LAMPIRAN B

PERHITUNGAN

 Run I, Bukaan Panas (Tube) = 95°, Bukaan Dingin (Shell) = 75°

A. Suhu 41°C
T1 = 39 °C = 102,20 °F
T2 = 36 °C = 96,80 °F
t1 = 31 °C = 87,80 °F
t2 = 33 °C = 91,40 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 19 L/menit = 109,489 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
109,489 = W × 1,0 (102,20 – 96,80)
109,489 = 5,4 W
W = 20,276 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,2 L/menit = 35,728 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
35,728 = W × 1,0 (91,40 – 87,80)
35,728 = 3,6 W
W = 9,924 lb/hr
2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(102,20- 91,40)- (96,80 - 87,80)

= ( 102,20- 91,40)
ln (96,80
- 87,80)

1,8 1,8
= 10,8 = =10
ln 0,18
9

(T1 - T2 ) (102,20 – 96,80) 5,4

R= = = = 1,5
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 87,80) 3,6

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 87,80) 3,6

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,25
(102,20-87,80) 14,4

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,985
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 10 (0,985)= 9,85

3. Tc dan tc
102,20+96,80
Tc = = 99,5
2
91,40 + 87,80
tc = = 89,6
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 99,5 dan tc = 89,6

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 9,924 W 20,276
Gs = = =45,109 lb⁄ Gt = = =14.482,857 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
14.482,857
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0644 fps

6. Pada tc = 89,6 °F 6) Pada Tc = 99,5 °F

𝜇 = 0,86 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,74 × 2,42
= 2,081 lb ft hr = 1,791 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 45,109 De Gt 0,042 × 14.482,857

Res = = Ret = =
μ 2,081 μ 1,791
= 11,489 = 339,632

7. jH = 2
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 89,6 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,357 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
 1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,357
= 1,799
9) hi = 335 x 0,99 = 331,65
𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
0,357
= 2 ( 0,53 ) [1,799]𝑥 1 = 2,424 𝐼𝐷 0,041
ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 331,65 × 0,042 = 323,75

(10), (11), (12) the small difference in

the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 323,75 × 2,424
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 2,406 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
323,75 + 2,424

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 35,728 𝑄 109,489
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (9,85) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (9,85)

= 16,487 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 7939,738 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 16,487 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 7939,738
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,355 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 16,487 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 7939,738

= -0,415

B. Suhu 46°C
T1 = 43 °C = 109,4 °F
T2 = 40 °C = 104 °F
t1 = 31 °C = 87,8 °F
t2 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
1. W Pada aliran panas
𝑄 = 18 L/menit = 103,726 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
103,726 = W × 1,0 (109,41 – 104)
103,726 = 5,41 W
W = 19,173 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,0 L/menit = 34,575 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
34,575 = W × 1,0 (89,6 – 87,80)
34,575 = 1,8 W
W = 19,208 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(109,41- 89,6)- (104 - 87,80)

= ( 109,41- 89,60)
ln (104
- 87,80)

3,61 3,61
= 19,81 = =17,96
ln 0,201
16,2

(T1 - T2 ) (109,41 – 104) 5,41

R= = = = 3,005
(t2 -t1 ) (89,60 - 87,80) 1.8

(t2 - t1 ) (89,60 - 87,80) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,083
(109,41-87,80) 21,61

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
 ∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 17,96 (0,99)= 17,78

3. Tc dan tc
109,41+104
Tc = = 106,705
2
89,6 + 87,80
tc = = 88,7
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 106,705 dan tc = 88,7

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 19,208 W 19,173
Gs = = = 87,309 lb⁄ Gt = = =13.695 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
13.695
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0608 fps
6. Pada tc = 88,7 °F 6) Pada Tc = 106,705 °F
𝜇 = 0,86 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,69 × 2,42
= 2,081 lb ft hr = 1,669 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 87,309 De Gt 0,042 × 13.695

Res = = Ret = =
μ 2,081 μ 1,669
= 22,236 = 344,632

7. jH = 2,6
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 88,7 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,357 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,357
= 1,799

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 350 x 0,99 = 346,5

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,357
= 2,6 ( 0,53 ) [1,799]𝑥 1
𝐼𝐷 0,041
= 3,151 ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 346,5 × 0,042 = 338,25
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 338,25 × 3,151
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 3,122 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
338,25 + 3,151

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

 𝑄 34,575 𝑄 103,726
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (17,78) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (17,78)

= 8,839 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 4167,376 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,122 − 8,839 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,122 − 4167,376
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,207 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,122 × 8,839 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,122 × 4167,376

= -0,32

C. Suhu 51°C
T1 = 49 °C = 120,2 °F
T2 = 46 °C = 114,8 °F
t1 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
t2 = 33 °C = 91,4 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 19 L/menit = 109,489 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
109,489 = W × 1,0 (120,2 – 114,8)
109,489 = 5,4 W
W = 20,276 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,0 L/menit = 34,575 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
34,575 = W × 1,0 (91,40 – 89,60)
34,575 = 1,8 W
W = 19,208 lb/hr
2. LMTD
 (T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(120,2- 91,4)- (114,8 - 89,60)

= ( 120,2- 91,4)
ln(114,8
- 89,60)

3,6 3,6
= 28,8 = = 26,866
ln 0,134
25,2

(T1 - T2 ) (120,2 – 114,8) 5,4

R= = = =3
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,058
(120,20-89,60) 30,6

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 26,866 (0,99)= 26,597

3. Tc dan tc
120,20+114,8
Tc = = 117,5
2
91,40 + 89,60
tc = = 90,5
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 117,5 dan tc = 90,5

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
 π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 19,208 W 20,276
Gs = = = 87,309 lb⁄ Gt = = =14.482,857 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
14.482,857
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0644 fps

6. Pada tc = 117,5 °F 6) Pada Tc = 90,5 °F

𝜇 = 0,6 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,74 × 2,42
= 1,452 lb ft hr = 1,791 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 87,309 De Gt 0,042 × 14.482,857

Res = = Ret = =
μ 1,452 μ 1,791
= 31,869 = 339,632

7. jH = 3,1
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 117,5 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,371 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(1,452 )
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,371
 = 1,576

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 330 x 0,99 = 326,7

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,371
= 3,1 ( 0,53 ) [1,576]𝑥 1

= 5,179 𝐼𝐷 0,041
ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 326,7 × 0,042 = 318,921
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 318,921 × 5,179
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 5,096 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
318,921 + 5,179

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 34,575 𝑄 109,489
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (26,597) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (26,597)

= 5,909 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 2940,881 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 5,096 − 5,909 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 5,096 − 2940,881
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,027 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 5,096 × 5,909 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 5,096 × 2940,881

= -0,196

 Run II, Bukaan Panas (Tube) = 85°, Bukaan Dingin (Shell) = 85°
A. Suhu 41°C
T1 = 40 °C = 104 °F
T2 = 37 °C = 98,6 °F
t1 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
t2 = 34 °C = 93,20 °F
1. W Pada aliran panas
𝑄 = 18 L/menit = 103,726 Btu/hr
 Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
103,726 = W × 1,0 (104– 98,6)
103,726 = 5,4 W
W = 20,276 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,3 L/menit = 36,304 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
36,304 = W × 1,0 (93,20 – 89,60)
36,304 = 3,6 W
W = 10,084 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(104- 93,2)- (98,60 - 89,60)

= ( 104- 93,2)
ln(98,60
- 89,60)

3,8 3,8
= 10,8 = =8,755
ln 0,434
7

(T1 - T2 ) (104 – 98,60) 5,4

R= = = = 1,5
(t2 -t1 ) (93,20 - 89,60) 3,6

(t2 - t1 ) (93,20 - 89,60) 3,6

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,25
(104- 89,60) 14,4

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,985
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 8,775 (0,985)= 8,643

3. Tc dan tc
 104+98,60
Tc = = 101,3
2
93,20 + 89,60
tc = = 91,4
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 101,3 dan tc = 91,4

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 10,084 W 20,276
Gs = = =45,836 lb⁄ Gt = = =14.482,857 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
14.482,857
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0644 fps

6. Pada tc = 91,4 °F 6) Pada Tc = 101,3 °F

𝜇 = 0,8 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,75 × 2,42
= 1,936 lb ft hr = 1,815 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.
 De Gs 0,53 × 45,836 De Gt 0,042 × 14.482,857
Res = = Ret = =
μ 1,936 μ 1,815
= 12,548 = 335,140

7. jH = 2
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 101,3 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,363 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(1,936)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,363
= 1,746

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 340 x 0,99 = 336,6

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,357
= 2 ( 0,53 ) [1,746]𝑥 1 = 2,352
𝐼𝐷 0,041
ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 336,6 × 0,042 = 328,585
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 328,585 × 2,352
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 2,335 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
328,585 + 2,352

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 36,304 𝑄 103,726
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (8,643) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (8,643)
 = 19,093 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 8572,397 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,335 − 19,093 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,335 − 8572,397
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,375 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,335 × 19,093 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,335 × 8572,397

= -0,428

B. Suhu 46°C
T1 = 43 °C = 109,4 °F
T2 = 41 °C = 105,8 °F
t1 = 31 °C = 87,8 °F
t2 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 18 L/menit = 103,726 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
103,726 = W × 1,0 (109,4 – 105,8)
103,726 = 3,6 W
W = 28,813 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,3 L/menit = 36,304 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
36,304 = W × 1,0 (89,6 – 87,80)
36,304 = 1,8 W
W = 20,169 lb/hr
2. LMTD
 (T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(109,4- 89,6)- (105,8 - 87,80)

= ( 109,41- 89,60)
ln (105,8
- 87,80)

1,8 1,8
= 19,8 = =18,947
ln 0,095
18

(T1 - T2 ) (109,41 – 105,8) 3,6

R= = = =2
(t2 -t1 ) (89,60 - 87,80) 1.8

(t2 - t1 ) (89,60 - 87,80) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,083
(109,41-87,80) 21,61

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 18,947 (0,99)= 18,758

3. Tc dan tc
109,4+105,8
Tc = = 107,6
2
89,6 + 87,80
tc = = 88,7
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 107,6 dan tc = 88,7

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
 π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 20,169 W 28,813
Gs = = = 91,677 lb⁄ Gt = = = 20.580,714 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
20.580,714
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0915 fps
6. Pada tc = 88,7 °F 6) Pada Tc = 107,6 °F
𝜇 = 0,86 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,69 × 2,42
= 2,081 lb ft hr = 1,669 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 91,677 De Gt 0,042 × 20.580,714

Res = = Ret = =
μ 2,081 μ 1,669
= 23,349 = 517,909

7. jH = 2,6
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 88,7 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,357 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,357
 = 1,799

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 350 x 0,99 = 346,5

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,357
= 2,6 ( 0,53 ) [1,799]𝑥 1

= 3,151 𝐼𝐷 0,041
ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 346,5 × 0,042 = 338,25
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 338,25 × 3,151
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 3,122 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
338,25 + 3,151

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 34,575 𝑄 103,726
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (17,78) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (17,78)

= 8,839 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 4167,376 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,122 − 8,839 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,122 − 4167,376
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,207 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,122 × 8,839 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,122 × 4167,376

= -0,32

C. Suhu 51°C
T1 = 49 °C = 120,2 °F
T2 = 47 °C = 116,6 °F
t1 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
t2 = 33 °C = 91,4 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 18 L/menit = 103,726 Btu/hr
 Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
103,726 = W × 1,0 (120,2 – 116,6)
103,726 = 3,6W
W = 28,813 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,3 L/menit = 36,304 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
36,304 = W × 1,0 (91,40 – 89,60)
36,304 = 1,8 W
W = 20,168 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(120,2- 91,4)- (116,6 - 89,60)

= ( 120,2- 91,4)
ln(116,6
- 89,60)

3,6 1,8
= 28,8 = = 27,692
ln 0,065
27

(T1 - T2 ) (120,2 – 116,6) 3,6

R= = = =2
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= ( = = 0,058
120,20-89,60) 30,6

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
 ∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 27,692 (0,99)= 27,415

3. Tc dan tc
120,20+116,6
Tc = = 118,5
2
91,40 + 89,60
tc = = 90,5
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 118,4 dan tc = 90,5

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 20,168 W 28,813
Gs = = = 91,673 lb⁄ Gt = = = 20.580,714 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
20.580,714
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0915 fps

6. Pada tc = 118,4 °F
6) Pada Tc = 90,5 °F
𝜇 = 0,6 × 2,42
𝜇 = 0,74 × 2,42
= 1,452 lb ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, = 1,791 lb/ ft hr
halaman, 823. Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 91,677 De Gt 0,042 × 20.580,714

Res = = Ret = =
μ 2,081 μ 1,669
= 23,349 = 517,909

7. jH = 2,6
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 118,5 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,371 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081 )
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,371
= 1,776

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3
9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
9) hi = 330 x 0,99 = 326,7
0,371
= 2,6 ( 0,53 ) [1,776]𝑥 1 Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
= 3,232
𝐼𝐷 0,041
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 326,7 × 0,042 = 318,921
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1
13. Clean overall coefficient UC :
ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 318,921 × 3,232
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 3,103 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
318,921 +3,232
14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :
𝑄 36,304 𝑄 103,726
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (27,415) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (27,415)

= 6,019 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 2.702,605 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,103 − 6,019 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 3,103 − 2.702,605
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,156 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,103 × 6,019 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 3,103 × 2.702,605

= -0,322

 Run III, Bukaan Panas (Tube) = 75°, Bukaan Dingin (Shell) = 95°
A. Suhu 41°C
T1 = 39 °C = 102,2 °F
T2 = 36 °C = 96,8 °F
t1 = 31 °C = 87,8 °F
t2 = 33 °C = 91,40 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 17 L/menit = 97,964 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
97,964 = W × 1,0 (102,2– 96,8)
97,964 = 5,4 W
W = 18,141 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,0 L/menit = 34,575 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
 Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
34,575 = W × 1,0 (91,40 – 87,80)
34,575 = 3,6 W
W = 9,604 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(102,20- 91,40)- (96,80 - 87,80)

= ( 102,20- 91,40)
ln (96,80
- 87,80)

1,8 1,8
= 10,8 = =10
ln 0,18
9

(T1 - T2 ) (102,20 – 96,80) 5,4

R= = = = 1,5
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 87,80) 3,6

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 87,80) 3,6

S= (T1 -t1 )
= ( = = 0,25
102,20-87,80 ) 14,4

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,985
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 10 (0,985)= 9,85

3. Tc dan tc
102,20+96,80
Tc = = 99,5
2
91,40 + 87,80
tc = = 89,6
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 99,5 dan tc = 89,6

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft
 Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)
4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 9,604 W 18,141
Gs = = =43,655 lb⁄ Gt = = =12.957,857 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
12.957,857
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0576 fps

6. Pada tc = 89,6 °F 6) Pada Tc = 99,5 °F

𝜇 = 0,86 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,74 × 2,42
= 2,081 lb ft hr = 1,791 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 43,655 De Gt 0,042 × 12.957,857

Res = = Ret = =
μ 2,081 μ 1,791
= 11,118 = 544,229

7. jH = 2
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 89,6 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,357 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
 halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,357
= 1,799

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 335 x 0,99 = 331,65

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,357
= 2 ( 0,53 ) [1,799]𝑥 1 = 2,424
𝐼𝐷 0,041
ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 331,65 × 0,042 = 323,75
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 323,75 × 2,424
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 2,406 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
323,75 + 2,424

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 34,575 𝑄 97,964
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (9,85) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (9,85)

= 15,955 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 7103,988 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 15,955 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 7103,988
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,353 𝑅𝑑 = 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷
= 2,406 × 7103,988
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 15,955

= -0,415

B. Suhu 46°C
T1 = 45 °C = 113 °F
T2 = 42 °C = 107,6 °F
t1 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
 t2 = 33 °C = 91,4 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 17 L/menit = 97,964 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
97,964 = W × 1,0 (113 – 107,6)
97,964 = 5,4 W
W = 18,141 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,0 L/menit = 34,575 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
34,575 = W × 1,0 (91,4 – 89,6)
34,575 = 1,8 W
W = 19,208 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(113- 91,4)- (107,6 - 89,60)

= ( 113- 91,4)
ln(107,6
- 89,60)

3,6 3,6
= 21,6 = =20
ln 0,18
18

(T1 - T2 ) (113 – 107,6) 5,4

R= = = =3
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1.8

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,076
(113-89,60) 23,4
 Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 20(0,99)= 19,8

3. Tc dan tc
113+107,6
Tc = = 110,3
2
91,4 + 89,60
tc = = 90,5
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 106,705 dan tc = 88,7

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft

Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)

4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 19,208 W 19,173
Gs = = = 87,309 lb⁄ Gt = = =13.695 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
13.695
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0608 fps
6. Pada tc = 88,7 °F 6) Pada Tc = 106,705 °F
𝜇 = 0,69 × 2,42
 𝜇 = 0,86 × 2,42 = 1,669 lb/ ft hr
= 2,081 lb ft hr Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, halaman, 823.
halaman, 823.
De Gt 0,042 × 13.695
Ret = =
De Gs 0,53 × 87,309 μ 1,669
Res = =
μ 2,081 = 344,632
= 22,236

7. jH = 2,6
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838

8. Pada tc = 88,7 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,357 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(2,081)
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,357
= 1,799

9) hi = 350 x 0,99 = 346,5

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
0,357
= 2,6 ( ) [1,799]𝑥 1 𝐼𝐷 0,041
0,53 ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 346,5 × 0,042 = 338,25
= 3,151
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1
13. Clean overall coefficient UC :
ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 323,75 × 2,424
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 2,406 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
323,75 + 2,424

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 35,728 𝑄 109,489
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (9,85) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (9,85)

= 16,487 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 7939,738 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 16,487 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 7939,738
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,154 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 16,487 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 7939,738

= -0,154

C. Suhu 51°C
T1 = 49 °C = 120,2 °F
T2 = 46 °C = 114,8 °F
t1 = 32 °C = 89,6 °F
t2 = 33 °C = 91,4 °F

1. W Pada aliran panas

𝑄 = 19 L/menit = 109,489 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(T1 – T2)
109,489 = W × 1,0 (120,2 – 114,8)
109,489 = 5,4 W
W = 20,276 lb/hr

W Pada aliran dingin

𝑄 = 6,0 L/menit = 34,575 Btu/hr
Cp = 1,0 Btu/lb °F
Q = W.Cp(t2 – t1)
34,575 = W × 1,0 (91,40 – 89,60)
 34,575 = 1,8 W
W = 19,208 lb/hr

2. LMTD
(T1 - t2 )- (T2 - t1 )
LMTD = (T -t )
ln (T 1- t 2)
2 1

(120,2- 91,4)- (114,8 - 89,60)

= ( 120,2- 91,4)
ln(114,8
- 89,60)

3,6 3,6
= 28,8 = = 26,866
ln 0,134
25,2

(T1 - T2 ) (120,2 – 114,8) 5,4

R= = = =3
(t2 -t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

(t2 - t1 ) (91,40 - 89,60) 1,8

S= (T1 -t1 )
= = = 0,058
(120,20-89,60) 30,6

Dari Fig. 19 Kern, halaman 829 pada lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa:

Ft = 0,99
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 26,866 (0,99)= 26,597

3. Tc dan tc
120,20+114,8
Tc = = 117,5
2
91,40 + 89,60
tc = = 90,5
2

Temperatur rata Ta dan ta adalah Tc = 117,5 dan tc = 90,5

Fluida panas pada bagian Tube

Diameter tube = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter Shell = 16 cm = 0,53 ft
 Fluida Dingin (Shell) Fluida Panas (Tube)
4. Flow Area 4) Flow Area
π D2 3,14 (0,53)2 π D2 3,14 (0,042 ft)2
As = = = 0,22 ft2 As = =
4 4 4 4
= 0,0014 ft2

5. Mass velocity 5) Mass velocity

W 19,208 W 20,276
Gs = = = 87,309 lb⁄ Gt = = =14.482,857 lb⁄
As 0,22 hr ft2 As 0,0014 hr. ft2
Gt
Vel, V = 3600ρ
14.482,857
= 3600 × 62,5

= 0,0644 fps

6. Pada tc = 117,5 °F 6) Pada Tc = 90,5 °F

𝜇 = 0,6 × 2,42 𝜇 = 0,74 × 2,42
= 1,452 lb ft hr = 1,791 lb/ ft hr
Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern, Dari lampiran grafik Fig. 14 Kern,
halaman, 823. halaman, 823.

De Gs 0,53 × 87,309 De Gt 0,042 × 14.482,857

Res = = Ret = =
μ 1,452 μ 1,791
= 31,869 = 339,632

7. jH = 3,1
Dari Fig. 28 Kern, halaman 838
8. Pada tc = 117,5 °F
C = 1,0 Btu/lb°F
K = 0,371 Btu/hr (ft)2(°F/ft)
Nilai k didapat dari Table. 4 Kern,
halaman 800
 1/3
𝑐 . 𝜇 1/3 (1,0)(1,452 )
[ ] =[ ]
𝐾 0,371
= 1,576

𝐾 𝑐 .𝜇 1/3 9) hi = 330 x 0,99 = 326,7

9. ℎ𝑜 = 𝐽𝐻 (𝐷) [ ] ∅𝑠
𝐾
Dari Fig. 25 Kern, halaman 835
0,371
= 3,1 ( 0,53 ) [1,576]𝑥 1
𝐼𝐷 0,041
= 5,179 ℎ𝑖𝑜= hi × 0𝐷 = 326,7 × 0,042 = 318,921
(10), (11), (12) the small difference in
the average temperature eliminates the
need for a tube wall correction, and
∅𝑠 = 1

13. Clean overall coefficient UC :

ℎ𝑖𝑜ℎ𝑜 323,75 × 2,424
𝑈𝐶 = ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 2,406 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)
323,75 + 2,424

14. Design overall coefficient UD : 14) Design overall coefficient UD :

𝑄 35,728 𝑄 109,489
𝑈𝐷 = = 𝑈𝐷 = =
𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,22 ft2 (9,85) 𝐴𝑠 .∆𝑡 0,0014 ft2 (9,85)

= 16,487 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F) = 7939,738 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(°F)

15. Dirt factor Rd : 15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 16,487 𝑈𝑐 − 𝑈𝐷 2,406 − 7939,738
𝑅𝑑 = = = -0,154 𝑅𝑑 = =
𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 16,487 𝑈𝑐𝑈𝐷 2,406 × 7939,738

= -0,154