RC Specification Structural Steel Rev 0
RC Specification Structural Steel Rev 0
RC Specification Structural Steel Rev 0
STRUCTURAL STEEL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2
1.05 DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................... 8
1.06 SUBMITTALS..................................................................................................... 10
3.06 ERECTION......................................................................................................... 44
PART 1 GENERAL
C. Sprayed-On Fireproofing
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials and products. In case of conflict between these standards and
the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment conforming to
one group of codes and standards.
5. SASO 208-2 Bend Testing Methods for Steel. Part 2: Sheets and
Strips Less Than 3 mm thick
A: Simple Bend Testing (Bending in One Direction
with Specified Angle)
6. SASO 209-2 Bend Testing Methods for Steel. Part 2: Sheets and
Strips Less than 3 mm Thick
B: Reverse Bend Testing (Bending Through an
Angle of 90° and Then Returning to the Original
Position)
4. Load and Resistance Factor Design Specification for Structural Steel Buildings
10. ASTM A194M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
Service, or Both
12. ASTM A307 Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and
Studs, 60 000 PSI Tensile Strength
22. ASTM A563M Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
Nuts
23. ASTM A568M Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet, Carbon, and
High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-
Rolled, General Requirements for
26. ASTM A606 Standard Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,
High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and Cold-
Rolled, with Improved Atmospheric Corrosion
Resistance
43. ASTM E119 Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building
Construction and Materials
46. ASTM E605 Standard Test Methods for Thickness and Density of
Sprayed Fire-Resistive Material (SFRM) Applied to
Structural Members
52. ASTM E859 Standard Test Method for Air Erosion of Sprayed
Fire-Resistive Materials (SFRMs) Applied to
Structural Members
58. ASTM F1554 Standard Specification for Anchor Bolts, Steel, 36, 55
and 105-ksi Yield Strength
59. ASTM F1852 Standard Specification for “Twist Off” Type Tension
Control Structural Bolt/Nut/Washer Assemblies,
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile
Strength
5. AWS A5.18 Specification for Carbon Steel Filler Metals for Gas
Shielded Arc Welding
10. AWS A5.28 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas
Shielded Arc Welding
11. AWS A5.29 Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux
Cored Arc Welding
1.05 DEFINITIONS
B. anchor bolt: A mechanical device that is cast or drilled and chemically adhered,
grouted or wedged into concrete and masonry for the purpose of the subsequent
attachment of structural steel.
C. angle: Rolled steel section with a cross section resembling the letter L, whose legs
may be equal or unequal in length.
D. base plate: A steel plate welded to the base of a column which distributes the
column loads over an area of foundation large enough to prevent crushing of the
concrete and usually secured by anchor bolts.
H. built-up section: A structural member made up from individual flat plates welded
together or any structural metal elements that are welded or bolted together.
I. channel section: Rolled steel section with a cross section resembling the letter U,
with inside flange surfaces that have a slope of approximately 162/3%.
J. cold formed: The process of forming a structural section by bending sheet or strip
steel in roll-forming machines without the use of heat.
K. column: Is a main vertical member carrying axial loads, which can be combined with
bending and shear, from the main roof beams or girders to the foundation. These
structural members carry loads parallel to its longitudinal axis.
M. erector: The entity that is responsible for the erection of the structural steel.
N. fabricator: The entity that is responsible for fabricating the structural steel.
P. filler metal and flux for welding: Metal of electrode surrounded by minerals or
powder (flux).
R. girder: A main horizontal, primary structural member spanning between two main
supports which carries other members or vertical loads.
S. grip: The total thickness of the plies of a joint through which the bolt passes,
exclusive of washers or direct-tension indicators.
T. H-section: Rolled steel section with a cross section resembling the letter H.
V. hot rolled: Structural member formed while in a semi-molten state at the steel mill to
a general shape.
W. HP shape: Depth and width same size profile formed with one web in the middle of
two flanges where the surfaces of each part are separate parallel, generally used as
bearing piles.
X. I-section (universal beam, joist deprecated): Rolled steel section with a cross
section resembling the letter I (also termed as S-shape), a doubly-symmetric beam
shapes with inside flange surfaces that have a slope of approximately 162/3%.
Y. M-shape: Profile formed with one web in the middle of two flanges where the
surfaces of each part are separate parallel, which cannot be classified as W, HP or S
shapes.
Z. MC shape: Profile formed with one web between two flanges in one direction
(U-channel), which cannot be classified as C shapes.
AA. pretensioned joint: A joint that transmits shear and/or tensile loads in which the
bolts have been installed to provide a pre-tension in the installed bolt.
BB. protective paint system: The sum of the coats of paints related products which are
to be applied or which have been applied to a substrate to provide corrosion
protection.
CC. prying action: Lever action that exists in connections in which the line of application
of the applied load is eccentric to the axis of the bolt, causing deformation of the
fitting and an amplification of the axial tension in the bolt.
EE. semi-rigid framing: Assumes that the connections of beams and girders possess a
dependable and known moment capacity intermediate in degree between the rigidity
of rigid-frame and the flexibility of simple-framing.
FF. simple framing: Assumes that, insofar as gravity loading is concerned, the ends of
beams and girders are connected for shear only, and are free to rotate under gravity
loads.
GG. slip-critical joint: A joint that transmit shear load or shear loads in combination with
tensile loads in which the bolts have been installed to provide a pre-tension in the
installed bolt (clamping force on the faying surfaces), and with faying surfaces that
have been prepared to provide a calculable resistance against slip.
HH. snug-tightened joint: The snug-tightened condition is the tightness that is attained
with a few impacts of an impact wrench or the full effort of an ironworker using an
ordinary spud wrench to bring the plies into firm contact.
II. sprayed fire-resistive materials: Materials that are sprayed onto substrates to
provide fire-resistive protection of the substrate.
JJ. stiffener: Member used to strengthen a plate against lateral or local buckling.
KK. structural hollow section: Steel tube of circular or rectangular cross section used
for structural purposes.
MM. T-section: Rolled steel section with a cross section resembling the letter T with equal
flanges.
PP. W shape: Wide flanges profile formed with one web in the middle of two flanges
where the surface of each part is separate parallel.
1.06 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:
1. Product Data
2. Shop Drawings
a) The Shop Drawing shall include complete details and schedules for
fabrication and shop assembly of members and details, schedules,
procedures and diagrams showing the sequence of erection.
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop and
propose programs and methods of construction and testing such as to achieve the
specified quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.
2. All inspection and testing requirements for fabrication, assembly, erection and
installation of structural steel including responsibilities of the inspectors and
testing laboratories, required inspections, tests and hold points shall be clearly
outlined. Upon review and approval of the Royal Commission, it shall become
part of this Specification and all inspection and testing shall be performed
strictly according to its requirements.
a) Include the following in the reports for Grade 345 and 345W steel and
Grade 250 schedule for welding for structural steel intended for use in
bridges:
1) Charpy V-Notch test shall be in accordance with the requirements
of ASTM A673M.
2) The tests shall be for longitudinal orientation.
3) The impact requirement for Zone 1 shall be applied as defined in
ASTM A709M.
4) The frequency of testing for all steel covered in this requirement
shall be “H” as defined in ASTM A673M.
5) The report procedure shall be in accordance with ASTM A370.
2. Test for thickness and density shall be in accordance with ASTM E605.
4. Test for bond impact strength shall be in accordance with ASTM E760.
D. Quality Assurance
1. Comply with the applicable provisions of the following codes and standards:
E. Qualifications
2. Qualification of Erector
3. Contractor
Commission.
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:
a) Structural steel shall not be handled until paint has thoroughly dried.
Care shall be exercised to avoid paint abrasions and other damage.
f) All open joints of girder work shall be protected from damage in transit in
such a manner as to stiffen the member and prevent distortion.
h) All straight bars and plates, except small pieces, shall be sent out in
convenient bundles and shall be temporarily riveted or bolted together or
bound with rod iron as may be directed by the Royal Commission.
i) All rivets, bolts, nuts, washers, screws, plates under 300 mm2, and
small articles generally are to be packed separately for each span or
unit, either in cases weighing, when full, not more than 350 kg or in
strong cask iron hooped, and each weighing, when full not more than
500 kg.
j) All cases shall be made of suitable material. All rivets, bolts, nut,
washers, screws shall be packed in separate bags. A separate bag shall
be used for each diameter and length and each bag shall have a metal
label wired on indicating its contents. All cases shall be carefully
stenciled with shipping marks.
l) All coating and paint material shall be packed and shipped according to
manufacturer’s recommendations.
a) Materials shall be stored out of mud and dirt and proper drainage of the
storage area shall be provided.
f) If bolts and nuts become dry or rusty, clean and re-lubricate before use.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
C. Steel furnished for structural load-carrying purposes shall be properly identified for
conformity to the specified grade in accordance with approved standards specified
herein.
D. All sections shall be metric sized. For non-metric section intended to be used by the
Contractor, the conversions shall be made by agreed conversion tables submitted to
the Royal Commission for approval.
2.02 MATERIAL
A. Structural Steel
1. Shapes and plates shall conform to one of the following requirements of ASTM
standard specifications for use under this Specification, but not limited to:
1. Cast steel and steel forgings shall conform to one of the following ASTM
standard specifications:
1. Steel bolts, washers and nuts shall conform to one of the following ASTM
standard specifications:
a) Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High-Pressure or High-
Temperature Service, or Both
1) Conform to ASTM A194M.
e) High-Strength Steel Bolts, Classes 10.9 and 10.9.3, for Structural Steel
Joints (Metric)
1) Conform to ASTM A490M (Type 1 and 3).
2) Type 3 bolts when specified on the Contract Drawings shall not be
replaced by Type 1 bolts.
2. Alternative-Design Fasteners
1. Anchor bolt and threaded rod steel shall conform to one of the requirements of
the following standards including but not limited to:
d) Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs and other Externally
Threaded Fasteners
1) Conform to ASTM A354.
E. Galvanizing
1. All bolts shall be galvanized unless noted otherwise on the Contract Drawings.
Galvanizing shall be in accordance with the following ASTM specifications:
2. The minimum weight of the hot-dip zinc coating shall be 915 g/m2.
4. Nut threads shall be re-tapped after hot-dip galvanizing to provide proper fit.
a) Headed stud type shall conform to ASTM A108, Grade 1015 or 1020,
cold finishes carbon steel, with dimensions complying with AISC
specifications.
G. Filler Metal and Flux for Welding shall conform to one of the following specifications
of the American Welding Society (AWS), but not limited to:
H. Primer Paint
J. Sprayed-On Fireproofing
a) Type I
1) Material shall be cementitious. Ingredients shall be uniformly
mixed and ready for use by the addition of water. When received,
the material in the container shall be dry and shall not be caked or
sticky. After the material has been properly mixed with the amount
of water specified by the manufacturer, the material shall be of
such a consistency that it can be applied with a plastering trowel
or with a suitable plaster-spraying machine.
b) Type II
1) Material shall be fibrous. Material shall consist of mineral or
organic fiber with an integrally mixed binder, or it may be supplied
for use with a liquid binder added at the time of application.
B. Unidentified stock material shall be segregated and stored separately from all other
material to be used in the work.
C. Whenever the Contractor intends to use the unidentified stock material, a testing plan
shall be included or amended in the Quality Control Program for this purpose and
implement it in accordance with the requirements of SECTION 01450.
members or details, where the precise physical properties and weldability of the steel
would not affect the strength of the structure.
B. For all substitution cases, the Contractor shall prepare and submit supporting design
calculations, test reports and all necessary documents for approval of the Royal
Commission.
A. For work that will be exposed to view, use only materials that are smooth and free of
surface blemishes including pitting, rust and scale seam marks, roller marks, rolled
trade names and roughness. Remove such blemishes by grinding, or by welding and
grinding, prior to cleaning, treating and application of surface finishes.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 FABRICATION
A. General
1. Fabrication shall not commence until documents under par. 1.06 are
reviewed and approved by the Royal Commission.
2. The Contractor shall be responsible for the correct interpretation of the work to
be done and for the accuracy of the detailed dimensions.
B. Identification of Material
C. Preparation of Material
1. Thermal Cutting
2. Surfaces that are specified as “finished” on the Contract Drawings shall have a
roughness height value of equal to or less than 500 as per ANSI/ASME B46.1.
1. All weld access holes required to facilitate welding operations shall have length
from the toe of the weld preparation not less than 1½ times the thickness of
the material in which the hole is made. The height of access hole shall be
adequate for deposition of sound weld metal in the adjacent plates and provide
clearance for weld tabs.
2. In hot rolled shapes and built-up shapes, all beam copes and weld access
holes shall be shaped free of notches or sharp re-entrant corners except that,
when fillet web-to-flange welds are used in built-up shapes, access holes are
permitted to terminate perpendicular to the flange.
3. For ASTM A6M Group 4 and 5 shapes and built-up shapes of material more
than 50 mm thick, the thermally cut surfaces of beam copes and weld access
holes shall be ground to bright metal and inspected by either magnetic particle
or penetrant methods.
4. Beam copes and weld access holes in ASTM A6M Group 4 and 5 shapes and
welded built-up shapes with material thickness greater than 50 mm shall be
preheated to a temperature of not less than 66°C (150°F) prior to thermal
cutting.
5. If the curved transition portion of weld access holes and beam copes are
formed by predrilled or sawed holes, that portion of the access hole or cope
need not be ground.
6. Weld access holes and beam copes in other shapes need not be ground nor
inspected by dye penetrant or magnetic particle.
2. Mill column and bearing stiffeners to give full bearing over the cross section.
Plane contact surfaces of bearing plates.
1. Holes shall be drilled or punched at right angles to the surface of the metal, not
more than 2 mm larger than the connector diameter.
4. The die for all sub-punched holes and the drill for all sub-drilled holes shall be
at least 2 mm smaller than the nominal diameter of the bolt.
6. Holes shall be clean-cut without torn or ragged edges. Outside burrs resulting
from drilling operations shall be removed.
1. Provide holes, slots and openings required by other work together with the
necessary reinforcing as indicated on the Contract Drawings. Suitable
templates shall be used for proper locations of these openings.
3. Changes in location of openings shall not be done without prior approval from
the Royal Commission.
I. Gusset Plates
J. Compression Joints
1. Column bases and base plates shall be finished in accordance with the
following requirements:
c) Rolled steel bearing plates over 100 mm thick shall be milled for all
bearing surfaces except as noted in pars. 3.01 K.1.e and f.
d) Column bases other than rolled steel bearing plates shall be milled for
all bearing surfaces except as noted in pars. 3.01 K.1.e and f.
e) The bottom surfaces of bearing plates and column bases which are
grouted to insure full bearing contact on foundations need not be milled.
A. Fabrication tolerances shall conform to the requirements of the AISC specification for
the design and fabrication of structural steel, as specified herein:
1. Length
a) For members that have both ends finished for contact bearing, the
variation in the overall length shall be equal to or less than 1 mm.
b) For other members that frame to other structural steel elements, the
variation in the detailed length shall be as follows:
1) For members that are equal to or less than 9000 mm in length,
the variation shall be equal to or less than 2 mm.
2) For members that are greater than 9000 mm in length, the
variation shall be equal to or less than 3 mm.
2. Straightness
d) In all cases, completed members shall be free of twists, bends and open
joints. Sharp kinks or bends shall be cause for rejection.
3. Camber
a) For beams and trusses that are detailed without specified camber, the
member shall be fabricated so that, after erection, any incidental camber
due to rolling or shop fabrication is upward.
b) For beams that are specified on the Contract Drawings with camber,
beams received from the Fabricator with 75% of the specified camber
shall require no further cambering. Otherwise, the variation in camber
shall be as follows:
1) For beams that are equal to or less than 15 m in length, the
variation shall be equal to or less than - 0, or + 13 mm.
2) For beams that are greater than 15 m in length, the variation shall
be equal to or less than - 0, or + 13 mm plus 3 mm for each 3 m
or fraction thereof in excess of 15 m in length.
c) For fabricated trusses that are specified on the Contract Drawings with
camber, the variation in camber at each specified camber point shall be
equal to or less than ± 1/800 of the distance to that point from the nearest
point of support.
4. Variation in Depth
2) For splices with welded joints, the weld profile shall be adjusted to
conform to the variations in depth, the required cross-section of
weld shall be provided and the slope of the weld surface shall
meet the requirements in AWS D1.1M.
2. The tolerances on overall profile dimensions of members that are built-up from
a series of standard structural shapes, plates and bars by welding shall be
taken as the accumulation of the variations that are permitted for the
component parts in ASTM A6M. The as-fabricated straightness tolerances for
the member as a whole shall be one-half the standard camber and sweep
tolerances for rolled shapes in ASTM A6M.
3. Unless specific visual acceptance criteria for weld show-through are specified
on the Contract Drawings, the members or components shall be acceptable as
produced.
4. All copes, miters and cuts in surfaces that are exposed to view shall be made
with uniform gaps of 3 mm if shown as open joints, or in reasonable contact if
shown without gap.
5. All welds that are exposed to view shall be visually acceptable if they meet the
requirements in AWS D1.1M, except all groove and plug welds that are
exposed to view shall not project more than 2 mm above the exposed surface.
Finishing or grinding of welds shall not be necessary, unless such treatment is
required to provide clearances or fit of other components.
6. Erection marks or other painted marks shall not be made on those surfaces of
weathering steel architecturally exposed structural steel members that are to
be exposed in the completed structure. Unless otherwise specified on the
Contract Drawings, the weathering steel architecturally exposed structural
steel member shall be cleaned to meet the requirements of SSPC-SP6.
3.04 CONNECTION
A. General
a) Bolted
1) High strength bolts shall have a minimum of 20 mm diameter.
2) Unfinished bolts shall have a minimum of 20 mm diameter, except
for handrails and ladders with 16 mm diameter.
b) Welded
1) The minimum size of welds shall comply with Section J2 of the
AISC “Specification for Structural Steel Buildings.”
B. Bolted Connection
1. High-Strength Bolts
2. Joints
a) Snug-Tightened Joints
1) Joints for application involving resistance to shear load by shear
or bearing.
2) Joints for combined shear and tension application involving
resistance to shear by shear or bearing and static tension load.
3) Joints for statically loaded applications involving ASTM A325M
bolts and ASTM F1852 twist-off-type tension control bolt
assemblies in direct tension.
4) Joints except as required in pars. 3.04 B.2.b and c.
b) Pre-Tensioned Joints
1) Joints in which fastener pre-tension is required in the specification
or code that invokes this Specification.
2) Joints that are subject to significant load reversal.
3) Joints that are subject to fatigue load with no reversal of the
loading direction.
4) Joints with ASTM A325M or F1852 bolts that are subject to tensile
fatigue.
5) Joints with ASTM A490M bolts that are subject to tension or
combined shear and tension, with or without fatigue.
c) Slip-Critical Joints
1) Slip-critical joints are only required in the following applications
involving shear or combined shear and tension:
(a) Joints that are subject to fatigue load with reversal of the
loading direction.
(b) Joints that utilize oversized holes.
(c) Joints that utilize slotted holes, except those with applied
load approximately normal (within 80 to 100°) to the
direction of the long dimension of the slot.
(d) Joints in which slip at the faying surfaces would be
detrimental to the performance of the structure.
3. Faying Surfaces
a) Faying surfaces and surfaces adjacent to the bolt head and nut shall be
free of dirt and other foreign material and shall meet the following
requirements:
1) The faying surfaces of snug-tightened joints and pre-tensioned
joints shall be permitted to be uncoated, coated with coatings of
any formulation or galvanized.
2) The faying surfaces of slip-critical joints including those of filler
plates and finger shims shall meet the following requirements:
(a) Uncoated Faying Surfaces
(i) Shall be free of scale, except tight mill scale, and free
of coatings, including inadvertent overspray, in areas
closer than one bolt diameter but not less than
25 mm from the edge of any hole and in all areas
within the bolt pattern.
(b) Coated Faying Surfaces
(i) Shall first be blast cleaned and subsequently coated
with a coating that is qualified in accordance with the
requirements as a Class A or Class B coating as
defined in Section 5.4 of AISC, “Specification for
Structural Joints Using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts.”
(ii) The plies shall not be assembled before the coating
has cured for the minimum time that was used in the
qualifying tests.
(c) Galvanized Faying Surfaces
(i) Shall be first hot-dip galvanized in accordance with
the requirements of ASTM A123M and subsequently
roughened by means of hand wire brushing. Power
wire brushing is not permitted. When prepared by
roughening, the galvanized faying surface is
designated as Class C for design.
4. Bolt Holes
2) Oversized Holes
(a) Oversized holes are permitted in any or all plies of slip-
critical joints, but shall not be used in bearing-type
connections.
3) Short-Slotted Holes
(a) Short-slotted holes are permitted in any or all plies of snug-
tightened joints or pre-tensioned joints, provided the
applied load is approximately perpendicular (between 80 to
100°) to the axis of the slot.
(b) Short-slotted holes are permitted in any or all plies of slip-
critical joints without regard for the direction of the applied
load.
4) Long-Slotted Holes
(a) Long-slotted holes are permitted in only one ply at any
individual faying surface of snug-tightened joints and pre-
tensioned joints, provided the applied load is approximately
perpendicular (between 80 and 100°) to the axis of the slot.
(b) Long-slotted holes are permitted in one ply only at any
individual faying surface of slip-critical joints without regard
for the direction of the applied load. Fully inserted shims
between faying surfaces of load-transmitting elements of
bolted joints are not considered a long-slotted element of a
joint, nor are they considered to be a ply at any individual
faying surface.
5. Burrs
b) Burrs that extend over 2 mm above the surface shall be removed from
all joints.
c) Burrs that would prevent solid seating of the connected plies prior to
pre-tensioning of slip-critical joints shall be removed.
6. Use of Washers
Table 3A.
TABLE 3A: WASHER REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS WITH OVERSIZED AND
SLOTTED HOLES IN THE OUTER PLY
a
Equal to 70% of the specified minimum tensile strength of bolts as
specified in ASTM Specifications for tests of full-size ASTM A325M and
A490M bolts with UNC threads loaded in axial tension, rounded to the nearest
0.1kN.
2) Pre-Tensioning Methods
(a) When it is impractical to turn the nut, pre-tensioning by
turning the bolt head is permitted while rotation of the nut is
1 2
Not more /3 turn ½ turn /3 turn
than 4 bolt
diameters
2 5
More than 4 ½ turn /3 turn /6 turn
bolt
diameters but
not more than
8 bolt
diameters
2 5
More than 8 /3 turn /6 turn 1 turn
bolt
diameters but
not more than
12 bolt
diameters
a
Nut rotation is relative to bolt regardless of the element (nut or bolt) being turned.
For required nut rotations of ½ turn and less, the tolerance is ± 30°; for required nut
rotations of 2/3 turn or more, the tolerance is ± 45°.
b
Applicable only to joints in which all material within the grip is steel.
c
When the bolt length exceeds 12 bolt diameters, the required nut rotation shall be
determined by actual testing in a suitable calibrator that simulates the conditions of
solidly fitting steel.
d
Beveled washer not used.
8. Inspection
a) The Contractor shall ensure while the work is in progress that the
requirement in this Specification are met:
1) Snug-Tightened Joints
(a) After the connections have been assembled, it shall be
visually ensured that the plies of the connected elements
have been brought into firm contact and that washers have
been used as required in par. 3.04 B.6. No further
evidence of conformity is required. The magnitude of the
clamping force that exists is not a consideration.
2) Pre-Tensioned Joints
(a) The following inspection shall be performed in addition to
that required in par. 3.04 B.8.a.1:
(i) Turn-of-Nut Pre-tensioning: It shall be ensured by
routine observation that the bolting crew properly
rotates the turned element relative to the unturned
element by the amount specified in Table 3C.
Alternatively, when fastener assemblies are match-
marked after the initial fit-up of the joint but prior to
pre-tensioning, visual inspection after pre-tensioning
is permitted in lieu of routine observation. No further
evidence of conformity is required. A pre-tension that
is greater than the value specified in Table 3B shall
not be cause for rejection.
(ii) Calibrated Wrench Pre-tensioning: It shall be
ensured by routine observation that the bolting crew
properly applies the calibrated wrench to the turned
element. No further evidence of conformity is
required. A pre-tension that is greater than the value
specified in Table 3B shall not be cause for rejection.
(iii) Twist-Off-Type Tension-Control Bolt Pre-tensioning:
It shall be ensured by routine observation that the
splined ends are properly severed during installation
by the bolting crew. No further evidence of conformity
is required. A pre-tension that is greater than the
value specified in Table 3B shall not be cause for
rejection.
(iv) Direct-Tension-Indicator Pre-tensioning: Prior to pre-
tensioning, it shall be ensured by routine observation
that the appropriate feeler gage is accepted in at
least half of the spaces between the protrusions of
the direct tension indicator and that the protrusions
are properly oriented away from the direct tension
indicator and that the protrusions are properly
oriented away from the work. If the appropriate feeler
gage is accepted in fewer than half of the spaces, the
direct tension indicator shall be removed and
replaced. After pre-tensioning, it shall be ensured by
routine observation that the appropriate feeler gage
is refused entry into at least half of the spaces
between the protrusions. No further evidence of
conformity is required. A pre-tension that is greater
than specified in Table 3B shall not be cause for
rejection.
3) Slip-Critical Joints
(a) Prior to assembly, it shall be visually verified that the faying
9. Unfinished Bolts
a) Anchor bolts shall be set by the use of template plates secured firmly in
place prior to the placement of concrete.
C. Welded Connection
1. Welding shall be in compliance with the requirements of AWS D1.1M and this
Specification. Welding procedure and performance qualifications shall conform
to AWS B3.0.
b) General Requirements
1) Structural welding shall not commence until joint elements are
bolted or tacked in intimate contact and adjusted to dimensions
shown with allowance for any weld shrinkage that is expected.
2) Welding sequence shall be planned and controlled to minimize
undue stress increase or undue distortions in restrained
members. Heavy sections and those having a high degree of
restraint shall be welded with low hydrogen type electrodes.
c) Wire Spacers
1) If copper wire spacers are used between 2 surfaces to be welded
to reduce transverse stresses in the weld, caution shall be taken
that it does not mix with the weld metal.
d) Bead Shape
1) Concave bead shapes shall be avoided.
2) Ratio of weld width to depth of fusion shall vary from a minimum
of 1:1 to a maximum of 1:1.4.
e) Field Welding
1) Field welding shall not be permitted unless shown on the Contract
Drawings.
A. General
1. All structural steel shall be cleaned and primed in accordance with the
requirements of the specification on SECTIONS 09910 and 09970, except as
follows:
d) Milled surfaces.
e) Top surface of steel beam flanges to receive shear connectors, but not
supporting metal deck.
B. Surface Preparation
1. Cleaning
a) After inspection and before shop painting, clean steel work. Remove all
rust, loose mill scale and spatter, slag, flux deposits, oil and grease.
Clean steel in any one method conforming with the SSPC “Society for
Protective Coatings (formerly Structural Steel Painting Council)”
specifications as follows:
1) SSPC SP1, Surface Preparation Specification No. 1, Solvent
Cleaning.
2) SSPC SP2, Surface Preparation Specification No. 2, Hand Tool
Cleaning.
3) SSPC SP3, Surface Preparation Specification No. 3, Power Tool
Cleaning.
4) SSPC SP6, Surface Preparation Specification No. 6, Commercial
Blast Cleaning.
5) SSPC SP7, Surface Preparation Specification No. 7, Brush-Off
Blast Cleaning.
6) SSPC SP10, Surface Preparation Specification No. 10, Near-
White Blast Cleaning.
7) SSPC PT-3, Primer Pretreatment No. 3, Primer Pretreatment
Applied Over-Cleaned Surfaces for Steel Immersed in Water or
Exposed to Chemical Environment.
2. Shop Coat
C. Primer Application
1. Apply primer which is compatible to the finish coat where required by brush,
spray, roller, or other approved means to provide the required minimum dry
film thickness.
5. Runs, sags, thin and excessively thick areas in the paint film, skips and
holidays, or non-uniform appearance shall be considered evidence of
unsatisfactory work and may be required to blast clean the areas and re-apply
the paint.
3.06 ERECTION
A. General
1. All structural work shall be erected in accordance with the approved Erection
Drawings. The Contractor shall be responsible for setting out the works.
2. The suitability and capacity of all plant and equipment used for erection shall
be to the satisfaction of the Royal Commission. These shall be regularly
serviced and maintained.
4. Method of Erection
5. Job-Site Conditions
a) The Contractor shall provide and maintain the following for the
Fabricator and the Erector:
1) Adequate access roads into and through the job site for the safe
delivery and movement of the material to be erected and of
derricks, cranes, trucks and other necessary equipment under
their own power.
2) A firm, properly graded, drained, convenient and adequate space
at the job site for the operation of the Erector’s equipment, free
from overhead obstructions, such as power lines, telephone lines
or similar condition.
3) Adequate storage space, when the structure does not occupy the
full available job site, to enable the Fabricator and the Erector to
operate at maximum practical speed. Otherwise, the Contractor
shall inform the Fabricator and the Erector of the actual job-site
conditions and special delivery requirements prior to submission
of their contract bid.
1. The accurate location, strength and suitability of, and access to, all
foundations, piers and abutments shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
1. The Contractor shall be responsible for the accurate location of building lines
and bench marks at the job site and shall furnish the Erector with a plan that
contains all such information.
2. The Contractor shall establish offset building lines and reference elevations at
each level for the Erector’s use in the positioning of adjustable items.
1. Anchor bolts, foundation bolts and other embedded items shall be set by the
Contractor in accordance with an approved Embedment Drawing. The
variation in location of these items from the dimensions shown in the
Embedment Drawings shall be as follows:
a) The variation in dimension between the centers of any two anchor bolts
within an anchor-bolt group shall be equal to or less than 3 mm.
2. Unless otherwise specified on the Contract Drawings, anchor bolts shall be set
with their longitudinal axis perpendicular to the theoretical bearing surface.
3. Embedded items and connection materials that are part of the work of other
trades, but that will receive structural steel, shall be located and set by the
Contractor in accordance with an approved Embedment Drawing. The
variation in location shall be limited to a magnitude that is in conformance with
the tolerances specified in par. 3.07.
5. The Contractor shall conduct a survey of the as-built locations of anchor bolts,
foundation bolts and other embedded items, and shall verify that all items meet
the corresponding tolerances.
6. The Contractor shall obtain the guidance and approval of the Royal
Commission for corrective action, when necessary.
1. All leveling plates, leveling nuts and washers and loose base and bearing
plates that can be handled without a derrick or crane are set to line and grade
by the Contractor.
2. Loose base and bearing plates that require handling with derrick or crane shall
be set by the Erector to lines and grades established by the Contractor.
3. The Fabricator shall clearly scribe loose base and bearing plates with lines or
other suitable marks to facilitate proper alignment.
4. The checking of setting of bearing devices for line and grade shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor.
5. The variation in elevation relative to the established grade for bearing devices
shall be equal to or less than ± 3 mm.
F. Non-Shrink Grouting
1. Grouting shall be the responsibility of the Contractor. Leveling plates and loose
base and bearing plates shall be promptly grouted after they are set and
checked for line and grade.
2. Columns with attached base plates, beams with attached bearing plates and
other similar members with attached bearing devices that are temporarily
supported on leveling nuts and washers, shims or other similar leveling
devices, shall be promptly grouted after the structural steel frame or portion
thereof has been plumbed.
1. The Fabricator shall provide field connection details that are consistent with
the requirements on the Contract Drawings.
2. When the Fabricator is responsible for erecting the structural steel, the
Fabricator shall furnish all materials that are required for both temporary and
connection of the component parts of the structural steel frame.
3. When the erection of the structural steel is not performed by the Fabricator, the
Fabricator shall furnish the following field connection material:
a) Bolts, nuts and washers of the required grade, type and size and in
sufficient quantity for all structural steel-to-structural steel field
connections that are permanently bolted, including an extra 2% of each
bolt size (diameter and length).
c) Backing bars and run-off tabs that are required for field welding.
4. The Erector shall furnish all welding electrodes, fit-up bolts and drift pins used
for the erection of the structural steel.
H. Loose Material
1. Unless specified on the Contract Drawings, loose structural steel items that are
not connected to the structural steel frame shall be set by the Contractor
without assistance from the Erector.
1. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission the temporary support
plan and calculations for review and approval prior to commencement of steel
frame erection.
2. The Erector shall determine, furnish and install all temporary supports, such as
temporary guys, beams, falsework, cribbing or other elements required for the
erection operation. These temporary supports shall be sufficient to secure the
bare structural steel framing or any portion thereof against loads that are likely
to be encountered during erection, including those due to wind and those that
result from erection operations.
3. Temporary supports that are required during or after the erection of the
structural steel frame for the support of loads caused by non-structural
elements, including cladding, interior partitions and other such elements that
will induce or transmit loads to the structural steel frame during or after
erection, shall be the responsibility of other trades.
4. All temporary supports that are required for the erection operation and
furnished and installed by the Erector shall remain the property of the Erector
and shall not be modified, moved or removed without the consent of the
Erector.
5. Temporary supports provided by the Erector shall remain in place until the
portion of the structural steel frame that they brace is complete and the lateral-
load-resisting system and connecting diaphragm elements are installed.
6. Temporary supports that are required to be left in place after the completion of
structural steel erection shall be removed when no longer needed by the
Contractor and returned to the Erector in good condition.
J. Safety Protection
1. The Erector shall provide floor coverings, handrails, walkways and other safety
protection for the Erector’s personnel as required by the law and applicable
safety regulations.
3. When safety protection provided by the Erector is left in an area for the use of
other trades after the structural steel erection activity is completed, the
Contractor shall:
b) Indemnify the Fabricator and the Erector from damages that may be
incurred from the use by other affected trades.
4. Safety protection for other trades that are not under the direct employment of
the Erector shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
5. When permanent steel decking is used for protective flooring and is installed
by the Contractor, all such work shall be scheduled and performed in a timely
manner so as not to interfere with or delay the work of the Fabricator or the
Erector. The sequence of installation that is used shall meet all safety
regulations.
A. The accumulation of the mill tolerances and fabrication tolerances shall not cause the
erection tolerances to be exceeded.
B. Erection tolerances shall be defined relative to member working points and working
lines, which shall be defined as follows:
1. For members other than horizontal members, the member work point shall be
the actual center of the member at each end of the shipping piece.
2. For horizontal members, the working point shall be the actual centerline of the
top flange or top surface at each end.
3. The member working line shall be the straight line that connects the member
working points.
C. The tolerances on position and alignment of member working points and working
lines shall be:
1. For an individual column shipping piece, the angular variation of the working
line from a plumb line shall be equal to or less than 1/500 of the distance
between working points, subject to the following additional limitations:
2. For members other than column shipping pieces, the following limitations shall
apply:
c) For a member that consists of an individual shipping piece that does not
connect to a column, the variation in elevation shall be acceptable if it is
caused solely by the variations in the elevations of the supporting
members within the permissible variations for the fabrication and
erection of those members.
a) When adjustable items are specified, the Contractor shall indicate the
total adjustability that is required for the proper alignment of these
supports for other trades. The variation in the position and alignment of
adjustable items shall be as follows:
1) The variation in the vertical distance from the upper finished splice
line of the nearest column to the support location specified in the
Structural Contract Drawings shall be equal to or less than
± 10 mm.
2) The variation in the horizontal distance from the established finish
line at the particular floor shall be equal to or less than ± 10 mm.
3) The variation in vertical and horizontal alignment at the abutting
ends of adjustable items shall be equal to or less than ± 5 mm.
4. In the design of steel structures, the Contractor shall provide for the necessary
clearances and adjustments for material furnished by other trades to
accommodate the mill tolerances, fabrication tolerances and erection
tolerances in this Specification for the structural steel frame.
A. The Erector shall use special care in unloading, handling and erecting the structural
steel to avoid marking or distorting the structural steel. Care shall be taken to
minimize damage to any shop paint.
B. If temporary braces or erection clips are used, care shall be taken to avoid the
creation of unsightly surfaces upon removal.
C. Tack welds shall be ground smooth and holes shall be filled with weld metal or body
solder and smoothed by grinding or filing.
D. The Erector shall plan and execute all operations in a manner that the close fit and
neat appearance of the structure will not be impaired.
E. Check members by transit for horizontal and vertical lines and variation from plane,
as the work progresses, to ensure erection of the completed members within the
required dimensions and tolerance limits.
H. When architecturally exposed structural steel is backed with concrete, the Contractor
shall provide sufficient shores, ties and strongbacks to prevent sagging, bulging or
similar deformation of the architecturally exposed structural steel members due to the
weight and pressure of the wet concrete.
A. Prior to placing or applying any other materials, the Contractor shall determine that
the location of the structural steel is acceptable for plumbness, elevation and
alignment, by conducting an accurate survey.
B. The Erector shall be given either timely notice of acceptance by the Contractor, or a
listing of specific items that are to be corrected in order to obtain acceptance. Such
notice shall be rendered promptly upon completion of any part of the work and prior
to the start of work by other trades that may be supported, attached or applied to the
structural steel frame. Copy of such notice shall also be submitted to the Royal
Commission.
C. Should locations vary beyond the allowable tolerances, the necessary corrective
measures shall be submitted to the Royal Commission for approval.
B. Errors that cannot be corrected using the foregoing means, or that require major
changes in member or connection configuration, shall be promptly reported to the
Royal Commission, to enable the responsible entity to either correct the error or
approve the most efficient and economical method of correction to be used.
1. Neither the Fabricator nor the Erector shall cut, drill or alter their work, nor the
work of other trades, to accommodate other trades, unless such work is
A. Touch Up Painting
1. The Contractor shall be the responsible to paint bolt heads and nuts or field
welds, and to perform any other field painting.
B. Cleaning
1. After erection, the Erector shall clean exposed surfaces of field connections,
unpainted areas adjacent to field connections, and damaged areas in the shop
coat according to the same standards required for the shop coat, and paint
with the same primer used in the shop coat.
A. Inspection
1. Verify surfaces to receive fireproofing are clean and free of dust, soot, oil,
grease, water soluble materials or any foreign substance which would prevent
adhesion of the fireproofing material.
2. Verify hangers, inserts and clips are installed before the application of
fireproofing material.
3. Verify ductwork, piping, and other obstructing material and equipment is not
installed that will interfere with fireproofing installation.
B. Application
1. Application shall not start until written approval has been obtained from
manufacturer of fireproofing materials that surfaces have been inspected by
the manufacturer or his representative, and are suitable to receive sprayed-on
fireproofing.
b) Apply adhesive and sealer, when not integral part of the materials, in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
1. Inspect after mechanical, electrical and other trades have completed work in
contact with fireproofing material, but before sprayed material is covered by
subsequent construction.
3. Repair
3.13 CLEAN UP
A. Upon completion of work, the Contractor shall leave premises neat and clean, to the
satisfaction of the Royal Commission.
END OF SECTION