power”

• “Using Battery Power”
• “Operating Time for the Battery”
• “Charging the Battery”
3.1 Using AC Line Power
AC line power is supplied via the charger/adaptor (PN: EP-MCA). The EP-MCA has a
universal AC power input, so it operates with any line voltage from 100–120 VAC or 200–
240 VAC and with 50 Hz to 60 Hz line frequency.
CAUTION
The input power required by the EPOCH LTC is 24 VDC/1 A. Use only the
EPOCH LTC charger/adaptor provided by Olympus NDT to power the EPOCH LTC.
To use AC line power
1. Connect the power cord to the charger/adaptor unit and to an appropriate line power
source.
Powering the EPOCH LTC 13

CAUTION
Use only the AC power cord supplied with the EPOCH LTC instrument. Do not use this
AC power cord with other products.
2. Remove the rubber seal over the AC adaptor port on top of the EPOCH LTC.
3. Connect the DC output power cable from the charger/adaptor to the charger/AC adaptor
input jack.
4. Turn on the EPOCH LTC using the keypad.
5. Proceed with normal operation.
3.2 Using Battery Power
The EPOCH LTC may be operated with its standard rechargeable Lithium Ion (Li Ion) battery
or with AA cells in the auxiliary battery tray. AA cells may be Lithium/Iron Disulfide
(Li/FeS2), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), or alkaline. All EPOCH LTC instruments have been
designed to accept these four battery types without any modifications or adjustments.
The battery life symbol is always present on the right side of the instrument display. The
battery indicator contains eight bars to communicate the remaining battery life. Each bar
represents 12.5% life remaining: 8 bars equals 100 %, 4 bars equals 50 %, and so on. The
battery indicator is accurate after 5 to 10 minutes of use.
The only acceptable rechargeable Li Ion battery pack is Olympus NDT (part number EPLTC-
BAT-L). No other rechargeable battery packs may be used in the EPOCH LTC.
3.3 Operating Time for the Battery
Battery operating time depends on the type of battery being used, the age of the battery, and the
instrument settings. To provide realistic battery operating times, we have tested the
EPOCH LTC with mid-level operating parameters: pulse energy 200 V, PRF 200 Hz, and
display brightness 50 % (default setting). The nominal battery operating times for new
batteries are:
• Rechargeable Li Ion: 8-9 hours
14 Chapter 3
• AA Li/FeS2: 5-6 hours
• AA NiMH: 4-5 hours
• AA alkaline: 2-3 hours
Note: It may take several cycles of complete charging and discharging of the
battery to bring the battery to full capacity. This conditioning process is normal for
these types of rechargeable batteries.
3.4 Charging the Battery
WARNING
The EPOCH LTC charger/adaptor is designed to charge EPOCH LTC batteries only (part
number EPLTC-BAT-L). Do not attempt to charge any other batteries. Doing so may
cause an explosion and injury! Do not attempt to charge other electronic equipment. This
will cause permanent damage.
The EPOCH LTC battery may be charged internally using the EP-MCA charger/adaptor or
externally using the optional standalone battery charger with part number EPXT-EC.
To charge the battery internally, the operator must remove the AC adaptor plug on the top of
the instrument and plug in the EP-MCA charger/adaptor. The battery will charge when the
instrument is ON or OFF, but the rate of charge is slower when the instrument is ON.
When the EPOCH LTC is connected to AC power and powered ON, the battery indicator will
display a red lightning bolt symbol instead of the standard indicator with 8 bars showing
remaining battery life.
The operator may also choose to use the external battery charger, EPXT-EC, to charge one
battery, while using another in the instrument. For more information about this external
charger, contact Olympus NDT or your local sales representative.
If the battery is used daily (or frequently), connect it to the charger/adaptor when not in use.
Whenever possible, the battery should remain connected to the EP-MCA Charger/Adapter
Powering the EPOCH LTC 15

(overnight or over a weekend), so that it achieves 100 % of full charge. The battery must reach
full charge on a regular basis for proper capacity and cycle-life maintenance.
Recharge discharged batteries as soon as possible after use. Give a full recharge, as described
above.
Note: Never place discharged batteries in storage without a full recharge.
Store batteries in a cool, dry environment. Avoid long-term storage under sunlight or in other
excessively hot places such as an automobile trunk. While in storage, fully recharge batteries at
least once every two (2) months.
16 Chapter 3
4. Managing Basic Operations
This chapter describes how to get started with basic EPOCH LTC operations. Topics are as
follows:
• “Powering Up”
• “Transducer Cable Connection”
• “EPOCH LTC Keypad”
• “Summarizing Keypad Functions”
• “Display Arrangement”
• “System Menu”
4.1 Powering Up
Press the [ON/OFF] key to power up the flaw detector. After an initial beep, the instrument’s
startup screen appears. The instrument then goes through a series of self-tests for
10-15 seconds and starts up.
4.2 Transducer Cable Connection
The EPOCH LTC uses LEMO 00 transducer connections. Suitable cables for most common
transducers may be purchased from Olympus NDT.
Managing Basic Operations 17

WARNING
According to International Safety Standard IEC 61010-1, the center pin at the
transducer end of the cable is considered to be an ACCESSIBLE part with a
HAZARDOUS LIVE voltage when the pulser is operating. For this reason, the
transducer cable must be connected to the transducer prior to connection to instrument
terminals marked T/R and R.
The T/R and R terminals on the instrument are not ACCESSIBLE parts; therefore, the
HAZARDOUS LIVE voltage is not exposed when transducer cables are not connected.
4.3 EPOCH LTC Keypad
The EPOCH LTC keypad has been simplified compared to other EPOCH keypads by reducing
the number of keys and by centering the main navigation area allowing easy operation with
either the left or right hand. The keypad allows direct access to parameters that are commonly
used during inspection. A [DISPLAY SETUP] key accesses a split screen mode where the
operator can access all Calibration (time base), Gates, Pulser, and Receiver settings with a
simple tabbed menu.
The most commonly used keys on the keypad ([GAIN], [FREEZE], [GATES], [ENTER],
[MEAS/RESET], and the arrows) are located in a group in the center of the keypad within
easy reach of the operator’s thumb from either side of the instrument.
The top row of keys contains the [F1] through [F4] software function keys used for direct
access to various parameter settings.
There are two methods for adjusting instrument setup parameters in the EPOCH LTC:
• Adjustment using the [ENTER] and slewing keys

• Direct access adjustment using the parameter keys and F keys
18 Chapter 4
4.3.1 Adjustment Using Enter and Slewing Keys
These keys can be used to control all instrument functions that appear on the main screen. The
[ENTER] key will toggle from one setup parameter to the next and then cycle through them
again. By pressing [2ND F] and then [ENTER], the operator can go back one setup parameter.
Each setup parameter can be adjusted with the arrow keys left and right or down and up. For
most parameters, left and right provide a fine adjustment and the down and up provide a coarse
adjustment allowing rapid adjustment of parameters.
4.3.2 Direct Access Adjustment Using Parameter and F Keys

Most commonly used parameters have their own assigned key or a 2nd function position on the
instrument keypad. These keys allow “direct access” to the given parameter. This method
allows operators to quickly locate and activate a given instrument function for adjustment.
Once a parameter has been selected, the operator may adjust its value using the slewing keys as
described in section 4.3.1 on page 19 or by using the preset function [F1]–[F4] keys on the top
of the instrument keypad. The function keys appear below preset values for the selected
parameter.
4.4 Summarizing Keypad Functions
The EPOCH LTC is available with four different keypads. The most common are the English
keypad and the International keypad (see Figure 4-1 on page 20). Chinese and Japanese
versions are also available.

English Keypad International Keypad
Figure 4-1 EPOCH LTC English and International Keypads
20 Chapter 4
Table 2 Keypad Functions
English International Function
[GAIN]
Adjusts system sensitivity.
[2ND F], [GAIN] (REF GAIN)

Locks reference gain level and allows scanning gain to
be used.
[DISPLAY SETUP]
Toggles between display modes. Accesses Setup Tabs
for Base, Pulser, Receiver, and Gate controls.
[2ND F], [DISPLAY SETUP] (COLOR)

Accesses color settings.
[FREEZE]
Display freeze holds the displayed waveform until
[FREEZE] is pressed again.
[MEAS/RESET]
This general purpose key brings the operator back to the
live measurement screen. Can be used to escape from
menus and to accept parameter adjustments.
[ENTER]
Moves from one parameter to the next and also accepts
parameter adjustments.

Table 2 Keypad Functions (continued)
[GATES]
Allows the operator to control both instrument gates on
screen. Gate 2 is optional.
[2ND F], [GATES] (ZOOM)

Zooms in on the content of gate 1.
[SYSTEM MENU]
Accesses the EPOCH LTC system setup menu.
[2ND F], [SYSTEM MENU] (PEAK MEM)

Allows continuous accumulation of peak envelope data
with the live waveform.
[CAL]
Initiates the EPOCH LTC Auto-Calibration feature.
[2ND F], [CAL] (RECALL SETUP)

Allows Quick Calibration Recalls of CAL file types
from the instrument datalogger.
22 Chapter 4
Table 2 Keypad Functions (continued)
[RANGE]
Adjusts the instrument’s range according to the sound
level setting.
[2ND F], [RANGE] (DELAY)

Display delay that does not affect the calibrated Zero
Offset.
[ID]
The operator can manually enter or adjust an ID within
the current active file.
[2ND F], [ID] (FILE)

Accesses the instrument’s datalogger.
[SAVE]
Saves to the selected File and ID.
[2ND F], [SAVE] (PRINT)

Print function allows direct printing to compatible USB
printers.

4.5 Display Arrangement
The EPOCH LTC main screen can be displayed in three different modes:
• Split screen (setup mode)

• Full screen with measurements
• Large A-scan (scanning mode)
The split-screen view simultaneously displays the live A-scan, measurements, and a tabbed
setup menu containing all instrument setup parameters that can be adjusted on the live screen.
This tabbed menu contains all of the items normally found in previous EPOCH’s split screen
display as well as some new additions. The purpose of using a tabbed menu is to organize the
parameters by function and to maximize the size of the A-scan in this screen mode.
When the EPOCH LTC is powered on and has completed its self-test procedure, the split
screen view opens to allow the operator to review the setup parameters.
The full screen with measurements mode is a common display mode during inspections that
require the use of gates and gate measurements. This mode hides the tabbed setup menu to
maximize A-scan size and allows the operator to view the four measurement fields. All setup
parameters are accessible through direct key presses or by pressing the [ENTER] key until the
desired parameter is accessed.
The large A-scan mode is designed to maximize the A-scan size on the screen. This mode
hides the four measurement fields and it is typically used during scanning for defects in a part
when gates and gate measurements are not required for detection. This mode also allows the
operator to adjust all instrument parameters using direct key presses or by using the [ENTER]
key to access the desired parameter.
To switch between the three display modes and to access the tabbed setup menu the operator
must press the [DISPLAY SETUP] key.
24 Chapter 4
4.5.1 Split-Screen Display Setup Mode
Figure 4-2 Split Screen Display Setup Mode
Top of the screen
• The active ID and gain setting are always displayed here.

Middle of the screen
• Gate measurement icons are displayed on the left side of the screen. These icons tell the
operator the measurement mode for each gate and also flash when an alarm is triggered.
• On the left side of the display and below the gate measurement icons, the instrument
displays flags and markers that notify the operator when options are active, when
[FREEZE] is active, and other conditions.
• The A-scan waveform is displayed.
• A grid is typically displayed behind the A-scan. The operator may choose between several
grid modes based on application needs and/or preference.
• On the right side of the display there are four user defined measurement locations.
Location one is the large measurement, Locations two, three, and four are the smaller
measurements. These are defined for a given application by the operator.
• Delay and range parameter values are always displayed to the right of the A-scan below
the four measurement fields.

Bottom of the screen
• The tabbed setup menu is located on the bottom of the screen. Tabs for base, gates, pulser,
and receiver are always displayed here. An additional tab may also be activated for
specialized software features that are activated by the operator.
• Preset values for a selected parameter appear at the bottom of the screen above the [F1]-
[F4] keys.
4.5.2 Tabbed Setup Menu Functions

The four main tabs located in the split screen display mode are:
• Base
• Gates
• Pulser
• Receiver
The BASE tab contains functions related to the instrument’s calibration. The functions that are
located here are:
• VEL (Velocity) – This is the sound velocity for the material being inspected. The operator
must use a correct velocity value to take accurate measurements in millimeters or inches.
• ZERO (Zero offset) – This setting compensates for timing delays within the instrument,
cable, and transducer allowing measurements to be taken from the time that sound enters
the test material.
• Angle – This is the refracted angle of sound within the test piece.
• THICK (Thickness) – This is the thickness of the test piece for angle beam inspections.
This value allows the instrument’s trigonometric calculator to provide horizontal distance
and depth measurements based on soundpath and angle.
• CSC (Curved surface correction) – This is an optional feature in the EPOCH LTC. This
feature will only appear if the option has been purchased. This feature is used when
inspecting with an angle beam transducer on a surface that is curved in the direction of the
soundpath. This feature corrects the horizontal distance and depth to reflector
measurements based on part thickness and outer diameter. This function currently works
on the outer diameter only.
• DIA (Diameter) – User entered value for curved surface correction calculations.
26 Chapter 4
4.5.3 Full-Screen Display with Measurements
mp
Figure 4-3 Full Screen Display
Top of the screen

• On the right side of the display there are four user defined measurement locations.
Location one is the large measurement, locations two – four are the smaller measurements.
These are defined for a given application by the operator.
• The active parameter field is shown below the measurement fields. If the operator selects a
parameter that does not have a permanent location in this display mode, it will appear in

this location. In the case shown in Figure 4-3 on page 27, the velocity setting is located
here.
• Delay and range parameter values are always displayed to the right of the A-scan below
the four measurement fields.
• Preset values for a selected parameter appear at the bottom of the screen above the [F1]-
[F4] keys.
4.5.4 Large A-scan Display Mode
Figure 4-4 Large A-scan Display
Top of the screen

28 Chapter 4
• Preset Values for a selected parameter appear at the bottom of the screen above the [F1]-
[F4] keys.
4.5.5 Display Flags and Markers

To indicate when particular display functions are active, the EPOCH LTC displays a set of
flags, or markers, to the left of the A-scan display. Table 3 on page 29 shows these flags and
provides a description of each.
Table 3 Display Function Flags
Flag Description
gate 1 is in Peak Measurement Mode.
gate 2 is in Peak Measurement Mode.
gate 1 is in Edge (Flank) Measurement Mode.
gate 2 is in Edge (Flank) Measurement Mode.
[PEAK MEM] is active.
Display [FREEZE] is active.
[ZOOM] is active.
The gate alarm has been triggered. Flashes ON and OFF

alternating with gate measurement indicator.

Table 3 Display Function Flags (continued)
Flag Description
DAC/TVG is active.
DGS/AVG is active.
AWS D1.1/D1.5 is active.
4.6 System Menu
There is one system menu in the EPOCH LTC to allow rapid access to important instrument
setup functions. The menu is organized with tabs that group functions into logical groups.
Navigation and adjustment of parameters is executed using the [ENTER] key and the up,
down, left, and right arrow keys.
Tabs – These are used to group related functions within a setup menu. When the operator
enters the menu, there will be a row of tabs running across the top of the screen. The operator
must use the left and right arrow keys to select the desired tab. Once the proper tab has been
highlighted, the operator must press the [ENTER] key or the down arrow key to enter the tab.
Parameters – When the operator enters a tab the instrument will automatically select the first
parameter. The operator uses the up and down arrow keys to move from one parameter to the
next and the left and right arrow keys to adjust the parameter value.
To exit the system menu, press [MEAS/RESET].
Tip: The [MEAS/RESET] key can be used to exit any EPOCH LTC menu at
any time. This key returns to the live screen from any location within the instrument’s
user interface.
30 Chapter 4
4.6.1 MEAS Tab
The measurement tab (MEAS) is shown in Figure 4-5 on page 31.
Figure 4-5 MEAS Tab
The Operator uses the MEAS tab to setup the following items:
• READING SELECTION – Select between automatic and manual mode. Automatic

mode chooses the readings to be displayed automatically based on the parameter settings
that the operator chooses (for example: angle). Manual mode allows the operator complete
flexibility to choose and position the desired readings as needed for the inspection.
• READING1 – READING4 – The operator chooses the readings to be displayed here.
• UNIT – Select from inches, millimeters, or microseconds.
• THICKNESS RESOLUTION – Select from default or reduced time/thickness
measurement resolution.
• AMPLITUDE RESOLUTION – The EPOCH LTC measures amplitude to 0.25 % FSH.
The operator may change this to 0.5% or 1% if desired.
• CALIBRATION – The EPOCH LTC allows the operator to perform an angle-beam
calibration using either the soundpath to a reflector or the depth to a reflector as the known
reference.

• X VALUE – This is the distance from the beam index point on a wedge to the front of the
wedge. When using gate 1 surface distance – X value or gate 2 surface distance – X value
measurements, this number is the correction that is used for the displayed measurement.
The EPOCH LTC can display up to four (4) measurements on the live screen. The operator has
the ability to choose which measurements to display in each of the four measurement
locations. The measurement locations are shown in Figure 4-6 on page 32.
Reading 1
Reading 2
Reading 3
Reading 4
Figure 4-6 EPOCH LTC Display
The EPOCH LTC is capable of making several types of measurements using either gate 1 or
gate 2.
Note: Gate 2 is an option in the EPOCH LTC (PN: EPLTC-GATE2). In order to

use gate 2 for measurements it must be purchased and activated in the instrument.
Contact your Olympus NDT representative for more information.
The two gates are completely independent of each other unless the operator chooses to take an
echo-to-echo measurement.
Available measurements and their icons from the live screen are shown in Table 4 on page 33.
32 Chapter 4
Table 4 Measurements and Icons
Measurement Icon Description
GATE1
Thickness in Gate 1. Not used with Angle.
THICKNESS
GATE2
Thickness in Gate 2. Not used with Angle.
THICKNESS
GATE1
SOUNDPATH Soundpath (angular) distance in Gate 1.
DISTANCE
GATE2
SOUNDPATH Soundpath (angular) distance in Gate 2.
DISTANCE
GATE1
DEPTH TO Depth to reflector in Gate 1. Used with Angle.
REFLECTOR
GATE2
DEPTH TO Depth to reflector in Gate 2. Used with Angle.
REFLECTOR
GATE1
Horizontal distance to reflector in Gate 1. Used with
SURFACE
Angle.
DISTANCE
GATE2
Horizontal distance to reflector in Gate 2. Used with
SURFACE
Angle.
DISTANCE
GATE1 Horizontal distance minus X-value (distance from

SURFACE DIST beam index point to front of wedge) in Gate 1. Used
- X VAL with Angle.
GATE2 Horizontal distance minus X-value (distance from

SURFACE DIST beam index point to front of wedge) in Gate 2. Used
- X VAL with Angle.

Table 4 Measurements and Icons (continued)
GATE1 Minimum depth in Gate 1. Resets on gate

MINIMUM adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments, and
DEPTH on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
GATE2 Minimum depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate

GATE1 Maximum depth in Gate 1. Resets on gate

MAXIMUM adjustment, most pulser/receiver adjustments, and
GATE2 Maximum depth in Gate 2. Resets on gate

GATE1
Amplitude measurement in gate 1. Displays as % of
CURRENT
full-screen height (FSH).
AMPLITUDE
GATE2
Amplitude measurement in Gate 2. Displays as %
CURRENT
of full-screen height (FSH).
AMPLITUDE
GATE1 Maximum amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate

AMPLITUDE on press of [MEAS/RESET] key.
GATE2 Maximum amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate

GATE1 Minimum amplitude in Gate 1. Resets on gate

GATE2 Minimum amplitude in Gate 2. Resets on gate

34 Chapter 4
Table 4 Measurements and Icons (continued)
GATE1
Amplitude measurement in Gate 1. Displays echo
AMPLITUDE
height as a percentage of DAC/TVG curve height.
TO CURVE
GATE2
AMPLITUDE
height as a percentage of DAC/TVG curve height.
TO CURVE

GATE1 DB TO
dB value compared to curve height where the curve
CURVE
equals 0 dB.

GATE2 DB TO
dB value compared to curve height where the curve
CURVE
equals 0 dB.
Gate 2 thickness minus gate 1 thickness (echo-to-

GATE2 - GATE1
echo measurement)
AWS D1.1/D1.5
WELD RATING D rating calculated for the gated echo.
(D)
FLAT BOTTOM Flat-bottom hole (FBH) size (equivalent reflector

HOLE size) for DGS/AVG evaluation.
OVERSHOOT Overshoot value of dB comparing echo height to

(OS) DGS/AVG curve.
4.6.2 GATES Tab
Note: Gate 2 is an option in the EPOCH LTC (PN: EPLTC-GATE2). In order to

use gate 2 for measurements it must be purchased and activated in the instrument.
Contact your Olympus NDT representative for more information.

The GATES tab allows the operator to set up measurement modes for the EPOCH LTC
gate(s). Gate 1 functions are always available in this tab as shown in Figure 4-7 on page 36.
Figure 4-7 GATES Tab
• GATE1 MEASUREMENT MODE – Select PEAK or EDGE measurement mode.

• GATE1 RF SETUP – When the EPOCH LTC rectification is set to RF, the operator has
three choices for gate positioning: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, or DUAL GATE. In
positive mode, the gate will appear above the baseline. In negative mode, the gate will
appear below the baseline. In dual gate mode, the gate will be mirrored above and below
the baseline.
• GATE2 ENABLE – This selection will only appear if the GATE2 option has been
purchased. This allows gate 2 to be setup and also allows gate 2 adjustments on the live
screen.
If GATE2 ENABLE is turned ON, then the GATES tab will appear as shown in Figure 4-8 on
page 37.
36 Chapter 4
Figure 4-8 GATE2 ENABLE
This makes the following gate 2 setup parameters available:
• GATE2 MEASUREMENT MODE – Select PEAK or EDGE measurement mode.

• GATE2 RF SETUP – When the EPOCH LTC rectification is set to RF, the operator has
three choices for gate positioning: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE, or DUAL GATE. In
positive mode, the gate will appear above the baseline. In negative mode, the gate will
appear below the baseline. In dual gate mode, the gate will be mirrored above and below
the baseline
• ECHO-TO-ECHO – Also known as “GATE2 TRACKING” in the EPOCH LTC, this is
typically used for taking echo-to-echo thickness measurements. The operator can setup
gate 1 and gate 2 on the display with a specific distance between gate 1 start and gate 2
start. When ECHO-TO-ECHO is active, this distance will be maintained between an
echo breaking gate 1 and gate 2 Start.

4.6.3 A-SCAN Tab
Figure 4-9 A-SCAN Tab
The A-SCAN tab is used to modify the appearance of the EPOCH LTC’s waveform area to
meet application needs or the operator’s preferences.
The available settings are listed below:
• LIVE A-SCAN DISPLAY

— OUTLINE – The live A-scan will be drawn as a single line.
— FILLED – The A-scan outline is filled in with the A-scan’s color (except in RF
mode). This helps to increase visibility in certain lighting conditions.
• ENVELOPE DISPLAY – This setting affects the appearance of A-scans and peak
envelopes that are captured with the peak memory function. Peak memory tracks the
highest peak on the live A-scan and draws an envelope across the peak positions.
— OUTLINE – Captured A-scans and peak envelopes are drawn as a single line.
— FILLED – Captured A-scans and peak envelopes are filled.
• BASELINE BREAK – This feature modifies the appearance of the EPOCH LTC’s
A-scan in fullwave rectified mode. When baseline break is active, the instrument locates
all zero cross points in the RF waveform and forces the fullwave rectified mode to display
these zero cross points by pulling the A-scan to the baseline. This feature helps the
38 Chapter 4
operator to see small defects that are close to the back surface of the test piece, especially
at large ranges.
• X-AXIS GRID MODE – The EPOCH LTC has four display modes for the x-axis grid.
These four settings are designed to provide the operator with a convenient display mode
for the application. Modes include:
— GRID OFF – No grid lines are displayed. 0–10 appears along the bottom of the
A-scan.
— STANDARD – 10 equally spaced grid lines.
— SOUNDPATH – 5 equally spaced grid lines with soundpath values.
— LEG – Up to 4 grid lines showing soundpath legs (half paths) based on part thickness
and angle.
• Y-AXIS GRID MODE – The EPOCH LTC always measures amplitude up to 110 % full-
screen height. The operator can choose to display the y-axis on the A-scan display from 0–
100 % or from 0–110 % FSH.
4.6.4 DAC/TVG Tab

This tab allows the operator to setup and activate the EPOCH LTC’s dynamic DAC/TVG
feature. See section 10.2 on page 106 of this manual for additional information on the dynamic
DAC/TVG feature.
4.6.5 DGS/AVG Tab

The DGS/AVG tab will only appear if the DGS/AVG option (PN: EPLTC-DGS-AVG) has
been purchased and activated in the instrument. See section 10.3 on page 111 of this manual
for additional information on the DGS/AVG option.

4.6.6 GENERAL Tab
The GENERAL tab contains functions that are related to operator preference, location, and
language.
Figure 4-10 GENERAL Tab
• FILTER GROUP
— STANDARD – This accesses the standard instrument filters when the user accesses
the Receiver tab Filter Parameter.
— Other filter groups – Olympus NDT produces other custom filter groups based on
customer requirements. These can be selected here. When an alternative filter group
is selected, the operator will only be able to use the custom filters when the Receiver
tab Filter Parameter is accessed.
• KEY BEEP – When key beep is active, the instrument will beep whenever a key is
pressed.
• ALARM BEEP – Toggles the alarm horn on and off.
• ALL LOCK – When active, this function locks all keys other than [SYSTEM MENU]
and [ON/OFF]. A padlock symbol appears on the live screen when this is active.
• CAL LOCK – When active, this function locks the following keys: [GAIN], [CAL], and
[RANGE]. The BASE, PULSER, and RECEIVER tabs will also be locked on the split
screen view.
40 Chapter 4
• TEMP CAL – Used to select the automatic or manual temperature calibration.
• LANGUAGE – Standard Languages: English, Spanish, French, German, Italian,
Japanese, Chinese, Russian, Norwegian, and Swedish.
• RADIX TYPE – Used to properly format the use of “.” and “,” characters in numerals.
• DATE MODE – Sets the instrument date display pattern.
4.6.7 CLOCK Tab

The CLOCK tab allows the operator to set the instrument’s date and time. The clock may be
set in a 12 HOUR or 24 HOUR format. This date and time is attached to a file when it is
created in the instrument’s datalogger.
Figure 4-11 CLOCK Tab

4.6.8 STATUS Tab
The instrument STATUS tab provides the operator with useful information related to internal-
temperature, battery capacity, and hardware/software versions. This information may be used
by Olympus NDT to help support the product.
Figure 4-12 STATUS Tab
4.6.9 Editable Parameters (EDITPAR) Tab

Editable parameters are standard on all EPOCH LTC instruments. With this feature the
operator can customize the values that appear above the function [F1]–[F4] keys for the setup
parameters below. These items are listed as sublevel tabs, and each contains 1–3 control groups
with parameters.
• GAIN
• GAIN STEP – Universal setting for the coarse (up and down arrows) and fine (left and
right arrows) gain adjustment
• REJECT
• ZERO (Zero offset)
• VEL (Velocity)
• RNG (Range)
• DLY (Delay) – Display delay
42 Chapter 4
• ANGLE
• THICKNESS
• AUTO–XX – Customizable value for the AUTO–80% feature discussed in section 5.2 on
page 48.
Note: Parameters that contain text such as rectification cannot be adjusted. Also,
parameters that are limited by hardware and/or software constraints such as damping
cannot be adjusted.
To setup the editable parameters
1. Press the [ENTER] key or the down arrow to enter the EDITPAR tab.
2. Use the up and down arrow keys to select a parameter to be adjusted.
3. Press the right arrow key to select the first parameter value.
4. Adjust with the left and right arrow keys.
5. Use the [ENTER] key to move to the other values for the selected parameter.
4.6.10 OPTIONS Tab

The OPTIONS tab allows the operator to view the list of available options for the
EPOCH LTC and determine if they are active in the instrument. Details regarding these
software features/options are found in Chapter 10 on page 105 of this manual. The OPTIONS
tab is shown in Figure 4-13 on page 44.

Figure 4-13 OPTIONS Tab
The following software options are available for the EPOCH LTC:
• ONBOARD DGS/AVG
• MANUAL PRF
• EXTENDED RANGE
• GATE2
• TUNABLE PULSER
• CURVED SURFACE CORRECTION
4.6.11 RESETS Tab

The RESETS tab allows the operator to reset various instrument functions to the factory
standard values. This tab is shown in Figure 4-14 on page 45.
44 Chapter 4
Figure 4-14 RESETS Tab
4.6.12 SW DIAG Tab (Diagnostics)

The SW DIAG tab logs software issues that may be affecting the EPOCH LTC’s performance.
This tab may be used for troubleshooting by Olympus NDT.

46 Chapter 4
5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver
This chapter describes how to adjust the EPOCH LTC’s Pulser/Receiver. The topics are as
follows:
• “Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain)”

• “Using the AUTO–XX% Feature”
• “Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain”
• “Pulser Adjustment”
• “Receiver Adjustment”
5.1 Adjusting the System Sensitivity (Gain)
To adjust the system sensitivity
1. Press [GAIN].
2. Use one of the following adjustment methods to adjust the gain setting:
— Arrow keys – up and down for coarse adjustment; left and right for fine adjustment.
— Function keys – Jump to preset values defined in EDITPAR.
Note: The total system sensitivity is 110 dB.
Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver 47

5.2 Using the AUTO–XX% Feature
The AUTO-XX% feature was formerly known as the AUTO–80 % feature in the EPOCH 4
Series. The default setting for AUTO-XX% in the EPOCH LTC is 80 % full-screen height
(FSH). Using the Edit Para feature, the operator can adjust the value to meet application needs.
In the remainder of this section, AUTO–XX% is described as AUTO–80%.
The AUTO–80% feature is used to quickly adjust the instrument’s gain (dB) setting to bring
the gated peak echo to 80% FSH. AUTO–80% is especially useful for bringing the echo from a
reference indication to 80% FSH to establish the instrument’s reference gain level. See
section 5.3 on page 49.
You can use the AUTO-80% feature to bring an echo to 80% FSH in gate 1 only with the
standard EPOCH LTC. If the gate 2 option has been purchased, then the AUTO-80% feature
may be used for gate 2 as well.
To use AUTO–80% with gate 1
1. Press the [GATES] key.

2. Use the arrow keys to position the gate over the desired echo. It is not necessary for the
echo to break the gate threshold.
3. Press [F4]. The highest peak within the gate will be brought to 80% FSH automatically by
adjusting the instrument’s gain setting.
To use AUTO–80% with gate 2 (optional)
1. Activate GATE2 in the SYSTEM MENU > GATES tab

2. Press the [GATES] key twice. This selects gate 2.
3. Use the arrow keys to position the gate over the desired echo. It is not necessary for the
echo to break the gate threshold.
4. Press [F4]. The highest peak within the gate will be brought to 80% FSH automatically by
adjusting the instrument’s gain setting.
Note: You can use AUTO–80% when an echo exceeds the desired amplitude.
The echo can be either above or below 80% FSH. If a signal is very high in amplitude
(above 500% FSH), then it may be necessary to activate the AUTO–80% function more
than once. To do this, the operator presses the [F4] key again.
48 Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver

5.3 Setting Reference Gain and Scanning Gain
To establish the current system gain as the reference (base) level, press [2ND F], [GAIN]
(REF GAIN). This is useful for inspections that require the establishment of a reference gain
level and then the addition or subtraction of scanning gain.
After accessing the reference gain function, the gain display will read: REF XX.X + 0.0 dB.
You can now add or subtract scanning gain as needed independent of the reference level.
To add scanning gain, use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment (default 6 dB)
and the left and right arrow keys for fine adjustment.
While using the reference gain and scanning gain, the following functions are also available:
• [F1] ADD key – Adds the scanning gain to the reference gain and deactivates the
reference gain feature.
• [F2] SCAN DB key – Toggles the scanning gain from the active level to 0.0 dB (reference
level) allowing a direct amplitude comparison to the reference indication.
• [F3] OFF key – Exits the reference gain function without adding the scanning gain to the
base instrument gain.
5.4 Pulser Adjustment
The pulser settings in the EPOCH LTC are accessed by pressing the [DISPLAY SETUP] key
on the instrument keypad to access the tabbed setup menu, and then selecting the PULSER
tab. Alternatively, the operator may press the [ENTER] key as needed to reach the pulser
parameter settings.
Pulser setup parameters are:
• Pulse repetition frequency (PRF) – This appears only if the manual PRF option has been
purchased, otherwise PRF is automatically controlled by the EPOCH LTC’s operating
software.
• Damping
• Test mode
• Pulse energy
• Pulser frequency selection (pulse width) – This appears only if the tunable pulser option
has been purchased.

5.4.1 Manual Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) Option
Pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) is a measure of how often the transducer is being pulsed by
the electronic circuitry in the EPOCH LTC. PRF is typically adjusted based on the test method
or test piece geometry. For parts with long sound paths, it is necessary to lower the PRF to
avoid wrap-around interference that results in spurious signals on the display. For applications
with rapid scanning, it is often necessary to use a high PRF rate in order to assure that small
defects will be detected as the probe moves past the part.
The base EPOCH LTC controls the PRF automatically based on the Range setting selected by
the operator. For most applications this automatic control is sufficient to prevent wraparound
noise and/or other PRF related issues.
For operators requiring manual PRF control, the EPOCH LTC offers the software option
manual PRF control (PN: EPLTC-PRF). This option allows the operator to adjust the PRF
from 10 Hz to 500 Hz in steps of either 10 Hz (fine adjustment with left and right arrow keys)
or 50 Hz (coarse adjustment with up and down arrow keys).
Note: The EPOCH LTC is a “single-shot” instrument, that is, the instrument
acquires, measures, and draws the complete A-scan with each pulse rather than using
multiple acquisitions to construct a full waveform. The measurement rate in the
EPOCH LTC is always equal to the PRF rate unless the operator is using a multiplexer.
5.4.2 Pulser Frequency Selection (Pulse Width)

Pulser frequency selection, which sets the pulse width, is applicable only when the tunable
pulser option has been purchased. This frequency selection is designed to tune the square-wave
pulser to obtain the best performance from the transducer being used. In general, the best
performance is achieved by tuning the pulser frequency as close to the center frequency of the
transducer being used as possible.
Note: Actual results could vary due to the test material and/or variation in the
transducer-center frequency. It is recommended trying various settings with a
transducer and test piece to maximize ultrasonic performance.
50 Chapter 5
5.4.3 Pulse Energy
The EPOCH LTC operator can adjust the pulse energy from 100 V to 400 V in increments of
100 V. Because of this flexibility in adjustment, the operator uses only the necessary level of
energy to perform the test while also providing a high power pulser for the most difficult
materials.
To maximize instrument battery life and transducer life, it is recommended that the operator
use lower energy settings when the application permits it. For most applications, the energy
setting does not need to exceed 200 V.
5.4.4 Damping
The damping control lets the operator optimize the waveform shape for high resolution
measurements via an internal resistive circuit. There are four damping settings:
• 50 ohms
• 100 ohms
• 200 ohms
• 400 ohms
Tip: Generally, the lowest ohm setting increases the system damping and
improves near-surface resolution, while the highest ohm setting decreases system
damping and improves the instrument penetration power.
Selecting the correct damping setting fine tunes the EPOCH LTC in order to operate with a
particular transducer selection. Depending on the transducer being used, the various damping
settings either improve near-surface resolution or improve the instrument’s penetration power.
To select a damping option
1. Press [PULSER] to access the damping parameter.

2. Use the function keys for direct access or the up and down keys to toggle through the four
available damping selections.

5.4.5 Test Mode
The EPOCH LTC can operate in three test modes:
• Pulse-echo mode: Single element transducers.

• Through mode: Two separate transducers, typically on opposite sides of the test
specimen.
• Dual mode (Pitch and Catch): One connector acts as a transmitter; the other acts as a
receiver.
To select a Test mode
1. Use the [DISPLAY SETUP] key to access the PULSER tab.

2. Use the [ENTER] key to access the MODE parameter.
3. Use the function keys for direct access or the up and down keys to toggle through the three
selections.
Note: To compensate for the one-way soundpath in Through mode, the

EPOCH LTC does not divide transit time by two when calculating thickness
measurements.
5.5 Receiver Adjustment
The receiver settings in the EPOCH LTC are accessed by pressing the [DISPLAY SETUP]
key on the instrument keypad to access the tabbed setup menu, and then selecting the
RECEIVER tab. Alternatively, the operator may press the [ENTER] key as needed to reach
the receiver parameter settings. The receiver setup parameters are:
• Digital filters
• Waveform rectification
• Reject
52 Chapter 5
5.5.1 Digital Filters
The EPOCH LTC has a total instrument bandwidth of 26.5 MHz at –3 dB. The instrument has
three digital filter settings. These are designed to allow the instrument to provide the dynamic
range (dB) required by EN12668-1 and also to improve the instrument’s signal-to-noise ratio
by filtering out unwanted high and/or low frequency noise outside of the test frequency
spectrum.
• 0.2 MHz to 10.0 MHz (STANDARD)

• 2.0 MHz to 21.5 MHz (BROADBAND)
• 8.0 MHz to 26.5 MHz (HIGH-PASS)
To select a Filter Setting
1. Use the [DISPLAY SETUP] key to access the RECEIVER tab.

2. Use the [ENTER] key to access the FILTER parameter.
selections.
5.5.2 Waveform Rectification

The EPOCH LTC can operate in one of four different rectification modes:
• Full-wave
• Half-wave positive
• Half-wave negative
• RF (unrectified)
The RF mode is not active while operating in DAC mode or peak memory.
To select a Rectification Mode

2. Use the [ENTER] key to access the RECT parameter.
selections.

5.5.3 Reject
The reject function eliminates unwanted, low-level signals from the display. The reject
function is linear and adjustable from 0% to 80% FSH. Increasing the reject level does not
affect the amplitude of the signals above the reject level.
Note: The reject function can be used in RF display mode.
To access the Reject parameter

2. Use the [ENTER] key to access the REJ parameter.
selections.
The reject level is displayed as a dashed horizontal line on the instrument display (or two lines
in the case of the RF display mode).
54 Chapter 5
6. Managing Special Waveform Functions
This chapter describes how to manage special waveform functions. The topics are as follows:
• “Peak Memory”
• “Display Freeze”
6.1 Peak Memory
The peak memory function enables the display to capture and store on the screen the amplitude
of each display point. The display updates each pixel if a signal of greater amplitude is
acquired. When a transducer is scanned over a reflector, the signal envelope (echo dynamic as
a function of transducer position) is held on the screen. In addition, the current, live waveform
is displayed at the appropriate place within the echo envelope.
This function is useful when it is necessary to find the peak from an indication during an angle-
beam inspection. An example is shown in Figure 6-1 on page 56.
Managing Special Waveform Functions 55

Figure 6-1 Peak Memory Function
Note: The peak memory function cannot be activated in the unrectified, RF

display mode.
To activate the peak memory function
1. Press [2ND F], [SYSTEM MENU] (PEAK MEM). A P symbol appears at the left side of
the display to indicate that the function is active.
2. Scan over a reflector to acquire the echo envelope.
3. Press [2ND F], [SYSTEM MENU] (PEAK MEM) again to turn off the peak memory
function.
56 Chapter 6
6.2 Display Freeze
The display freeze function holds or freezes the information on the screen at the moment the
[FREEZE] key is pressed. Once the freeze function is activated, the pulser/receiver of the
EPOCH LTC becomes inactive and does not acquire any further data. A F symbol appears on
the left side of the screen indicating that the function is active.
The freeze function is useful when storing waveforms as it holds the current A-scan allowing
the transducer to be removed from the test piece. Once the display is frozen, the operator can
use a variety of instrument functions. These include:
• Gate movement – Used to position the gate(s) over area(s) of interest to obtain
measurement data.
• Gain – Used to amplify signals of interest or to reduce the amplitude of signals when high
scanning gain values are being used.
• Scanning gain may be switched on and off.
• DAC/TVG gain adjustment.
• Switch between TVG and DAC views.
• Range, delay, and zoom – The EPOCH LTC time base can be manipulated to focus on
areas of interest. The total instrument range may not be increased.
• Datalogger
• Printing
When freeze is active, the following parameters cannot be changed/accessed:
• Zero (offset)
• Range (cannot be increased)
• Pulser/receiver settings other than gain
To disable the freeze function and return to normal operation, press [FREEZE] again.
Managing Special Waveform Functions 57

58 Chapter 6
7. Gates
This chapter describes how to use the gates in the EPOCH LTC.
Note: The standard EPOCH LTC has one gate. The gate 2 option must be
purchased to access gate 2 functions. For simplicity, this section describes all gate
controls.
The topics covered are as follows:
• “Activating gate 2”
• “Positioning Gates 1 and 2”
• “Gate Measurement Modes”
• “Taking Thickness Readings”
• “Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings”
• “Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer”
• “Measuring Signal Amplitude”
• “Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode”
• “Using the Zoom Feature”
• “Gate Alarms”
7.1 Activating gate 2
If the gate 2 option has been purchased then the operator will have the ability to turn on gate 2
in the [SYSTEM MENU] under the GATES tab shown in Figure 7-1 on page 60.
Gates 59
Figure 7-1 GATES Tab
The operator must select the GATE2 ENABLE parameter and select ON. This allows gate 2
setup information to appear in the tab as shown in Figure 7-2 on page 60, and it will also
activate gate 2 parameters on the live screen.
Figure 7-2 GATE2 ENABLE parameter
60 Chapter 7
7.2 Positioning Gates 1 and 2
The EPOCH LTC has up to two independent flaw gates. Both gates can be used to take
thickness measurements with straight-beam transducers, sound-path measurements with angle-
beam transducers, measure signal amplitude, measure time-of-flight in microseconds, or to
trigger threshold and minimum-depth alarms. The gates may also be used together to take
echo-to-echo thickness measurements.
Gate Positioning is controlled using the [GATES] key.
To access the gate 1 controls, the operator must press the [GATES] button once. The operator
can then use the [ENTER] key or the [F1]-[F3] keys to access gate start (1-Start), gate width
(1-Width), and gate level (1-Level).The [F4] key controls the AUTO–XX% function.
To access the gate 2 controls, the operator must press the [GATES] button twice. The operator
can then use the [ENTER] key or the [F1]–[F3] keys to access gate start (2-Start), gate width
(2-Width), and gate level (2-Level). The [F4] key controls the AUTO–XX% function.
To adjust the position of a gate, the operator must access the appropriate gate function and use
the arrow keys to move the gates. The up and down arrow keys allow rapid adjustment in
coarse increments and the left and right arrow keys allow fine adjustment.
7.3 Gate Measurement Modes
See section 4.6.2 on page 35 for details regarding the two gate-measurement modes available
for each gate (peak and edge).
7.4 Taking Thickness Readings
To take a thickness reading with gate 1
1. In [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS tab – The operator must select gate 1 thickness as one of
the active measurements in the 4 measurement display locations. Typically, this would be
displayed in measurement location 1.
2. In [SYSTEM MENU] > GATES tab – The operator must set up the gate 1 measurement
mode to peak or edge as required by the application.
3. On the live screen – The operator must position gate 1 over the echo of interest. The echo
does not need to break the gate for peak measurements. It must break the gate for edge
measurements.
Gates 61
To take a thickness reading with gate 2, the previous steps are the same but the gate 2 controls
are used and the gate 2 thickness measurement must be selected.
7.5 Taking Echo-to-Echo Thickness Readings
The operator can take echo-to-echo thickness measurements with the EPOCH LTC if the
gate 2 option has been purchased.
To take an echo-to-echo thickness measurement
1. In [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS tab – The operator must select Gate 2-Gate 1 as one of
the active measurements in the 4 measurement display locations. Typically this would be
displayed in measurement location 1.
2. In [SYSTEM MENU] > GATES tab – The operator must setup the gate 1 and gate 2
Measurement modes to PEAK or EDGE as required by the application. These are
typically the same for both gates, but this is not required.
3. On the live screen – The operator must position gate 1 over the first echo of interest and
gate 2 over the second echo of interest. The echo does not need to break the gate for the
peak measurements. It must break, however, the gate for edge measurements.
The operator can choose to activate gate 2 Tracking in the [SYSTEM MENU] > GATES tab.
This function allows gate 2 start to track the position of an echo in gate 1 to maintain the preset
blanking period between gate 1 start and gate 2 start.
7.6 Locating Flaws with an Angle Beam Transducer
During an angle-beam inspection, you can obtain accurate and reliable soundpath information
using the EPOCH LTC’s high-resolution distance calculator. If a refracted angle is entered into
the EPOCH LTC and the operator has chosen soundpath, surface distance, and depth
measurements to be displayed in the measurement display locations, then the instrument will
automatically display all angular soundpath components once the operator places the gate over
the echo of interest (see Figure 7-3 on page 63).
62 Chapter 7
Soundpath
Surface distance
Depth
Amplitude
Leg indicator
Figure 7-3 Gate Over Echo
The screen can also display the soundpath leg as part of the A-scan grid. This is set up in the
[SYSTEM MENU] > A-SCAN tab.
7.7 Measuring Signal Amplitude
When estimating discontinuity size, the instrument is adjusted so that a particular gain setting
and screen height represent the echo amplitude produced by a known size reflector in a
reference standard. In general, a signal with a smaller amplitude could indicate a smaller
reflector and a signal with higher amplitude could indicate a larger reflector than the reference
standard.
To measure signal amplitude, the operator must select either Gate 1 current amplitude or
Gate 2 current amplitude as a displayed measurement in the [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS tab
depending on which gate will be used for the measurement.
The EPOCH LTC can also display minimum amplitude and maximum amplitude
measurements. If the operator wishes to use these measurements for inspection, they can be
activated as well. These measurements track the minimum and maximum measurements in the
gate and are reset by adjusting the gate, gain, pulser/receiver, or by pressing the [MEAS/
RESET] key.
Gates 63
The gate measurement mode will affect how the EPOCH LTC measures signal amplitude:
• Peak mode:
— Amplitude measurement made on highest peak in gate
— Signal does not have to break gate threshold
• Edge mode:
— Amplitude measurement from highest peak in gate
— Signal must break gate threshold
Once the operator has set up the displayed measurements and the gate measurement modes, the
operator needs to position the gate over the echo of interest. The echo-amplitude
measurement(s) will be displayed.
7.8 Operating in Time-of-Flight Mode
The EPOCH LTC can display time-of-flight (TOF) soundpath data for an echo that breaks a
gate. Time-of-flight is the location of the reflector in microseconds (µs). When time-of-flight
mode is active (use [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS tab > UNIT = MICROSECOND), distance
measurements will be displayed in microsecond values instead of inches or millimeters.
Time-of-flight mode does not divide the reading by two. The entire time-of-flight through the
test piece in both directions is displayed.
As a reminder, when taking thickness measurements, the EPOCH LTC must divide the product
of material velocity and time-of-flight by two in order to calculate the thickness of the part. If
this were not done, then the unit would display twice the actual thickness because the sound
energy would pass through the part twice.
7.9 Using the Zoom Feature
To zoom in on an indication, position gate 1 over the area of interest and press [2ND F],
[GATES] (ZOOM). The instrument automatically uses screen delay to bring the point that
corresponds to the gate start to the left side of the screen and also adjusts the displayed range to
match the gate width. The new range equals the unzoomed gate width. The lowest achievable
value of the expanded range is equivalent to the minimum range of the instrument at the
current material-velocity setting.
Zoom is especially useful in certain flaw detection applications. For example, when detecting
branches of cracking such as intergranular stress-corrosion cracking (IGSCC), the inspector’s
64 Chapter 7
job can be complicated by the geometry of the test specimen and also by the specific
characteristics of the defect itself. In instances where the pipe counterbore is close to the weld
root, it is possible to have three signals that all appear quite close to each other (the weld root,
the counterbore, and the crack itself). Use the zoom function to improve the visual resolution
of the EPOCH LTC display so that each individual signal can be more easily identified.
When evaluating a crack signal, the inspector’s attention is usually focused on the leading edge
of an indication. By observing the number and location of small peaks along the leading edge
of the signal, it is possible to make some assumptions regarding the presence and location of
different branches of cracking. Use the zoom function to get a much more detailed view of an
indication and to make better judgments regarding flaw location and depth.
Zoom is useful when inspecting particularly large or thick components when detail is lost due
to using long screen ranges. Use the zoom function to look at small sections of the test piece
without disturbing the instrument’s original calibration.
7.10 Gate Alarms
The EPOCH LTC features a variety of alarm configurations for gate 1 and gate 2. In RF mode,
these alarms can be used in positive, negative, or dual gate modes. The three types of gate
alarms are positive threshold, negative threshold, and minimum depth.
7.10.1 Threshold Alarms

Threshold alarms can be set on gate 1 and/or gate 2.
To set a threshold alarm on gate 1
1. Press the [GATES] key and use the START, WIDTH, and LEVEL parameters to
position the gate over the desired area.
2. Press the [ENTER] key to access the alarm options. These will be displayed above the
function keys.
3. Press [F2] for positive logic or [F3] for negative logic. A positive logic alarm is triggered
when a signal breaks the gate threshold. A negative logic alarm is triggered when a signal
drops out of the gate threshold. gate 1 and gate 2 can both be set to either positive or
negative logic.
When the operator sets a threshold alarm on gate 1 or gate 2, the appearance of the tick marks
at the end of the gate will change. For positive logic alarms, the tick marks will point upward
and for negative logic alarms they will point downward. To setup a threshold alarm on gate 2,
Gates 65
the operator must follow the steps above with the exception of pressing the [GATES] key
twice before pressing the [ENTER] key to access the alarm settings.
To deactivate an alarm, the operator must access the gate alarm control and press [F1].
7.10.2 Minimum-Depth Alarm

The EPOCH LTC is equipped with a minimum-depth alarm that is triggered whenever the
current thickness reading falls below an operator defined level. The minimum depth alarm may
be used either with a single gate or with two gates in echo-to-echo measurement mode.
7.10.3 Minimum Depth Alarm with a Single Gate

Minimum depth alarms can be set on either gate 1 or gate 2.
To set a minimum depth alarm on gate 1
1. Press the [GATES] key and use the START, WIDTH, and LEVEL parameters to
position the gate over the desired area. Be sure the gate start position is set to cover a range
below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2. Press [ENTER] to display the alarms in the function boxes at the bottom of the screen.
Press [F4] to activate the minimum-depth alarm.
3. Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of minimum-depth values
is limited by the gate start and gate width settings. This minimum-depth alarm value must
be greater than the gate start value and less than the gate width value. Once activated, a
marker appears on the gate to indicate the current setting. Any indication that exceeds the
gate threshold to the left of the marker will trigger the alarm.
4. Press [GATES] then [ENTER] three times followed by the [F1] key to turn off the alarm.
7.10.4 Minimum-Depth Alarm with gate 2 Tracking

You may use the minimum-depth alarm when making echo-to-echo thickness measurements
with gate 2 tracking as well. Whenever gate 2 Tracking is active (located in [SYSTEM
MENU] > GATES tab) all gate 2 settings (START, WIDTH, DEPTH, and MIN DEPTH
alarm threshold) are relative to the position of the echo in gate 1. gate 2 will move side-to-side,
tracking the position of an echo in gate 1. When you set up a minimum-depth alarm on gate 2
with gate 2 tracking activated, the value for the alarm threshold is the distance from gate 1
Start or the distance from the echo being measured by gate 1.
66 Chapter 7
To setup a minimum depth alarm on gate 2
1. Press the [GATES] key twice and use the START, WIDTH, and LEVEL parameters to
position gate 2 over the desired area. Be sure the gate 2 start position is set to cover a
range below the minimum-depth alarm value.
2. Press [ENTER] to display the gate 2 alarms in the function boxes at the bottom of the
screen. Press [F4] to activate the minimum-depth alarm.
3. Use the arrow keys to set the desired minimum value. The range of minimum-depth values
is limited by the gate 2 start and gate 2 width settings. This minimum-depth alarm value
must be greater than the gate 2 start value and less than the gate 2 width value. Once
activated, a marker appears on the gate to indicate the current setting. Any indication that
exceeds the gate threshold to the left of the marker will trigger the alarm.
4. Press [GATES] then [ENTER] three times followed by the [F1] key to turn off the alarm.
7.10.5 Alarm-Condition Storage

When an alarm is active on a gate, the gate indicator will flash between the measurement mode
icon and an A symbol. Alarm conditions are stored in the EPOCH LTC data logger. All saved
IDs with an active alarm display A1 for gate 1 alarm and/or A2 for gate 2 alarm.
Gates 67
68 Chapter 7
8. Calibrating the EPOCH LTC
This chapter describes how to calibrate the EPOCH LTC. Calibration is the process of
adjusting the unit so that it measures accurately on a particular material, using a particular
transducer at a particular temperature. You must adjust The zero (offset) and velocity
parameters of the EPOCH LTC during calibration. Zero (offset) [sometimes referred to as
probe delay] compensates for the dead time between the firing of the initial pulse and the entry
of the sound into the test piece. The unit must be programmed with the correct velocity setting
so that it matches the material velocity of the test piece.
The EPOCH LTC has an advanced Auto-Calibration feature, which provides for a fast and
easy calibration process. Section 8.1 on page 70 details the procedure to calibrate the
EPOCH LTC when using the four basic transducer configurations: straight beam, delay line,
dual element, and angle beam.
Note: Do not use the Auto-Calibration feature when the EPOCH LTC is in the
following modes: microsecond time-of-flight, DAC, or TVG.
Calibration is explained in detail in following sections:
• “Getting Started”
• “Calibrating with a Straight-Beam Transducer”
• “Calibration with a Delay-Line Transducer”
• “Calibration with a Dual-Element Transducer”
• “Calibrating with an Angle-Beam Transducer”
Calibrating the EPOCH LTC 69

8.1 Getting Started
Until you are completely comfortable operating the EPOCH LTC, we recommend that a basic
review and setup procedure be used prior to starting the actual calibration. The split-screen
feature of the EPOCH LTC is useful for this as it lets you simultaneously view the waveform
display and all instrument calibration data.
To setup the EPOCH LTC before calibrating
1. Press [DISPLAY SETUP] to select the split-screen display.

2. Press [GAIN] to select an initial gain value that is appropriate for the calibration and
adjust the value by using the direct access function keys or the slewing keys. If the
appropriate gain level is unknown, set the initial gain at 20 dB and adjust it as necessary
during calibration.
3. Access the BASE tab and select the VEL parameter. Enter an approximate velocity for the
test material with the function keys or the slewing keys. If the velocity value is unknown,
find a value for the material being tested in Appendix A — Sound Velocities — of this
manual.
4. Press [RANGE] and adjust the value using the function keys or the slewing keys. The
range should be greater than the longest soundpath you wish to calibrate for.
5. Access the BASE tab and select the ZERO parameter. Set the zero offset value to 0.000
using the [F1] key or the slewing keys to bring the initial pulse to the left side of the
instrument screen.
6. Select the ANGLE parameter to enter the correct refracted angle for the probe (0 for a
straight beam or 90° probe, 45 for a 45° probe, and so on). Use the function keys to access
preset values or adjust in 0.1° adjustments using the slewing keys.
7. Once the transducer is coupled to the block, adjust the pulser and receiver settings to
create a clean A-Scan.
Note: Refer to section 5.4 on page 49 and section 5.5 on page 52 for information
on adjusting the pulser/receiver.
70 Chapter 8
8.2 Calibrating with a Straight-Beam Transducer
The example below uses an Olympus NDT transducer (part number A109S-RM), with a
frequency of 5.0 MHz and an element diameter of 0.50 in (12,7 mm) to perform the sample
straight-beam calibration. The calibration requires a test block with two known thicknesses
made from the material to be measured. Ideally, the two thicknesses should represent
thicknesses that are both below and above the expected thickness of the material being
inspected.
For this example, we are using Olympus NDT standard 5-step steel test block (part number
2214E). The steps measure 0.100 in (2,54 mm), 0.200 in (5,08 mm), 0.300 in (7,62 mm),
0.400 in (10,16 mm), and 0.500 in (12,7 mm).
Note: If the EPOCH LTC is set to metric units, the calibration process is exactly
the same, except that the entries below will be in millimeters rather than inches.
To calibrate using a straight-beam transducer
1. Follow the initial setup procedure outlined in section 8.1 on page 70. Connect the
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to either of the transducer
posts on the EPOCH LTC.
2. Press [CAL]. Special functions will now appear above the F-keys ([F1] CAL THIN, [F2]
CAL THICK, and [F3] CANCEL).
3. Couple the transducer to the THIN calibration block step. For this example, the transducer
is coupled to the 0.200 in (5,08 mm) step (depending on the frequency of the contact
transducer being used, it might be impossible to obtain a proper reading on very thin
material).
4. Position gate 1 so that the first backwall echo from the known thickness step is exceeding
the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is at approximately
80 %.

Figure 8-1 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Straight-Beam Transducer
5. A thickness reading appears in large text in measurement location 1. Once a steady

reading is achieved, press [F1]. The screen freezes and a popup box appears on the screen.
Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.
Figure 8-2 Entering a Thin Standard Value
72 Chapter 8
6. Press [F1] to continue.
7. Couple the transducer to the THICK calibration block step. In this example, the transducer
is coupled to the 0.500 in (12,7 mm) step.
the gate threshold. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is approximately
80 %.
Figure 8-3 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Straight-Beam Transducer
9. A thickness reading appears in large text in measurement location 1. Once a steady

reading is achieved, press [F1]. The screen freezes and a popup box appears on the screen.
Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.

Figure 8-4 Entering a Thick Standard Value
10. Press [F1] to complete the calibration. The zero (offset) and velocity parameters adjust
automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any gated echo displays on the screen.
Note: It is possible to use the auto-calibration feature on a single test block of

known thickness. You can use multiple backwall echoes instead of coupling on both a
thin step and a thick step. You can leave the transducer coupled on the thin step, move
the gate over to one of the multiple backwall echoes, and enter the correct soundpath
thickness (2, 3, 4, and so on multiple of the first backwall echo) during the velocity
portion of the calibration.
8.3 Calibration with a Delay-Line Transducer
The sample delay line calibration described below is performed using Olympus NDT
transducer part number V202-RM, with a frequency of 10.0 MHz and an element diameter of
0.25 in (6,35 mm). The calibration requires a test block with two known thicknesses, made
from the material to be measured. Ideally, the two thickness measurements are both below and
above the expected thickness of the material to be inspected.
74 Chapter 8
For this example, we are using Olympus NDT standard 5-step steel-test block, part number
2214E. The steps measure 0.100 in (2,54 mm), 0.200 in (5,08 mm), 0.300 in (7,62 mm),
0.400 in (10,16 mm), and 0.500 in (12,7 mm).
Note: If the EPOCH LTC is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is
exactly the same, except that the entries below will be in millimeters, rather than inches.
To calibrate using a delay line transducer
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer post on the
EPOCH LTC. With a zero offset of 0.000 µs, the initial pulse should appear on the left
side of the screen. Increase the zero offset until the initial moves off the left side of the
screen and the interface echo from the end of the delay-line tip appears on the screen.
Verify that the echo represents the end of the delay by tapping your finger on the end of
the couplant-coated delay line. This dampens the signal and the echo should jump up and
down on the screen. Use the zero offset to move this echo to the left side of the screen so
that it is barely visible.
will be coupled to the 0.100 in (2,54 mm) step.
80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text in measurement location 1.
Note: Ensure that it is the first backwall echo being gated, not a multiple echo
from the end of the delay-line tip.

Figure 8-5 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Delay-Line Transducer
5. When the reading is steady, Press [F1]. The screen freezes and a popup box appears on the
screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.
76 Chapter 8
7. The display returns to the live A-scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK calibration
block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in (12,7 mm) step.
80 %. A thickness reading appears in large text in measurement location 1.
Figure 8-7 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Delay Line Transducer
9. Press [F1] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a pop-up box appears again
on the screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.

10. Press [F1] to complete the auto-calibration. The zero (offset) and velocity parameters
adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any gated echo is displayed on
the screen.
Note: It is possible to use auto-calibration on a single test block of known

thickness. You can use multiple backwall echoes instead of coupling on both a thin step
and a thick step. You can leave the transducer coupled on the thin step, and instead
move the gate over to one of the multiple backwall echoes and then enter the correct
soundpath thickness (2, 3, 4, and so on multiple of the first backwall echo) during the
velocity portion of the calibration.
8.4 Calibration with a Dual-Element Transducer
The sample dual element calibration described below is performed using Olympus NDT
transducer (part number DHC711-RM) with a frequency of 5.0 MHz and an element diameter
of 0.25 in (6,35 mm). The calibration requires a test block with two known thicknesses made
from the material being measured. Ideally, the two thicknesses should represent thicknesses
that are both below and above the expected thickness of the material to be inspected. For this
example, we are using Olympus NDT standard 5-step steel test block (part number 2214E). It
78 Chapter 8
has steps measuring 0.100 in (2,54 mm), 0.200 in (5,08 mm), 0.300 in (7,62 mm), 0.400 in
(10,16 mm), and 0.500 in (12,7 mm).
Note: If the EPOCH LTC is set to work in metric units, the calibration process is
exactly the same, except that the entries below will be in millimeters, rather than inches.
Note: Due to the acoustic characteristics of dual transducers, a nonlinearity in the

distance calibration occurs as the thickness of the material decreases. The point of
maximum sensitivity is determined by the “roof angle” of the particular dual transducer.
We recommend that the distance calibration is carried out using a step block that covers
the range of interest. Be careful when interpreting thickness readings made outside the
calibrated range. The EPOCH LTC does not have V-path correction; therefore, there
might be some nonlinearity within the calibrated range depending on the minimum
thickness used in the calibration process.
The zero offset value of dual-element transducers can vary significantly at extreme
temperatures. If the temperature changes more than a few degrees from the temperature at
which the zero offset value was established, recheck its value. If thickness measurements are to
be made over a wide temperature range, we strongly recommend the use of Olympus NDT
dual transducers that are designed for high-temperature applications and that have built-in
delay lines with a stable sound velocity that does not change significantly with temperature.
Specific recommendations are Olympus NDT D790-SM and D791 dual element transducers.
To calibrate using a Dual Element transducer
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer posts on the
EPOCH LTC. Change the test mode to dual. Also, when using a dual-element transducer,
the gain setting is generally set very high so that the leading edge of the backwall echoes
appear as nearly vertical lines on the screen. The leading edge is then used when making
thickness measurements. For this reason, the EPOCH LTC should be set to edge detection
mode.

will be coupled to the 0.100 in (2,54 mm) step. As noted above, a higher gain setting is
required to produce a clean leading edge of the signal. Do not be concerned with the
jagged peaks of the echo. Concentrate on the leading edge only.
4. Position gate 1 so that the leading edge of the backwall echo from the known thickness
step is exceeding the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large text in
measurement location 1.
Figure 8-9 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Dual-Element Transducer
5. Press [F1] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a popup box appears on the
screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.
80 Chapter 8

7. The display returns to the live A-Scan. Couple the transducer to the THICK calibration
block step. For this example, the transducer is coupled to the 0.500 in (12,7 mm) step.
8. Position gate 1 so that the leading edge of the backwall echo from the known thickness
step is exceeding the gate threshold. A thickness reading appears in large text in
measurement location 1.

Figure 8-11 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Dual-Element Transducer
9. Press [F1] once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a popup box appears again
on the screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known thickness of the test sample.
10. Press [F1] to complete the auto-calibration. The zero (offset) and velocity parameters
adjust automatically, and the correct thickness reading of any gated echo is displayed on
the screen.
82 Chapter 8
8.5 Calibrating with an Angle-Beam Transducer
The sample angle beam calibration described below is performed using Olympus NDT
transducer part number A430S-SB with a frequency of 2.25 MHz and an element size of
0.625 in x 0.625 in (15,875 mm x 15,875 mm). The transducer is mounted on a 45° wedge,
part number ABWS-6-45. We recommend using either an ASTM E-164 IIW Type I or a U.S.
Air Force IIW Type II calibration block for this calibration procedure. The steps below use
Olympus NDT IIW Type I carbon-steel calibration block, part number TB7541-1.
To calibrate using an angle beam transducer
transducer to an appropriate cable and then connect the cable to the transducer post on the
EPOCH LTC.
2. Enter the correct refracted angle for the transducer/wedge combination. For this example,
enter 45°.
3. Enter the approximate shear-wave velocity of the material being inspected. For this
example using carbon steel, enter a velocity of 0.1280 in/µs (3,251 m/sec if working in
metric units).
4. Enter an appropriate range for the test block being used. For this example, enter a range of
12.000 in (304.8 mm if working in metric units).
Review section 8.5.1 on page 84 to section 8.5.4 on page 89 for the following procedures:
• Locating the beam index point (BIP)

• Verifying the refracted angle (Beta)
• Calibrating for distance
• Calibrating for sensitivity
Note: If the EPOCH LTC is set to work in metric units in each procedure listed
above, the calibration process is exactly the same, except that the entries below will be
in millimeters, rather than inches.

8.5.1 Locating the Beam Index Point (BIP)
To locate the BIP
1. Couple the probe to the test block at the “0” mark.
Figure 8-13 Reference Block Displaying “0” Mark
2. Manipulate the probe until a high-amplitude signal appears on the screen after the initial
pulse. This is the reflection from the large arc of the block that is located on the Type I
block at 4 in (101,6 mm).
3. Move the probe forward and backward to bring the echo to its maximum amplitude
(peak). Make sure the echoes do not exceed 100 %. Reduce the gain setting if necessary.
Note: The peak memory feature on the EPOCH LTC is an excellent tool to aid in
finding the BIP. Press [2ND F], [SYSTEM MENU] (PEAK MEM) to turn on the
feature. This feature draws and collects the echo envelope of the signal while also
drawing the live waveform. Match the live waveform with the maximum point
corresponding to the previously accumulated echo-dynamic curve. Press [2ND F],
[SYSTEM MENU] (PEAK MEM) again to turn off the feature.
4. Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal and mark the side of the
transducer wedge directly over the “0” mark on the block. This is the BIP – the point at
which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the material with maximum energy.
84 Chapter 8
8.5.2 Verifying the Refracted Angle (Beta)
The refracted angle of the probe should already have been entered in the EPOCH LTC in the
initial steps of the calibration procedure. Although the wedge may be marked 45°, for example,
the actual refracted angle could be slightly different due to the properties of the test material or
the amount of wear on the wedge. It is necessary to verify the actual angle. This ensures that
the EPOCH LTC’s soundpath calculations are accurate.
To verify the refracted angle
1. Position the probe over the appropriate angle mark on the block, which is 45° in this
example.
Figure 8-14 Verifying Refracted Angle
2. Move the probe backward and forward to “peak up” the echo coming from the large
circular hole in the side of the block. The circular hole may be filled with Plexiglas, but
the procedure is the same.
Tip: The peak memory feature on the EPOCH LTC is an excellent tool to aid in
finding the peak of the signal.
3. Hold the probe stationary once you have peaked up the signal. Note the degree mark on
the block that lines up with the BIP, which you marked on the side of the wedge in the
previous step. This is the actual refracted angle (Beta) for this particular transducer and

wedge in steel. If this value for Beta differs from the value entered previously, enter the
corrected angle now using the angle parameter located in the BASE tab.
8.5.3 Calibrating for Distance
Note: This step differs depending on which type of IIW calibration block is used.
The ASTM E-164 IIW Type I Block, which has a crescent cut in the side, produces echoes at
4 in (101,6 mm) and 9 in (228,6 mm) on the screen. The U.S. Air Force IIW Type II Block,
which has a large cutout in the side, produces echoes at 2 in (50,8 mm) and 4 in (101,6 mm) on
the screen. The procedure to follow uses the Olympus NDT IIW Type I carbon steel calibration
block, part number TB7541-1.
We recommend that the EPOCH LTC’s Range parameter be set to 12 in (304,8 mm) for this
step. Regardless of whether a Type I or Type II Calibration block is used, this should ensure
that the echoes from the block are visible on screen.
To calibrate for distance
1. Couple the probe to the block so that the BIP is directly over the “0” mark on the ASTM
test block (or the Air Force block). Do not move the transducer from this point during this
step.
2. Press the [CAL] key.
3. Position gate 1 so that the echo reflection from the 4 in. (101,6 mm) arc (this should be the
first large echo after the main bang) is exceeding the gate threshold.
4. Adjust the gain setting so that the echo amplitude is approximately 80 %. A thickness
reading appears in large text in measurement location 1.
86 Chapter 8
Figure 8-15 Calibrating for distance
5. Press [F1] CAL THIN once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a popup box
appears on the screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known soundpath distance
for this arc.

6. Press [F1] to continue. The display returns to the live A-scan.
7. Position gate 1 so that the echo from the 1 in (25,4 mm) crescent is exceeding the gate
threshold. This echo is generally located at approximately the ninth or tenth screen
division and is usually the 3rd echo after the main bang.
8. Adjust the gain setting so that this echo amplitude is approximately 40 %. A thickness
reading appears in large text in measurement location 1.
Note: Another echo might be present on the screen at approximately the eighth or
ninth screen division. Disregard this echo as it is usually the result of beam spreading
and sound bouncing off the side of the block. Ensure gate 1 is not over this echo.
Figure 8-17 Adjusting Gain
9. Press [F1] CAL THICK once the reading is steady. The screen freezes and a popup box
appears again on the screen. Use the slewing keys to enter the exact known soundpath
distance for this crescent.
88 Chapter 8
10. Press [F1] to calculate and complete the auto-calibration. The zero (offset) and velocity
parameters adjust automatically, and the correct soundpath readings of any gated echoes
are displayed on the screen.
8.5.4 Calibrating for Sensitivity

The final step in the angle beam calibration is to calibrate for sensitivity. This lets you set up a
reference gain level.
To calibrate for sensitivity
1. Couple the probe to the IIW calibration block so that the transducer is aimed at the
0.060 in (1,524 mm) diameter side-drilled hole, which is used as a reference reflector.

0.006”
Side Drilled Hole
Figure 8-19 IIW Calibration Block with 0.060 in (1,524 mm) Diameter Drilled Hole
2. Move the probe forward and backward until you have “peaked up” the return signal from
the hole (that is, found the maximum amplitude). Do not confuse the reference reflector
echo from the side of the block.
Tip: The peak memory feature on the EPOCH LTC is an excellent tool to aid in
finding the peak of the signal.
3. Adjust the system sensitivity (gain) up or down once the echo is peaked up to bring the
reference reflector signal to a predetermined reference line on the screen. In this example,
the echo is brought to 80 % of full-screen height.
4. Press [2ND F], [GAIN] (REF) to lock in the reference-gain level and add/subtract
scanning gain separately.
90 Chapter 8
9. Managing the Instrument Datalogger
Sections in this chapter are as follows:
• “Datalogger Storage Capacity”

• “Datalogger Menu”
— Creating files
— File types
— Opening data files
— Saving to data files
— File review
— Recalling instrument setups
This chapter describes how to manage the EPOCH LTC internal datalogger including:
• Data organized by file and identifier (ID) codes

• Alphanumeric filenames and identifier (ID) codes
• File description, inspector ID, and location note field for every file
• File types
— Incremental files
— CAL files
• Ability to edit files and add and delete IDs, rename files, clear file contents, and delete
files
• On-screen review of all file contents
Managing the Instrument Datalogger 91

9.1 Datalogger Storage Capacity
The EPOCH LTC datalogger is designed to store the following information every time the
operator presses the [SAVE] key:
• File name
• Identifier (ID) code
• Alarm conditions
• Gate measurement modes
• Soundpath leg for each gate
• 0 to 4 measurements – Instrument saves all active measurements selected by the operator
to display on the instrument screen.
• A-scan waveform
• Peak memory envelope, if active
• Complete setup parameters
• Flag status ([FREEZE], (ZOOM), (PEAK MEM), etc.)
• Active software feature(s) (DAC/TVG, DGS/AVG, etc.)
The EPOCH LTC datalogger can store up to 50,000 IDs in onboard memory with the
information listed above. All data is stored for every ID that the operator chooses to save.
9.2 Datalogger Menu
The EPOCH LTC Datalogger menu is accessed by pressing [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). This will
bring the operator to a tabbed menu similar to the [SYSTEM MENU] discussed in this
manual. The EPOCH LTC Datalogger menu has four tabs organizing datalogger functions:
open, review, create, and delete. These tabs are covered in detail below. When the operator first
enters the datalogger, the operator sees a screen similar to the screen shown in Figure 9-1 on
page 93.
92 Chapter 9
Figure 9-1 Datalogger OPEN Tab
9.2.1 Creating Data Files

To create files onboard the instrument, the operator must enter the datalogger menu [2ND F],
[ID] (FILE) and access the CREATE tab shown in Figure 9-2 on page 93.
Figure 9-2 Datalogger CREATE Tab

On this screen, the operator performs the following operations:
• Enters a file name

• Enters a file description, if desired
• Enters an inspector ID, if desired
• Enters a location note, if desired
• Chooses a file type to create
• Enters an ID prefix (up to 11 characters)
• Enters a start ID
The operator can then press [ENTER] on the CREATE button to create the data file and place
it in the instrument’s list of available files shown in section 9.2 on page 92 of this manual.
9.2.2 Data File Types

The EPOCH LTC allows the operator to create two types of files:
• Incremental files for data storage

• CAL files for storage of instrument setups
9.2.2.1 Incremental File

After the operator enters a starting ID number, the EPOCH LTC automatically increments the
subsequent ID numbers using the following incrementing rules:
• Only that portion of an ID number consisting of digits and letters (no punctuation marks)
beginning with the rightmost character and extending left to the first punctuation mark or
to the leftmost character (whichever comes first) can increment.
• Digits are cycled 0, 1, 2, ..., 9, 0, etc. The 9 to 0 transition is done only after incrementing
the character to the left. Letters are cycled A, B, C, ..., Z, A, etc. The Z to A transition is
done only after incrementing the character to the left. In either case, if there is no character
to the left or if the character to the left is a punctuation mark, then the ID number cannot
increment.
• If an ID number cannot increment, then after a reading is saved, an error beep sounds and
the momentary message Cannot increment ID! is shown on the display above the
function keys. Subsequent saves overwrite readings if the operator does not manually
change the ID number first.
94 Chapter 9
Note: To make the instrument increment through a range of numbers several
digits wide while beginning with a single digit ID number, the maximum number of
digit positions must be entered initially using leading zeroes.
1. Initial 1 4. Initial 0001

2 0002
3 0003
. .
. .
. .
Limit 9 0009
2. Initial ABC 0010
ABD .
ABE .
. .
. Limit 9999
. 5. Initial 1A
ABZ 1B
ACA 1C
ACB .
. .
. .
. 1Z
Limit ZZZ 2A
3. Initial ABC*12*34 2B
ABC*12*35 .
ABC*12*36 .
. .
. Limit 9Z
.
Limit ABC*12*99
Figure 9-3 Automatically Generated Incremented ID Number Series

To create an Incremental file
1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The datalogger menu opens.

2. Press the right arrow key to highlight the CREATE tab. Press [ENTER] to access the
CREATE tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the incremental (INC) file type. To continue,
press [ENTER].
4. Use the arrow keys to enter the desired file name. To continue, press [ENTER].
5. Enter description, inspector ID, and location note information if desired. To continue,
press [ENTER].
6. Enter the desired ID prefix. To continue, press [ENTER].
7. Enter the starting ID. To continue, press [ENTER].
8. Press [ENTER] on the CREATE button to create the file. The file then appears in the file
list located in the OPEN tab.
9.2.2.2 CAL File

A CAL file is designed for storage of instrument setups (calibrations). These files may only
contain ONE saved ID at a time. This allows the operator to rapidly recall an instrument setup,
either from the datalogger menu, or by using the [SETUP RECALL] function on the
instrument keypad.
To create a CAL file
1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE). The datalogger menu opens.

2. Press the right arrow key to highlight the CREATE tab. Press [ENTER] to access the
CREATE tab.
3. Use the up and down arrow keys to select the CAL file type. To continue, press [ENTER].
4. Use the arrow keys to enter the desired file name. To continue, press [ENTER].
5. Enter description, inspector ID, and location note information if desired. To continue,
press [ENTER].
6. Enter the calibration ID. To continue, press [ENTER].
7. Press [ENTER] on the CREATE button to create the file. The file then appears in the file
list located in the OPEN tab.
96 Chapter 9
Figure 9-4 Datalogger CREATE Tab
9.2.3 Opening Data Files

The EPOCH LTC lists all files that have been created or downloaded to the instrument in a list
within the datalogger menu [2ND F], [ID] (FILE) > OPEN tab shown in Figure 9-5 on
page 97.
Figure 9-5 Opening Data File Screen

The highlighted file “TESTFILE” is an incremental file. To open this file, the operator presses
the [F2] OPEN key, which brings the operator back to the live screen. The active file is now
“TESTFILE”.
The operator may also view additional file information by pressing the [F1] Details key as
shown in Figure 9-6 on page 98.
Figure 9-6 FILE DETAILS Screen
Note: The open function does not recall any instrument setup or calibration to the
live screen. This function simply opens the selected file so that the operator may save
data.
Once the file has been opened, the operator may begin saving data by pressing the [SAVE] key.
The EPOCH LTC will attempt to save data to the ID displayed. In most cases, the ID will not
already contain data. However, in some cases the ID will already contain saved information. In
this case, the EPOCH LTC displays a prompt that asks if the operator would like to over-write
or abort.
98 Chapter 9
When there is an active file open, the operator may press the [ID] key to edit the current ID.
There are four actions displayed above the [F1] to [F4] keys:
• [F1] DONE – Accepts any changes to the active ID that the operator has made.
• [F2] INS CHAR (Insert Character) – Inserts a blank character in the ID after the cursor
position
• [F3] DEL CHAR (Delete Character) – Deletes the character or space in front of the
cursor.
• [F4] CANCEL – Removes all changes made since the ID was accessed.
9.2.4 Saving to Data Files

The EPOCH LTC always allows the operator to save data to a user-selected file or to the
default Incremental file called “noname00”. The default file is active when the instrument
starts up, and the active ID will be either 001 or the first empty ID within the default file. The
operator may also create a new incremental file for data storage in the datalogger menu as
described in section 9.2.1 on page 93.
When the operator presses the [SAVE] key, the EPOCH LTC saves the following information:
• Filename
• ID
• Up to 4 measurements (operator selected)
• A-scan waveform
• All instrument setup parameters
• Alarm information
• Any display flags
• Gate measurement mode icon(s)
• Leg indicator(s)
• Any displayed peak memory envelope
• Software feature/option setups
9.2.5 File Review

The EPOCH LTC datalogger allows the operator to review inspection data and calibrations on
the instrument in the file REVIEW tab shown in Figure 9-7 on page 100.

Figure 9-7 REVIEW Tab
There are two main functions within this tab:
• File details shows the file name, description, inspector ID, location note, file type, date
created, date modified, and total ID count as shown in Figure 9-8 on page 100.
Figure 9-8 FILE DETAILS Screen
100 Chapter 9
• File contents shows the operator the saved IDs within the file. The operator is able to
access two separate views for each ID.
— The first view shows the ID number, A-scan, measurements, display flags and
markers, gate measurement icon(s), gain, velocity, delay, and range.
Figure 9-9 ID Review (File Contents) Waveform View
— The second view shows the ID Number and all setup parameters.

Figure 9-10 ID Review (File Contents) Setup View
While viewing the contents of a file, the operator has several functions available:
• Up and down arrows – Allows the operator to move from one ID to the next within the
file.
• Left and right arrows – Allows the operator to edit the displayed ID number and jump to
a specific ID by pressing the [ENTER] key.
• [F1] key – Switches between the Waveform and Setup views for the selected ID.
• [F2] key – Recalls the selected ID setup and brings the operator to the live screen.
• [F4] key – Cancels the Contents view and brings the operator back to the REVIEW tab.
9.2.6 Recalling Instrument Setups (Calibrations)

To recall a stored instrument setup (calibration), the operator has two methods available:
• Quick calibration recall

• Standard recall
102 Chapter 9
9.2.6.1 Quick Calibration Recall
The operator may recall a stored instrument setup (calibration) from any CAL file by pressing
[2ND F], [CAL] (RECALL SETUP). This will display a list of all of the CAL files that are
stored in the EPOCH LTC’s datalogger. The Quick Calibration Recall menu is shown in
Figure 9-11 on page 103.
Figure 9-11 SETUP RECALL Screen
The operator must highlight the desired CAL file, press the [F1] key to view file details if
desired, and press the [F2] key to recall the file. Since there is only one ID allowed in a CAL
file, the operator does not need to view the IDs individually. When the file is recalled, the
instrument displays the stored A-scan on the live screen for the operator’s reference. The
operator must press the [MEAS/RESET] key to go live and take measurements.

9.2.6.2 Standard Recall
The standard recall procedure may be executed for IDs within incremental files or CAL files.
To use the Standard Recall procedure
1. Press [2ND F], [ID] (FILE) to enter the datalogger menu.

2. Press the right arrow key to access the REVIEW tab.
3. Use the down arrow key to highlight the desired file.
4. Press [F2] to view the contents of the file.
5. For incremental files, the operator must access the desired ID using the up and down
arrow keys. For CAL files, there is only one ID per file.
6. Press [F2] to recall the selected ID.
7. Press [MEAS/RESET] to go live.
104 Chapter 9
10. Software Features and Options
This chapter describes the following topics:
• “Defining Licensed/Unlicensed Options”

• “Dynamic DAC/TVG”
• “DGS/AVG”
The EPOCH LTC comes standard with Dynamic DAC/TVG and has seven onboard software
options:
• DGS/AVG
• Manual PRF control
• Extended range
• Gate 2
• Tunable square wave pulser
• Curved surface correction
• AWS D1.1/D1.5
10.1 Defining Licensed/Unlicensed Options
All of the available options are listed in the [SYSTEM MENU] > OPTIONS tab. If an option
is active in the instrument, then the operator is able to highlight it and see that the OPTION
STATUS parameter reads LICENSED. If the option is not activated, then the OPTION
STATUS parameter reads UNLICENSED and a location to enter an activation code is
available as shown in Figure 10-1 on page 106.
Software Features and Options 105

Figure 10-1 OPTIONS Screen
Software options can be added to the EPOCH LTC at an additional cost. This activation can be
performed at the factory before the instrument is shipped or can be done remotely with an
access code. You must contact Olympus NDT to have access codes generated.
10.2 Dynamic DAC/TVG
10.2.1 Description
A distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve is used to plot amplitude variations of signals
from reflectors of the same size, but at different distances from the transducer. Normally, these
reflectors produce echoes of varying amplitude due to material attenuation and beam spread as
the sound beam travels through the part. The purpose of the DAC curve is to graphically
compensate for material attenuation, nearfield effects, beam spread, and surface roughness.
After plotting a DAC curve, reflectors of the same size as those used for creation of the curve
produce echoes that peak along the curve despite different locations within the test piece.
Similarly, reflectors that are smaller than those used to create the curve fall below the level,
while larger reflectors exceed the curve level.
When a DAC curve is created in the EPOCH LTC, the instrument also creates a time-varied
gain (TVG) setup. TVG is used to compensate for the same factors as DAC, but the
presentation is different. Instead of drawing a curve across the display that follows the
106 Chapter 10
reference reflector peaks downward as sound is attenuated, the TVG setup amplifies the gain
as a function of time (distance) to bring the reference reflectors to the same screen height (80%
FSH).
The EPOCH LTC DAC/TVG feature allows the user to toggle between DAC and TVG views
in many of its modes, allowing the freedom to use both techniques during a single inspection.
When the operator switches from DAC to TVG view, the DAC curves are displayed as TVG
lines across the screen. The time varied gain effectively amplifies signals across the time base
to make the DAC curves appear as straight lines across the screen.
Users can customize DAC/TVG setups to their unique application requirements using the
flexible DAC/TVG software feature for the EPOCH LTC. The DAC/TVG feature incorporates
several DAC/TVG modes that adhere to ASME, ASME-3, and JIS sizing codes. The software
offers direct control of gain, range, zero offset, and delay, as well as scanning gain and transfer
correction. In addition, the DAC/TVG option provides a custom DAC/TVG feature that allows
the operator to set the height of up to three (3) DAC warning curves.
10.2.2 Option Activation and Reference Correct

Prior to the activation of any options associated with DAC/TVG, the instrument must be
properly calibrated to the material being inspected. The DAC/TVG option is located under the
[SYSTEM MENU] > DAC/TVG tab.
To begin the activation process
1. Access the tab.

2. Highlight DAC/TVG mode.
3. Use the arrow keys or the function keys to highlight the desired DAC/TVG function.
The user may also choose to apply a feature known as reference correction (REF CORRECT)
to the digital analysis of the live A-scan and DAC/TVG option. The reference correction
feature, when activated, allows full gain manipulation of either the live echo peaks or the DAC
curve while providing the % amplitude or dB comparison of the actual peak-to-curve ratio. In
this way, the operator can use scanning gain, while maintaining an accurate digital
measurement of the ratio of the gated peak to the DAC curve for sizing purposes. The gated
echo amplitude is corrected back to the reference gain level for amplitude evaluation compared
to the DAC curve.
Once the operator has selected the type of DAC/TVG setup for the application, the operator
must press the [MEAS RESET] key to return to the live A-scan screen to begin DAC/TVG
setup.

The sections below describe DAC/TVG modes. The DAC/TVG setup procedure is the same
for all modes. The setup is described in detail in the ASME/ASME III section to follow. Any
differences in the procedure to set up other DAC/TVG modes will be discussed in the pertinent
section for that particular mode.
10.2.3 ASME & ASME III DAC/TVG

The ASME DAC mode is a single DAC curve drawn from peak to peak on reference
reflectors. The ASME III mode draws three DAC curves: one main curve from peak to peak on
the reference reflectors and two warning curves at –6 dB and –14 dB compared to the main
curve.
10.2.4 ASME III DAC Setup Example

Once the operator has entered the [SYSTEM MENU] > DAC/TVG tab and selected
ASME III as the DAC/TVG mode, the operator must press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the
live instrument screen.
To capture DAC points, the operator must move gate 1 to the echo, press [F4] AUTO–80% to
bring the echo to 80% FSH, and press [F1] to capture the point. An “×” symbol will be placed
on the echo peak.
The operator then moves the gate to capture the second DAC/TVG point. The AUTO–80%
function should be used to bring the second point to 80% full-screen height. This assures that
the point is captured accurately because amplitude resolution is better at greater echo heights.
This also pushes the first captured echo over 110% FSH, so the main DAC curve and the
warning curves extend downward to the second point from off-screen.
If the operator would like to continue from this point and capture additional points, the
operator may increase the instrument range or increase the display delay to view echoes further
out in time. If the setup is complete, then the operator presses [F3] DONE to complete the
setup.
Now that DAC is active, the instrument has some special settings available for operator
adjustment:
• Amplitude to curve and dB to curve – The operator may now use amplitude-to-curve
and dB-to-curve measurements. These are activated in the [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS
tab. These measurements can always be selected by the operator, but they will not display
measurements unless a DAC/TVG curve is on-screen.
• TVG view function ([F1] key) – The operator may press [F1] to activate the TVG view
for the active DAC/TVG setup.
108 Chapter 10
• DAC gain function ([F2] key) – This is a gain setting that affects the DAC curves and the
onscreen echoes allowing amplitude comparison at code compliant screen levels across
the time base.
• Gain step function ([F3] key) – This setting selects the step (0.1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12 dB) for the
DAC gain adjustment.
• Next DAC function ([F4] key) – With this setting, the operator can cycle through the
available DAC curves (if more than one is available) for amplitude comparison with on-
screen echoes.
While DAC/TVG is active, the operator has full control of the range, delay, and zoom settings.
With this, the operator can focus on areas of interest within the DAC setup.
10.2.5 Gain Adjustment Options

The DAC/TVG software features three separate types of gain adjustment for each DAC/TVG
setup. These gain adjustments allow for better inspection precision, easy manipulation of
curves and live peak information, and transfer correction.
In order to quickly find and identify potential defects, it is commonly required by code to
increase the gain (scanning gain) on the EPOCH LTC from the reference (calibration) gain for
scanning purposes. However, once a potential defect is identified, this gain is usually removed
to view the reflector at reference gain level, set at calibration. The DAC/TVG software for the
EPOCH LTC is fully capable of adding temporary scanning gain for inspection purposes. This
scanning gain affects only the live A-scan and does not adjust the level of the DAC curve(s) set
up on screen.
To add temporary scanning gain
1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow keys for
fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level. The scanning gain is
displayed at the lower-left area of the screen.
3. Once the desired scanning gain level is set, the operator may press [GAIN] and use the
[F2] SCAN DB function key to toggle between the base (reference) gain and the adjusted
scanning gain.
4. Scanning gain is disabled by pressing [GAIN] and then [F3] OFF.
When reference correction is active, the digital comparison between a captured reflector and
the DAC curve will be accurate even with scanning gain applied to the inspection provided that
the gated echo is not saturated. The instrument compares the echo height to the DAC curve,
compensates for the added scanning gain, and reports the true-amplitude comparison.

10.2.6 Curve Adjustment Gain (DAC Gain or TVG Gain)
The overall gain level of the entire DAC curve and TVG line setup can be adjusted higher or
lower from the reference gain. Most inspection codes do not permit reflectors to be sized
below 20 % of FSH. Therefore, to inspect beyond a certain depth/soundpath time within a part,
it is necessary to raise the gain of both the live A-scan and the DAC curve to continue the
inspection. This is accomplished on the EPOCH LTC using the DAC curve adjustment gain.
To adjust the gain
1. Press the [F3] GAIN STEP key to choose the increment of the gain adjustment desired.
2. Press the [F2] DAC GAIN key and use the up and down arrows to adjust the curve
adjustment gain by the selected increment either positive or negative.
10.2.7 Transfer Correction

Transfer correction is an adjustment in the reference gain setting during calibration of the
instrument and is typically added when the surface conditions between a calibration block and
test piece are different. The coupling conditions on the test surface can often cause signal loss
after calibrating a DAC curve, which results in inaccurate comparisons of the test reflectors
with the calibrated DAC curve. The EPOCH LTC can easily adjust for this potential difference
by adding transfer correction to the calibrated base gain after completing the DAC curve setup.
To add transfer correction to a completed DAC curve
1. Press the [GAIN] key.

2. Use the up and down arrow keys for coarse adjustment or the left and right arrow keys for
fine adjustment to bring the scanning gain to the desired level for transfer correction. The
scanning gain is displayed at the lower left area of the screen.
3. Once the desired scanning gain is displayed, press the function key [F1] ADD to add the
scanning gain to the base gain and to apply the transfer correction.
10.2.8 JIS DAC

The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) DAC mode is designed to meet the requirements of JIS
Z3060. The JIS DAC curve setup is identical to the standard DAC/TVG setup. However, there
are some minor functionality differences when compared to other DAC/TVG modes.
Any of the six curves can be used to trip the alarm when in the JIS DAC mode. Additionally,
you can set the alarm to positive or negative. To select which curve will be used as the alarm
reference level, first activate JIS DAC and then use the [F4] function key to select which curve
110 Chapter 10
to use for the alarm threshold. The selected curve appears as a double thickness line. Once a
curve has been selected, an alarm can be activated and set to be either the positive or negative
threshold detection by pressing [GATES] and pressing [ENTER] three times.
10.2.9 Custom DAC Curves Option

The DAC/TVG software option for the EPOCH LTC features a customizable DAC curve setup
that allows operators to define up to six additional reference curves from the primary curve at
varying levels from –24 dB to +24 dB. The Custom DAC Curves option is ideal for unique
sizing inspections and procedure development. The Custom DAC Curve function also allows
the option of either a straight-line connection or a curved, polynomial connection of each point
of the DAC curve to meet various international or customer-specific requirements.
To activate and set up the customized curves
1. Enter the [SYSTEM MENU] > DAC/TVG tab.

2. Select DAC/TVG MODE > CUSTOM.
3. Select the curve type – Polynomial (curved) or straight-line segments.
4. Select the Number of Warning Curves that will be used in addition to the Main Curve (for
example, if three (3) curves are activated, the operator will see 4 curves in total).
5. Set the dB level for each warning curve compared to the main curve.
6. Press [MEAS/RESET] to return to the live screen and begin to capture DAC points.
The custom DAC/TVG setup and functionality are the same as ASME & ASME III discussed
earlier in this section. Once the custom DAC curve points have been captured and completed,
the operator has full capability to toggle between DAC and TVG views, manipulate range,
delay, zero (offset), and angle, and also to add necessary scanning gain, curve gain adjustment,
or transfer correction. The TVG view of any custom DAC curve includes user-defined
reference curves as well as the primary DAC curve. Custom DAC curve also incorporates
reference correction functionality, if desired.
10.3 DGS/AVG
10.3.1 Description
The Onboard DGS/AVG option in the EPOCH LTC permits complete DGS/AVG setups to be
performed on the instrument. With the DGS/AVG method, the operator can size defects based
upon a calculated DGS/AVG curve for a given transducer, material, and reflector size. This
method requires that the operator only have one reference reflector in order to create a DGS

curve for flaw sizing. This is much different than the DAC or TVG method that requires that
the operator have representative defects at various depths within a part in order to create a
curve for flaw sizing.
In order for the operator to setup DGS/AVG curves on the instrument very quickly,
Olympus NDT has developed a transducer library that is stored in the instrument’s memory.
This library contains the entire Atlas Series European specification transducers as well as
several other transducers that are commonly used by inspectors. The library includes five
categories:
• Straight contact (includes protected face)

• Angle beam transducers
• Dual transducers
• Custom straight contact
• Custom angle beam
All required data for building DGS/AVG curves is stored in the instrument’s memory for each
transducer in the library. If an operator would like to use a probe that is not in the default
library, the operator can enter the required transducer characteristics in the GageView Pro
interface program and download them to the EPOCH LTC. Probes that are downloaded to the
instrument appear in the custom transducers section of the transducer library.
The Onboard DGS/AVG option provides the operator with rapid setup times and easy flaw size
evaluation. This software option meets the requirements of EN 583-2:2001.
Note: It is extremely important that the operator be familiar with this

specification and others, and is qualified according to local standards to properly use
this instrument function. Since the curves used for defect sizing are calculated based
upon many variables, a proper instrument setup is required for accurate results.
10.3.2 Option Activation

Before activating the DGS/AVG option, the operator must properly set up the EPOCH LTC’s
pulser/receiver settings for the transducer that will be used. The operator should also perform
an instrument calibration.
112 Chapter 10
To activate the DGS/AVG option after the instrument is properly setup and
calibrated
1. The DGS/AVG option is activated in the EPOCH LTC’s [SYSTEM MENU] > DGS/AVG
tab. The operator must access the DGS/AVG tab, press the down arrow key to highlight
DGS/AVG, and press the right arrow key or [F2] ON.
2. Choose the transducer and reference reflector that will be used for the DGS AVG setup.
The operator can navigate through the Transducer library easily:
— Under PROBE TYPE, the operator must select the proper library.
— Under PROBE NAME, the instrument will display all probes in the selected library.
The operator must scroll through the list and select the probe. Press the down arrow
key to continue.
— Under REFLECTOR TYPE, the operator will find all of the potential reference
reflectors for the chosen probe.
For straight beam and dual probes, the available reflectors are:
— Backwall
— Side-drilled hole (SDH) – The operator must enter the reflector size.
For angle beam probes, the available reflectors are:
— K1-IIW block arc – If this option is selected, the operator will be prompted to enter a
delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the DGS Diagram
for the selected probe.
— K2-DSC block arc – If this option is selected, the operator will be prompted to enter a
delta Vk value later in the setup procedure. This value comes from the DGS diagram
for the selected probe.
— Side-drilled hole (SDH) – The operator must enter the reflector size.
— Flat-bottom hole (FBH) – The operator must enter the reflector size.
3. Adjust several DGS/AVG setup parameters so the instrument can draw the curves
accurately.
— Delta Vk (used for angle-beam setup only) – Correction value for angle beam
transducers. This value is located on the DGS/AVG diagram for the selected
transducer.
— Delta Vt – transfer correction. Value is used to compensate in amplitude differences
as a result of coupling variation (surface condition) from the calibration block to the
test piece. EN 583-2:2001 provides methods for calculating transfer correction.
— Registration level – Height of the main DGS/AVG curve. The curve represents the
amplitude from a flat-bottom hole with a diameter of the registration level at different
depths. This is usually equal to the critical flaw size for the application.

— Warning level – Position of the secondary DGS/AVG “warning” curve compared to
the position of the main DGS/AVG curve. If this value is set to zero, the warning
curve will be turned off.
— ACV specimen – Attenuation value in dB/m for the test piece (specimen). In some
cases, it is necessary to calculate the relative attenuation within the test piece and
enter the value here.
— ACV calibration block – Attenuation value in dB/m for the calibration block. In some
cases, it is necessary to calculate the relative attenuation within the calibration block
and enter the value here. The operator must use the up and down arrow keys to move
from one parameter to the next. The left and right arrow keys are used for adjusting
the individual settings. When this is complete, the operator must press the [MEAS/
RESET] key to continue.
Note: Trained operators must be aware of when it is necessary to apply values to

ACV specimen and ACV calibration block. These values affect the shape of the DGS/
AVG curve and will, therefore, affect the accuracy of defect sizing. A suggested method
for the measurement of relative attenuation can be found later in this manual.
4. Capture the reference reflector.

After pressing [MEAS/RESET] at the DGS/AVG setup menu, the operator will be brought to
the live A-scan screen. The operator must bring the echo from the reference reflector to 80 %
full-screen height and press the [F1] REF key to capture the echo. Once the reference echo has
been captured, the instrument will adjust the gain as needed and draw the DGS/AVG curves on
the screen.
Note: Equivalent flat-bottom-hole size measurement is being used, established in

the [SYSTEM MENU] > MEAS tab. The operator may also use the overshoot
measurement to compare echo height to the DGS/AVG curve in dB. Transfer correction
(delta Vt) is adjustable on the live screen. Registration level is adjustable on the live
screen.
114 Chapter 10
10.3.3 Relative Attenuation Measurement
There are several methods for measuring the ultrasonic attenuation within a material. Often the
procedure is designed to measure absolute attenuation in a material. This usually requires an
immersion test setup and a time-consuming set of measurements. For the purpose of flaw
sizing with the DGS/AVG method, it may be suitable in many conditions to measure relative
attenuation in your test piece or calibration block as needed. This section outlines one method
of relative attenuation measurement that is simple and has been found to be generally effective.
There might be more suitable methods available. The operator must decide the most
appropriate method to arrive at the values for ACV specimen and ACV calibration block based
on the application and local requirements.
10.3.3.1 Measurements
Vg = Gain difference between two successive backwall echoes (d and 2d)
Ve = From DGS/AVG diagram. Gain difference on backwall curve from d to 2d
10.3.3.2 Calculations
Vs = Vg - Ve [mm]
Sound Attenuation Coefficient Vs / 2d * 1000 [dB/m]

116 Chapter 10
Appendix A: Sound Velocities
Table 5 on page 117 lists the ultrasonic velocity in a variety of common materials. This is only
a guide. The actual velocity in these materials might vary significantly due to a variety of
causes, such as composition, preferred crystallographic orientation, porosity, and temperature.
For maximum accuracy, establish the sound velocity in a given material by first testing a
sample of the material.
Table 5 Ultrasonic Velocities in a Variety of Common Materials
Material V (in./µs) V (m/s)
Acrylic resin (Perspex) 0.107 2730
Aluminum 0.249 6320
Beryllium 0.508 12900
Brass, naval 0.174 4430
Copper 0.183 4660
Diamond 0.709 18000
Glycerin 0.076 1920
Inconel 0.229 5820
Iron, Cast (slow) 0.138 3500
Iron, Cast (fast) 0.220 5600
Iron oxide (magnetite) 0.232 5890
Lead 0.085 2160
Sound Velocities 117

Table 5 Ultrasonic Velocities in a Variety of Common Materials (continued)
Material V (in./µs) V (m/s)
Lucite 0.106 2680
Molybdenum 0.246 6250
Motor oil (SAE 20/30) 0.069 1740
Nickel, pure 0.222 5630
Polyamide (slow) 0.087 2200
Nylon, fast 0.102 2600
Polyethylene, high density (HDPE) 0.097 2460
Polyethylene, low density (LDPE) 0.082 2080
Polystyrene 0.092 2340
Polyvinylchloride, (PVC, hard) 0.094 2395
Rubber (polybutadiene) 0.063 1610
Silicon 0.379 9620
Silicone 0.058 1485
Steel, 1020 0.232 5890
Steel, 4340 0.230 5850
Steel, 302 austenitic stainless 0.223 5660
Steel, 347 austenitic stainless 0.226 5740
Tin 0.131 3320
Titanium, Ti 150A 0.240 6100
Tungsten 0.204 5180
Water (20°C) 0.0580 1480
Zinc 0.164 4170
Zirconium 0.183 4650
118 Appendix A
References
1. Folds, D. L. “Experimental Determination of Ultrasonic Wave Velocities in Plastics,
Elastomers, and Syntactic Foam as a Function of Temperature.” Naval Research and
Development Laboratory. Panama City, Florida, 1971.
2. Fredericks, J. R. Ultrasonic Engineering. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1965.
3. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Cleveland, Ohio: Chemical Rubber Co., 1963.
4. Mason, W. P. Physical Acoustics and the Properties of Solids. New York: D.Van Nostrand
Co., 1958.
5. Papadakis, E. P. Panametrics - unpublished notes, 1972.
Sound Velocities 119

120 Appendix A
Appendix B: Glossary
Table 6 Glossary
Term Definition
Acoustic Impedance A material property defined as the product of sound

velocity (C) and the material’s density (d).
Acoustic Interface The boundary between two media of different acoustic

impedance.
Acoustic Zero The point on the CRT display that represents the entry
surface of the specimen.
Amplifier An electronic device that increases the strength of a signal

fed into it by obtaining power from a source other than the
input signal.
Amplitude Referring to an indication on the CRT screen, the vertical

height of an indication measured from the lowest to the
highest point on the indication. In wave motion, the
maximum displacement of the particles of the material.
Angle Beam Transducer A transducer that transmits or receives the acoustic energy
at an angle to the surface to set up shear waves or surface
waves in the part being inspected.
Glossary 121
Table 6 Glossary (continued)
Term Definition
A-scan Pulse-echo format wherein the CRT display shows the

pulse travel time in the horizontal direction (left to right)
representing the corresponding sound paths. The vertical
direction (bottom to top) displays the maximum value of
the acoustic pressure echo amplitude received by the
probe.
Attenuation The loss in acoustic energy that occurs between any two
points of travel. This loss may be due to absorption,
reflection, and other phenomena.
Attenuation (M.L.A.) The loss of sound pressure in a travelling wavefront caused

by the scattering of some of the wave’s sound pressure by
the grain structure and/or porosity of the medium, and by
absorption, a conversion of sound energy into heat.
Back or Backwall Echo The echo received from the side of the specimen opposite
the side to which the transducer is coupled. This echo
represents the thickness of the specimen at that point.
Background Noise Extraneous signals caused by sources within the ultrasonic

testing system and the material being tested.
Beam Index Point The point on the base of an angle beam probe’s wedge
from which the sound leaves the wedge and enters the
specimen.
Cal Block Velocity Material sound velocity for the calibration block.
Couplant A material (usually a liquid or gel) used between the

transducer and the test specimen to eliminate air from this
space and thus facilitate the passage of sound waves into
and out of the specimen.
Critical Defect Either the largest tolerable defect or the smallest

intolerable defect. The critical defect size is usually given
by a specification or code.
122 Appendix B
Term Definition
Cross Talk An unwanted condition affecting dual element transducers

in which acoustic energy travels from the transmitting
crystal to the receiving crystal by routes other than the
intended path through the material.
Damping (Control) A variable resistance across the pulser circuit output which
shapes the excitation pulse. Typically it is used to change
pulse characteristics to optimize either penetration (low
damping) or near surface resolution (high damping).
Note: High damping = Low damping ohms (50 Ω)

Low damping = High damping ohms (400 Ω)
Damping Material Any gel, rubber-like substance, or other material which,

when used in the transducer, results in a shorter ringing
time of the piezoelectric crystal.
Decibel (dB) A unit which compares levels of power. Two power levels
P1 and P2, are said to differ by n decibels when: n = 10
P
log10  -----2-
P1
This unit is often used to express sound intensities. In this
case, P2 is the intensity of the sound under consideration
and P1 is the intensity of some reference level.
In the case of the displayed voltages on a cathode ray tube
screen, the relationship becomes:
V
n = 20 log10  -----2-
V1
Delay Control Subcircuit of the sweep generator that allows a variably

adjustable time period from the sending of the trigger pulse
to the start of the sweep across the CRT.
Detectability The ability of a test system (instrument and transducer) to

detect or “see” a given size reflector. This is also known as
“sensitivity.”
Glossary 123
Term Definition
Distance Amplitude A method of flaw evaluation that uses a test block with a
Correction (DAC) known size reflector at varying known distances from the
transducer. This allows you to plot a curve on the CRT
screen that represents the amplitude of that size reflector
throughout a given distance range. This curve compensates
for the loss of energy due to beam spreading and
attenuation.
Dual-Element Probe A probe containing two piezoelectric elements, one which

transmits and one which receives.
Dynamic Range The ratio of maximum to minimum reflective areas that

can be distinguished on the cathode ray tube (usually based
on decibel ratios).
Electronic Zero The point in time when the pulser fires the initial pulse to
the transducer and the point on the cathode ray tube screen
where the electron beam leaves the baseline due to the
initial pulse signal coming from the transmitter.
First Critical Angle The minimum incident angle in the first medium at which
the refracted longitudinal wave is eliminated from the test
specimen.
Flaw A discontinuity that may be undesirable but does not

necessarily call for rejection.
Frequency The number of complete cycles undergone or produced by

an oscillating body in one second.
Gain Used in electronics with reference to an increase in signal

power; usually expressed as the ratio of the output power
(for example, of an amplifier) to the input power in
decibels.
Gain (Control) Selects the amount of calibrated gain (dB) available within
the instrument. Usually consists of a coarse gain control
(additions at 20 dB increments), and a fine gain (additions
at 1 or 2 dB increments).
124 Appendix B
Term Definition
Gate An electronic baseline display used to electronically

monitor portions of the displayed range with reference to
distance or amplitude.
Hertz (Hz) The derived unit of frequency defined as the frequency of a

periodic phenomenon of which the period is one second;
equal to one cycle per second.
Symbol Hz. 1 Kilohertz (kHz) = 103 cycles per second
1 Megahertz (MHz) = 106 cycles per second.
Horizontal A The smaller length (if rectangular) of the actual crystal.

The software will compute the effective length
automatically.
Immersion Testing A test method, useful for testing irregularly shaped parts,
in which the part to be tested is immersed in water (or
other liquid) so that the liquid acts as a couplant. The
search unit is also immersed in the liquid, but not in
contact with the part being tested.
Incidence, Angle of The angle between a sound beam striking an acoustic

interface and the normal (that is, perpendicular) to the
surface at that point. Usually designated by the Greek
symbol α (alpha).
Indication The signal displayed on the screen signifying the presence

of a sound wave reflector in the part being tested.
Indication (Defect) Level The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be
set on the instrument to bring the indication (defect) echo
signal to peak at the reference line on the screen.
Initial Pulse (IP) The pulse of electrical energy sent by the pulser to the
transducer.
Leg In angle beam testing, the path of the shear wave in a

straight line before being reflected by the opposite surface
of the material being tested.
Glossary 125
Term Definition
Linearity, Vertical or The characteristics of an ultrasonic test system indicating

Amplitude its ability to respond in a proportional manner to a range of
echo amplitudes produced by specified reflectors.
Linearity, Horizontal or The characteristics of an ultrasonic test system indicating

Distance its ability to respond in a proportional manner to a range of
echo signals, produced by specified reflectors, variable in
time, usually a series of multiple back reflections.
Longitudinal Wave Mode of wave propagation characterized by particle

movement parallel to the direction of wave travel.
Main Bang Term used to describe the Initial Pulse Voltage.
Mode Conversion Changing a portion of a sound beam’s energy into a wave

of a different mode due to refraction at incident angles
other than zero degrees. In NDT, this usually involves
conversion of longitudinal waves into shear waves or
surface waves.
Peaking Up Maximizing the height of any indication displayed on the

CRT screen by positioning the main axis of the sound
beam directly over the reflector.
Penetration The ability of the test system to overcome material loss

attenuation, that is, the ability of the sound beam to by-
pass small reflectors such as grain boundaries and porosity
in the specimen.
Piezoelectric Elements A family of materials (such as lead metaniobate, quartz,

lithium sulfate) that possess the characteristic ability to
produce: a) A voltage differential across their faces when
deformed by an externally applied mechanical force, and
b) A change in their own physical configuration
(dimensions) when an external voltage is applied to them.
Probe Another name for transducer or search unit
Pulse Repetition Rate or Pulse The frequency with which the clock circuit sends its
Repetition Frequency trigger pulses to the sweep generator and the transmitter,
usually quoted in terms of pulses per second (pps).
126 Appendix B
Term Definition
Range The distance represented by the entire horizontal CRT

screen display.
Receiver That circuit of a flaw detector that receives both the initial
pulse voltage from the transmitter and the returning echoes
(as voltages) from the transducer. By passing these
incoming signals through certain subcircuits, the signals
are rectified, filtered and amplified with the results send to
the screen for display.
Reference Echo The echo from a reference reflector.
Reference Level The number of decibels of calibrated gain which must be

set on the instrument to bring the reference reflector signal
to peak at the reference line on the screen.
Reference Line A predetermined horizontal line (usually dictated by

specifications) on the screen representing some percentage
of total screen height, at which reference echoes and
indication echoes are compared.
Reference Reflector A reflector of known size (geometry) at a known distance,

such as a flat-bottom hole.
Refraction, Angle of The angle of sound reflection in the wedge which is equal
to the angle of incidence (also in the wedge.) The angle of
reflectance is measured from the normal to the reflected
sound beam.
Registration The minimum detectable flaw size.
Reject (Control) Also known as suppression, it limits the input sensitivity of

the amplifier in the receiver. “Grass” or scattering noise
can be reduced or eliminated from the screen by its use. On
most analog instruments it also destroys the vertical
linearity relationship between echo heights.
Resolution The ability of the test system (instrument and transducer)

to distinguish reflectors at slightly different depths.
Glossary 127
Term Definition
Scanning Level The number of dBs of calibrated gain above the reference
level added to ensure seeing potentially significant
reflectors at the end of the V-path in a weld inspection.
Second Critical Angle The minimum incident angle in the first medium at which
the refracted shear wave leaves the body of the test
specimen.
Sensitivity The ability of the test system (instrument and transducer)

to detect a given size reflector at a given distance.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio The ratio of amplitudes and indications from the smallest
defect considered significant and those caused by random
factors, such as grain scattering or instrument noise.
Single Element Probe A probe containing only one piezoelectric element, which
is used to both transmit and receive sound.
Skip-Distance In angle beam testing, the surface distance which

represents one V-path of sound in the material.
Sound Beam The characteristic shape of the ultrasonic wave sent into
the material.
Sound Path Distance The distance from the transducer beam index point to the
reflector located in the specimen, measured along the
actual path that the sound travels. Sometimes referred to as
angular distance in angle beam testing.
Straight Beam Probe A probe which transmits the sound into the material
(Normal Beam Probe) perpendicular to the entry surface.
Surface Wave Mode of wave propagation characterized by an elliptical

movement of the particles (molecules) on the surface of
the specimen as the wavefront moves forward, this
movement penetrating the specimen to a depth of one
wavelength.
128 Appendix B
Term Definition
Through Transmission A test method in which the vibrations emitted by one

search unit are directed toward, and received by, another
search unit. The ratio between quantity of vibration sent
and received is a measure of the integrity, or quality of the
material being tested.
Time Varied Gain (TVG) Circuit that automatically adjusts gain so that the echo
amplitude of a given size reflector is displayed at a
constant screen height regardless of the distance to that
given size reflector.
Transducer A device that transforms one form of energy into another.
Transmitter Circuit of the flaw detector that sends the initial pulse
voltage to both the transducer and receiver.
Ultrasonic Of or relating to frequencies above the human audible

range; e.g., above 20,000 cycles/sec. (Hertz).
Ultrasonics Study of pressure waves which are of the same nature as

sound waves, but which have frequencies above the human
audible limit, i.e., above 20,000 cycles/sec. (Hertz).
V-Path The angular distance sound travels, measured from the top
surface of the material to the bottom, and reflecting back
up to the top surface.
Vertical B The larger length (if rectangular) of the actual crystal. The
software will compute the “effective length” automatically.
Wavelength The distance between like points on successive

wavefronts; i.e., the distance between any two successive
particles of the oscillating medium that are in the same
phase. It is denoted by the Greek letter λ (lambda).
Glossary 129
130 Appendix B
Appendix C: Parts List
Table 7 EPOCH LTC Ultrasonic Flaw Detector
Part Description
EPLTC-UEE EPOCH LTC Flaw Detector with US power supply, English

keypad, and English operator manual
Table 8 Items Included with the EPOCH LTC
Part Description
(Spares can be purchased.)
EPLTC-BAT-L Lithium Ion battery

EPLTC-BAT-AA AA battery tray
EP-MCA-X Mini Charger Adapter (“X”= Power Cord Configuration)
EPLTC-MAN Instruction Manual
EPLTC-TC Plastic Transport Case
EPLTC-HS Hand Strap
Table 9 Instrument Software Options
Part Description
EPLTC-AWS AWS Weld classification software
Parts List 131

Table 9 Instrument Software Options (continued)
Part Description
EPLTC-DGS-AVG Onboard DGS/AVG option
EPLTC-PRF Manual PRF control
EPLTC-RANGE Extended range
EPLTC-GATE2 gate 2 measurements, alarms, echo-to-echo
EPLTC-SWP Tunable square wave pulser
EPLTC-CSC Curved Surface Correction
Table 10 GageView PRO Interface Program and Accessories
Part Description
GAGEVIEW- GageView PRO Interface Program kit

PRO-KIT-USB-A-
AB
GAGEVIEW-PRO GageView PRO Interface Program (software only)
Table 11 Optional Hardware Accessories
Part Description
EPLTC-C-USB-A-6 USB Connection Cable - Mini AB to A (Host) type

EPLTC-C-USB-B-6 USB Connection Cable - Mini AB to B (Client) type
EPXT-EC External Stand-Alone Charger
EPLTC-RPC Rubber Protective Carrying Case
EP4/CH Chest Harness
EPLTC-DP Screen Protective Cover (Qty. 10)
EPLTC-C-VGA-6 VGA cable, 6’
EPLTC-C-RS232-6 RS-232 cable, 6’
132 Appendix C
List of Figures
Figure 2-1 EPOCH LTC Front and Right-Side Views ................................................................. 8

Figure 2-2 EPOCH LTC Top and Rear Views ............................................................................. 9
Figure 4-1 EPOCH LTC English and International Keypads .................................................... 20
Figure 4-2 Split Screen Display Setup Mode ............................................................................ 25
Figure 4-3 Full Screen Display .................................................................................................. 27
Figure 4-4 Large A-scan Display ............................................................................................... 28
Figure 4-5 MEAS Tab ................................................................................................................ 31
Figure 4-6 EPOCH LTC Display ............................................................................................... 32
Figure 4-7 GATES Tab .............................................................................................................. 36
Figure 4-8 GATE2 ENABLE ..................................................................................................... 37
Figure 4-9 A-SCAN Tab ............................................................................................................ 38
Figure 4-10 GENERAL Tab ........................................................................................................ 40
Figure 4-11 CLOCK Tab ............................................................................................................. 41
Figure 4-12 STATUS Tab ............................................................................................................ 42
Figure 4-13 OPTIONS Tab .......................................................................................................... 44
Figure 4-14 RESETS Tab ............................................................................................................ 45
Figure 6-1 Peak Memory Function ............................................................................................ 56
Figure 7-1 GATES Tab .............................................................................................................. 60
Figure 7-2 GATE2 ENABLE parameter .................................................................................... 60
Figure 7-3 Gate Over Echo ........................................................................................................ 63
Figure 8-1 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Straight-Beam Transducer ............................ 72
Figure 8-2 Entering a Thin Standard Value ............................................................................... 72
Figure 8-3 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Straight-Beam Transducer .......................... 73
Figure 8-4 Entering a Thick Standard Value .............................................................................. 74
Figure 8-5 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Delay-Line Transducer ................................. 76
Figure 8-7 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Delay Line Transducer ............................... 77
Figure 8-9 Calibrating for a Thin Block Using a Dual-Element Transducer ............................ 80
List of Figures 133

Figure 8-11 Calibrating for a Thick Block Using a Dual-Element Transducer ........................... 82
Figure 8-13 Reference Block Displaying “0” Mark .................................................................... 84
Figure 8-14 Verifying Refracted Angle ....................................................................................... 85
Figure 8-15 Calibrating for distance ............................................................................................ 87
Figure 8-16 Entering a Thin Standard Value ................................................................................ 87
Figure 8-17 Adjusting Gain ......................................................................................................... 88
Figure 8-19 IIW Calibration Block with 0.060 in (1,524 mm) Diameter Drilled Hole ............... 90
Figure 9-1 Datalogger OPEN Tab .............................................................................................. 93
Figure 9-2 Datalogger CREATE Tab ......................................................................................... 93
Figure 9-3 Automatically Generated Incremented ID Number Series ...................................... 95
Figure 9-4 Datalogger CREATE Tab ......................................................................................... 97
Figure 9-5 Opening Data File Screen ........................................................................................ 97
Figure 9-6 FILE DETAILS Screen ............................................................................................ 98
Figure 9-7 REVIEW Tab ......................................................................................................... 100
Figure 9-8 FILE DETAILS Screen .......................................................................................... 100
Figure 9-9 ID Review (File Contents) Waveform View .......................................................... 101
Figure 9-10 ID Review (File Contents) Setup View .................................................................. 102
Figure 9-11 SETUP RECALL Screen ....................................................................................... 103
Figure 10-1 OPTIONS Screen ................................................................................................... 106
134 List of Figures

List of Tables
Table 1 Revision History ........................................................................................................ 5

Table 2 Keypad Functions .................................................................................................... 21
Table 3 Display Function Flags ............................................................................................ 29
Table 4 Measurements and Icons .......................................................................................... 33
Table 5 Ultrasonic Velocities in a Variety of Common Materials ...................................... 117
Table 6 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 121
Table 7 EPOCH LTC Ultrasonic Flaw Detector ................................................................. 131
Table 8 Items Included with the EPOCH LTC ................................................................... 131
Table 9 Instrument Software Options ................................................................................. 131
Table 10 GageView PRO Interface Program and Accessories ............................................. 132
Table 11 Optional Hardware Accessories ............................................................................. 132
List of Tables 135

136 List of Tables
Index
A full capacity 15
AC adaptor plug 8, 9 indicator 15
AC line power 13 life 14, 51
alarm 65 operating time 14
condition storage 67 rechargeable 14
minimum-depth 66 storage 16
threshold 65 types 10
A-SCAN tab 38 beam index point, locating 84
ASME & ASME III 107, 108 BIP 84
ASME III DAC setup 108 BNC connector 10
ASTM E-164 IIW Type I Block 86 C
attenuation coefficient 115
CAL file 96
attenuation, relative 115
calibrating for distance 86
audience 2
calibrating for sensitivity 89
AUTO–80%, using 48
calibration 69
auto-calibration feature 69, 74
before calibrating 70
automatically generated files 95
quick recalling 103
AUTO–XX% 48
with a delay-line transducer 74
B with a Dual-Element Transducer 78
battery with a straight-beam transducer 71
charging 15 with an angle-beam transducer 83
compartment 10 caution sign 3, 13, 14
door 8, 10 CLOCK tab 41
door seal 11 compliance
EPXT-EC external charger 15 EN12668-1 1
IP67 1, 11
Index 137
connection distance, calibrating 86
door 10 drawings 8
door seal 11 dual mode (pitch and catch) 52
curve adjustment gain 110 dynamic DAC/TVG 106
curved surface correction option 44
E
D echo envelope 55
DAC 106 echo-to-echo thickness measurement, taking
custom 111 62
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 110 edge mode 64
DAC mode 108, 110 EDITPAR tab 42
DAC/TVG 108 EN 583-2:2001 113
DAC/TVG gain adjustment 57 EP-MCA charger/adaptor 15
DAC/TVG tab 39 EPOCH LTC
damping settings 51 calibration 69
data files charger/adaptor 15
creating 93 description 1
opening 97 instrument drawings 8
saving 99 physical features 7
types 94 powering the 13
datalogger 57, 91 ultrasonic flaw detector 131
menu 92
F
storage capacity 92
feature
datalogger storage capacity 92
auto-calibration 22, 69
date mode 41
AUTO-XX% 48
DeltaVk 113
baseline break 38
DeltaVt 113
curved surface correction (optional) 26
DGS/AVG option 44, 111
DAC/TVG 107, 109
DGS/AVG tab 39
dynamic DAC/TVG 39
diagnostic 45
physical 7
digital filter settings 53
reference correction 107
display
reference gain 49
flags 29
safety 10
freeze function 57
split-screen 70
markers 29
window 8 zoom 64
features 105
distance amplitude correction description 106
138 Index
file name 92 glossary 121
files grid mode 39
automatically generated 95
H
CAL 96
contents 101 half-wave negative 53
half-wave positive 53
creating 93
handstrap mounts 8
details 100
incremental 94
hazardous high-voltage 3
opening 97 I
reviewing 99 I/O door 8
saving 99 icons 33
flags 29 IIW calibration block 86, 90
flaws, locating with an Angle Beam Trans- IIW Type I carbon steel calibration block 86
ducer 62 IIW Type II Block, U.S. Air Force 86
full screen 24, 27 incremental file 94
full-wave 53 inspection data 99
function instrument
display freeze 57 recalling setup 102
peak memory 55, 84, 85, 90 software options 131
G stand 12
GageView PRO 132 J
gain
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 110
adjusting 47
JIS 107
curve adjustment 110
JIS Z3060 110
DAC 110
temporary scanning 109 K
transfer correction 110 K1-IIW block arc 113
TVG 110 K2-DSC block arc 113
gate keypad 8, 18
alarms 65 Chinese 19
measurement modes 61 English 19, 20
positioning 61 F keys 19
gate 2 option 59 functions 21
gate 2 option, activating 59 international 19, 20
GATES tab 36, 59 Japanese 19
GENERAL tab 40 most commonly used keys 18
Index 139
L RF 38, 65
language selection 41 split screen 18, 24, 25, 26
large A-scan 24, 28 switching between 21, 24
LEMO connector 10 test 52
locating flaws, with an Angle Beam Trans- through 52
ducer 62 time-of-flight 64
M O
manual PRF option 44, 50 options 105
markers 29 activation 107, 112
MEAS tab 31 available 105
measurement single-shot 50 defining active/inactive 105
measurements 33 gain adjustment 109
membrane vent 9, 11 gate 2 59
menu hardware accessories 132
system 30 onboard DGS/AVG 111
menu functions 26 software 131
Mini SD port 2, 10 OPTIONS tab 43
minimum-depth alarm 66 o-ring seal 11
modes 24
P
automatic and manual reading 31
DAC 53, 108, 110 parts list 131
date 41 peak memory 56
dual (pitch and catch) 52 peak memory function 55, 84, 85, 90
edge 64 peak mode 64
power
full screen 24
AC line 13
gate 1 edge measurement 29
battery 14
gate 1 peak measurement 29
powering up 17
gate 2 edge measurement 29
PRF 50
gate 2 peak measurement 29
printing 57
gate measurement 61
protective case 12
grid 39
pulse energy 51
large A-scan 24, 28
pulse width 50
peak 64
pulse-echo mode 52
pulse-echo 52
pulser frequency selection 50
rectification 53
pulser settings 49
140 Index
pulser/receiver description 47 standard recalling 104
pulse-repetition frequency 50 STATUS tab 42
Q SW DIAG tab 45
system menu 30
quick calibration recall 103
system sensitivity, adjusting 47
R
T
receiver settings 52
tab
rectification modes 53
A-SCAN 38
reference correction 107
CLOCK 41
reference gain 110
DAC/TVG 39
setting 49 DGS/AVG 39
references 119
EDITPAR 42
refracted angle, verifying 85
GATES 36, 59
relative attenuation measurement 115 MEAS 31
RESETS tab 44
OPTIONS 43
reviewing 99
RESETS 44
RF (unrectified) 53 STATUS 42
RF mode 65
SW DIAG 45
RS-232 output 10 technical help
S help, technical 5
scanning gain, setting 49 temporary scanning gain 109
screen test modes 52
modes 24 thickness reading, taking 61
screen protection 11 threshold alarms 65
screen resolution 1 through mode 52
sensitivity 89 thumb screws 8, 9
side-drilled hole (SDH) 113 time-of-flight mode 64
signal amplitude, measuring 63 time-varied gain 106
single-shot measurement 50 TOF, time-of-flight 64
slewing keys 19 transducer connectors 9, 10
software options 105 transfer correction 110
sound troubleshooting 45
attenuation coefficient 115 TVG 106
velocities 117 TVG/DAC views, switch between 57
split screen 24, 25, 26
Index 141
U W
U.S. Air Force 86 warning sign 3
units selection 31 warranty iii
USB port 2, 10 waveform rectification 53
V Z
VGA output 2, 10 zoom feature 64
142 Index

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EPOCH LTC

Ultrasonic Flaw Detector

Olympus NDT, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02453, USA

The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

Part number: 910-266-EN

Printed in the United States of America.

Warranty ............................................................................................................. iii

Table of Contents ................................................................................................. v

2. EPOCH LTC Physical Features ................................................................... 7

3. Powering the EPOCH LTC ......................................................................... 13

4. Managing Basic Operations ........................................................................ 17

5. Adjusting the Pulser/Receiver .................................................................... 47

6. Managing Special Waveform Functions .................................................... 55

8. Calibrating the EPOCH LTC ..................................................................... 69

9. Managing the Instrument Datalogger ........................................................ 91

Table of Contents vii

10. Software Features and Options ................................................................ 105

Appendix A: Sound Velocities ......................................................................... 117

Appendix B: Glossary ...................................................................................... 121

Appendix C: Parts List .................................................................................... 131

List of Figures ................................................................................................... 133

List of Tables ..................................................................................................... 135

Index .................................................................................................................. 137

viii Table of Contents

The preface contains the following topics:

1.1 Product Description

• Case sealed to IP67 to assure environmental durability

1.2 About This Document

• Operating the power supply

1.4 Special Notices and Typographical Conventions

Special notices employed in this document are shown below.

Note: This information provides explanatory information.

Tip: This information provides helpful guidelines for easy operation.

Bold Used for textual parts of graphical user

Italics Used for document titles.

[BOLD] Used for keys on the instrument keypad.

1.5 If You Have Documentation Comments

• Send comments to Olympus NDT. Attention: Technical Publications

1.6 Revision History

Date Part Number Release Version

October 2007 910-266-EN Version A

November 2007 910-266-EN Version B

December 2007 910-266-EN Version C

June 2011 910-266-EN Version D

1.7 Technical Help

1.8 Product Usage

This section covers the following topics:

EPOCH LTC Physical Features 7

Handstrap mounts Handstrap mounts

Keypad I/O door

I/O door Thumb screws

Figure 2-1 EPOCH LTC Front and Right-Side Views

AC adaptor plug Transducer connectors

Handstrap mounts Handstrap mounts

Thumb screws Thumb screws

Figure 2-2 EPOCH LTC Top and Rear Views

EPOCH LTC Physical Features 9

2.3 Battery Door and Compartment

2.4 Office Connection Door