In-Plane Mechanical Properties
In-Plane Mechanical Properties
In-Plane Mechanical Properties
Stitching of preforms or prepregs causes stress concentrations and damage to the in-plane
fibres and hence degrades the in-plane mechanical properties. The Young's modulus, flexural
modulus, failure strength, and shear strength of stitched laminates were determined
experimentally for some of the laminates and are summarised below. In determining these
properties, the transverse shear modulus, where required, was assumed to be 5.8 GPa.
The tensile and compressive properties were determined by loading the specimen in uniaxial
tension and compression, respectively. These tests were carried out on rectangular coupons of
160 mm in length, 15 mm in width and 3 mm in thickness as per ASTM standard. For the
tensile test specimens, at each end, 40 mm of the specimen was held in the grips, leaving a
test area of 80 x 15 mm2. To prevent failure in the grips, it was also necessary to employ
aluminium tabs in the case of longitudinal tension specimens. However, no tabbing was
required while performing the test in the transverse direction. The compressive test specimen
had a test area of 10 x 15 mm2 with 70 mm held in the grips at both ends (in an IITRI test
fixture). The measurement of the Young’s modulus and failure strain were facilitated by the
use of a centrally located strain gauge. The strain gauge data was directly fed into a 486 PC
data logger. The load was applied by a screw driven Instron 1195 using a 100KN load cell.
The self-tightening wedge action grips were used to introduce the load to the specimen. An
increasing load was applied to the specimen at a uniform displacement rate of 1 mm/min until
fracture of the specimen occurred. The load, displacement, time and strain were constantly
recorded using a 486 PC data logger throughout the test. For each variable four to six
specimens were tested. The load-displacement curves were essentially linear until fracture
occurred. The strength was determined from the failure load and the Young’s modulus was
determined from the gradient of the linear (elastic) portion of the stress-strain curve. The
results for the longitudinal and transverse tensile properties and compressive properties are
summarised in Tables 3-5.