SPS 341 Appendix A

Published under s. 35.93, Wis. Stats., by the Legislative Reference Bureau.
91 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A
Chapter SPS 341

APPENDIX A
EXCERPTS FROM: ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

SECTION I − POWER BOILERS
2010 EDITION
INTRODUCTION
This Code covers rules for construction of power boilers1, shall conform to the requirements of the Code. All other require-
electric boilers2, miniature boilers3, high−temperature water ments shall also be met except where they relate to special fea-
boilers4, heat recovery steam generators5, and certain fired pres- tures of construction made necessary in boilers of these types,
sure vessels6 to be used in stationary service and includes those and to accessories that are manifestly not needed or used in con-
power boilers used in locomotive, portable, and traction service. nection with such boilers, such as water gages and water col-
Reference to a paragraph includes all the subparagraphs and umns.
subdivisions under that paragraph. Reheaters receiving steam which has passed through part of
1 Power boiler − a boiler in which steam or other vapor is generated at a pres- a turbine or other prime mover and separately fired steam super-
sure of more than 15 psi (100 kPa) for use external to itself. heaters which are not integral with the boiler are considered fired
2 Electric boiler − a power boiler or a high−temperature water boiler in which pressure vessels and their construction shall comply with Code
the source of heat is electricity. requirements for superheaters, including safety devices. Piping
3 Miniature boiler − a power boiler or a high−temperature water boiler in between the reheater connections and the turbine or other prime
which the limits specified in PMB−2 are not exceeded. mover is not within the scope of the Code. Steam piping to the
4 High−temperature water boiler − a water boiler intended for operation at inlet connections and from the outlet connections of nonintegral
pressures in excess of 160 psi (1.1 MPa) and/or temperatures in excess of separately fired superheaters is not within the scope of the Code.
250°F (120°C). A pressure vessel in which steam is generated by the applica-
5 Heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) − a boiler that has as its principal
tion of heat resulting from the combustion of fuel (solid, liquid,
source of thermal energy a hot gas steam having high−ramp rates and tem- or gaseous) shall be classed as a fired steam boiler.
peratures such as the exhaust of a gas turbine.
6 Fired pressure vessel − reheaters, isolable superheaters, and nonintegral sep- Unfired pressure vessels in which steam is generated shall be
arately fired superheaters. classed as unfired steam boilers with the following exceptions:
The Code does not contain rules to cover all details of design (a) vessels known as evaporators or heat exchangers
and construction. Where complete details are not given, it is (b) vessels in which steam is generated by the use of heat
intended that the manufacturer, subject to the acceptance of the resulting from operation of a processing system containing a
Authorized Inspector, shall provide details of design and con- number of pressure vessels such as used in the manufacture of
struction which will be as safe as otherwise provided by the rules chemical and petroleum products
in the Code. Unfired steam boilers shall be constructed under the provi-
The scope of jurisdiction of Section I applies to the boiler sions of Section I or Section VIII.
proper and to the boiler external piping. Expansion tanks connected to high−temperature water boil-
Superheaters, economizers, and other pressure parts con- ers without intervening valves shall be constructed to the
nected directly to the boiler without intervening valves shall be requirements of Section I or Section VIII.
considered as parts of the boiler proper, and their construction A pressure vessel in which an organic fluid is vaporized by
shall conform to Section I rules. the application of heat resulting from the combustion of fuel
Boiler external piping shall be considered as that piping (solid, liquid, or gaseous) shall be constructed under the provi-
which begins where the boiler proper or isolable superheater, or sions of Section I. Vessels in which vapor is generated incidental
isolable economizer terminates at: to the operation of a processing system, containing a number of
pressure vessels such as used in chemical and petroleum manu-
(a) the first circumferential joint for welding end connec-
facture, are not covered by the rules of Section I.
tions; or
(b) the face of the first flange in bolted flanged connections;
or
PART PG
(c) the first threaded joint in that type of connection; and GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL
which extends up to and including the valve or valves required METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
by this Code. GENERAL
ASME Code Certification (including Data Forms and Code
PG−1 SCOPE
Symbol Stamping), and/or inspection by the Authorized Inspec-
tor,when required by this Code, is required for the boiler proper The requirements of Part PG apply to power boilers and high
and the boiler external piping. pressure, high−temperature water boilers and to parts and appur-
tenances thereto and shall be used in conjunction with the spe-
Construction rules for materials, design, fabrication, installa- cific requirements in the applicable Parts of this Section that per-
tion, and testing of the boiler external piping are contained in tain to the methods of construction used.
ASME B3l.l, Power Piping. Piping beyond the valve or valves
required by Section I is not within the scope of Section I, and it PG−2 SERVICE LIMITATIONS
is not the intent that the Code Symbol Stamp be applied to such PG−2.1 The rules of this Section are applicable to the follow-
piping or any other piping. ing services:
The material for forced−circulation boilers, boilers with no (a) boilers in which steam or other vapor is generated at a
fixed steam and water line, and high−temperature water boilers pressure of more than 15 psig (100kPa)
Published under s. 35.93, Stats. Updated on the first day of each month. Entire code is always current. The Register date on each page
is the date the chapter was last published. Register May 2012 No. 677
SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 92
(b) high−temperature water boilers intended for operation at PG−5.4 Size Limits and Tolerances
pressures exceeding 160 psig (1.1 MPa) and/or temperatures PG−5.4.1 Materials outside the limits of size or thickness
exceeding 250_F (120_C) given in the title or scope clause of any specification in Section
PG−2.2 For services below those specified in PG−2.1 it is II may be used if the material is in compliance with the other
intended that rules of Section IV apply; however, boilers for requirements of the specification, and no similar limitation is
such services may be constructed and stamped in accordance given in the rules for construction.
with this Section provided all applicable requirements are met. PG−5.4.2 Pipe having a tolerance of ±1% on either the O.D.
PG−2.3 Coil−type hot water boilers where the water can or the I.D. rather than the tolerance specified in the material
flash into steam when released directly to the atmosphere specification, may be used, provided the material complies with
through a manually operated nozzle may be exempted from the all other requirements of the specifications. When used under
rules of this Section provided the following conditions are met: external pressure, such pipe shall be limited to a maximum of 24
(a) There is no drum, header, or other steam space. in. (600 mm) in diameter. The pipe shall include the designation
1% O.D. or 1% I.D., as appropriate, in any required documenta-
(b) No steam is generated within the coil. tion and marking of the material.
(c) Tubing outside diameter does not exceed 1 in. (25 mm). PG−5.5 The use of austenitic alloy steel is permitted for
(d) Pipe size does not exceed NPS ¾ (DN 20). boiler pressure parts that are steam touched in normal operation.
(e) Nominal water capacity does not exceed 6 gal (23 L). Except as specifically provided in PG−9.1.1, PG−12, and
PEB−5.3, the use of such austenitic alloys for boiler pressure
(f) Water temperature does not exceed 350_F (175_C). parts that are water wetted in normal service is prohibited.7
(g) Adequate safety relief valves and controls are provided. 7 Austenitic alloys are susceptible to intergranular corrosion and stress corro-
PG−3 REFERENCED STANDARDS sion cracking when used in boiler applications in water wetted service. Fac-
tors that affect the sensitivity to these metallurgical phenomena are applied
Specific editions of standards referenced in this Section are
or residual stress and water chemistry. Susceptibility to attack is usually
shown in A−360.
enhanced by using the material in a stressed condition with a concentration
PG−4 UNITS of corrosive agents (e.g., chlorides, caustic, or reduced sulfur species). For
Either U.S. Customary units or SI units may be used for com- successful operation in water environments, residual and applied stresses
pliance with all requirements of this edition, but one system shall must be minimized and careful attention must be paid to continuous control
of water chemistry.
be used consistently throughout for all phases of construction.
Either the U.S. Customary units or SI units that are listed in PG−5.6 P−No. 15E, Group 1 Materials
Mandatory Appendix II are identified in the text, or are identi- PG−5.6.1 If during any phase of manufacturing or erection
fied in the nomenclature for equations, shall be used consistently any portion of the component that does not contain a weld is
for all phases of construction (e.g., materials, design, fabrica- heated to a temperature greater than 1,470°F (800°C), one of the
tion, and reports). Since values in the two systems are not exact following actions shall be performed:
equivalents, each system shall be used independently of the (a) The component shall be reaustenitized and retempered in
other without mixing U.S. Customary units and SI units. its entirety in accordance with the specification requirements.
When SI units are selected, U.S. Customary values in refer- (b) That portion of the component heated above 1,470°F
enced specifications that do not contain SI units shall be con- (800°C), including the heat−affected zone created by the local
verted to SI values to at least three significant figures for use in heating, must be replaced or must be removed, reaustenitized,
calculations and other aspects of construction. and retempered in accordance with the specification require-
MATERIALS ments and then replaced in the component.
(c) If the allowable stress values to be used are less than or
PG−5 GENERAL equal to those provided in Table 1A of Section II, Part D for
PG−5.1 Except as otherwise permitted in PG−8.2, PG−8.3, Grade 9 (e.g., SA−213 T9, SA−335 P9, or equivalent product
PG−10, and PG−11, material subject to stress due to pressure specifications) at the design temperature, then the requirements
shall conform to one of the specifications given in Section II and stated above may be waived, provided that the portion of the
shall be limited to those that are listed in the Tables of Section component heated above 1,470°F (800°C) is retempered in
II, Part D. The manufacturer shall ensure that the correct mate- accordance with the specification requirements. The use of this
rial has been received and is properly identified before proceed- provision shall be noted on the Manufacturer’s Data Report.
ing with construction (see A−302.4). Materials shall not be used PG−5.6.2 If during any phase of manufacturing or erection
at temperatures above those for which stress values are limited, of the component, any portion that does contain a weld is heated
for Section I construction, in the Tables of Section II, Part D. above 1,425°F (775°C), then the requirements of Notes (3) and
Specific additional requirements described in PG−5 through (4) of Table PW−39 for P−No. 15E, Group 1 Materials, shall
PG−13 shall be met as applicable. apply for reheat treatment.
PG−5.2 Material covered by specifications in Section II is PG−6 PLATE
not restricted as to the method of production unless so stated in
the specification, and as long as the product complies with the PG−6.1 Steel plates for any part of a boiler subject to pres-
requirements of the specification. sure, whether or not exposed to the fire or products of combus-
tion shall be of pressure vessel quality in accordance with one
PG−5.3 If, in the development of the art of boiler construc- of the following specifications:
tion, it is desired to use materials other than those herein
SA−202 Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium−
described, data should be submitted to the Boiler and Pressure Manganese−Silicon
Vessel Committee in accordance with the requirements of
Appendix 5 of Section II, Part D. Material not completely iden- SA−204 Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Molybdenum
tified with any approved Code specifications may be used in the SA−240 (Type 405 only) Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel
construction of boilers under the conditions outlined in PG−10. (Ferritic Stainless), Chromium
Published under s. 35.93, Stats. Updated on the first day of each month. Entire code is always current. The Register date on each
Register Mary 2012 No. 677 page is the date the chapter was last published.
SA−285 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Low−and PG−55 SUPPORTS AND ATTACHMENT LUGS
Intermediate−Tensile Strength PG−55.1 Lugs or hangers when used to support a boiler of
SA−299 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, Manganese− any type shall be properly fitted to the surfaces to which they are
Silicon attached.
SA−302 Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Manganese− PG−55.2 Lugs, hangers, or brackets may be attached by
Molybdenum and Manganese−Molybdenum−Nickel fusion welding provided the welding meets the requirements of
Part PW, including stress relieving but omitting volumetric
SA−387 Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Chromium−Mo- examination and provided they are attached by full penetration
lybdenum welds, combination groove and fillet welds, or by fillet welds
SA−515 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermedi- along the entire periphery or contact edges. Some acceptable
ate− and Higher−Temperature Service forms of welds for lugs, hangers, or brackets are shown in Fig.
PW−16.2. The materials for lugs, hangers, or brackets are not
SA−516 Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Moderate− limited to those listed in Tables 1A and 1B of Section II, Part D,
and Lower−Temperature Service but shall be of weldable quality. The allowable load on the fillet
SA/AS 1548 Steel Plates for Pressure Equipment welds shall equal the product of the weld area based on mini-
mum leg dimension, the allowable stress value in tension of the
SA/EN−10028−2 Flat Products Made of Steels for Pressure
material being welded, and the factor 0.55. When using welded
Purposes pipe, the stress values given in Table 1A of Section II, Part D,
SA/JIS G3118 Carbon Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels for may be increased to that of the basic material by eliminating the
Intermediate and Moderate Temperature Service stated weld efficiencies.
BOILER EXTERNAL PIPING AND BOILER tion the boiler feed shutoff valve may be located upstream from
PROPER CONNECTIONS the boiler feed check valve.
PG−58 OUTLETS AND EXTERNAL PIPING If a feedwater heater or heaters meeting the requirements of
Part PFH are installed between the required stop valve and the
PG−58.1 General. The rules of this subparagraph apply to boiler, and are fitted with isolation and bypass valves, provisions
the boiler external piping as defined in the Preamble. must be made to prevent the feedwater pressure from exceeding
PG−58.2 Boiler External Piping Connections to Boilers. the maximum allowable working pressure of the piping or feed-
All boiler external piping connected to a boiler for any purpose water heater, whichever is less. Control and interlock systems
shall be attached to one of the types of joints listed in are permitted in order to prevent overpressure.
PG−59.1.1.1, PG−59.1.1.2, and PG−59.1.1.3. PG−58.3.4 When two or more boilers are fed from a com-
PG−58.3 Boiler External Piping. The following defines the mon source, the piping shall be up to and including a globe or
Code Jurisdictional Limits of the boiler external piping systems, regulating valve located between the check valve required in
including general requirements, valves, and inspection. The PG−58.3.3 and the source of supply. If the regulating valve is
limits are also shown in Figs. PG−58.3.1 and PG−58.3.2. The equipped with an isolation valve and a bypass valve, the piping
materials, design, fabrication, installation, and testing shall be in shall be up to and including both the isolation valve downstream
accordance with ASME B31.1, Power Piping. from the regulating valve and the shutoff valve in the bypass.
PG−58.3.1. The steam piping connected to the boiler drum PG−58.3.5 The feedwater piping for a forced−flow steam
or to the superheater outlet header shall extend up to and includ- generator with no fixed steam and waterline may terminate up
ing the first stop valve in each connection, except as required by to and including the stop valve near the boiler and omitting the
PG−58.3.2. In the case of a single boiler and prime mover instal- check valve near the boiler, provided that a check valve having
lation, the stop valve required herein may be omitted provided a pressure rating no less than the boiler inlet design pressure is
the prime mover throttle valve is equipped with an indicator to installed at the discharge of the boiler feed pump or elsewhere
show whether the valve is open or closed and is designed to within the feedline between the feed pump and the feed stop valve.
stand the required hydrostatic pressure test of the boiler. If the feedwater heater(s) is fitted with isolation and bypass
valves, the applicable requirements of PG−58.3.3 must be met.
For an isolable or separately fired superheater which dis-
charges steam directly to a process stream, the stop valve PG−58.3.6 The blowoff piping for all boilers, except forced−
required by this paragraph and the safety valve(s) required by flow steam generators with no fixed steam and waterline, high−
PG−68 may be omitted provided the following conditions are temperature water boilers, and those used for traction and/or
satisfied: portable purposes, when the maximum allowable working pres-
sure exceeds 100 psi (700kPa) shall extend through and includ-
(a) The boiler is a drum−type boiler in a single−boiler instal- ing the second valve. The blowoff piping for all traction and/or
lation. portable boilers and for forced circulation and electric boilers
(b) The steam discharge passes through the process stream having a normal water content not exceeding 100 gal (380 L) are
to the atmosphere with no intervening valves. required to extend through only one valve.
(c) The system shall be designed so that the process stream PG−58.3.7 The miscellaneous piping shall include the pip-
through which the steam discharge passes cannot be obstructed ing for such items as drains, vents, surface−blow−off, steam and
in such a way as to cause the pressure in the superheater to water piping for water columns, gage glasses and pressure
exceed that permitted by PG−67.2, with maximum steam flow gages, and the recirculation return line for a high−temperature
from the boiler to the superheater. Flow and pressure calcula- water boiler. When a drain is not intended for blowoff purposes
tions demonstrating that the superheater will not be overpressur- (when the boiler is under pressure) a single valve is acceptable,
ized under any steam flow conditions shall be documented and otherwise two valves in series are required except as permitted
made available to the Inspector. These calculations shall be cer- by PG−58.3.6.
tified by a Professional Engineer experienced in the mechanical PG−58.3.8 Welded piping in PG−58.3.1, PG−58.3.2,
design of power plants. PG−58.3.3, PG−58.3.4, PG−58.3.5, PG−58.3.6, and PG−58.3.7
(d) There is no valve on the discharge side of the superheater. is also subject to the requirements of PG−104 for proper Code
certification.
(e) Section I jurisdiction shall include the pressure parts
between the superheater inlet and the outlet at:
(1) the first circumferential joint for welding end connec-
tions; or
(2) the face of the first flange in bolted flange connections;
or
(3) the first threaded joint in that type of connection.
PG−58.3.2 When two or more boilers are connected to a
common steam header, or when a single boiler is connected to
a header having another steam source (e.g., a turbine extraction
line), the connection from each boiler having a manhole opening
shall be fitted with two stop valves having an ample free−blow
drain between them. The boiler external piping includes all pip-
ing from the boiler proper up to and including the second stop
valve and the free−blow drain valve.
PG−58.3.3 The feedwater piping for all boilers, except high−
temperature water boilers and forced−flow steam generators
complying with PG−58.3.5, shall extend through the required
stop valve and up to and including the check valve except as
required by PG−58.3.4. On a single boiler−turbine unit installa-
PG−59 APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PG−59.3.3 Each boiler except forced−flow steam generators
BOILER PROPER with no fixed steam and waterline and high−temperature water
boilers shall have a bottom blowoff outlet in direct connection
PG−59.1 Common to Steam, Feedwater, Blowoff, and with the lowest water space practicable for external piping con-
Drain Systems forming to PG−58.3.6.
PG−59.1.1 Outlets of a boiler to which piping is to be PG−59.3.4 All waterwalls and water screens that do not
attached for any purpose, and which piping comes within the drain back into the boiler, and all integral economizers, shall be
Code requirements, shall meet the requirements of PG−39 and equipped with outlet connections for a blowoff or drain line and
shall be: conform to the requirements of PG−58.3.6 or PG−58.3.7.
PG−59.1.1.1 A tapped opening. PG−59.3.5 Except as permitted for miniature boilers in Part
PG−59.1.1.2 Bolted flanged joints including those of the Van PMB, the minimum size of blowoff connections shall be NPS 1
Stone type. (DN 25), and the maximum size shall be NPS 2 ½ (DN 65),
PG−59.1.1.3 Welding ends of the butt or socket welding except that for boilers with 100 ft2 (9.3 m2) of heating surface
type. or less, the minimum size of blowoff connections may be NPS
¾ (DN 20).
PG−59.1.1.4 Piping within the boiler proper may be
PG−59.3.6 Condensate return connections of the same size
expanded into grooved holes, seal welded if desired. Blowoff
or larger than the size herein specified may be used, and the
piping of firetube boilers shall be attached by threading into a
blowoff may be connected to them. In such case the blowoff
tapped opening with a threaded fitting or valve at the other end
shall be so located that the connection may be completely
if exposed to products of combustion, or by PG−59.1.1.1 or
drained.
PG−59.1.1.2 if not so exposed (see PFT−49).
PG−59.3.7 A bottom blowoff pipe when exposed to direct
PG−59.1.2 Steam Mains. Provisions shall be made for the furnace heat shall be protected by firebrick or other heat resist-
expansion and contraction of steam mains connected to boilers, ing material that is so arranged that the pipe may be inspected.
by providing substantial anchorage at suitable points, so that
there shall be no undue strain transmitted to the boiler. Steam PG−59.3.8 An opening in the boiler setting for a blowoff
reservoirs shall be used on steam mains when heavy pulsations pipe shall be arranged to provide free expansion and contraction.
of the steam currents cause vibration of the boiler shell plates. PG−59.4 Requirements for Drains
PG−59.1.3 Figure PG−59.1 illustrates a typical form of con- PG−59.4.1 Ample drain connections shall be provided
nection for use on boiler shells for passing through piping such where required to permit complete drainage of all piping, super-
as feed, surface blowoff connections, etc., and which permits the heaters, waterwalls, water screens, integral economizers, high−
pipes’ being threaded in solid from both sides in addition to the temperature water boilers, and all other boiler components in
reinforcing of the opening of the shell. The pipes shall be which water may collect. Piping shall conform to the require-
attached as provided in PG−59.1.1. In these and other types of ments of PG−58.3.6 or PG−58.3.7.
boilers where both internal and external pipes making a continu- PG−59.4.1.1 Each superheater shall be equipped with at
ous passage are employed, the boiler bushing or its equivalent least one drain connection so located as to most effectively pro-
shall be used. vide for the proper operation of the apparatus.
PG−59.2 Requirements for Feedwater Connections. The PG−59.4.1.2 Each high−temperature water boiler shall have
feedwater shall be introduced into a boiler in such a manner that a bottom drain connection of at least NPS 1 (DN 25) in direct
the water will not be discharged directly against surfaces connection with the lowest water space practical for external
exposed to gases of high temperature or to direct radiation from piping conforming to PG−58.3.7.
the fire. For pressures of 400 psi (3 MPa) or over, the feedwater PG−59.5 Requirements for Valves and Fittings. The fol-
inlet through the drum shall be fitted with shields, sleeves, or lowing requirements apply to the use of valves and fittings in the
other suitable means to reduce the effects of temperature differ- boiler proper.
entials in the shell or head. Feedwater, other than condensate PG−59.5.1 Steam Stop Valves
returns as provided for in PG−59.3.6, shall not be introduced
PG−59.5.1.1 If a shutoff valve is used between the boiler and
through the blowoff.
its superheater, the safety valve capacity on the boiler shall com-
PG−59.3 Requirements for Blowoffs ply with the requirements of PG−67.2 and PG−70, except as pro-
PG−59.3.1 A blowoff as required herein is defined as a pipe vided for in PG−59.5.1.2, no credit being taken for the safety
connection provided with valves located in the external piping valve on the superheater, and the superheater must be equipped
through which the water in the boiler may be blown out under with safety valve capacity as required by PG−68. A stop valve
pressure, excepting drains such as are used on water columns, is not required at the inlet or the outlet of a reheater or separately
gage glasses, or piping to feedwater regulators, etc., used for the fired superheater.
purpose of determining the operating condition of such equip- PG−59.5.1.2 When stop valves are installed in the water−
ment. Piping connections used primarily for continuous opera- steam flow path between any two sections of a forced–flow
tion, such as deconcentrators on continuous blowdown systems, steam generator with no fixed steam and waterline, the safety
are not classed as blowoffs but the pipe connections and all fit- valves shall satisfy the requirements of PG−67.4.4.
tings up to and including the first shutoff valve shall be equal at
DESIGN AND APPLICATION
least to the pressure requirements for the lowest set pressure of
any safety valve on the boiler drum and with the corresponding PG−60 REQUIREMENTS FOR MISCELLANEOUS
saturated−steam temperature. PIPE, VALVES, AND FITTINGS
PG−59.3.2 A surface blowoff connection shall not exceed Piping referred to in this paragraph shall be designed in
NPS 2 ½ (DN 65), and the internal pipe and the terminal connec- accordance with the applicable requirements of ASME B31.1.
tion for the external pipe, when used, shall form a continuous PG−60.1 Water Level Indicators. All boilers having a
passage, but with clearance between their ends and arranged so fixed water level (steam and water interface) shall have at least
that the removal of either will not disturb the other. A properly one gage glass (a transparent device that permits visual deter-
designed steel bushing, similar to or the equivalent of those mination of the water level). Boilers not having a fixed water
shown in Fig. PG−59.1, or a flanged connection shall be used. level, such as forced−flow steam generators and high−tempera-
ture water boilers of the forced circulation type, are not required PG−60.3 Connections.
to have a gage glass. The lowest visible water level in a gage PG−60.3.1 Gage glasses that are required by PG−60.1 shall
glass shall be at least 2 in. (50 mm) above the lowest permissible be connected directly to the shell or drum of the boiler or to an
water level, as determined by the boiler Manufacturer. Elec- intervening water column. When two gage glasses are required,
trode−type electric boilers are required to have only one gage both may be connected to a single water column.
glass, regardless of MAWP.
PG−60.3.2 The lower edge of the steam connection between
Gage glasses having multiple tubular sections shall have a a water column or gage glass in the boiler shall not be below the
minimum of 1 in. (25 mm) overlap of the sections in which the highest visible water level in the gage glass. There shall be no
water level may be visible. Segmented gage glasses, such as sag or offset in the piping that will permit the accumulation of
ported or end−connected strip gages, shall be equipped to pro- water.
vide obvious visual discrimination between water and vapor in
the individual sections. PG−60.3.3 The upper edge of the water connection between
a water column or gage glass and the boiler shall not be above
PG−60.1.1 Boilers having a maximum allowable working the lowest visible water level in the gage glass. No part of this
pressure exceeding 400 psi (3 MPa) shall have two gage glasses. pipe connection shall be above the point of connection at the
Instead of one of the two required gage glasses, two independent water column.
remote water level indicators (two discrete systems that continu-
PG−60.3.4 Connections from the boiler to the water column
ously measure, transmit, and display water level) may be pro-
shall be at least NPS 1 (DN 25). Connections for gage glasses
vided.
connected directly to the boiler or to an intervening water col-
PG−60.1.1.1 When the water level in at least one gage glass umn shall be at least NPS ½ (DN 15). Connections from the
is not readily visible to the operator in the area where control boiler to the remote level indicator shall be at least NPS ¾ (DN
actions are initiated, either a fiber optic cable (with no electrical 20) to and including the isolation valve and from there to the
modification of the optical signal) or mirrors shall be provided remote level indicator at least ½ in. (13 mm) O.D. tubing.
to transfer the optical image of the water level to the control area. PG−60.3.5 When the boiler MAWP exceeds 400 psi (3
Alternatively, any combination of two of the following shall be MPa), lower connections to drums for water columns and
provided: remote level indicators shall be provided with shields, sleeves,
(a) an independent remote water level indicator or other suitable means to reduce the effect of temperature dif-
(b) an independent continuous transmission and display of ferentials in the shells or heads.
an image of the water level in a gage glass. PG−60.3.6 The steam and water connections to a water col-
PG−60.1.1.2 When two independent remote water level umn or a gage glass shall be readily accessible for internal
indicators are in reliable operation (continuously indicating inspection and cleaning. Some acceptable methods of meeting
water level), the one required gage glass may be shut off, but this requirement are by providing a cross or fitting with a back
shall be maintained in the serviceable condition. outlet at each right−angle turn to permit inspection and cleaning
in both directions, or by using pipe bends or fittings of a type that
PG−60.1.1.3 The display of a remote water level indicator does not leave an internal shoulder or pocket in the pipe connec-
shall have a clearly marked minimum water level reference at tion and with a radius of curvature that will permit the passage
least 2 in. (50 mm) above the lowest permissible water level, as of a rotary cleaner. Screwed plug closures using threaded con-
determined by the Manufacturer. nections as allowed by PG−39.5.3 are acceptable means of
PG−60.1.6 Each gage glass shall be fitted with a drain cock access for this inspection and cleaning. When the boiler MAWP
or valve having an unrestricted drain opening of not less than ¼ exceeds 400 psig (3 MPa), socket−welded plugs may be used for
in. (6 mm) diameter to facilitate cleaning. When the boiler this purpose in lieu of screwed plugs. If the water connection to
MAWP exceeds 100 psi (700 kPa), the gage glass shall be fur- the water column has a rising bend or pocket that cannot be
nished with a connection to install a valved drain to a point of drained by means of the water−column drain, an additional drain
safe discharge. shall be placed on this connection so that it may be blown off to
Each gage glass shall be equipped with a top and a bottom clear any sediment from the pipe.
shutoff valve of such through−flow construction as to prevent
stoppage by deposits of sediments. If the bottom valve is more
than 7 ft (2 m) above the floor or platform from which it is oper-
ated, the operating mechanism shall indicate by its position
whether the valve is open or closed. The pressure—temperature
rating of valves, fittings, and piping shall be at least equal to the
boiler MAWP and the corresponding saturated−steam tempera-
ture.
Straight−run globe valves shall not be used on such connec-
tions. Automatic shutoff valves, if permitted to be used, shall
conform to the requirements given in A−18.
PG−60.2 Water Columns
PG−60.2.1 A water column shall be so mounted that it will
be correctly positioned, relative to the normal water level under
operating conditions.
PG−60.2.3 Each water column shall be furnished with a con-
nection of at least NPS ¾ (DN 20) to install a valved drain to a
safe point of discharge. PG−60.3.7 Shutoff valves, if provided in the pipe connec-
PG−60.2.4 The design and material of a water column shall tions between a boiler and a water column or between a boiler
comply with the requirements of PG−8.2, PG−8.3, and PG−42. and the shutoff valves required for the gage glass (PG−60.1.6),
shall be of such through−flow construction as to prevent stop- PG−60.6 Pressure Gages

page by deposits of sediment and shall indicate whether they are PG−60.6.1 Each boiler shall have a pressure gage so located
in open or closed position of the operating mechanism. that it is easily readable. The pressure gage shall be installed so
Some examples of acceptable valves are: that it shall at all times indicate the pressure in the boiler. Each
(a) outside−screw−and−yoke type gate valve steam boiler shall have the pressure gage connected to the steam
space or to the water column or its steam connection. A valve
(b) lever−lifting−type gate valve with permanently fastened or cock shall be placed in the gage connection adjacent to the
lever gage. An additional valve or cock may be located near the boiler
(c) stopcock with the plug held in place by a guard or gland providing it is locked or sealed in the open position. No other
(d) ball valve shutoff valves shall be located between the gage and the boiler.
The pipe connection shall be of ample size and arranged so that
Such valves shall be locked or sealed open except under the it may be cleared by blowing out. For a steam boiler the gage
following additional conditions: or connection shall contain a syphon or equivalent device that
(1) The boiler MAWP shall not exceed 250 psig (1.7 MPa). will develop and maintain a water seal that will prevent steam
(2) The boiler shall not be hand fired or fired with solid fuel from entering the gage tube. Pressure gage connections shall be
not in suspension. suitable for the maximum allowable working pressure and tem-
perature, but if the temperature exceeds 406_F (208_C), brass
(3) Interlocks between the valve and the burner control sys- or copper pipe or tubing shall not be used. The connections to
tem shall stop fuel supply and prevent firing whenever the valve the boiler, except the syphon, if used, shall not be less than NPS
between the drum and the water column is not in the fully open ¼ (DN 8) but where steel or wrought iron pipe or tubing is used,
position. they shall not be less than ½ in. (13 mm) inside diameter. The
(4) The minimum valve size shall be NPS 1 (DN 25). minimum size of a syphon, if used, shall be ¼ in. (6 mm) inside
PG−60.3.8 Except for control devices such as damper regu- diameter. The dial of the pressure gage shall be graduated to
lators and feedwater regulators, drains, steam pressure gages, or approximately double the pressure at which the safety valve is
apparatus of such form as does not permit the escape of an appre- set, but in no case to less than 1 ½ times this pressure.
ciable amount of steam or water therefrom, no outlet connec- PG−60.6.2 Each forced−flow steam generator with no fixed
tions shall be placed on the piping connecting a water column or steam and waterline shall be equipped with pressure gages or
gage glass to a boiler. No outlet connections shall be placed on other pressure measuring devices located as follows:
the piping connecting a remote level indicator to the boiler or to PG−60.6.2.1 At the boiler or superheater outlet (following
a water column for any function other than water level indica- the last section which involves absorption of heat), and
tion.
PG−60.6.2.2 At the boiler or economizer inlet (preceding
PG−60.3.9 An acceptable arrangement is shown in Fig. any section that involves absorption of heat), and
PG−60.3.9
PG−60.6.2.3 Upstream of any shutoff valve that may be used
between any two sections of the heat absorbing surface.
PG−60.6.3 Each boiler shall be provided with a valve con-
nection at least NPS ¼ (DN 8) for the exclusive purpose of
attaching a test gage when the boiler is in service, so that the
accuracy of the boiler pressure gage can be ascertained.
PG−60.6.4 Each high−temperature water boiler shall have a
temperature gage so located and connected that it shall be easily
readable. The temperature gage shall be installed so that it at all
times indicates the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit (Celsius)
of the water in the boiler, at or near the outlet connection.
PG−61 FEEDWATER SUPPLY

PG−61.1 Except as provided for in PG−61.2 and PG−61.4,
boilers having more than 500 ft2 (47 m2) of water−heating sur-
face shall have at least two means of feeding water. Except as
provided for in PG−61.3, PG−61.4, and PG−61.5, each source of
feeding shall be capable of supplying water to the boiler at a
pressure of 3% higher than the highest setting of any safety valve
on the boiler. For boilers that are fired with solid fuel not in sus-
pension, and for boilers whose setting or heat source can con-
tinue to supply sufficient heat to cause damage to the boiler if the
feed supply is interrupted, one such means of feeding shall not
be susceptible to the same interruption as the other, and each
shall provide sufficient water to prevent damage to the boiler.
PG−61.2 Except as provided for in PG−61.1, a boiler fired
by gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel in suspension, or heated by com-
PG−60.4 Gage Cocks. Not required. bustion turbine engine exhaust, may be equipped with a single
PG−60.5 Water Fronts. Each boiler fitted with a water jack- means of feeding water, provided means are furnished for the
eted boiler−furnace mouth protector, or similar appliance hav- shutting off of its heat input prior to the water level reaching the
ing valves on the pipes connecting them to the boiler shall have lowest permissible level established by PG−60.
these valves locked or sealed open. Such valves, when used, PG−61.3 For boilers having a water−heating surface of not
shall be of the straightway type. more than 100 ft2 (9.3 m2) the feed connection to the boiler shall
not be smaller than NPS ½ (DN 15). For boilers having a water− PG−67.2.5 The minimum required relieving capacity for
heating surface more than 100 ft2 (9.3 m2) the feed connection organic fluid vaporizers shall be in accordance with PVG−12.
to the boiler shall not be less than NPS ¾ (DN 20). The minimum required relieving capacity for miniature boilers
PG−61.4 High−temperature water boilers shall be provided shall be in accordance with PMB−15.
with means of adding water to the boiler or system while under PG−67.2.6 Any economizer that may be shut off from the
pressure. boiler, thereby permitting the economizer to become a fired
PG−61.5 A forced−flow steam generator with no fixed steam pressure vessel, shall have one or more pressure relief valves
and waterline shall be provided with a source of feeding capable with a total discharge capacity, in lb/hr (kg/hr), calculated from
of supplying water to the boiler at a pressure not less than the the maximum expected heat absorption in Btu/hr (W), as deter-
expected maximum sustained pressure at the boiler inlet, as mined by the Manufacturer, divided by 1,000 (646). This
determined by the boiler Manufacturer, corresponding to opera- absorption s shall be stated in the stamping (PG−106.4). For
tion at maximum designed steaming capacity with maximum overpressure conditions where the fluid relieved is water, the
allowable working pressure at the superheater outlet. discharge capacity of the pressure relief valve, or valves shall be
sufficient to prevent the pressure from exceeding the limits of
OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS PG−67.2.
PG−67 BOILER PG−67.2.7 The steam generated when all pressure relief
PG−67.1 Each boiler shall have at least one pressure relief valves are relieving at full lift on a boiler that has a steam−gener-
valve and if it has more than 500 ft2 (47 m2) of bare tube water− ating surface located downstream in the gas stream of a super-
heating surface, or if an electric boiler has a power input more heater and/or reheater surface may exceed the maximum
than 1,100 kW, it shall have two or more pressure relief valves. designed steaming capacity at the MA WP of the boiler. The
For a boiler with combined bare tube and extended water−heat- Manufacturer shall address this by one of the following meth-
ing surface exceeding 500 ft2 (47 m2), two or more pressure ods:
relief valves are required only if the design steam generating PG−67.2.7.1 The minimum required relieving capacity of
capacity of the boiler exceeds 4,000 lb/hr (1 800 kg/hr). Organic the pressure relief valves shall not be less than the steam that
fluid vaporizer generators require special consideration as given may be generated with all pressure relief valves relieving at full
in Part PVG. lift. For boilers that use auxiliary firing in combination with the
PG−67.2 The pressure relief valve capacity for each boiler primary heat source, the Manufacturer shall include the effect of
(except as noted in PG−67.4) shall be such that the pressure such firing in the total required capacity.
relief valve, or valves will discharge all the steam that can be PG−67.2.7.2 The minimum required relieving capacity of
generated by the boiler without allowing the pressure to rise the pressure relief valves shall not be less than the maximum
more than 6% above the highest pressure at which any valve is designed steaming capacity at the MAWP of the boiler, and the
set and in no case to more than 6% above the maximum allow- boiler shall be provided with controls responsive to steam pres-
able working pressure. sure, which include not less than the following:
PG−67.2.1 The minimum required relieving capacity of the (a) a control that reduces that total heat input to the boiler
pressure relief valves for all types of boilers shall be not less than such that the steam generated does not exceed the maximum
the maximum designed steaming capacity at the MAWP of the designed steaming capacity at the MAWP of the boiler
boiler, as determined by the Manufacturer and shall be based on (b) a control that trips the heat input to the boiler if the pres-
the capacity of all the fuel burning equipment as limited by other sure reaches 106% of the MAWP of the boiler.
boiler functions. PG−67.3 One or more pressure relief valves on the boiler
PG−67.2.2 The minimum required relieving capacity for a proper shall be set at or below the maximum allowable working
waste heat boiler shall be determined by the Manufacturer. pressure (except as noted in PG−67.4). If additional valves are
When auxiliary firing is to be used in combination with waste used the highest pressure setting shall not exceed the maximum
heat recovery, the maximum output as determined by the boiler allowable working pressure by more than 3%. The complete
Manufacturer shall include the effect of such firing in the total range of pressure settings of all the saturated−steam pressure
required capacity. When auxiliary firing is’ to be used in place relief valves on a boiler shall not exceed 10% of the highest
of waste heat recovery, the minimum required relieving capacity pressure to which any valve is set. Pressure setting of pressure
shall be based on auxiliary firing or waste heat recovery, which- relief valves on high−temperature water boilers8 may exceed
ever is higher. this 10% range. Economizer pressure relief devices required by
PG−67.2.3 The minimum required relieving capacity for PG−67.2.6 shall be set as above using the MAWP of the econo-
electric boilers shall be in accordance with PEB−15. mizer.
PG−67.2.4 The minimum required relieving capacity in lb/ 8 Pressure relief valves in hot water service are more susceptible to damage and
hr (kg/hr) for a high−temperature water boiler shall be deter- subsequent leakage, than pressure relief valves relieving steam. It is recom-
mined by dividing the maximum output in Btu/hr (W) at the mended that the maximum allowable working pressure of the boiler and the pres-
sure relief valve setting for high−temperature water boilers be selected substan-
boiler nozzle, produced by the highest heating value fuel for tially higher than the desired operating pressure so as to minimize the times the
which the boiler is designed, by 1,000 (646). pressure relief valve must lift.
PG−67.4 For a forced−flow steam generator with no fixed PG−67.4.3.1 The boiler shall be of no less steaming capacity
steam and waterline (Fig. PG−6704), equipped with automatic than 1,000,000 lb/hr (450 000 kg/hr) and installed in a unit sys-
controls and protective interlocks responsive to steam pressure, tem for power generation (i.e., a single boiler supplying a single
pressure relief valves may be provided in accordance with the turbine−generator unit).
above paragraphs or the following protection against overpres- PG−67.4.3.2 The boiler shall be provided with automatic
sure shall be provided:
devices, responsive to variations in steam pressure, which
PG−67.4.1 One or more power−actuated pressure relieving include not less than all the following:
valves9 shall be provided in direct communication with the
PG−67.4.3.2.1 A control capable of maintaining steam pres-
boiler when the boiler is under pressure and shall receive a con-
trol impulse to open when the maximum allowable working sure at the desired operating level and of modulating firing rates
pressure at the superheater outlet, as shown in the master stamp- and feedwater flow in proportion to a variable steam output.
ing (PG−106.3), is exceeded. The total combined relieving PG−67.4.3.2.2 A control that overrides PG−67.4.3.2.1 by
capacity of the power−actuated relieving valves shall be not less reducing the fuel rate and feedwater flow when the steam pres-
than 10% of the maximum design steaming capacity of the sure exceeds the maximum allowable working pressure as
boiler under any operating condition as determined by the Man- shown in the master stamping (PG−106.3) by 10%; and
ufacturer. The valve or valves shall be located in the pressure PG−67.4.3.2.3 A direct−acting overpressure−trip−actuating
part system where they will relieve the overpressure. mechanism, using an independent pressure sensing device, that
9 The power−actuated pressure relieving valve is one whose movements to open will stop the flow of fuel and feedwater to the boiler, at a pressure
or close are fully controlled by a source of power (electricity, air, steam, or higher than the set pressure of PG−67.4.3.2.2, but less than 20%
hydraulic). The valve may discharge to atmosphere or to a container at lower
pressure. The discharge capacity may be affected by the downstream conditions,
above the maximum allowable working pressure as shown in the
and such effects shall be taken into account. If the power−actuated pressure master stamping (PG−106.3).
relieving valves are also positioned in response to other control signals, the con-
trol impulse to prevent overpressure shall be responsive only to pressure and
PG−67.4.3.3 There shall be not less than two pressure relief
shall override any other control function. valves and the total rated relieving capacity of the pressure relief
An isolating stop valve of the outside−screw−and−yoke or valves shall be not less than 10% of the maximum designed
ball type may be installed between the power−actuated pressure steaming capacity of the boiler as determined by the Manufac-
relieving valve and the boiler to permit repairs provided an alter- turer. These pressure relief valves may be set above the maxi-
nate power−actuated pressure relieving valve of the same capac- mum allowable working pressure of the parts to which they are
ity is so installed as to be in direct communication with the boiler connected but shall be set such that the valves will lift at a pres-
in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph. sure no higher than 20% above the maximum allowable working
pressure as shown in the master stamping (PG−106.3).
The isolating stop valve port area shall at least equal the area
of the inlet of the power−actuated pressure relieving valve. If the PG−67.4.3.4 At least two of these pressure relief valves shall
isolating stop valve is of the ball type, the valve shall include a be equipped with a device that directly transmits the valve stem
means to clearly identify whether the valve is in the open or lift action to controls that will stop the flow of fuel and feedwater
closed position. If the isolating stop valve is power actuated (air, to the boiler. The control circuitry to accomplish this shall be
motor, hydraulic, etc.), a manual override mechanism shall be arranged in a ”fail−safe” manner (see Note).
provided. NOTES: “Fail−safe” shall mean a circuitry arranged as either of the fol-
Power−actuated pressure relieving valves discharging to lowing:
intermediate pressure and incorporated into bypass and/or (a) Energize to trip: There shall be at least two separate and independent
startup circuits by the boiler Manufacturer need not be capacity trip circuits served by two power sources, to initiate and perform the trip
certified. Instead, they shall be marked by the valve manufac- action. One power source shall be a continuously charged DC battery. The
turer with a capacity rating at a set of specified inlet pressure and second source shall be an AC−to−DC converter connected to the DC system
temperature conditions. Power−actuated pressure relieving to charge the battery and capable of performing the trip action. The trip cir-
valves discharging directly to atmosphere shall be capacity cer- cuits shall be continuously monitored for availability.
tified. This capacity certification shall be conducted in accord-
It is not mandatory to duplicate the mechanism that actually stops the flow
ance with the provisions of PG−69.3. The valves shall be
marked in accordance with the provisions of PG−69.4. of fuel and feedwater.
PG−67.4.2 Pressure relief valves shall be provided, having (b) De−energize to trip: If the circuits are arranged in such a way that a
a total combined relieving capacity, including that of the power− continuous supply of power is required to keep the circuits closed and operat-
actuated pressure relieving capacity installed under PG−67.4.l, ing and such that any interruption of power supply will actuate the trip mecha-
of not less than 100% of the maximum designed steaming capac- nism, then a single trip circuit and single power supply will be enough to meet
ity of the boiler, as determined by the Manufacturer, except the the requirements of this subparagraph.
alternate provisions of PG−67.4.3 are satisfied. In this total, no PG−67.4.3.5 The power supply for all controls and devices
credit in excess of 30% of the total required relieving capacity required by PG−67.4.3 shall include at least one source con-
shall be allowed for the power−actuated pressure relieving tained within the same plant as the boiler and which is arranged
valves actually installed. Any or all of the pressure relief valves to actuate the controls and devices continuously in the event of
may be set above the maximum allowable working pressure of failure or interruption of any other power sources.
the parts to which they are connected, but the set pressures shall
be such that when all of these valves (together with the power− PG−67.4.4 When stop valves are installed in the water−
actuated pressure relieving valves)are in operation the pressure steam flow path between any two sections of a forced−flow
will not rise more than 20% above the maximum allowable steam generator with no fixed steam and waterline:
working pressure of any part of the boiler, except for the steam PG−67.4.4.1 The power−actuated pressure relieving
piping between the boiler and the prime mover. valve(s) required by PG−67.4.1 shall also receive a control
PG−67.4.3 The total installed capacity of spring loaded impulse to open when the maximum allowable working pres-
safety valves may be less than the requirements of PG−67.4.2 sure of the component, having the lowest pressure upstream to
provided all of the following conditions are met. the stop valve, is exceeded; and
PG−67.4.4.2 The pressure relief valves shall be located to pressure vessel and all nonintegral separately fired superheaters
provide the pressure protection requirements in PG−67.4.2 or shall have one or more pressure relief valves having a discharge
PG−67.4.3. capacity equal to 6 lb/ft2 (29 kg/m2) of steam per hour, using the
PG−67.4.5 A reliable pressure−recording device shall superheater surface measured on the side exposed to the hot
always be in service and records kept to provide evidence of con- gases. As an alternative the Manufacturer may also calculate the
formity to the above requirements. minimum pressure relief valve discharge capacity in lb (kg) of
PG−67.5 The coefficient of discharge of pressure relief steam per hour from the maximum expected heat absorption (as
valves shall be determined by actual steam flow measurements determined by the Manufacturer) in Btu/hr (W), divided by
at a pressure not more than 3% above the pressure at which the 1,000 (646). In the case of electrically heated superheaters, the
valve is set to relieve and when adjusted for blowdown in accor- pressure relief valve capacity shall be based upon 3 ½ lb (1.6
dance with PG−69.1.4. The valves shall be credited with capaci- kg)/hr/kW input. The number of pressure relief valves installed
ties as determined by the provisions of PG−69.2. shall be such that the total capacity is at least equal to that
required. Pressure relief valves for separately fired superheaters
Pressure relief valves may be used that give any opening up shall be located in accordance with the rules of PG−68.1 and the
to the full discharge capacity of the area of the opening of the mounting rules of PG−71.
inlet of the valve, provided the movement of a steam pressure
relief valve is such as not to induce lifting of water in the boiler. PG−68.4 Every reheater shall have one or more pressure
relief valves, such that the total relieving capacity is at least
For high−temperature water boilers pressure relief valves equal to the maximum steam flow for which the heater is
shall be used. Such valves shall have a closed bonnet. In addi- designed. The capacity of the reheater pressure relief valves
tion the pressure relief valves shall be capable of satisfactory shall not be included in the required relieving capacity for the
operation when relieving water at the saturation temperature boiler and superheater.
corresponding to the pressure at which the valve is set to blow.
One or more pressure relief valves with a combined relieving
PG−68 SUPERHEATER AND REHEATER capacity not less than 15% of the required total shall be located
PG−68.1 Except as permitted in PG−58.3.1, every attached along the steam flow path between the reheater outlet and the
superheater shall have one or more pressure relief valves in the first stop valve. The pressure drop upstream of the pressure
steam flow path between the superheater outlet and the first stop relief valves on the outlet side of the reheater shall be considered
valve. The location shall be suitable for the service intended and in determining their set pressure.
shall provide the overpressure protection required. The pressure PG−68.5 A soot blower connection may be attached to the
drop upstream of each pressure relief valve shall be considered
same outlet from the superheater or reheater that is used for the
in the determination of set pressure and relieving capacity of that
pressure relief valve connection.
valve. If the superheater outlet header has a full, free steam pas-
sage from end to end and is so constructed that steam is supplied PG−68.6 Every pressure relief valve used on a superheater
to it at practically equal intervals throughout its length so that or reheater discharging superheated steam at a temperature over
there is a uniform flow of steam through the superheater tubes 450_F (230°C) shall have a casing, including the base, body,
and the header, the pressure relief valve, or valves, may be and, if applicable, bonnet and spindle, of steel, steel alloy, or
located anywhere in the length of the header. equivalent heat−resisting material.
PG−68.2 The discharge capacity of the pressure relief valve, The pressure relief valve shall have a flanged inlet connec-
or valves, on an attached superheater may be included in deter- tion, or a weld−end inlet connection. It shall have the seat and
mining the number and size of the pressure relief valves for the disk of suitable heat erosive and corrosive resisting material, and
boiler, provided there are no intervening valves between the the spring of direct spring−loaded safety valves shall be fully
superheater pressure relief valve and the boiler, and provided the exposed outside of the valve casing so that it shall be protected
discharge capacity of the pressure relief valve, or valves, on the from contact with the escaping steam.
boiler, as distinct from the superheater is at least 75% of the PG−68.7 The capacity of a pressure relief valve on super-
aggregate valve capacity required. heated steam shall be calculated by multiplying the capacity
PG−68.3 Every isolable superheater that may be shut off determined in accordance with PG−69.2 by the appropriate
from the boiler and permit the superheater to become a fired superheat correction factor Ksh , from Table PG−68.7.
PG−69 CERTIFICATION OF CAPACITY OF valves used on high−temperature water boilers shall be adjusted
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES so that the blow down does not exceed 10% of the set pressure.
The res eating pressure shall be noted and recorded.
PG−69.1 Before the Code symbol is applied td any pressure
PG−69.1.5 Capacity certification of pilot operated pressure
relief valve or power−actuated pressure relieving valve, the
relief valves may be based on tests without the pilot valves
valve manufacturer shall have the relieving capacity of his pres-
installed, provided prior to capacity tests it has been demon-
sure relief valves certified in accordance with the provisions of
strated by test to the satisfaction of the Authorized Observer that
this paragraph.
the pilot valve will cause the main valve to open fully at a pres-
PG−69.1.1 Capacity certification tests shall be conducted sure which does not exceed the set pressure by more than 3% or
using dry saturated steam. The limits for test purposes shall be 2 psi (15 kPa), whichever is greater, and that the pilot valve in
98% minimum quality and 20°F (l0°C) maximum superheat. combination with the main valve will meet all of the require-
Correction from within these limits may be made to the dry satu- ments of this Section.
rated condition. PG−69.1.6 Pressure relief valves for economizer service
PG−69.1.2 Tests shall be conducted at a place that meets the shall also be capacity certified using water at a temperature
requirements of A−312. between 40°F and 125°F (4°C and 50°C). The pressure relief
PG−69.1.3 Capacity test data reports for each pressure relief valves shall be tested without change to the adjustments estab-
valve design and size, signed by the manufacturer and Autho- lished in PG−69.1.1 to PG−69.1.4.
rized Observer witnessing the tests, together with drawings PG−69.2 Relieving capacities shall be determined using one
showing the valve construction, shall be submitted to the ASME of the following methods.
designee for review and acceptance.10 PG−69.2.1 Three Valve Method. A capacity certification
10 Valvecapacities are published in “Pressure Relief Device Certifications.” test is required on a set of three pressure relief valves for each
This publication may be obtained from the National Board of Boiler and combination of size, design, and pressure setting. The capacity
Pressure Vessel Inspectors, 1055 Crupper Ave., Columbus, OH 43299. of each valve of the set shall fall within a range of ±5% of the
PG−69.1.4 Capacity certification tests shall be conducted at average capacity. If one of the three pressure relief valves tested
a pressure that does not exceed the set pressure by 3% or 2 psi falls outside this range, it shall be replaced by two valves, and
(15 kPa), whichever is greater. Pressure relief valves shall be a new average shall be calculated based on all four valves,
adjusted so that the blowdown does not exceed 4% of the set excluding the replaced valve. Failure of any of the four capaci-
pressure. For pressure relief valves set at or below 100 psi (700 ties to fall within a range of ±5% of the new average shall be
kPa), the blowdown shall be adjusted so as not to exceed 4 psi cause to refuse certification of that particular valve design.
(30 kPa). Pressure relief valves used on forced−flow steam gen- The rated relieving capacity for each combination of design,
erators with no fixed steam and waterline, and pressure relief size, and test pressure shall be 90% of the average capacity.
PG−69.2.2 Slope Method. If a Manufacturer wishes to If the values derived from the testing do not fall between the
apply the Code Symbol to a design of pressure relief valves, four minimum and maximum slope values, the Authorized Observer
valves of each combination of pipe size and orifice size shall be shall require that additional valves be tested at the rate of two for
tested. These four valves shall be set at pressures that cover the each valve beyond the maximum and minimum values with a
approximate range of pressures for which the valve will be used limit of four additional valves.
or covering the range available at the certified test facility that For steam applications the relieving capacity to be stamped
shall conduct the tests. The capacities based on these four tests on the valve shall not exceed 90% of the average slope times the
shall be as follows: absolute accumulation pressure
(a) The slope WIP of the actual measured capacity versus the rated slope = 0.90 x average slope
flow pressure for each test point shall be calculated and averaged For water applications the relieving capacity shall not exceed
For steam 90% of the average slope multiplied by the square root of the dif-
ference between the flow rating pressure and the valve discharge
pressure.
For water
(U.S. Customary Units)

stamped capacity ≤ rated slope (1.03 x set pressure + 14.7) or
All values derived from the testing must fall within ±5% of (set pressure + 2 psi + 14.7), whichever is greater
the average value:
(SI Units)
minimum slope = 0.95 x average slope stamped capacity ≤ rated slope (1.03 x set pressure + 0.101)
maximum slope = 1.05 x average slope or (set pressure + 0.015 MPa + 0.101), whichever is greater
PG−69.2.3 Coefficient of Discharge Method. A coefficient

of discharge for the design, K, may be established for a specific
valve design according to the following procedure:
(a) For each design, the pressure relief valve manufacturer Where actual flow is determined by test and theoretical flow,
shall submit for test at least three valves for each of three differ- WT is calculated by one of the following equations:
ent sizes (a total of nine valves). Each valve of a given size shall For tests with dry saturated steam
be set at a different pressure, covering the range of pressures for For 45 deg seat
which the valve will be used or the range available at the facility
(U.S. Customary Units)
where the tests are conducted.
WT = 51.5 x πDLP x 0.707
For each valve design where the coefficient of discharge has
been determined that is intended to be restricted in lift, the Man- (SI Units)
ufacturer shall have capacity tests conducted on three valves of WT = 5.25 x πDLP x 0.707
different sizes. Each size valve shall be tested for capacity at the For flat seat
minimum lift for which certification is required, and at two inter- (U.S. Customary Units)
mediate lift points between the full rated lift and minimum lift
certification points. Each of the three test valves shall be set at WT = 51.5 x πDLP
a different pressure. (SI Units)
For each valve tested, it shall be verified that actual measured WT = 5.25 x πDLP
capacity at restricted lift will equal or exceed the rated capacity For nozzle
at full rated lift multiplied by the ratio of measured restricted lift (U.S. Customary Units)
to full rated lift.
WT = 51.5 AP
(b) Tests shall be made on each pressure relief valve to deter-
mine its lift at capacity, popping, and blowdown pressures, and (SI Units)
actual relieving capacity. An individual coefficient, KD , shall be WT = 5.25 AP
established for each valve as follows: For tests with water
For 45 deg seat have demonstrated that the individual coefficient of discharge,
(U.S. Customary Units) KD , for valves at the extreme ends of a larger range, is within
±5% of the average coefficient, KD .
For designs where the lift is used to determine the flow area,
all valves shall have the same nominal lift to seat diameter ratio
(L/D).
(SI Units) For pressures over 1,500 psig (10.3 MPa) and up to 3,200 psig
(22.1 MPa), the value of W shall be multiplied by the correction
factor:
For flat seat (U.S. Customary Units)
(U.S. Customary Units) 0.1906P − 1,000
0.2292P − 1,061
(SI Units)
(SI Units) 27.6P − 1 000
33.2P − 1 061
For pressures over 3,200 psig (22.1 MPa), the value of W
For nozzle shall be multiplied by the appropriate supercritical correction
(U.S. Customary Units) factor, Ksc , from Table PG−69.2.3.
PG−69.3 If a manufacturer wishes to apply the Code symbol
to a power−actuated pressure relieving valve under PG−67.4.1,
(SI Units) one valve of each combination of inlet pipe size and orifice size
to be used with that inlet pipe size shall be tested. The valve shall
be capacity tested at four different pressures approximately cov-
ering the range of the certified test facility on which the tests are
where conducted. The capacities, as determined by these four tests,
A = nozzle throat area, in.2 (mm2) shall be plotted against the absolute flow test pressure and a line
D = seat diameter, in. (mm) drawn through these four test points. All points must lie within
±5% in capacity value of the plotted line and must pass through
L = lift at pressure P, in. (mm)
0−0. From the plotted line, the slope of the line dW/dP shall be
P = (1.03 X set pressure + 14.7), psia, or determined and a factor of (0.90/51.45) x (dW/dP) shall be
= (set pressure + 2 + 14.7), psia, whichever is greater applied to capacity computations in the supercritical region at
= (1.03 X set pressure + 0.101), MPa, or elevated pressures by means of the isentropic flow equation.
= (set pressure + 0.014 + 0.101), MPa, whichever is greater (U.S. Customary Units)
P d = pressure at discharge of the valve, psia (MPa)
WT = theoretical flow, lb/hr (kg/hr)
w = specific weight of water at inlet conditions, lb/ft3 (kg/m3)
To convert lb/hr of water to gal/min of water, multiply the (SI Units)
capacity in lb/hr by 1/500, To convert kg/hr of water to liter/min
of water, multiply the capacity in liter/min by 1/60.
The average of the coefficients KD of the nine tests required
shall be multiplied by 0.90, and this product shall be taken as the
coefficient K of that design. All individual coefficients of dis- where
charge, KD, shall fall within a range of ±5% of the average coeffi- dW/dP = rate of change of measured capacity with respect to
cient found. If a valve fails to meet this requirement, the Autho- absolute pressure
rized Observer shall require two additional valves to be tested as P = absolute inlet pressure, psia (MPa)
replacements for each valve having an individual coefficient, v = inlet specific volume, ft3/lb (m3/kg)
KD, outside the ±5% range, with a limit of four additional valves.
Failure of a coefficient, KD, to fall within ±5% of the new aver- W = capacity, lb of steam/hr (kg/hr)
age value, excluding the replaced valve(s), shall be cause to NOTES: The constant 1,135.8 is based on a γ factor of 1.30, which is accu-
refuse certification of that particular valve design. rate for superheated steam at temperature above approximately 800_F
(430_C). In interest of accuracy, other methods of capacity computations
The rated relieving capacity of all sizes and set pressures of must be used at temperatures below 800_F (430_C) at supercritical pressures.
a given design, for which K has been established under the provi- PG−69.4 Power−actuated pressure relieving valves, having
sion of this paragraph, shall be determined by the equation: capacities certified in accordance with the provision of PG−69.3
W ≤ WT x K and computed in accordance with the formula contained therein,
where shall be marked as required by PG−110 with the computed
capacity, corresponding to 3% above the full load operating
K = coefficient of discharge for the design
pressure and temperature conditions at the valve inlet when the
W = rated relieving capacity, lb/hr (kg/hr) valve is operated by the controller, and they shall also be
WT = theoretical flow, defined by the same equation used to stamped with the set pressure of the controller. When the valve
determine KD, lb/hr (kg/hr) is marked as required by this paragraph, it shall be the guarantee
The coefficient of discharge for the design shall be not greater by the manufacturer that the valve also conforms to the details
than 0.878 (the product of 0.9 x 0.975). The coefficient shall not of construction herein specified.
be applied to valves whose beta ratio (ratio of valve throat to PG−69.6 When changes are made in the design of a safety
inlet diameter) lies outside the range of 0.15 to 0.75, unless tests or safety relief valve in such a manner as to affect the flow path,
lift, or performance characteristics of the valve, new tests in properly vented and arranged to permit servicing and normal
accordance with this Section shall be performed. operation of the valve.
PG−70 CAPACITY OF PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES PG−71.5 When a boiler is fitted with two or more pressure
PG−70.1 Subject to the minimum number required by relief valves on one connection, this connection to the boiler
PG−67.1, the number of pressure relief valves required shall be shall have a cross−sectional area not less than the combined
determined on the basis of the maximum designed steaming areas of inlet connections of all the pressure relief valves with
capacity, as determined by the boiler Manufacturer, and the which it connects and shall also meet the requirements of
relieving capacity marked on the valves by the manufacturer. PG−71.3.
PG−71.6 Pressure relief valves may be attached to drums or
PG−71 MOUNTING OF PRESSURE RELIEF headers by welding provided the welding is done in accordance
VALVES with Code requirements.
PG−71.1 When two or more pressure relief valves are used PG−71.7 Every boiler shall have proper outlet connections
on a boiler, they may be mounted either separately or as twin for the required pressure relief valve, or valves, independent of
valves made by placing individual valves on Y−bases, or duplex any other outside steam connection,. the area of opening to be
valves having two valves in the same body casing. Twin valves at least equal to the aggregate areas of inlet connections of all of
made by placing individual valves on Y−bases, or duplex valves the pressure relief valves to be attached thereto. An internal col-
having two valves in the same body, shall be of approximately lecting pipe, splash plate, or pan may be used, provided the total
equal capacity. area for inlet of steam thereto is not less than twice the aggregate
When not more than two valves of different sizes are areas of the inlet connections of the attached pressure relief
mounted singly the relieving capacity of the smaller valve shall valves. The holes in such collecting pipes shall be at least ¼ in.
be not less than 50% of that of the larger valve. (6 mm) in diameter and the least dimension in any other form of
PG−71.2 The pressure relief valve or valves shall be con- opening for inlet of steam shall be ¼ in. (6 mm).
nected to the boiler independent of any other connection, and Such dimensional limitations to operation for steam need not
attached as close as possible to the boiler or the normal steam apply to steam scrubbers or driers provided the net free steam
flow path, without any unnecessary intervening pipe or fitting. inlet area of the scrubber or drier is at least 10 times the total area
Such intervening pipe or fitting shall be not longer than the face− of the boiler outlets for the pressure relief valves.
to−face dimension of the corresponding tee fitting of the same PG−71.8 If pressure relief valves are attached to a separate
diameter and pressure under the applicable ASME Standard steam drum or dome, the opening between the boiler proper and
listed in PG−42 and shall also comply with PG−8 and PG−39. the steam drum or dome shall be not less than required by
Every pressure relief valve shall be connected so as to stand in PG−71.7.
an upright position, with spindle vertical. On high−temperature
water boilers of the watertube forced−circulation type, the valve PG−72 OPERATION OF PRESSURE RELIEF
shall be located at the boiler outlet. VALVES
PG−71.3 The opening or connection between the boiler and PG−72.1 Pressure relief valves shall be designed and con-
the pressure relief valve shall have at least the area of the valve structed to operate without chattering, with a minimum blow-
inlet. No valve of any description shall be placed between the down of 2 psi (15 kPa) or 2% of the set pressure, whichever is
required pressure relief valve or valves and the boiler, nor on the greater, and to attain full lift at a pressure not greater than 3%
discharge pipe between the pressure relief valve and the atmo- above their set pressure.
sphere. When a discharge pipe is used, the cross−sectional area Pressure relief valves used on forced−flow steam generators
shall be not less than the full area of the valve outlet or of the total with no fixed steam and waterline, and pressure relief valves
of the areas of the valve outlets, discharging thereinto. It shall used on high−temperature water boilers must be marked for
be as short and straight as possible and so arranged as to avoid these special services by the valve Manufacturer or Assembler.
undue stresses on the valve or valves. PG−72.2 The set pressure tolerance plus or minus shall not
All pressure relief valve discharges shall be so located or exceed that specified in the following table:
piped as to be carried clear from running boards or platforms. Tolerance, Plus or
Ample provision for gravity drain shall be made in the discharge Set Pressure, psi (MPa) Minus From Set
pipe at or near each pressure relief valve, and where water of Pressure
condensation may collect. Each valve shall have an open gravity ≤ 70 (0.5) 2 psi (15 kPa)
drain through the casing below the level of the valve seat. For
iron− and steel−bodied valves exceeding NPS 2 ½ (DN 65), the > 70 (0.5) and ≤ 300 (2.1) 3% of set pressure
drain hole shall be tapped not less than NPS 3/8 (DN 10). > 300 (2.1) and ≤ 1,000 (7.0) 10 psi (70 kPa)
Discharge piping from pressure relief valves on high temper- > 1,000 (7.0) 1% of set pressure
ature water boilers shall be provided with adequate provisions PG−72.3 The spring in a pressure relief valve shall not be
for water drainage as well as the steam venting. reset for any pressure more than 5% above or below that for
The installation of cast iron bodied pressure relief valves for which the valve is marked unless the new setting is within the
high−temperature water boilers is prohibited. spring design range established by the manufacturer or is deter-
PG−71.4 If a muffler is used on a pressure relief valve, it shall mined to be acceptable to the manufacturer.
have sufficient outlet area to prevent back pressure from inter- If the set pressure is to be adjusted within the limits specified
fering with the proper operation and discharge capacity of the above, the adjustment shall be performed by the manufacturer,
valve. The muffler plates or other devices shall be so con- his authorized representative, or an assembler. An additional
structed as to avoid a possibility of restriction of the steam pas- valve data tag identifying the new set pressure, capacity, and
sages due to deposit. Mufflers shall not be used on high−temper- date shall be furnished and installed, and the valve shall be
ature water boiler pressure relief valves. resealed.
When a pressure relief valve is exposed to outdoor elements PG−72.4 If the set pressure of a valve is changed so as to
that may affect operation of the valve, it is permissible to shield require a new spring, the spring shall be acceptable to the manu-
the valve with a satisfactory cover. The shield or cover shall be facturer. The spring installation and valve adjustment shall be
performed by the manufacturer, his authorized representative, or rized representative, or an assembler at the time of the initial
an assembler. A new nameplate as described in PG−110 shall be adjustment. After spring replacement and/or subsequent adjust-
furnished and installed, and the valve shall be resealed. ment, the valve shall be resealed. Seals shall be installed in such
a manner as to prevent changing the adjustment without break-
PG−73 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR
ing the seal and, in addition, shall serve as a means of identifying
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES
the manufacturer, his authorized representative, or the assem-
PG−73.1 Permissible Pressure Relief Valves bler making the adjustment.
PG−73.1.1 Pressure relief valves shall be either direct PG−73.2.10 Valve capacity may be restricted by restricting
spring−loaded safety valves, direct spring−loaded safety relief the lift of a valve provided the following requirements are met:
valves, or pilot−operated pressure relief valves. (a) The valve size shall be NPS ¾ (DN 20) or larger.
PG−73.1.2 Power−actuated pressure relieving valves shall (b) No changes shall be made in the design of the valve
only be used for applications specified in PG−67.4.1. except to change the valve lift by use of a lift restraining device
PG−73.1.3 Deadweight or weighted lever safety valves or described in (c) below.
safety relief valves shall not be used. (c) The restriction of valve capacity shall be permitted only
PG−73.1.4 Unless otherwise defined, the definitions relating by the use of a lift restraining device which shall limit valve lift
to pressure relief devices in ASME PTC 25 shall apply. and shall not otherwise interfere with flow through the valve.
PG−73.2 Minimum Requirements The design of the lift restraining device shall be subject to review
by an ASME designee.
PG−73.2.1 All pressure relief valves shall be so constructed
that the failure of any part cannot obstruct the free and full dis- (d) The lift restraining device shall be designed so that, if
charge of steam and water from the valve. Pressure relief valves adjustable, the adjustable feature can be sealed. Seals shall be
shall have the seat inclined at any angle between 45 deg and 90 installed by the valve Manufacturer or Assembler at the time of
deg, inclusive, to the centerline of the disk. initial adjustment.
(e) Valves shall not have their lifts restricted to a value less
PG−73.2.2 The design shall incorporate guiding arrange-
than 30% of full rated lift, or 0.080 in. (2 mm).
ments necessary to insure consistent operation and tightness.
(f) When sizing and selecting valves, the restricted lift name-
PG−73.2.3 The spring shall be designed so that the full lift plate capacity shall be determined by multiplying the capacity
spring compression shall be no greater than 80% of the nominal at full rated lift by the ratio of the restricted lift to the full rated
solid deflection. The permanent set of the spring (defined as the lift.
difference between the free height and height measured 10 min
after the spring has been compressed solid three additional times PG−73.2.11 A pressure relief valve over NPS 3 (DN 80),
after presetting at room temperature) shall not exceed 0.5% of used for pressure greater than 15 psig (100 kPa), shall have a
the free height. flanged inlet connection or a welded inlet connection. The
dimensions of the flanges subjected to boiler pressure shall con-
PG−73.2.4 To provide a means for verifying whether it is form to the applicable ASME standards as given in PG−42. The
free, each safety valve or safety relief valve shall have a substan- facing shall be similar to those illustrated in the standard.
tial lifting device, which when activated will release the seating
force on the disk when the valve is subjected to pressure of at PG−73.2.12 The pilot sensing line of pilot−operated pres-
least 75% of the set pressure. The lifting device shall be such that sure relief valves shall be adequately protected from freezing.
it cannot lock or hold the valve disk in lifted position when the PG−73.3 Material Selections
exterior lifting force is released. Disks of pressure relief valves PG−73.3.1 Cast iron seats and disks are not permitted.
used on high−temperature water boilers shall not be lifted while
the temperature of the water exceeds 200°F (93°C). If it is PG−73.3.2 Adjacent sliding surfaces such as guides and
desired to lift the valve disk to assure that it is free, this shall be disks or disk holders shall both be of corrosion−resistant mate-
done when the valve is subjected to a pressure of at least 75% of rial. Springs of corrosion−resistant material or having a corro-
the set pressure. Pilot−operated pressure relief valves shall be sion−resistant coating are required. The seats and disks of pres-
provided with either a lifting device as described above or means sure relief valves shall be of suitable material to resist corrosion
for connecting and applying pressure to the pilot adequate to by the lading fluid.
verify that the moving parts critical to proper operations are free NOTES: The degree of corrosion resistance, appropriate to the intended
service, shall be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer and the pur-
to move. For high−temperature water boilers, the lifting mecha- chaser.
nism shall be sealed against leakage.
PG−73.3.3 Materials used in bodies and bonnets or yokes
PG−73.2.5 The seat of a pressure relief valve shall be fas- shall be listed in Section II, Parts A and B, and identified in
tened to the body of the valve in such a way that there is no possi- Tables 1A and 1B of Section II Part D, as permitted for Section
bility of the seat lifting. I construction. Materials used in body to bonnet or body to yoke
PG−73.2.6 A body drain below seat level shall be provided bolting shall be listed in ASME B16.34. Materials used in all
in the valve and this drain shall not be plugged during or after other parts required for the pressure relieving or retaining func-
field installation. For valves exceeding NPS 2 ½ (DN 65), the tion shall be
drain hole or holes shall be tapped not less than NPS 3/8 (DN (a) listed in ASME Section II
10). For valves of NPS 2 ½ (DN 65) or smaller, the drain hole (b) listed in ASTM Specifications (see Note below) or
shall not be less than ¼ in. (6 mm) in diameter.
(c) controlled by the manufacturer of the pressure relief valve
PG−73.2.7 In the design of the body of the valve, consider- by a specification ensuring control of chemical and physical
ation shall be given to minimizing the effects of water deposits. properties and quality at least equivalent to ASTM Standards
PG−73.2.8 Valves having screwed inlet or outlet connec- (see Note below)
tions shall be provided with wrenching surfaces to allow for nor- PG−73.3.4 Pressure relief valves may have bronze parts
mal installation without damaging operating parts. complying with either SB−61, SB−62 or SB−148, provided the
PG−73.2.9 Means shall be provided in the design of all maximum allowable stresses and temperatures do not exceed
valves for use under this Section, for sealing all external adjust- the values given in Table 1B of Section II, Part D, and shall be
ments. Seals shall be installed by the manufacturer, his autho- marked to indicate the class of material used. Such valves shall
not be used on superheaters delivering steam at a temperature (1) both Assemblers have been granted permission to apply
over 450°F (230°C) for SB−61 and SB−148, and 306°F (I50°C) the V or UV Code Symbol to the specific valve type in which the
for SB−62, and shall not be used for high−temperature water parts are to be used
boilers. (2) the Quality Control System of the Assembler receiving
NOTES: It shall be the manufacturer’s responsibility to ensure that the the pressure relief valve parts shall define the controls for the
allowable stresses at temperature meet the requirements of Section II, Part D, procurement and acceptance of those parts
Appendix 1, Mandatory Basis for Establishing Stress Values in Tables 1A and
1B. (3) the pressure relief valve parts are appropriately packaged,
PG−73.4 Inspection of Manufacturing and/or Assembly marked, or sealed by the Manufacturer to ensure that the parts
are
PG−73.4.1 A manufacturer shall demonstrate to the satisfac-
tion of an ASME designee that his manufacturing, production, (a) produced, by the Manufacturer
and test facilities and quality control procedures will ensure (b) the parts are original and unmodified
close agreement between the performance of random produc- (b) However, an assembler may convert original finished
tion samples and the performance of those valves submitted for parts by either machining to another finished part or applying a
capacity certification. corrosion−resistant coating to valve springs for a specific appli-
PG−73.4.2 Manufacturing, assembly, inspection, and test cation under the following conditions:
operations including capacity, are subject to inspections at any (1) Conversions shall be specified by the Manufacturer.
time by an ASME designee. Drawings and/or written instructions used for part conversion
PG−73.4.3 A Manufacturer or Assembler may be granted shall be obtained from the Manufacturer and shall include a
permission to apply the V Code Symbol to production pressure drawing or description of the converted part before and after the
relief valves capacity−certified in accordance with PG−69, pro- conversion.
vided the following tests are successfully completed. This per- (2) The Assembler’s quality control system, as accepted by
mission shall expire on the sixth anniversary of the date it is ini- a representative from an ASME−designated organization, must
tially granted. This permission may be extended for 6−yr describe in detail the conversion of original parts, provisions for
periods if the following tests are successfully repeated within the inspection and acceptance, personnel training, and control of
6−mo period before expiration. current Manufacturer’s drawings and/or written instructions.
(a) Two sample production pressure relief valves of a size (3) The Assembler must document each use of a converted
and capacity within the capability of an ASME accepted labora- part.
tory shall be selected by an ASME designee. The maximum (4) The Assembler must demonstrate to the Manufacturer the
blowdown for these samples shall not exceed the value specified ability to perform each type of conversion. The Manufacturer
in the following table: shall document all authorizations granted to perform part con-
Maximum versions. The Manufacturer and Assembler shall maintain a file
Set Pressure, psi (kPa) of such authorizations.
Blowdown
< 67 (500) 4 psi (30 kPa) (5) For an Assembler to offer restricted lift valves, the
≥ 67 (500) and ≤ 250 (1 700) 6% of set pressure Assembler must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Manufac-
> 250 (1 700) and < 375 (2 500) 15 psi (100 kPa) turer the ability to perform valve lift restrictions. The Manufac-
≥ 375 (2 500) 4% of set pressure turer shall document all authorizations granted to restrict the lift
The blow down for sample valves designed for use on forced of the valves, and shall maintain records of the lift restrictions
flow steam generators with no fixed steam and waterline or made by the Assembler. The Assembler shall maintain a file of
high−temperature water boilers shall not exceed 10% of the set such authorizations.
pressure. (6) At least annually a review shall be performed by the Man-
(b) Operational and capacity tests shall be conducted in the ufacturer of an Assembler’s system and conversion capabilities.
presence of an ASME designee at an ASME−accepted labora- The Manufacturer shall document the results of these reviews.
tory. The valve manufacturer or assembler shall be notified of A copy of this documentation shall be kept on file by the Assem-
the time of the test and may have representatives present to wit- bler. The review results shall be made available to a representa-
ness the test. tive from an ASME designated organization.
NOTES: Within the requirements of PG−73.4 and PG−73.5, a manufac-
(c) Should any valve fail to relieve at or above its certified turer is defined as a person or organization who is completely responsible for
capacity or should it fail to meet performance requirements in design, material selection, capacity certification, manufacture of all compo-
PG−72, the test shall be repeated at the rate of two replacement nent parts, assembly, testing, sealing, and shipping of pressure relief valves
valves, selected in accordance with PG−73.4.3(a), for each certified under this Section.
valve that failed. An assembler is defined as a person or organization who purchases or receives
from a manufacturer the necessary component parts or valves and assembles,
(d) Failure of any of the replacement valves to meet capacity adjusts, tests, seals, and ships pressure relief valves certified under this Sec-
or the performance requirements of this Section shall be cause tion at a geographical location other than and using facilities other than those
used by the manufacturer.
for revocation within 60 days of the authorization to use the
Code symbol on that particular t type of valve. During this PG−73.5 Testing by Manufacturers or Assemblers
period, the Manufacturer or assembler shall demonstrate the PG−73.5.1 Pressure Testing. Each pressure relief valve to
cause of such deficiency and the action taken toward against which the Code Symbol Stamp is to be applied shall be subjected
future occurrence. to the following tests by the Manufacturer or Assembler:
PG−73.4.4 Use of the Code Symbol Stamp by an assembler (a) The pressure−containing parts of each valve shall be
indicates the use of original unmodified parts in strict accord- hydrostatically tested at a pressure at least 1.5 times the design
ance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the valve. pressure of the parts. Parts meeting the following criteria shall
(a) An assembler may transfer original and unmodified pres- be exempt from pressure testing:
sure relief parts produced by the Manufacturer to other Assem- (1) the applied stress under hydrostatic test conditions does
blers, provided the following conditions are met: not exceed 50% of the allowable stress; and
(2) the part is not cast or welded. PG−73.5.6 Test fixtures and test drums, where applicable,
(b) Alternatively, testing may be performed pneumatically at shall be of adequate size and capacity to assure that the observed
a pressure 1.25 times the design pressure of the part. Pneumatic set pressure is consistent with the stamped set pressure within
testing can be hazardous; it is therefore recommended that spe- the tolerance required by PG−72.2.
cial precautions be taken when conducting a pneumatic test. PG−73.6 Design Requirements. At the time of submission
(c) Testing may be done in the component or assembled con- of valves for capacity certification or testing in accordance with
dition. PG−69, the ASME designee has the authority to review design
for conformity with the requirements of this Section and to reject
(d) When the valve is designed for discharging directly to
or require modification of designs that do not conform, prior to
atmosphere, the valve components downstream of the valve disk
capacity testing.
are exempt from pressure testing.
PG−73.7 Code Symbol “V” Stamp. Each pressure relief
(e) Valve components downstream of the disk and fully con-
tained within the body are exempt from pressure testing. valve to which the Code “V” symbol (see Fig. PG−105.4) will
be applied shall have been fabricated or assembled by a manu-
(f) These tests shall be conducted after all machining and facturer or assembler holding a valid Certificate of Autho-
welding operations on the parts have been completed. rization (PG−105.2) and c capacity certified in accordance with
(g) There shall be no sign of leakage. the requirements of this Section. A Certified Individual (CI)
PG−73.5.2 Every valve shall be tested with steam by the shall provide oversight to assure that each use of the Code “V”
manufacturer or assembler to demonstrate its set point and pres- symbol on a pressure relief valve is in accordance with the
sure−containing integrity. The blowdown control elements of requirements of this Section, and that each use of the Code “V”
the pressure relief valve shall be set to the Manufacturer’s speci- symbol is documented on a Certificate of Conformance, Form
fications. P−8.
PG−73.5.2.1 Tests shall be conducted either on equipment PG−73.7.1 Requirements for the Certified Individual
that meets the requirements of PG−73.5.6, or on the boiler, by (CI). The CI shall
raising the pressure to demonstrate the set pressure. (a) be an employee of the manufacturer or assembler
PG−73.5.2.2 When the valve is beyond the production test (b) be qualified and certified by the manufacturer or assem-
equipment capabilities, an alternative test method presented in bler. Qualifications shall include as a minimum
PG−73.5.2.2.1 or PG−73.5.2.2.2 may be used, provided all of
(1) knowledge of the requirements of this Section for the
the following conditions are met:
application of the Code “V” symbol
(a) testing the valve at full pressure may cause damage to the
valve, or testing of the valve is impractical due to boiler system (2) knowledge of the manufacturer’s or assembler’s quality
operational safety considerations program
(b) the valve lift has been mechanically verified to meet or (3) training commensurate with the scope, complexity, or
exceed the required lift special nature of the activities to which oversight is to be pro-
vided
(c) the blow down control elements of the safety valve are set
to the valve manufacturer’s specification (c) have a record, maintained and certified by the manufac-
turer or assembler, containing objective evidence of the qualifi-
(d) the valve design is compatible with the alternative test cations of the CI and the training program provided
method selected
PG−73.7.2 Duties of the Certified Individual (CI). The CI
PG−73.5.2.2.1 The valve, with its lift temporarily restricted shall
during the test, if required to prevent valve damage, shall be
tested on steam to demonstrate set pressure. (a) verify that each item to which the Code “V” symbol is
applied has a current capacity certification and meets all applica-
PG−73.5.2.2.2 The valve may be fitted with a hydraulic or ble requirements of this Section
pneumatic lift assist device and tested on steam at a pressure less
than the valve set pressure. The lift assist device and test proce- (b) review documentation for each lot of items to be stamped
dure shall be calibrated to provide the set pressure setting within to verify, for the lot, that requirements of this Section have been
the tolerance of PG−72.2. completed
PG−73.5.3 Leak Test (c) sign the Certificate of Conformance, Form P−8, prior to
(a) A seat tightness test shall be conducted at maximum release of control of the pressure relief valves
expected operating pressure but at a pressure not exceeding the PG−73.7.3 Certificate of Conformance, Form P−8
reseating pressure of the valve. When being tested, a valve (a) The Certificate of Conformance, Form P−8, shall be filled
exhibiting no sign of leakage shall be considered adequately out by the manufacturer or assembler and signed by the Certified
tight. Individual. Multiple duplicate pressure relief valves may be
(b) Closed bonnet pressure relief valves designed for dis- recorded as a single entry, provided the valves are identical and
charge to a closed system shall be tested with a minimum of 30 are produced in the same lot.
psig (200 kPa) air or other gas in the secondary pressure zone. (b) The manufacturer’s or assembler’s written quality con-
There shall be no sign of leakage.11 trol program shall include requirements for completion of Cer-
11 The user may specify a higher test pressure commensurate with the back tificates of Conformance, Form P−8, and retention, by the manu-
pressure anticipated in service. facturer or assembler, for a minimum of 5 years.
PG−73.5.4 A manufacturer or assembler shall have a docu- FABRICATION
mented program for the application, calibration, and mainte-
nance of test gages. PG−75 GENERAL
PG−73.5. Testing time on steam valves shall be sufficient to The fabrication of boilers and parts thereof shall conform to
assure that test results are repeatable and representative of field the general fabrication requirements in the following paragraphs
performance. and in addition to the specific requirements for fabrication in the
Parts of this Section that pertain to the methods of construction The safety valves need not be included in the hydrostatic test.
used. The tests shall be made in two stages in the following sequence:
PG−76 CUTTING PLATES AND OTHER STOCK PG−99.1 Hydrostatic pressure tests shall be applied by rais-
ing the pressure gradually to not less than 1 ½ times the maxi-
PG−76.1 Plates may be cut by machining, punching, shear-
mum allowable working pressure as shown on the data report to
ing, or cutting by the electric arc or gas process, providing
be stamped on the boiler. No part of the boiler shall be subjected
enough metal is left at any unfinished edges to meet the require-
to a general membrane stress greater than 90% of its yield
ments of PG−79.
strength (0.2% offset) at test temperature. The primary mem-
PG−76.2 When end faces of nozzle or manhole necks are to brane stress to which boiler components are subjected during
remain unwelded in the completed vessel, these end faces shall hydrostatic test shall be taken into account when designing the
not be cut by shearing unless at least 1/8 in. (3 mm) of additional components. Close visual inspection for leakage is not required
metal is removed by any method that will produce a smooth fin- during this stage.
ish. PG−99.2 The hydrostatic test pressure may then be reduced
PG−91 QUALIFICATION OF INSPECTORS to the maximum allowable working pressure, as shown on the
The inspection required by this Section shall be by an Inspec- Data Report, to be stamped on the boiler and maintained at this
tor employed by an ASME accredited Authorized Inspection pressure while the boiler is carefully examined. The metal tem-
Agency,12 that is, the inspection organization of a state or perature shall not exceed 120_F (50_C) during the close exami-
municipality of the United States, a Canadian province, or of an nation.
insurance company authorized to write boiler and pressure ves- PG−99.3 A completed forced−flow steam generator with no
sel insurance. These Inspectors shall have been qualified by fixed steam and waterline, having pressure parts designed for
written examination under the rules of any state of the United different pressure levels along the path of water−steam flow,
States or province of Canada which has adopted the Code. shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test by the above pro-
12 Whenever Authorized Inspection Agency or AIA is used in this Code, it shall
cedure (PG−99.1 and PG−99.2) based upon:
mean an Authorized Inspection Agency accredited by ASME in accord- PG−99.3.1 For the first stage test (PG−99.1) a hydrostatic
ance with the requirements in the latest edition of ASME QAI−1, Qualifica- test pressure of not less than 1 ½ times the maximum allowable
tion for Authorized Inspection. working pressure at the superheater outlet as shown in the mas-
PG−93 INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF FLAT ter stamping (PG−106.3) but no less than 1 ¼ times the maxi-
PLATE IN CORNER JOINTS mum allowable working pressure of any part of the boiler,
excluding the boiler external piping.
PG−93.1 When flat plate greater than ½ in. (13 mm) thick-
ness is welded to other pressure parts to form a corner joint, such PG−99.3.2 For the second stage test (PG−99.2) the hydro-
as in flat heads [Fig. PG−31, illustrations (g), (i−1), and (i−2)], static test pressure may be reduced to not less than the maximum
waterlegs of firebox boilers or combustion chambers of wetback allowable working pressure at the superheater outlet.
boilers [Fig. A−8, illustrations (l), (m), (n), and (p)], and the PG−99.4 Test Gages
exposed edges of the plate are closer to the edge of the weld than PG−99.4.1 An indicating gage, visible to the operator con-
a distance equal to the thickness of the plate, the peripheral plate trolling the pressure applied, shall be connected to the pressure
edges and any remaining edges and any remaining exposed sur- parts. Hydrostatic head on the gage shall be considered such that
face of the weld joint preparation shall be examined after weld- the required test pressure is achieved at the top of the boiler.
ing by either the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method.
PG−99.4.2 Dial pressure gages used in testing shall prefer-
When the plate is nonmagnetic, only the liquid penetrant method
ably have dials graduated over their entire range of about double
shall be used. The requirements of this paragraph shall not apply
the intended maximum test pressure, but in no case shall the
to those joints when 80% or more of the pressure load is carried
range be less than 1 ½ times that pressure. The spacing between
by tubes, stays, or braces, or when the exposed edges of the plate
graduations shall be such that the inspector and the operator con-
are farther from the edge of the weld than a distance equal to the
trolling the test shall be able to determine when the required test
thickness of the plate.
pressure has been applied. Digital pressure gages having a wider
PG−93.2 Laminations, cracks, or other imperfections found range of pressure readings may be used provided the readings
during the examination required by PG−93.1 that would affect give the same or greater degree of accuracy as obtained with dial
the safety of the vessel shall be repaired in accordance with pressure gages.
PG−78. The imperfection(s) may be pursued by any suitable
method (grinding, chipping, etc.). The repaired area shall be PG−100 HYDROSTATIC DEFORMATION TEST
subjected to the same examination that first revealed the imper- Where no rules are given and it is impossible to calculate with
fection. a reasonable degree of accuracy the strength of a boiler structure
PG−93.3 Methods and acceptance criteria for magnetic par- or any part thereof, a full−sized sample shall be built by the Man-
ticle and liquid penetrant examination shall be in accordance ufacturer and tested in accordance with the Standard Practice for
with A−260 or A−270, respectively. Making a Hydrostatic Test on a Boiler Pressure Part to Deter-
mine the Maximum Allowable Working Pressure, given in A−22
PG−99 HYDROSTATIC TEST or in such other manner as the Committee may prescribe.
Hydrostatic testing of the completed boiler unit shall be con- CERTIFICATION BY STAMPING AND DATA
ducted in accordance with the following requirements: REPORTS
After a boiler has been completed (see PG−104), it shall be
subjected to pressure tests using water at not less than ambient PG−101 HEATING SURFACE COMPUTATION
temperature, but in no case less than 70_F (20_C). Where PG−101.1 For the stamping required by PG−106, the heating
required, test pressures are specified in this paragraph; whether surface shall be computed as specified in PG−101.1.1 through
minimum or maximum pressures, they apply to the highest point PG−101.1.3.
of the boiler system. When the boiler is completed in the Manu- PG−101.1.1 Heating surface, as part of a circulating system
facturer’s shop without boiler external piping, subsequent in contact on one side with water or wet steam being heated and
hydrostatic testing of the boiler external piping shall be the on the other side with gas or refractory being cooled, shall be
responsibility of any holder of a valid “S,” “A,” or “PP” stamp. measured on the side receiving heat.
PG−101.1.2 Boiler heating surface and other equivalent sur- PG−105 CODE SYMBOL STAMPS
face outside the furnace shall be measured circumferentially PG−105.1 Authorization. Except as permitted in
plus any extended surface. PG−105.5, no organization may assume responsibility for Code
PG−101.1.3 Waterwall heating surface and other equivalent construction without having first received from the ASME a
surface within the furnace shall be measured as the projected Certificate of Authorization to use one of the Code symbol
tube area (diameter x length) plus any extended surface on the stamps shown in Figs. PG−105.1 through PG−105.4. There are
furnace side. In computing the heating surface for this purpose, six such stamps, defined as follows:
only the tubes, fireboxes, shells, tubesheets, and the projected (a) S − power boiler symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.1)
area of headers need to be considered, except that for vertical (b) M – miniature boiler symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.1)
firetube steam boilers only that portion of the tube surface up to
the middle of the gage glass is to be computed. (c) E – electric boiler symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.1)
(d) A – boiler assembly symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.2)
PG−104 GENERAL
(e) PP – pressure piping symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.3)
PG−104.1 The completed boiler unit includes all piping and
(f) V – safety valve symbol stamp (see Fig. PG−105.4)
piping components as defined in the Introduction.
Stamps for applying the Code symbol shall be obtained from
The Manufacturer [see Note (1) below] of any complete the Society. Each boiler, superheater, waterwall, economizer, or
boiler unit to be stamped with the Code symbol has the responsi- boiler part to which a Code symbol is to be applied shall be fabri-
bility of assuring through proper Code certification that all work cated by a Manufacturer who is in possession of an appropriate
performed by him or others responsible to him complies with all Code symbol stamp. A Certificate of Authorization to use the
requirements of the Code, including design, construction, mate- Code symbol “S,” “M,” “E,” “A,” “PP,” or “V” stamp will be
rials, and workmanship. With the exception of field installed granted by the Society pursuant to the provisions of these para-
boiler external piping, when some portions of a complete boiler graphs.
unit are supplied by, or Code work is performed by others not
responsible to the Manufacturer, the Manufacturer has the duty
of obtaining from these other organizations their proper Code
certification, covering such portions of work.
When the Manufacturer furnishes a shop assembled boiler
that is complete except for boiler external piping, and the boiler
has been hydrostatically tested in the shop and properly stamped
with the Manufacturer’s “S” symbol, the subsequent installation
in the field of the external piping within the scope of Section I
is not by itself considered “field assembly of the boiler” [see
Note (2) below].
No Manufacturer or assembler may accept Code responsibil-
ity for work that falls within the scope of the Code, that is per-
formed by workmen employed by any other organization,
except through proper Code certification. The responsibilities
set forth herein relate only to Code compliance and are not to be
construed as involving contractual relations or legal liabilities.
NOTES: (1) Boiler Manufacturer or Manufacturer as used in PG−104 or
other paragraphs referenced to this Note may also be an Engineering Contrac-
tor organization with or without fabricating facilities, but having the capabil-
ity of providing a design specification that establishes the pressure and tem-
perature conditions for each component of a complete boiler unit and of
assembling the fabricated parts in the field with authorization from the Soci-
ety to use the Code symbol stamp “S” in accordance with the Code provisions
in PG−105.3.
(2) When boiler external piping within the scope of Section I is furnished
by other than the boiler Manufacturer, the boiler Manufacturer is not responsi-
ble for the Code certification of such piping. The organizations that furnish
and that install such external piping by welding shall furnish proper Code cer-
tification (PG−104.2) for such piping including Manufacturers’ Data Report
Form P−4A as required by PG−112.2.5 and PG−112.3.
PG−104.2 Proper Code certification refers to the furnishing
of stamping and Data Reports as evidence to establish the fol-
lowing.
PG−104.2.1 The organization that performed that portion of
the work held an appropriate Certificate of Authorization.
PG−104.2.2 By signing and furnishing the appropriate data
report, that organization certified compliance with Code rules
for that portion of the work.
PG−109 STAMPING OF PRESSURE PIPING
PG−104.2.3 By proper use of the Code symbol stamp, that PG−109.1 Boiler external piping, as defined in the Introduc-
organization identified the portions of the work covered by its tion, may be fabricated by a manufacturer other than the Manu-
Data Report Form. facturer of the boiler, provided that the manufacturer has been
PG−104.2.4 By countersignature on the same Data Report issued a Certificate of Authorization to use the “S” or “PP” sym-
a qualified Inspector confirmed that portion of the work com- bol stamp. Boiler external piping may be installed by welding
plied with applicable Code rules. by a manufacturer or contractor other than the Manufacturer of
the boiler, provided such an organization has been issued a Cer- (1) capacity __ lb/hr (kg/hr) (for saturated steam service in
tificate of Authorization to use the “S,” “PP,” or “A” symbol accordance with PG−69.2) or
stamp. When boiler external piping is installed by welding, the (2) capacity __ lb/hr (kg/hr) at __ °F (°C) (for superheated
welding, including the qualification of welding procedures, steam service in accordance with PG−68.7 or supercritical steam
welders, and welding operators, shall be done in accordance service in accordance with PG−69.2.3) or
with the applicable rules of ASME B31.1. The welding shall be
inspected by an Authorized Inspector at such stages of the work (3) capacity __ gal/min (l/min) at 70°F (20°C) and lb/hr
as he may elect. The organizations which fabricate or install (kg/hr) steam for economizer service in accordance with
such piping shall furnish proper code certification (PG−104.2) PG−69.2
for it including a Manufacturer’s Data Report Form P−4A as (f) year built, or alternatively, a coding may be marked on the
required by PG−112.2.5 and PG−112.3. valve such that the valve Manufacturer or Assembler can iden-
PG−109.2 Welded boiler external piping included within the tify the year the valve was assembled and tested
scope of this Code, over NPS 2 (DN 50), shall be stamped with (g) ASME symbol as shown in Fig. PG−105.4
a Code symbol, together with the manufacturer’s or contractor’s (h) The pilot of a pilot−operated pressure relief valve shall
name and serial number. Such stamping shall be on the pipe, be plainly marked by the Manufacturer or Assembler showing
valve or fitting adjacent to the welded joint farthest from the the name of the Manufacturer, the Manufacturer’s design or type
boiler. For piping operating at temperatures above 800o F (425o number, the set pressure in pounds per square inch (MPa), and
C) the symbol may be stamped on a nameplate that is irremov- the year built, or alternatively, a coding that the Manufacturer
ably attached by welding, provided such welding is postweld can use to identify the year built.
heat treated, or on a circular metal band at least ¼ in. (6 mm)
thick. This band around the pipe shall be secured in such a man- PG−111 LOCATION OF STAMPINGS
ner as to prevent it from slipping off during handling and instal- The location of the required stampings shall be as listed
lation. below. These stampings shall be left uncovered or an easily
Welded piping NPS 2 (DN 50) or less included within the removable marked cover may be provided over the stamping
scope of this Code shall be marked with an identification accept- when a boiler is covered with insulation, or jacketed. No piping,
able to the Inspector and traceable to the required Data Report. boiler appliance, or other obstructions shall interfere with read-
Such marking shall be of a type that will remain visible until the ing of the stamping.
piping has been installed. PG−111.1 Horizontal−return tubular boilers – on the front
PG−109.3 A manufacturer in possession of the pressure pip- head above the central rows of tubes.
ing symbol stamp may PG−111.2 Horizontal−flue boilers – on the front head above
(a) design and fabricate welded piping. Such fabrications the flues.
shall be stamped and reported on a Form P−4A, Manufacturer’s PG−111.3 Traction, portable, or stationary boilers of the
Data Report for Fabricated Piping, as called for in PG−112.2.5. locomotive type or Star watertube boilers – on the furnace end
(b) fabricate other parts of boilers, such as superheater, above the handhole. Or on traction boilers of the locomotive
waterwall, or economizer headers, where complete design type – on the left wrapper sheet forward of the driving wheel.
requirements are provided by others. Such parts shall be PG−111.4 Vertical firetube and vertical submerged tube boil-
stamped or marked as required by PG−106.8 and reported on a ers – on the shell above the firedoor and handhole opening.
Form P−4, Manufacturer’s Partial Data Report, as called for in PG−111.5 Watertube Boilers
PG−112.2.4.
PG−111.5.1 Drum type – on a head of the steam outlet drum
PG−109.4 Mechanically assembled boiler external piping near and above the manhole.
which contains no pressure boundary welds does not require
stamping, and as such may be assembled by a non−stamp holder. PG−111.5.2 Forced−flow steam generator with no fixed
Note that the responsibility for documentation and hydrostatic steam and waterline – the master stamping (PG−106.3) shall be
testing of a mechanically assembled boiler external piping must located on a major pressure part, located near the main operating
be assumed by a holder of a valid “S,” “A,” or “PP” stamp (see floor where readily visible. The Data Report Form shall record
PG−112.2.5). the location of the master stamping.
PG−111.6 Scotch marine boilers – on either side of the shell
PG−110 STAMPING OF BOILER PRESSURE near the normal water level line and as near as practical to the
RELIEF VALVES front tubesheet.
Each pressure relief valve shall be plainly marked with the PG−111.7 Economic boilers – on the front head, above the
required data by the Manufacturer or Assembler (see center row of tubes.
PG−73.4.4) in such a way that the marking will not be obliterated
in service. The marking shall be placed on the valve or on a PG−111.8 Miniature and electric boilers – on some conspic-
nameplate securely fastened to the valve. The Code ”V” symbol uous and accessible place on the boiler proper, or on a stamping
shall be stamped on the valve or nameplate by the Manufacturer plate at least 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) thick, permanently fastened
or Assembler, as applicable. The other required data may be (adhesives prohibited) to the boiler.
stamped, etched, impressed, or cast on the valve or nameplate. PG−111.9 On any of the above types where there is not suffi-
For units other than those included below, see PG−4. The mark- cient space in the place designated, and for other types and new
ing shall include the following: designs – in a conspicuous place on the boiler proper. The Data
Report Form shall record the location of the required stamping.
(a) the name (or an acceptable abbreviation) of the Manufac-
turer and Assembler, as applicable PG−111.10 Superheaters – on superheater header near the
outlet. Other headers shall carry identifying marks.
(b) Manufacturer’s design or type number
PG−111.11 Economizers – at a handy location on water inlet
(c) NPS (DN) (the nominal pipe size of the valve inlet) header or drums. Other headers shall carry identifying marks.
(d) set pressure __ psi (MPa) PG−111.12 Waterwalls – on one end of a lower header. Other
(e) Capacity headers shall carry identifying marks.
PG−111.13 When required by PG−106.6 and PG−106.7, the PG−112.2.4 Form P−3A shall not be used by a Manufacturer
Manufacturer [see PG−104, Note (1)] shall furnish a nameplate to provide Code certification for only a portion of the complete
or plates on which the appropriate Code Symbol and design data boiler unit.
for the scope of his responsibility are permanently imprinted. PG−112.2.5 Form P−4A, Manufacturers’ Data Report for
The nameplate shall be securely attached to the front of the Fabricated Piping, shall be used to record all shop or field−
boiler, its setting or casing, at a place readily visible from the welded piping that falls within the scope of this Section but is not
operating floor or platform. furnished by the boiler Manufacturer. Form P−4B, Manufactur-
PG−112 MANUFACTURERS’ DATA REPORT ers’ Data Report for Field Installed Mechanically Assembled
FORMS Piping, shall be used to record all field installed mechanically
assembled boiler external piping. Form P−4B shall be used only
PG−112.1 Ten types of Manufacturers’ Data Report Forms for piping that contains no joints brazed or welded by the field
are shown in the Appendix under the heading “Data Report installer.
Forms and Guides” at the end of this Section. These forms shall
be used by the Manufacturer [see PG−104, Note (1)] to record PART PFT
all the items of a complete boiler unit, in accordance with the REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRETUBE BOILERS
provisions of PG−112.2. When the certification of the complete
boiler unit is accomplished by more than one Data Report, the GENERAL
principal Data Report (P−2, P−2A, P−3, or P−3A) shall be desig- PFT−1 GENERAL
nated as the Master Data Report (see PG−113).
The rules in Part PFT are applicable to firetube boilers and
For forced−flow steam generators with no fixed steam and parts thereof and shall be used in conjunction with the general
waterline consisting of groups of pressure parts or components requirements in Part PG as well as with the specific requirements
designed at several different pressure levels, a separate Manu- in the applicable Parts of this Section that apply to the method
facturers’ Data Report shall clearly identify the pressure parts at of fabrication used.
each pressure level and show the maximum allowable working
pressure. These several Data Reports shall be attached to a Mas- MATERIALS
ter Data Report (PG−113) that shall clearly identify each compo- PFT−5 GENERAL
nent as part of the complete unit. PFT−5.1 Materials used in the construction of pressure parts
PG−112.2 Types of Data Report Forms. The types of Data for firetube boilers shall conform to one of the specifications
Report Forms and the purposes for which they are to be used are given in Section II and shall be limited to those for which allow-
specified in PG−112.2.1 through PG−112.2.8. able stress values are given in Tables 1A and 1B of Section II,
PG−112.2.1 Form P−2, Manufacturers’ Data Report for All Part D, or as otherwise specifically permitted in Parts PG and
Types of Boilers Except Watertube and Electric, shall be used to PFT.
record all types of boilers other than watertube boiler units and PFT−5.2 Waterleg and doorframe rings of vertical firetube
parts thereof, which are included under Form P−3. boilers and of locomotive and other type boilers shall be of
PG−112.2.1.1 Form P−2A, Manufacturers’ Data Report for wrought iron or steel, or cast steel as designated in the SA−216.
All Types of Electric Boilers, shall be used to record all types of The ogee or other flanged construction may be used as a substi-
electric boilers. tute in any case.
PG−112.2.1.2 Form P−2B, Manufacturers’ Data Report for DESIGN
Electric Superheaters and Reheaters, shall be used to record PFT−8 GENERAL
electric superheaters and reheaters installed external to the The rules in the following paragraphs apply specifically to
boiler setting. the design of firetube boilers and parts thereof and shall be used
PG−112.2.2 Form P−3, Manufacturers’ Data Report for in conjunction with the general requirements for design in Part
Watertube Boilers, Superheaters (except electric), Waterwalls, PG as well as with the specific requirements for design in the
and Economizers, shall be used to record all of the items com- applicable Parts of this Section that apply to the method of fab-
prising a watertube boiler. rication used.
The Form P−3 shall also be used to record a superheater, PFT−9 THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS
waterwall, or economizer when the design of such an item is cer- PFT−9.1 Shell and Dome. The thickness after forming shall
tified by a manufacturer other than the boiler Manufacturer, or be as determined in accordance with the rules in Part PG.
when such an item is to be added to an existing boiler. The item
shall be stamped with the ASME “S” symbol and the additional PFT−9.2 Tubesheet
information, as applicable, shown in PG−106.4.2. PFT−9.2.1 The thickness shall be as determined in accord-
Item 10 on Form P−3 shall be used to record other parts con- ance with Part PG and Part PFT.
nected at the openings listed in Item 11 if such parts are fabri- PFT−9.2.2 When buttwelded to the shell of a firetube boiler,
cated of materials or by processes that require Code inspection. a formed tubesheet with a straight flange longer than 1 ½ times
If such parts have not been connected prior to the hydrostatic the tubesheet thickness shall have a straight flange thickness not
test, a notation shall be made under Item 10 reading: “No parts less than that specified in the table in PFT−9.2.1, but in no case
connected to the openings listed in Item 11 except as noted.” less than 0.75 times the thickness of the shell to which it is
PG−112.2.3 Form P−3A, Engineering−Contractor Data attached.
Report for a Complete Boiler Unit, shall be used when such an PFT−10 SHELL JOINTS
organization assumes the Manufacturer’s Code responsibility as Longitudinal and circumferential welded joints of a shell or
provided for by PG−104, Note (1). This form shall be used to drum shall comply with the rules in Part PW.
certify Code responsibility for the design specification of the
complete boiler unit, of which the components are individually PFT−11 ATTACHMENT OF HEADS AND
certified by their individual manufacturers in accordance with TUBESHEETS
the Code rules. This form also provides for field assembly certi- Flat heads and tubesheets of firetube boilers shall be attached
fication. by one of the following methods.
PFT−11.2 By flanging and butt welding in accordance with PFT−12 TUBES

Parts PG and PW.
PFT−12.1 Allowable Working Pressure
PFT−11.3 By attaching an outwardly or inwardly flanged
PFT−12.1.1 The maximum allowable working pressure of
tubesheet to the shell by fillet welding provided the following tubes or flues of firetube boilers shall be as given in PFT−50 and
requirements are met. PFT−51.
PFT−11.3.1 The tubesheet is supported by tubes, or stays, or PFT−12.1.2 The maximum allowable working pressure for
both. copper tubes or nipples subjected to internal or external pressure
PFT−11.3.2 The joint attaching an outwardly flanged tube- shall not exceed 250 psi (1.7 MPa). The maximum temperature
sheet is wholly within the shell and forms no part thereof. shall not exceed 406_ F (208_ C).
PFT−11.3.3 Inwardly flanged tubesheets are full fillet
welded inside and outside.
PFT−11.3.4 The throat dimension of the full fillet weld is
equal to not less than 0.7 of the thickness of the head.
PFT−11.3.5 The shell at the welds is not in contact with pri-
mary furnace gases.13
13 Primary furnace gases are those in a zone where the design temperature of
those gases exceeds 850°F (455°C).
PFT−11.3.6 The construction conforms in all other respects
to the requirements of this Section, including welding and post-
weld heat treating, except that volumetric examination is not
required.
PFT−11.3.7 This construction shall not be used on the rear
head of a horizontal−return tubular boiler and inwardly flanged
tubesheets shall not be used on a boiler with an extended shell.
PFT−11.3.8 On inwardly flanged tubesheets, the length of
flange shall conform to the requirements of PW−13 and the dis-
tance of the outside fillet weld to the point of tangency of the
knuckle radius shall be not less than ¼ in. (6 mm).
PFT−11.4 By attaching an unflanged tubesheet to the shell
by welding, provided the requirements of PFT−11.4.1 through
PFT−11.4.7 are met.
PFT−11.4.1 The tubesheet is supported by tubes, or stays, or
both.
PFT−11.4.2 The welded joint may be made through the tube-
sheet or shell thickness. When the weld joint is made through the
shell, a minimum of 80% of the pressure load shall be carried by
the tubes, stays, or both.
PFT−11.4.3 The weld is a full penetration weld equal at least
to the full thickness of the base metal applied from either or both
sides. When the full penetration weld is made through the shell,
an external fillet weld with a minimum throat of ¼ in. (6mm)
shall be provided, and no weld prep machining shall be per-
formed on the flat tubesheet. The distance from the edge of the
completed weld to the peripheral edge of the tubesheet shall not
be less than the thickness of the tubesheet.
PFT−11.4.4 The shell or wrapper sheet, where exposed to
primary furnace gases14 and not water cooled, does not extend
more than 1/8 in. (3 mm) beyond the outside face of the tube-
sheet.
14 Primary furnace gases are those in a zone where the design temperature of
those gases exceeds 850°F (455°C).
PFT−11.4.5 The weld attaching a furnace or a lower tube-
sheet of a vertical firetube boiler to the furnace sheet is wholly
within the furnace sheet and is ground flush with the upper or
water side of the tubesheet. The maximum allowable working pressure for copper clad
PFT−11.4.6 The construction conforms in all other aspects tubes subjected to external pressure shall be determined by the
to the requirements of this Section including welding, and post- formula in PFT−51, in which t may be increased by one−half the
weld heat treatment, except that volumetric examination is not thickness of the cladding.
required. PFT−12.2 Attachment of Tubes
PFT−11.4.7 This construction shall not be used on the rear PFT−12.2.1 Figure PFT−12.1 illustrates some of the accept-
head of a horizontal−return tubular boiler. able types of tube attachments. Such connections shall be
(a) expanded and beaded as in illustrations (a), (b), and (d) in. (25 mm) may be used, preferably opposite each other, to per-
(b) expanded and beaded and seal welded as in illustration mit inspection and cleaning of the furnace. If the burner is
(c) removable so as to permit inspection and cleaning through the
burner opening, a separate access opening need not be provided.
(c) expanded and seal welded as in illustration (e)
The bonnet or smoke hood of a vertical flue or tubular boiler
(d) welded, as in illustrations (f) and (g) shall be provided with an access opening at least 6 in. x 8 in. (150
Tube ends attached by expanding and welding are subject to mm x 200 mm) for the purpose of inspection and cleaning the
the provisions specified in PFT−12.2.1.1 through PFT−12.2.1.3. top head of the boiler.
PFT−12.2.1.1 Where no bevel or recess is employed, the PFT−43 REQUIREMENTS FOR INSPECTION
tube shall extend beyond the tubesheet not less than a distance OPENINGS
equal to the tube thickness or 1/8 in. (3 mm), whichever is the
greater, nor more than twice the tube thickness or ¼ in. (6 mm), All firetube boilers shall have sufficient inspection openings,
whichever is the lesser [see Fig. PFT−12.1, illustration (e)]. handholes, or washout plugs with a minimum of four openings
to permit inspection of the waterside of the tubesheets, furnaces,
PFT−12.2.1.2 The tubesheet hole may be beveled or
and tubes and to permit flushing of loose scale and sediment
recessed. The depth of any bevel or recess shall not be less than
from the boiler. Except where space restrictions would prohibit
the tube thickness or 1/8 in. (3 mm), whichever is greater, nor
entry to the boiler, a manhole shall be provided in the upper por-
more than one−third of the tubesheet thickness, except that when
tion of the shell. All openings shall meet the requirements of
tube thicknesses are equal to or greater than 0.150 in. (4 mm),
PG−32 through PG−44. Where washout plugs are used, the min-
the bevel or recess may exceed T/3. Where the hole is beveled
imum size shall be NPS 1½ (DN 40), except for boilers 16 in.
or recessed, the projection of the tube beyond the tubesheet shall
(400 mm) or less in inside diameter, the minimum size shall be
not exceed a distance equal to the tube wall thickness [see Fig.
NPS 1 (DN 25).
PFT−12.1, illustrations (f) and (g)].
PFT−44 OPENING BETWEEN BOILER AND SAFETY
PFT−12.2.1.3 On types of welded attachment shown in Fig.
VALVE
PFT−12.1, illustrations (c) and (e), the tubes shall be expanded
before and after welding. On types shown in illustrations (f) and The opening or connection between the boiler and the safety
(g), the tubes may be expanded. valve shall have at least the area of the valve inlet.
PFT−12.2.2 Expanding of tubes by the Prosser method may After the boiler Manufacturer provides for the opening
be employed in combination with any beaded or seal welded required by the Code, a bushing may be inserted in the opening
attachment method [see Fig. PFT−12.1, illustration (b)]. in the shell to suit a pressure relief valve that will have the capac-
ity to relieve all the steam that can be generated in the boiler and
PFT−12.2.3 After seal welding as shown by Fig. PFT−12.1,
which will meet the Code requirements. The minimum size of
illustrations (c) and (e), a single hydrostatic test of the boiler
the connection and opening for the pressure relief valve shall be
shall suffice.
not less than NPS ½ (DN 15).
PFT−12.2.4 The inner surface of the tube hole in any form
No valve of any description shall be placed between the
of attachment may be grooved or chamfered.
required pressure relief valve or valves and the boiler, or on the
PFT−12.2.5 The sharp edges of tube holes shall be taken off discharge pipe between the pressure relief valve and the atmo-
on both sides of the plate with a file or other tool. sphere. When a discharge pipe is used, the cross−sectional area
DOORS AND OPENINGS shall be not less than the full area of the valve outlet or of the total
of the areas of the valve outlets discharging thereinto and shall
PFT−40 WELDED DOOR OPENINGS be as short and straight as possible and so arranged as to avoid
Arc or gas welding may be used in the fabrication of door undue stresses on the valve or valves.
holes provided the sheets are stayed around the opening in
DOMES
accordance with the requirements of PFT−27.6 and PFT−27.7.
No calculations need be made to determine the availability of PFT−45 REQUIREMENTS FOR DOMES
compensation for door openings spanning between the plates of PFT−45.1 The longitudinal joint of a dome may be butt
waterlegs. The required thickness of circular access openings welded or the dome may be made without a seam of one piece
shall be determined in accordance with PFT−51. The required of steel pressed into shape. The dome flange may be double full
thickness of door openings of other than circular shape shall be fillet lap−welded to the shell if all welding complies fully with
calculated using eq. (1) of PG−46, using 2.1 or 2.2 for the value the requirements for welding in Part PW. Volumetric examina-
of C, depending on the plate thickness, and a value of p equal to tion of the fillet welds may be omitted. The opening shall be
the waterleg inside width. Volumetric examination of the join- reinforced in accordance with PG−32 through PG−44.
ing welds is not required. PFT−45.3 When a dome is located on the barrel of a locomo-
PFT−41 OPENINGS IN WRAPPER SHEETS tive−type boiler or on the shell of a horizontal−return tubular
boiler, the outside diameter of the dome shall not exceed six−
Openings located in the curved portion of the wrapper sheet tenths the inside diameter of the shell or barrel of the boiler
of a locomotive type boiler shall be designed in accordance with
unless the portion of the barrel or shell under the dome (the neu-
the rules in PG−32. tral sheet) is stayed to the head or shell of the dome by stays
PFT−42 FIRESIDE ACCESS OPENINGS which conform in spacing and size to the requirements given in
The minimum size of an access or fire door opening, in which PG−46 and Table 1A of Section II, Part D. With such stayed con-
the minimum furnace dimension is 24 in. (600 mm), shall be not struction the outside diameter of a dome located on the barrel or
less than 12 in. x 16 in. (300 mm x 400 mm) or equivalent area, shell of a boiler is limited to eight−tenths of the barrel or shell
11 in. (280 mm) to be the least dimension in any case. A circular inside diameter.
opening shall be not less than 15 in. (380 mm) in diameter. PFT−45.4 All domes shall be so arranged that any water can
For furnace dimensions less than 24 in. (600 mm), the open- drain back into the boiler.
ing should be 2 ¾ in. x 3 ½ in. (70 mm x 89 mm) or larger where PFT−45.5 Flanges of domes shall be formed with a corner
possible. In cases where the size or shape of the boiler prohibits radius, measured on the inside, of at least twice the thickness of
an opening of that size, two openings with a minimum size of 1 the plate for plates 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness or less, and at least
three times the thickness of the plate for plates over 1 in. (25 mm) MATERIALS
in thickness. PEB−5 GENERAL
PFT−45.6 Domes and manhole frames attached to shells or PEB−5.1 Unless specifically permitted elsewhere in this sec-
heads of boilers shall be designed in accordance with PG−32 tion, materials used in the construction of pressure parts for elec-
through PG−44. tric boilers shall conform to one of the specifications in Section
PART PEB II and shall be limited to those permitted by PG−6, PG−7, PG−8,
and PG−9 for which allowable stress values are given in Tables
REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BOILERS 1A and 1B of Section II, Part D. Miscellaneous pressure parts
shall conform to the requirements of PG−11.
GENERAL
PEB−5.2 Seamless or welded shells, plates, or heads of elec-
PEB−1 GENERAL tric boilers shall not be less than 3/16 in. (5 mm) in thickness.
The rules in Part PEB are applicable to electric boilers and PEB−5.3 Electric boilers of the immersion element type may
parts thereof and shall be used in conjunction with the general be fabricated of austenitic stainless steel type 304, 304L, 316,
requirements in Part PG as well as with the special requirements 316L, and 347 of any material specification listed in PG−6 and
in the applicable Parts of this Section that apply to the method PG−9, provided that a precautionary statement indicating that
of fabrication used. the boiler shall be operated using only deionized water, having
a maximum conductance of 1 microSiemen per cm (1 µS/cm)
PEB−2 SCOPE
[minimum specific resistivity of 1 megohm per cm (1 M¿/cm)],
PEB−2.1 This part contains special rules for construction of is clearly marked on the boiler in a visible location.
electric boilers, both of the electrode and immersion resistance
element type. This Part does not include electric boilers where DESIGN
the heat is applied externally to the boiler pressure vessel by PEB−8 GENERAL
electric resistance heating elements, induction coils, or other PEB−8.1 The rules in the following paragraphs apply specif-
electrical means. These types of electric boilers shall be con- ically to the design of electric boilers and parts thereof. They
structed in accordance with other applicable Parts of this Sec- shall be used in conjunction with the general requirements for
tion. design in Part PG, any applicable requirements in Part PMB for
PEB−2.2 Electric boilers and parts thereof that do not exceed miniature boilers, and with the specific requirements for design
the diameter, volume, or pressure limits of PMB−2 may be con- in applicable Parts of this Section that apply to the method of fab-
structed using the applicable paragraphs of Part PMB in con- rication used.
junction with this Part. PEB−8.2 Responsibility of design of electric boilers to be
PEB−2.3 An electrode type boiler is defined as an electric marked with the “E” symbol shall be that of the holder of the “E”
boiler in which heat is generated by the passage of an electric stamp.
current using water as the conductor. PEB−9 WELDING
PEB−2.4 An immersion resistance element type boiler is Electric boilers may be constructed by fusion welding in
defined as an electric boiler in which heat is generated by the accordance with all the requirements of this Section except that
passage of an electric current through a resistance heating ele- postweld heat treatment, volumetric examination of the welded
ment directly immersed in water, or enclosed in a pipe immersed joints, and the nondestructive examinations described in
in water. PG−93.1 are not required when the limitations in PMB−2.1 are
PEB−2.5 Electric boilers may be field assembled provided not exceeded.
the boiler is manufactured and assembled in compliance with the PEB−10 INSPECTION OPENINGS
provisions and requirements of Part PEB and other applicable PEB−10.1 Electric boilers of a design employing a remov-
Parts of this Section. able cover, or removable internal electric heating elements that
PEB−3 OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE will permit access for inspection, and cleaning and having an
BOILER PRESSURE VESSEL internal volume (exclusive of casing and insulation) of not more
The boiler pressure vessel may be constructed in compliance than 5 ft3 (0.14 m3) need not be fitted with washout or inspection
with the ASME Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1, openings.
rules for unfired steam boilers [UW−2(c)] subject to the condi- PEB−10.2 Electric boilers of more than 5 ft3 (0.14 m3) not
tions specified in PEB−3.1 through PEB−3.4. provided with a manhole, shall have an inspection opening or
handhole located in the lower portion of the shell or head. The
PEB−3.1 The Manufacturer who certifies and stamps the inspection opening shall not be smaller than NPS 3 (DN 80). In
completed boiler shall specify to the “U” stamp holder all addi- addition, electric boilers of the resistance heating element type
tional requirements of Part PEB, which are not requirements of designed for steam service shall have an inspection opening or
Section VIII, Division 1, and shall ensure that these require- handhole at or near the normal waterline.
ments are satisfied.
PEB−11 FEEDWATER SUPPLY
PEB−3.2 These additional requirements are:
PEB−11.1 The feedwater source to electric boilers shall be
PEB−3.2.1 The materials of construction shall comply with capable of meeting the applicable requirements of PG−61. Feed-
the requirements of PEB−5.1 and PEB−5.3. water connections to an electric boiler shall not be smaller than
PEB−3.2.2 Inspection openings shall comply with the NPS ½ (DN 15), except as permitted by PMB−11.
requirements of PEB−10. PEB−11.2 Electric boilers that do not exceed the diameter,
PEB−3.3 The boiler pressure vessel shall be stamped with volume, or pressure limits of PMB−2, may have the feedwater
the ASME Code “U” symbol and the letters “UB,” and be docu- delivered through the blowoff opening if desired.
mented with the ASME U−1 or U−1A Data Report. PEB−12 BLOWOFF
PEB−3.4 The master Data Report P−2A for the Electric PEB−12.1 The blowoff piping for each electric boiler pres-
Boiler shall indicate “Boiler pressure vessel constructed to Sec- sure vessel having a normal water content not exceeding 100 gal
tion VIII, Division 1 as permitted by Part PEB.” (380 L) is required to extend through only one valve.
PEB−12.2 The minimum size of blowoff pipes and fittings PEB−17.3 When the electric boiler is to be marked with the
shall be NPS 1 (DN 25), except that for boilers of 200 kW input “E” symbol, the symbol shall be applied after completion of the
or less the minimum size of pipe and fittings may be NPS ¾ (DN hydrostatic test of PEB−17.2.
20). Electric boilers that do not exceed the diameter, volume, or PEB−18 INSPECTION AND STAMPING OF
pressure limits of PMB−2 may have blowoff connections in BOILERS
accordance with PMB−12.
PEB−18.1 Inspection of electric boilers shall be as required
PEB−13 WATER LEVEL INDICATORS by PG−90.1 and PG−90.3. Witness by the Authorized Inspector
PEB−13.1 Electric boilers of the electrode type shall have at of the hydrotest required in PEB−17.2 for the completed boiler
least one gage glass. The gage glass shall be located as to indi- may be omitted for electric boilers that meet all the following
cate the water levels both at startup and under maximum steam limitations:
load conditions as established by the Manufacturer. (a) 800 kW maximum per vessel
PEB−13.2 Electric boilers of the resistance element type (b) 600 V maximum
shall have at least one gage glass. The lowest visible water level (c) mechanically assembled boiler external piping (BEP)
in the gage glass shall be at least 1 in. (25 mm) above the lowest only
permissible water level as determined by the Manufacturer. When the Authorized Inspector does not perform a final
Each electric boiler of this type shall also be equipped with an inspection of the completed boiler, the Manufacturer or Assem-
automatic low−water cutoff on each boiler pressure vessel so bler shall make an equivalent examination. The equivalent
located as to automatically cut off the power supply to the heat- examination shall be in accordance with a quality control proce-
ing elements before the surface of the water falls below the vis- dure meeting the requirements of PEB−18.2 and PEB−18.5.
ible level in the gage glass.
PEB−18.1.1 Electric boilers exceeding the size limitations
PEB−13.3 Tubular gage glasses on electric boilers shall be specified in PEB−18.1, and having only mechanically assem-
equipped with protective rods or shields. bled external piping (BEP) and trim, shall have a final inspection
PEB−14 PRESSURE GAGES by the Authorized Inspector, who shall also witness the hydro-
Pressure gages shall meet the requirements of PG−60.6. static test called for in PEB−17.2.
PEB−18.1.2 For electric boilers having welded or brazed
PEB−15 PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES boiler external piping (BEP) or trim, the inspection require-
PEB−15.1 Each electric boiler shall have at least one pres- ments of PG−90.1 and the hydrostatic test requirements of
sure relief valve. Electric boilers with a power input more than PG−99 apply.
1,100 kW shall have two or more pressure relief valves. PEB−18.2 Each electric boiler Manufacturer shall comply
PEB−15.2 The minimum pressure relief valve relieving with the applicable requirements of PG−104 and PG−105.
capacity for electric boilers shall be 3 ½ lb/hr/kW (1.6 kg/hr/ PEB−18.2.1 An electric boiler Manufacturer or Assembler
kW) input. The pressure setting shall not be higher than the applying for or renewing the “E” stamp shall have its facilities
MAWP stamped on the completed boiler (see PEB−18.3.2). and organizations subject to a joint review by its Authorized
PEB−15.3 Pressure relief valves shall be mounted in accord- Inspection Agency and the legal jurisdiction involved (see last
ance with PG−71.2 with the spindle vertical. Electric boilers that paragraph of PG−105.4).
do not exceed the diameter, volume, or pressure limits of PEB−18.2.2 A Manufacturer or Assembler holding an “E”
PMB−2, may have a pressure relief valve(s) installed in other stamp and assembling units where the final shop inspection is
than the vertical position, provided that not mandatory (see PEB−18.1), shall be subject to periodic
(a) the valve design is satisfactory for such position review by its Authorized Inspection Agency. The review shall
be conducted on a quarterly basis or more frequently if deemed
(b) the valve is not larger than NPS ¾ (DN 20) necessary by the Authorized Inspection Agency. The frequency
(c) the maximum angle of deviation from vertical does not of this review may be reduced subject to written agreement
exceed 30 deg between the Manufacturer or Assembler and its inspection
(d) the nozzle location is such that no material that could agency and the written approval of the appropriate legal jurisdic-
interfere with the operation of the valve can accumulate at the tion. However, in no case shall the review be less than once
valve inlet every 6 months.
PEB−18.3 The stamping of electric boilers shall conform to
(e) the discharge opening of the valve body and discharge
the requirements of PG−106. Completed electric boilers shall be
piping is oriented so that drainage is adequate
marked with the “S” or “M” symbol by the Manufacturer of the
PEB−16 AUTOMATIC DEVICES boiler pressure vessel except when the boiler pressure vessel is
Electric boilers shall be provided with pressure and/or tem- constructed under the provisions of PEB−3 (see PEB−18.4).
perature controls and an automatic low−water fuel cutoff. No When the trim, fixtures and fittings (such as valves), threaded
low−water cutoff is required for electrode type boilers. boiler external piping, and appurtenances are connected to an
electric boiler by a Manufacturer or Assembler not authorized
PEB−17 HYDROSTATIC TEST to apply the “S” or “M” stamp, the boiler assembler shall apply
PEB−17.1 Each electric boiler pressure vessel shall be an “E” stamp to the completed assembly. “E” stamp holders are
hydrostatically tested at completion of fabrication in accordance limited to the use of assembly methods that do not require weld-
with PG−99 or PMB−21, as applicable. ing or brazing.
PEB−17.2 In addition to the above, after assembly of the PEB−18.3.1 The stamping of the boiler pressure vessel shall
boiler pressure vessel and the mechanically assembled boiler be located as called for in PG−111.8 and need not indicate the
external piping and trim, the completed electric boiler shall be kW input or the maximum designed steaming capacity.
given a final hydrostatic test at a pressure not less than 1 ½ times PEB−18.3.2 The stamping of the complete electric boiler
the MAWP of the pressure vessel. Miniature electric boilers that shall be on a separate metallic plate and shall be in accordance
are trimmed to operate at less than the MAWP of the pressure with PG−106.4. The MAWP shall be that established by the
vessel shall be given a hydrostatic test at a pressure not less than completed boiler assembler holding the “S,” “M,” or “E” stamp,
the safety valve setting. but in no case higher than the MAWP stamped on the boiler
shell. The MAWP shall be listed on Part II of Form P−2A, Manu- The Manufacturer or Assembler shall maintain a record con-
facturers’ Data Report for All Types of Electric Boilers. This taining objective evidence of the Certified Individual’s qual-
plate shall be located on the assembly so that it is readily visible ifications, training and certification.
from the operating floor.
PEB−18.5.2 The duties of a Certified Individual (CI) shall
PEB−18.3.3 The stamping required by PEB−18.3.2 need not be to assure that each use of the Code symbol as permitted in
be done in the presence of the Authorized Inspector for electric PEB−18.3.3 is in accordance with the requirements of this Sec-
boilers that do not receive final inspection by the Authorized tion and is documented on the Certificate of Conformance on
Inspector (see PEB−18.1).
Form P−2A, Manufacturers’ Data Report for All Types of Elec-
PEB−18.4 For boiler pressure vessels constructed under the tric Boilers. The CI shall also
provisions of PEB−3, the inspection and stamping requirements
of Section VIII, Division 1, UG−116(c) for special service pres- (a) verify that each electric boiler, to which a Code symbol
sure vessels (UB), shall be followed. is applied, meets all applicable requirements of this Section
PEB−18.5 Those Manufacturers and Assemblers providing (b) sign the Certificate of Conformance, Form P−2A, prior
an equivalent examination of completed electric boilers when to release of control of the boiler
final inspection is not witnessed by the Authorized Inspector
(see PEB−18.1), shall provide oversight by a Certified Individ- PEB−19 MANUFACTURERS’ DATA REPORT FOR
ual (CI). ELECTRIC BOILERS
PEB−18.5.1 A Certified Individual (CI) shall be an PEB−19.1 This form consists of two parts. Part I is to be com-
employee of the Manufacturer or Assembler and shall be quali- pleted by the Manufacturer of the boiler pressure vessel who is
fied and certified by the Manufacturer or Assembler. Qualifica- the holder of the “S” or “M” stamp and his inspection agency.
tions shall include as a minimum Part II is to be completed by the Manufacturer or Assembler
(a) knowledge of the requirements of this Section for the responsible for the completed electric boiler who shall be autho-
application of Code symbols rized to use any of the “S,” “M,” or “E” stamps.
(b) knowledge of the Manufacturer’s quality program PEB−19.2 When the boiler pressure vessel is constructed by
(c) training commensurate with the scope, complexity, or a “U” stamp holder and certified on a U−1 or U−1A Data Report,
special nature of the activities to which oversight is to be pro- Part 1 shall be completed by the “S,” “M,” or “E” stamp holder
vided to the extent indicated in Guide A−351.1.

SPS 341 Appendix A

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SPS 341 Appendix A

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Published under s. 35.93, Wis. Stats., by the Legislative Reference Bureau.

91 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

Chapter SPS 341

EXCERPTS FROM: ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 92

93 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 94

95 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 96

97 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 98

99 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

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101 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 102

shall be of such through−flow construction as to prevent stop- PG−60.6 Pressure Gages

PG−61 FEEDWATER SUPPLY

103 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 104

105 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 106

107 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 108

109 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 110

111 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

(U.S. Customary Units)

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 112

113 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

PG−69.2.3 Coefficient of Discharge Method. A coefficient

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 114

115 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 116

117 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

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SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 120

121 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 122

123 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

PFT−11.2 By flanging and butt welding in accordance with PFT−12 TUBES

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 124

125 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

SPS 341 Appendix A WISCONSIN ADMINISTRATIVE CODE 126

127 SAFETY AND PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SPS 341 Appendix A

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