Enduring Lessons
Enduring Lessons
Enduring Lessons
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Enduring Lessons
Interview With Michael van Biema, Founder and Managing Partner, Van Biema Value Partners
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I WILL NEVER FORGET THE FINANCE CLASS I took with Professor Michael van
Biema.
It was 10 years ago at Columbia University's graduate business school, and van Biema
held the class in rapt attention. I recall, among many colorful and spirited lectures, a tirade
about how synergies between companies slated to merge are often oversold by Wall
Street. "There are never any synergies!" he screamed at the end of a case study.
He railed against cheating cheating in class and cheating in life. And he'd often veer
from the textbook, spinning captivating yarns on subjects ranging from Warren Buffett to
Jeffrey Vinik, the former manager of Fidelity Magellan, to the expenses and risks of
growth by fledgling companies.
So, when I heard that van Biema still based in New York City is now running a fund
offunds business specializing in valueoriented hedge funds, I naturally was curious.
How, exactly, was he applying Columbia's rich tradition in the study of value investing to
the modern world of hedge funds?
Columbia, of course, is where Benjamin Graham, starting in the 1920s, developed the
framework for value investing, as a professor and author of such classics as Security
Analysis, cowritten with David Dodd.
This investment style entails finding securities whose values, owing to various factors, are
below their intrinsic value, creating longterm opportunities.
Among the valueinvesting practitioners to graduate from Columbia's business school are
Mario Gabelli, a longtime member of the Barron's Roundtable; Chuck Royce, of the small
cap Royce Funds; and, last but certainly not least, Warren Buffett, class of 1951.
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Van Biema arrived at the business school in 1992, after collecting a doctorate degree from
Columbia in computer science and working as a strategy consultant and technology 1. Philippine Peso’s Troubles Just
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entrepreneur. He had launched several computer companies and moved on to technology
investing.
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The timing of his return to Columbia proved fortuitous. A value renaissance was just Beat the Rush
getting under way on the Morningside Heights campus, because Gabelli had arranged for
Roger F. Murray, a retired Columbia businessschool professor who had edited several 3. Hard Landing Averted: What’s Next
editions of Security Analysis, to give a series of lectures on value investing. A class on for China?
the craft was started, along with an annual valueinvesting breakfast. Van Biema, who had
been searching for a reliable investment method, soon was hooked. 4. Why this Chinese Bank Stock is a Sell
"It just struck me that value investing made so much sense," he recalls.
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The approach, as he sees it, boils down to this: "It is very difficult to value things, and it's Upside
impossible to value companies that are growing very rapidly, so value investing tries to
[divide] the world into things that one can value in a reasonable fashion and things that one
can't value." Latest Market Videos
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201751 Enduring Lessons
The true value investor, in his view, ignores
the companies that can't be valued. For 1 How Secure Is the
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example, a promising technology could
easily become obsolete, its current potential
and hype notwithstanding.
The original value investors like Graham,
van Biema says, "never look at the income
2 Barron's Buzz:
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statement" and "they don't really care what Revving Up?
the operations of the company are." Bottom
line: "They are asking themselves, 'Can I
buy 50cent dollars?"'
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During his 12 years at Columbia, van 100Day Review —
Biema became a forceful proponent of the When Others
Don’t
Michael van Biema approach. He is "good at explaining why
value works and what you can expect to
get from it," says Bruce Greenwald, the school's Robert Heilbrunn Professor of Finance
and Asset Management.
THEN AS NOW, HIS OBSERVATIONS ABOUT business and investing were grounded
in the hard school of knocks. "It's one thing to say, 'Here's a spreadsheet and here's a
homework assignment," he says. "But nobody hands you the right spreadsheet to fill out
with the right columns. You've got to figure it out yourself."
Van Biema, now 50, seems to be figuring out the hedgefund business just fine. Van
Biema Value Partners, formed in 2004, runs two funds one domestic and one global
that invest in hedge funds run by value managers. Most of those funds are small, with less
than $200 million under management. They are not greatly different than valueinvesting
mutual funds, but they do have more flexibility to use leverage, take short positions and
carry out other maneuvers.
The firm has a total of $155 million under management, mostly in the domestic fund. From
inception through Sept. 29, the domestic fund is up 25.8%, versus 24.4% for the Standard
& Poor's 500. That's a respectable showing, considering that a key goal is to preserve
capital over time. Eventually, van Biema hopes to grow each fund to between $400 million
and $500 million.
As he proceeds, van Biema is benefiting from a Rolodex stuffed names gathered at
Columbia. His funds' board of advisers, which helps vet managers, includes Gabelli;
Royce; Charles Brandes of Brandes Investment Partners, the institutional value shop in
San Diego; Alan Kahn, a longtime value investor and formerly of Kahn Brothers; and Peter
Cundill of the Cundill Group. Former students now in the investment business also have
proved to be valuable contacts.
Kahn, who also is a partner in the firm, initially was skeptical about the fundoffunds idea.
Fund of funds charge an extra layer of fees on top of those assessed by the underlying
hedge funds. But in the end, he came around, convinced that van Biema had access to a
stable of talented value managers whom investors wouldn't find otherwise. Perhaps not
surprisingly, van Biema declines to name any of the 23 managers the fund invests in,
citing competitive reasons.
Kahn also maintains that van Biema's background in computers and technology, as
opposed to traditional finance, helps him look at things with a fresh eye. "That is a very
strong plus," he says.
In searching for managers, van Biema doesn't use quantitative screens. Instead, he relies
on referrals from his network of contacts. "My favorite type of managers are guys who
usually have come out of a wellknown value shop," he says.
He also looks for managers who are tested and "who actually have been through some
market downturns."
He prefers small hedge funds because "size is the enemy of performance." Hot shots
right out of business school need not apply, and he doesn't take a shine to funds that use
a lot of leverage. "Leverage cuts both ways, and eventually it's going to cut the other way,"
he says.
The managers tilt heavily to being long. The overlap of securities held by all 23 managers
is about 8%. Right now about 80% of the assets are invested with 10 managers, though
that's expected to broaden over time.
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201751 Enduring Lessons
In this day and age, there is a lot of crossover between growth and value investing, as
evidenced by Morningstar's blend categories. Van Biema, however, doesn't invest in
growthatareasonable price managers.
Why?
"You should be getting growth for free because growth is unpredictable, and the value of
growth is unpredictable," he says.
Van Biema and his team invest in a range of value styles, including those managers who
look for cheap assets, but he sees common threads among all capable value managers.
One is the conviction to take a contrarian view on a security; another is the ability "to
segregate information into what's knowable with a high degree of certainty" and what's
not. A third theme is that good value investors have a "behavioral" advantage," as van
Biema puts it.
"The discipline requires you to sit for long periods of time on your hands and not buy
anything when there's nothing out there that's reasonably priced," he says. "That's a very
difficult thing to do and it requires a lot of self control."
WHEN A HEDGE FUND IS DEEMED WORTHY, van Biema likes to start with a small
investment, typically around $1 million, and he often moves quickly on a decision,
sometimes after three months of vetting. "I would much rather look at a fund for three
months, give them $1 million, let them actually work with that $1 million, and build up my
allocation over time."
Van Biema Partners has both high networth and institutional investors, including Boston
College, where the Columbia network helped. Gabelli, a member of the Investment and
Endowment Committee at Boston College, arranged for van Biema to make a
presentation. The committee subsequently made an investment.
"We normally don't go with a new fund but wait to see how they do," says Robert
Morrissey, chairman of the committee. But the van Biema investment, whose amount was
not disclosed, has "worked out very well for us," he says.
Investors can opt for a lockup, which prevents withdrawals for a specified period of one,
two or three years. The threeyear lockup comes with a management fee of 0.50%,
compared with 1% for a oneyear lockup.
Performance fees are set a on a sliding scale, with the firm getting no fee for annual
performance of 0% to 5%. Those fees move up to a maximum of 20% for an annual return,
net of fees, of 20% or higher.
Van Biema has fired a few managers, although not for performance reasons. One, a
microcap manager, ran out of capacity to take much additional money. Reasons for
dismissal can include style drift, extended underperformance and significant personnel
changes.
Just like a stockpicker, van Biema must pick good managers and avoid the lemons. "We
are going to make some mistakes over time," he says. "But what gives me more
confidence is that I am not judging these people based on my few days of interviews and
my onehour board meeting."
After listening to van Biema, I dug up my old notebook from his class at Columbia. I
studied the course overview that he delivered, with characteristic bluntness, on the first
day. We would be learning about such things as financial forecasting, company valuation
and capital budgeting, or, as I scribbled, "How do you spend the $ you have?"
Then I came across a particularly pointed piece of advice: You must prepare for class.
Looks like the professor has taken that lesson to heart.
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