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    Deuteron

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    Kunj Bihari Goswami
    The deuteron, which is composed of a proton and neutron, has a mixed spin state of 3S1 and 3D1, with 3S1 accounting for 96% and 3D1 for 4%. This mixing is due to the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron not adding up to the experimental magnetic moment of the deuteron. Only the spin-triplet state of total isospin 0 (proton-neutron) results in an attractive nuclear force, explaining why the deuteron is bound. The asymptotic behaviors of the deuteron's 3S1 and 3D1 wave functions and their ratio provide tests of nuclear force models like pion exchange theory.

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    Deuteron

    Uploaded by

    Kunj Bihari Goswami
    29 views2 pages
    The deuteron, which is composed of a proton and neutron, has a mixed spin state of 3S1 and 3D1, with 3S1 accounting for 96% and 3D1 for 4%. This mixing is due to the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron not adding up to the experimental magnetic moment of the deuteron. Only the spin-triplet state of total isospin 0 (proton-neutron) results in an attractive nuclear force, explaining why the deuteron is bound. The asymptotic behaviors of the deuteron's 3S1 and 3D1 wave functions and their ratio provide tests of nuclear force models like pion exchange theory.

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    Theory of deutron

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    The deuteron, which is composed of a proton and neutron, has a mixed spin state of 3S1 and 3D1, with 3S1 accounting for 96% and 3D1 for 4%. This mixing is due to the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron not adding up to the experimental magnetic moment of the deuteron. Only the spin-triplet state of total isospin 0 (proton-neutron) results in an attractive nuclear force, explaining why the deuteron is bound. The asymptotic behaviors of the deuteron's 3S1 and 3D1 wave functions and their ratio provide tests of nuclear force models like pion exchange theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    29 views2 pages

    Deuteron

    Uploaded by

    Kunj Bihari Goswami
    The deuteron, which is composed of a proton and neutron, has a mixed spin state of 3S1 and 3D1, with 3S1 accounting for 96% and 3D1 for 4%. This mixing is due to the magnetic moments of the proton and neutron not adding up to the experimental magnetic moment of the deuteron. Only the spin-triplet state of total isospin 0 (proton-neutron) results in an attractive nuclear force, explaining why the deuteron is bound. The asymptotic behaviors of the deuteron's 3S1 and 3D1 wave functions and their ratio provide tests of nuclear force models like pion exchange theory.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    Important properties of deuteron

    We can categorize each state corresponding to the related conditions: The bound state,

    1 1 1 3
    States S0 P1 D2 S1 +3 D1
    Parity + − + +
    Particle exchange − + − +
    Interactions nn, np, and pp np nn, np, and pp np (deuteron)

    3
    S1 +3 D1 , illustrates the deuteron. The deuteron has no excited state partly because of its
    small binding energy. S, P , D, correspond to the orbital angular momentum, L = 0, 1, 2.
    The number of left superscript expresses the spin multiplet, 2S + 1 and the right subscript
    is the total angular momentum, J.

    The reason for mixed states of deuteron wave functions


    The magnetic moment of proton is µp = +2.7927 and that of neutron is µn = −1.91315.
    The experimental deuteron magnetic dipole moment is µd = +0.857393, which is not equal
    to µp + µn . The ground state of the deuteron has J = 1. Taking the correspondent states,
    1
    P1 , 3 P1 , 3 S1 , and 3 D1 . For the same parity, we can have two pairs, 1 P1 and 3 P1 ; 3 S1 and
    3
    D1 . Only 3 S1 and 3 D1 gives the proper result with 3 S1 -state = 96% and 3 D1 -state = 4%.
    Due to this mixture, the potential energy additionally requires spatial description with a
    spherical tensor of rank 2:

    3
    VT = (σ1 · r)(σ2 · r) − σ1 σ2
    r2

    The reason why the isospin must be zero for the deuteron
    According to the deuteron potential, if the total isospin is T = ±1, only repulsive forces
    arise. Therefore only pn case (T = 0) makes the bound state (deuteron).

    1
    The other properties related to the wave functions
    Each state corresponds to each wave function as follows: The asymptotic behaviors of the

    State Wave Function


    3
    S1 −→ u(r)
    3
    D1 −→ w(r)

    wave functions are known as

    u(r) ∼ AS exp[−γr]
    [ ]
    3 3
    w(r) ∼ AD exp[−γr] 1 + +
    γr (γr)2
    The D/S state ratio is given as
    AD
    η≡
    AD
    This ratio measured accurately in the asymptotic region of the wave function, and is a
    good test of the existence and correctness of the description of the long-range N N force in
    terms of the pion exchange theory.

    The (electric) quadrupole moment and radius of the deuteron are described as
    ∫ ∞ √
    1
    Qd = drr2 w(r)[ 8u(r) − w(r)] Quadrupole Moment
    20 0
    {∫ ∞ } 12
    1 2 2 2
    rd = drr [u (r) + w (r)] Deuteron Radius
    2 0

    References
    [1] D. Griffths, Introduction to Elementary Particles. Wiley, 2008

    [2] G. V. Efimov, On bound states in quantum field theory (1996)

    [3] G. Dissertori, et. al. Quantum Chromodynamics.Oxford Univ. Press, 2009

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