MLVT 1/2012 (08)

GARIS PANDUAN
UNTUK MENJALANKAN UJIAN
KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN

GUIDELINES
FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS,
UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

DURIAN

(Durio zibethinus L.)

Nama Lain:
Alternative Names:

Nama Botani Nama Tempatan Nama Biasa

Botanical Name Local Name Common Name

Durio zibethinus L. Durian Durian

JABATAN PERTANIAN MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MALAYSIA

JUN 2010
JUNE 2010
JADUAL KANDUNGAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
HLM.
PAGE
1.0 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN 1
SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES
2.0 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN 1
MATERIAL REQUIRED
3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN
METHOD OF EXAMINATION

3.1 Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan 2

Number of Growing Cycles
3.2 Tempat Ujian 2
Testing Place
3.3 Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan 2
Conditions for Conducting the Examination
3.4 Reka Bentuk Ujian 3
Test Design
3.5 Bilangan Pokok/ Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa 4
Number of Plants / Parts of Plants to be Examined
3.6 Ujian Tambahan 4
Additional Tests
4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN
ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY
4.1 Kelainan 4
Distinctness
4.2 Keseragaman 5
Uniformity
4.3 Kestabilan 6
Stability
5.0 PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN 6
UJIAN PENANAMAN
GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL

6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI

INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 Kategori Ciri 7

Categories of Characteristics
6.2 Tahap Ekspresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan 8
States of Expression and Corresponding Notes
6.3 Jenis Ekspresi 8
Types of Expression
6.4 Varieti Contoh 8
Example Varieties
6.5 Petunjuk 9
Legend

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7.0 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI 9
EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS
8.0 JADUAL CIRI 11
TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS
9.0 RUJUKAN 29
LITERATURE
10.0 BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL 30
TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE
11.0 PENGHARGAAN 38
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

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1.0 SUBJEK GARIS PANDUAN UJIAN
SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES

Garis panduan ini digunakan bagi semua varieti Durio zibethinus L.

These Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Durio zibethinus L.

2.0 BAHAN YANG DIPERLUKAN

MATERIAL REQUIRED

2.1. Pihak yang kompeten memutuskan kuantiti dan kualiti bahan tanaman yang
diperlukan bagi pengujian varieti serta masa dan tempat bahan tanaman itu perlu
dihantar. Pemohon yang menyerahkan bahan dari Negera selain Malaysia di mana
ujian dijalankan mestilah memastikan semua formaliti kastam dan keperluan fitosanitari
telah dipatuhi.

The competent authority decides on the quantity and quality of the plant
material required for testing the variety and when and where it is to be delivered.
Applicants submitting material from a Country other than Malaysia in which the testing
takes place must ensure that all customs formalities and phytosanitary requirements are
complied with.

2.2 Bahan hendaklah dibekalkan dalam bentuk pokok pada pokok penanti yang
ditentukan oleh pihak yang kompeten.
The material is to be supplied in the form of tree, on a rootstock specified by the competent
authority.

2.3 Kuantiti minimum biji benih untuk dibekalkan oleh pemohon seharusnya;
The minimum quantity of seed, to be supplied by the applicant, should be:

5 pokok.
5 trees.

2.4 Bahan tanaman yang dibekalkan seharusnya kelihatan sihat, cergas dan tiada
kesan kerosakan akibat daripada mana-mana perosak atau penyakit yang berbahaya.

The plant meterial supplied should be visibly healthy, not lacking in vigour, nor affected by any
important pest or disease.

2.5 Bahan tanaman tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang mungkin
menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, melainkan pihak yang kompeten membenarkan atau
meminta rawatan itu dilakukan. Sekiranya biji benih telah dirawat, butir-butir penuh
tentang rawatan mestilah diberikan.

The plant material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of
the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such treatment. If it
has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given.

3.0 KAEDAH PEMERIKSAAN

METHOD OF EXAMINATION

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3.1. Bilangan Kitaran Pertumbuhan
Number of Growing Cycles

3.1.1 Tempoh minimum bagi ujian seharusnya dua kitaran pertumbuhan bebas.

The minimum duration of tests should normally be a two independent growing

cycles.

3.1.2 Kitaran pertumbuhan dianggap sebagai tempoh dari permulaan

pertumbuhan vegetatif atau pembungaan yang aktif, berlanjutan sepanjang
pertumbuhan vegetatif aktif, pembentukan bunga serta buah dan berakhir
dengan kutipan buah.

The growing cycle is considered to be the period ranging from the beginning of
active vegetative growth or flowering, continuing through active vegetative growth,
flowering and fruit development and concluding with the harvesting of fruit.

3.2 Tempat Ujian

Testing Place

Biasanya ujian dijalankan di satu tempat. Jika ujian dijalankan di lebih daripada
satu tempat, garis panduan diberi dalam dokumen UPOV TGP/9: Examining
Distinctness.

The tests should normally be conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted at more than
one place, guidance is provided in UPOV document TGP/9: Examining Distinctness.

3.3 Keadaan bagi Menjalankan Pemeriksaan

Conditions for Conducting the Examination

3.3.1 Ujian seharusnya dijalankan di bawah keadaan yang memastikan pertumbuhan

adalah memuaskan bagi ekspresi ciri varieti yang berkaitan dan bagi pemeriksaan
yang dijalankan. Yang penting pokok mengeluarkan hasil buah yang memuaskan
dalam setiap satu daripada dua musim berbuah.

The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression
of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. In particular, it is
essential that the trees produce a satisfactory crop of fruit in each of two growing cycles.

3.3.2 Peringkat tumbesaran bagi penilaian

Stage of development for the assessment

Peringkat tumbesaran yang optimum bagi penilaian setiap ciri ditunjukkan oleh
huruf dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri. Peringkat tumbesaran yang ditandakan oleh
setiap huruf diperihalkan dalam Bab 7.0.

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 The optimal stage of development for the assessment of each characteristic is indicated
by a letter in the second column of the Table of Characteristics. The stages of development
denoted by each letter are described at Chapter 7.0.

3.3.3 Jenis pemerhatian

Type of observation

Kaedah pemerhatian ciri yang disyorkan diberikan oleh petunjuk berikut dalam kolum
kedua Jadual Ciri:

The recommended method of observing the characteristic is indicated by the following key in the
second column of the Table of Characteristics:

MG: satu pengukuran ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau bahagian tanaman

single measurement of a group of plants or parts of plants

MS: pengukuran beberapa tanaman atau bahagian tanaman secara individu

measurement of a number of individual plants or parts of plants

VG: penilaian visual dengan satu pemerhatian ke atas sekumpulan tanaman atau
bahagian tanaman
visual assessment by a single observation of a group of plants or parts of plants

VS: penilaian visual dengan memerhati setiap tanaman atau bahagian tanaman
visual assessment by observation of individual plants or parts of plants

3.4. Reka Bentuk Ujian

Test Design

3.4.1 Setiap ujian seharusnya direka bagi menghasilkan jumlah sekurang-kurangnya 5

pokok.

Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least 5 plants.

3.4.2 Reka bentuk ujian seharusnya sebegitu rupa supaya tanaman atau bahagian
tanaman boleh diasingkan untuk diukur atau dikira tanpa menjejaskan pemerhatian
yang selanjutnya.

The design of the tests should be such that plants or parts of plants may be removed for
measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the
end of the growing period.

3.5. Bilangan Pokok / Bahagian Pokok untuk Diperiksa

Numbers of Plants/ Parts of Plants to be Examined

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 Kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya, semua pemerhatian mestilah dibuat pada 5
tanaman atau bahagian tanaman yang diambil setiap satu daripada 5 tanaman itu. Bagi
setiap pokok, bilangan sampel yang perlu diambil dari setiap bahagian adalah 2.

Unless otherwise indicated, all observations should be made on 5 plants or parts taken
from each of 5 plants. In the case of parts of plants, the number to be taken from each of the
plants should be 2.

3.6. Ujian Tambahan

Additional Tests

Ujian tambahan untuk memeriksa ciri berkaitan boleh ditentukan.

Additional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be established.

4.0 PENILAIAN KELAINAN, KESERAGAMAN DAN KESTABILAN

ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY

4.1 Kelainan
Distinctness

4.1.1 Syor Umum

General Recommendations

Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen
UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan
kelainan. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan bagi huraian lebih lanjut atau
penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini.

It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV document
TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following
points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines.

4.1.2 Perbezaan yang Konsisten

Consistent Differences

Sekiranya perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti amat jelas, satu kitaran
pertumbuhan adalah mencukupi. Selain itu, dalam sesetengah keadaan sekiranya tidak
terdapat perbezaan yang jelas yang mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor persekitaran, lebih
daripada satu kitaran pertumbuhan diperlukan untuk memberikan kepastian bahawa
perbezaan yang diperhatikan antara varieti supaya cukup konsisten. Satu cara untuk
memastikan perbezaan dalam satu ciri yang diperhatikan dalam satu ujian penanaman
cukup konsisten adalah dengan memeriksa ciri pada sekurang-kurangnya dua kitaran
pertumbuhan yang bebas.

The differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than one growing cycle is
not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, the influence of the environment is not such that more
than a single growing cycle is required to provide assurance that the differences observed between

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varieties are sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a characteristic, observed in a growing
trial, is sufficiently consistent is to examine the characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles.

4.1.3 Perbezaan Jelas

Clear Differences

Menentukan sama ada sesuatu perbezaan antara dua varieti adalah jelas atau
tidak bergantung pada banyak faktor, dan seharusnya mengambil kira terutamanya
jenis ekspresi ciri yang diperiksa, iaitu sama ada ciri itu diekspresikan dalam cara
kualitatif, kuantitatif, atau pseudokualitatif. Justeru itu, penting bagi pengguna Garis
Panduan Ujian ini untuk mengetahui syor yang terkandung dalam Dokumen UPOV
TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan
kelainan.

Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors, and
should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being examined, i.e. whether it
is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that
users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendations contained in the UPOV document
TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness.

4.2 Keseragaman
Uniformity

4.2.1 Amat penting bagi pengguna Garis Panduan Ujian ini untuk merujuk Dokumen
UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction sebelum membuat keputusan berkenaan dengan
keseragaman. Walau bagaimanapun, perkara berikut diberikan sebagai huraian lebih
lanjut atau penekanan dalam Garis Panduan ini.

It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the UPOV
document TGP 1/3: General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity.
However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test
Guidelines.

4.2.2 Bagi penilaian keseragaman, standard populasi sebanyak 1% dan

kebarangkalian peneriamaan sekurang-kurangnya 95% seharusnya digunakan. Dalam
kes saiz sampel 5 tanaman, tiada jenis ganjil dibenarkan.

For the assessment of uniformity, a population standard 1% and an acceptance

probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 5 plants, no off-
types are allowed.

4.3 Kestabilan
Stability

4.3.1 Secara praktikalnya, ujian kestabilan adalah jarang dijalankan bagi

menghasilkan keputusan yang begitu pasti seperti keputusan ujian kelainan dan
keseragaman. Namun begitu, pengalaman menunjukkan bahawa bagi kebanyakan
jenis varieti, apabila sesuatu varieti terbukti seragam, ia boleh dianggap sebagai stabil.

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 In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as those of
the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for many types of
variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to be stable.

4.3.2 Apabila sesuai atau jika terdapat keraguan, kestabilan boleh diuji, sama ada
dengan menanam generasi selanjutnya, atau dengan menguji stok bahan tanaman
yang baru untuk memastikan tanaman itu menunjukkan ciri yang sama seperti yang
ditunjukkan oleh bahan yang dibekalkan sebelumnya.

Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be tested, either by growing a further
generation, or by testing a new plant stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as those
shown by the previous material supplied.

5.0 PENGELOMPOKAN VARIETI DAN PERANCANGAN & PELAKSANAAN

UJIAN PENANAMAN
GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL

5.1 Pemilihan varieti yang diketahui umum untuk ditanam dalam ujian bersama-
sama varieti calon dan cara varieti ini dibahagikan kepada kelompok bagi memudahkan
penilaian kelainan, dibantu oleh penggunaan ciri pengelompokan.

The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate
varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of
distinctness are aided by the use of grouping characteristics.

5.2 Ciri pengelompokan ialah ciri yang keadaan ekspresinya telah didokumenkan
walaupun dihasilkan di lokasi berlainan, boleh digunakan sama ada secara berasingan
atau secara gabungan dengan ciri lain:

Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even where produced
at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such characteristics:

(a) untuk memilih varieti yang diketahui umum yang boleh dikecualikan dalam ujian
penanaman yang digunakan bagi memeriksa kelainan; dan
to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used for
examination of distinctness; and

(b) untuk mengaturkan ujian penanaman supaya varieti yang serupa dikelompokkan
bersama.
to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together.

5.3 Yang berikut telah dipersetujui sebagai ciri pengelompokan yang sesuai:
The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics:

(i) Lai daun: panjang (ciri. 2)

Leaf blade: length (char. 2)

(ii) Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang (ciri 9)

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 Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage (char.9)

(iii) Buah: bentuk pada pandangan memanjang (ciri 12)

Fruit: shape in lateral view (char. 12)

(iv) Buah: bentuk duri (ciri 18)

Fruit: spine shape (char. 18)

(v) Isi: warna utama (ciri 30)

Flesh: predominant colour (char. 30)

5.4 Garis panduan bagi penggunaan ciri pengelompokan, dalam proses memeriksa
kelainan, diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

Guidance for the use of grouping characteristics, in the process of examining distinctness, is
provided through the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

6.0 PENGENALAN KEPADA JADUAL CIRI

INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 Kategori Ciri

Categories of Characteristics

6.1.1 Ciri Garis Panduan Ujian Nasional

National Test Guidelines Characteristics

National Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are adopted from UPOV
Standard Test Guidelines for examination of DUS.

6.1.2 Ciri Bertanda Asterisk

Asterisked Characteristics

Ciri bertanda asterisk ditandakan dengan (*) ialah ciri yang termasuk dalam
Garis Panduan Ujian yang merupakan ciri penting bagi penyelarasan deskripsi varieti
pada peringkat antarabangsa dan seharusnya selalu diperiksa untuk DUS, dan
dimasukkan dalam deskripsi varieti, kecuali apabila keadaan ekspresi ciri yang
sebelumnya atau keadaan persekitaran kawasan menjadikannya tidak sesuai.

Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines

which are important for the international harmonization of variety descriptions and should
always be examined for DUS and included in the variety description except when the state of
expression of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this
inappropriate.

6.2 Tahap Ekpresi dan Catatan yang Berkaitan

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 States of Expression and Corresponding Notes

Tahap ekspresi diberi bagi setiap ciri untuk menjelaskan ciri dan untuk
menyelaraskan deskripsi. Setiap tahap ekspresi diperuntukkan catatan berangka yang
sepadan bagi memudahkan merekod data dan bagi penerbitan serta pertukaran
deskripsi.

States of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and
to harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical
note for ease of recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description.

6.3 Jenis Ekspresi

Types of Expression

Penjelasan tentang jenis ekspresi ciri (kualitatif, kuantitatif dan pseudokualitatif)

diberi dalam Dokumen UPOV TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

An explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative

and pseudo-qualitative) is provided in the UPOV document TGP 1/3: General Introduction.

6.4 Varieti Contoh

Example Varieties

Di mana sesuai, varieti contoh diberi untuk menjelaskan keadaan ekspresi setiap
ciri.

Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression
of each characteristic.

6.5 Petunjuk
Legend

(*) Ciri bertanda asterisk – lihat Bab 6.1.2

Asterisked characteristic – see Chapter 6.1.2

QL Ciri kualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3

Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3

QN Ciri kuantitatif – lihat Bab 6.3

Quantitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3
PQ Ciri pseudokualitatif – lihat Bab 6.3
Pseudo-Qualitative characteristic – see Chapter 6.3

MG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3

see section 3.3.3
MS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3
see section 3.3.3

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VG: lihat bahagian 3.3.3
see section 3.3.3
VS: lihat bahagian 3.3.3
see section 3.3.3

(a) – (c) Lihat Penjelasan meliputi beberapa ciri dalam Bab 7.0.
See Explanations Covering Several Characteristics in Chapter 7.0.

(+) Lihat Penjelasan bagi ciri individu dalam Bab 8.0.

See Explanations for Individual Characteristics in Chapter 8.0.

7.0 PENJELASAN JADUAL CIRI

EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

Penjelasan meliputi beberapa ciri

Explanations for several characteristics

Ciri yang mengandungi petunjuk berikut dalam kolum kedua Jadual Ciri seharusnya
diperiksa seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini:

Characteristics containing the following key in the second column of the Table of Characteristics
should be examined as indicated below:

(a) Semua pemerhatian pada daun seharusnya dibuat pada daun matang ke-3
hingga ke-5 yang terletak pada pucuk hujung.
All observations on the leaf should be made on the 3th to 5th fully developed leaf of the
terminal shoot.

(b) Semua pemerhatian pada bunga seharusnya dibuat pada peringkat sebelum
bunga kembang.
All observations on the flower should be made at the preblossom stage.

(c) Semua pemerhatian pada buah, isi, pedisel dan duri seharusnya dibuat pada
pada peringkat sesuai untuk pemasaran.
All observations on the fruit, the flesh, pedicel and the fruit spine should be made at the
marketing stage.

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 8.0 JADUAL CIRI
TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS

VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
1. VG Pokok: sudut percabangan akut D109 1
(+) batang. acute
Tree: angle of branch
QN obtus D7 2
obtuse

mendatar D140 3
horizontal

Tamb.(1): Pokok: sudut percabangan batang

Ad. (1): Tree: angle of branch

1 2 3
akut obtus mendatar
acute obtuse horizontal

2. MS Lai daun: panjang pendek D123 3

Leaf blade: length short
QN
sederhana D24 5
medium

panjang 7
long

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
3. MS Lai daun: lebar sempit 3
Leaf blade: width narrow
QN
sederhana 5
medium

lebar 7
broad

4. MS Lai daun: nisbah panjang/lebar kecil 3

Leaf blade: ratio length/width small
QN
sederhana 5
medium

lebar 7
large

5. VG Lai daun: bentuk eliptik D123 1

(+) Leaf blade: shape elliptic

PQ oblong D99 2
oblong

ovat 3
ovate
Tamb.(5): Lai daun: bentuk
Ad. (5): Leaf blade: shape

1 2 3
eliptik oblong ovat
elliptic oblong ovate

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
6. VG Lai daun: panjang tip akuminat pendek 3
(+) Leaf blade: length of acuminate tip short

QN sederhana D24 5
medium

panjang 7
D159
long

7. VG Lai daun: pangkal akut D24 1

(+) Leaf blade: base acute

PQ obtus D159 2
obtuse

bulat 3
D123
rounded

Tamb.(7): Lai daun: pangkal

Ad. (7): Leaf blade: base

1 2 3
akut obtus bulat
acute obtuse rounded

8. VG Lai daun: warna bahagian keputihan D24 1

bawah whitish
PQ Leaf blade: colour of under surface
keperangan D99 2
brownish

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
9. VG Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum bulat D123 1
(+) kembang circular
Flower bud: shape at preblossom
QN stage eliptik D7 2
elliptic

ovat D24 3
ovate

Tamb.(9): Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang

Ad. (9): Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage

1 2 3
bulat eliptik ovat
circular elliptic ovate

10. VG Putik bunga: apek bulat atau sedikit D7, D123 1

(+) Flower bud: apex runcing
rounded or very
PQ slightly pointed

akut D145 2
acute

obtus D24 3
obtuse

Tamb.(10): Putik bunga: apek

Ad.(10): Flower bud: apex

1 2 3
bulat atau sedikit runcing akut obtus
rounded or very slightly pointed acute obtuse

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
11. VG Putik bunga: warna utama kehijauan D7 1
Flower bud: predominant colour greenish
QL
kekuningan D145 2
yellowish

12. VG Buah: bentuk (pandangan oblat 1

(+) memanjang) oblate
Fruit: shape (in lateral view)
PQ bulat D24 2
circular

eliptik 3
elliptic

rhombik 4
rhombic

ovat D159 5
ovate

obovat 6
obovate

oblong D7 7
oblong

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(12): Buah: bentuk (pandangan memanjang)
Ad. (12): Fruit: shape (in lateral view)

1 2 3
oblat bulat eliptik
oblate circular elliptic
pointed

4 5 6 7
rhombik ovat obovat oblong
rhombic ovate obovate oblong
pointed

13. VG Buah: bentuk (dalam keratan bulat tiada lurah D145 1

(+) lintang) circular without groove
Fruit: shape (in cross section)
QL bulat sedikit berlurah D168 2
circular with slight
groove

bulat dengan jelas D99 3

berlurah
circular with
pronounce groove

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 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(13): Buah: bentuk (dalam keratan lintang)
Ad. 13: Fruit: shape (in cross section)

1 2 3
bulat tiada lurah bulat sedikit berlurah bulat dengan jelas berlurah
circular without circular with slight circular with pronounce groove
groove groove groove
14. VG Buah: apek meruncing D159 1
(+) Fruit: apex pointed

QL mendatar D145 2
even

melekuk D158 3
indented

Tamb.(14): Buah: apek

Ad. (14): Fruit: apex

1 2 3
meruncing mendatar melekuk
pointed even indented

15. VG Buah: bahu akut D2 1

(+) Fruit: shoulder acute

QL mendatar D168 2
even

cordat D99 3
cordate

16
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(15): Buah: bahu
Ad. (15): Fruit: shoulder

1 2 3
akut mendatar cordat
acute even cordate
pointed

16. MS Pedisel: panjang pendek D99 3

Pedicle: length short
QN
sederhana D24 5
medium

panjang D158 7
long

17. MS Pedisel: garis-pusat kecil 3

Pedicle: diameter small
QN
sederhana 5
medium

besar 7
broad

18. VG Buah: bentuk duri akut 1

(+) Fruit: spine shape acute

PQ obtus 2
obtuse

caudat 3
caudate

17
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(18): Buah: bentuk duri
Ad.(18): Fruit: spine shape

1 2 3
akut obtus cordat
acute obtuse cordate

19. MG Buah: warna hijau D24 1

Fruit: colour green
PQ
hijau tua D145,D168 2
dark green

hijau gangsa D2 3
greyed green

hijau keperangan D99 4

brownish green

perang kehijauan D159 5

greenish brown

20. VG Buah: kejelasan garisan tiada atau sangat D145, D168 1

(+) pangsa. lemah
Fruit: clarity of line dividing absent or very weak
QN sections
sederhana D169 3
medium

kuat D7 5
strong

18
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(20): Buah: kejelasan garisan pangsa
Ad. (20): Fruit: clarity of line dividing sections

1 2 3
tiada atau sangat sederhana kuat
lemah medium strong
absent or very weak pointed
21 VG Buah: kedapatan permatang tiada D7 1
(+) sepanjang pangsa absent
QL
Fruit: presence of ridges along the ada D197 9
line dividing sections present

Tamb.(20): Buah: kedapatan permatang sepanjang pangsa

Ad. (21): Fruit: presence of ridges along the line dividing sections

1 2
tiada ada
absent present
groove
22. VG Buah: kedapatan duri halus tiada D145 1
(+) sepanjang pangsa absent
Fruit: presence of minute spines
QN along the line dividing sections sedikit D8 3
few

banyak D2 5
many

19
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(22): Buah: kedapatan duri halus sepanjang pangsa
Ad. (22): Fruit: presence of minute spines along the line dividing sections

1 3
tiada sedikit
absent few
groove groove

5
banyak
many
groove

23. VG Buah: kawasan duri halus tiada atau kecil D7, D145 3
(+) dibahagian hujung absent or small
Fruit: area of minute spines at
QN distal end sederhana 5
medium

luas D159 7
large

20
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
Tamb.(23): Buah: kawasan duri halus dibahagian hujung
Ad. (23): Fruit: area of minute spines at distal end

3 5 7
tiada atau kecil sederhana luas
absent or small medium large
groove groove groove

24. VG Buah: posisi duri dibahagian melengkuk D168 1

(+) hujung hooked
Fruit: position of spines at distal
QL end lurus atau tegak D145 2
vertical (or straight)

Tamb.(24): Buah: posisi duri dibahagian hujung

Ad. (24): Fruit: insertion of spines at distal end

1 2
melengkuk lurus atau tegak
hooked vertical (or straight)
groove groove

21
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
25. VG Buah: kawasan tidak berduri tiada atau sangat 3
(+) dibahagian proksimal kecil
Fruit: spineless area at proximal absent or very small
QN end
kecil 5
small

luas 7
large
Tamb.(25): Buah: kawasan tidak berduri dibahagian proksimal
Ad.(25): Fruit: spineless area at proximal end

3 5 7
tiada atau sangat kecil kecil luas
absent or very small small large
groove pointed

26. MS Buah: berat ringan D99 3

Fruit: weight light
QN
sederhana D24 5
medium

berat D158 7
heavy

27. MS Buah: nisbah berat isi (tanpa kecil 3

biji)/berat ulas (isi beserta biji) small
QN Fruit: ratio weigh of aril (seed
removed)/weight of pulp (aril with sederhana 5
seed) medium

besar 7
large

22
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
28. MS Buah: ketebalan kulit nipis 3
Fruit: thickness of peel thin
QN
sederhana 5
medium

tebal 7
thick

29. MS Isi: ketebalan nipis 3

(+) Flesh: thickness thin

QN sederhana 5
medium D168

tebal 7
thick
Tamb.(29): Isi: ketebalan
Ad.(29): Flesh: thickness

Observation should be made at the market stage on the middle of carpel.

30. MG Isi: warna utama putih 1

(*) Flesh: predominant colour white

PQ kuning pucat D24 2

light yellow

kuning D197 3
yellow

kuning jingga D168 4

yellow orange

jingga kemerahan Bunga Samar 5

reddish orange

31. VG Buah: aroma tiada atau sedikit 1

Flesh: aroma absent or weak
QN
sederhana 2
medium

kuat 3
strong

23
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
32. VG Buah: kemanisan tiada atau sedikit 1
(+) Flesh: sweetness absent or weak

QN sederhana 2
medium

kuat 3
strong

Tamb.(33): Buah: kemanisan

Ad.(33): Flesh: sweetness

To be assessed by a panel

33. VG Buah: kepahitan tiada atau sedikit 1

Flesh: bitterness absent or weak
QN
sederhana 2
medium

kuat 3
strong

34. VG Buah: tekstur halus 1

Flesh: texture fine
QN
sederhana 2
medium

kasar 3
coarse

35. VG Biji: bentuk bujur 1

(+) Seed: shape oblong

PQ bulat 2
circular

eliptik 3
elliptic

Tamb.(35): Biji: bentuk

Ad.(35): Seed: shape

Observation should be made at the market stage after the observation of flesh’s thickness

24
 VARIETI
BIL. CIRI KEADAAN CONTOH CATATAN
NO. CHARACTERISTIC STATE EXAMPLE NOTE
VARIETIES
36. VG Biji: saiz kecil 3
Seed: size small
QN
sederhana 5
medium

besar 7
large

37. MS Biji: kehadiran biji kesep sedikit / few 3

Seed: presence of flattened seeds
QN sederhana / medium 5

banyak / many 7

25
9. RUJUKAN
LITERATURE

UPOV. 2006. DRAFT: Guidelines For The Conduct of Tests For Distinctness, Uniformity
and Stability. Durian (Durio spp.). UPOV/ASIA/05/DURIAN. International Union for the
Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV), Geneva.

26
 10.0 SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL
TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

BORANG SOAL SELIDIK TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE
untuk dilengkapi berkaitan dengan permohonan Hak Pembiak Baka Tumbuhan
to be completed in connection with an application for Plant Breeders' Rights

UNTUK KEGUNAAN RASMI

FOR OFFICIAL USE

Nombor Rujukan : Tarikh Permohonan :

Reference Number Application date

(tidak boleh diisi oleh pemohon)

(not to be filled in by the applicant)

1. BAHAN UJIAN
SUBJECT OF THE TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE

1.1 Nama Botani : Durio zibethinus L.

Botanical Name

1.2 Nama Biasa : DURIAN

Common name

1.3 Nama Tempatan : Durian

Local name

2. PEMOHON
APPLICANT

Nama Pemohon : _______________________________ No. Fax : _____________________________

Applicant Name
Fax No
Alamat : ____________________________________
E-Mail : _____________________________
Address ____________________________________ E-mail

_____________________________________ Pembiak Baka : _____________________________

Breeder
No. Telefon :_________________________________ (jika berlainan daripada pemohon)
Telephone No (if different from applicant)

3. NAMA YANG DICADANGKAN DAN RUJUKAN PEMBIAK BAKA

PROPOSED DENOMINATION AND BREEDER'S REFERENCE

Nama yang dicadangkan _______________________ ________________________ _______________________

Proposed denomination pilihan pertama (1st choice) pilihan kedua (2nd choice) pilihan ketiga (3rd choice)
Rujukan pembiak baka ___________________________
Breeder's reference

27
 Halaman {2} daripada {6}
Page {2} of {6}

# 4. MAKLUMAT SKIM PEMBIAKBAKAAN DAN PEMBIAKAN VARIETI

INFORMATION ON THE BREEDING SCHEME AND PROPAGATION OF THE VARIETY

4.1 Skim pembiakbakaan

Breeding scheme
Varieti terhasil daripada :
Variety resulting from
Kacukan kacuk terkawal (sila nyatakan varieti induk)
Crossing controlled cross (please state parent varieties)

Mutasi (sila nyatakan varieti induk)

Mutation (please state parent varieties)

Penemuan dan pembangunan (sila nyatakan di mana dan bila ditemui dan bagaimana dibangunkan)
Discovery and development (please state where and when discovered and how developed)

Lain-lain (sila berikan butir-butir)

Other (please provide details)

4.2 Kaedah pembiakan varieti

Method of propagating the variety
4.2.1 Pembiakan vegetatif
Vegetative propagation
cantuman
grafting
pembiakan in vitro
in vitro propagation
lain-lain (nyatakan kaedah)
other (state method)

4.2.2 Biji benih

Seed
4.2.3 Kaedah pembiakan yang lain (sila berikan butir-butir)
Other method of propagation (please provide details)

# Pihak berkuasa mungkin membenarkan maklumat tertentu ini diberi dalam bahagian sulit Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal.
Authority may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire.

28
 5. CIRI VARIETI UNTUK DINYATAKAN
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VARIETY TO BE INDICATED

Nombor dalam kurungan merujuk ciri yang sepadan dengan ciri dalam Garis Panduan Ujian; sila tandakan catatan yang paling sepadan.
The number in brackets refers to the corresponding characteristic in Test Guidelines; please mark the note which best corresponds.

Bil Ciri Keterangan Varieti Contoh Catatan

No Characteristic State Example varieties Note

5.1 Lai daun: panjang pendek 3[ ]

short
(2) Leaf blade: length
sederhana 5[ ]
medium

panjang 7[ ]
long

5.2 Putik bunga: bentuk sebelum kembang bulat 1[ ]

circular
(9) Flower bud: shape at preblossom stage
eliptik 2[ ]
elliptic

ovat 3[ ]
ovate

5.3 Buah: bentuk pada pandangan memanjang oblat 1[ ]

Fruit: shape in lateral view oblate
(12)
bulat 2[ ]
circular

eliptik 3[ ]
elliptic

rombik 4[ ]
rhombic

ovat 5[ ]
ovate
6[ ]
obovat
obovate
7[ ]
oblong
oblong

29
Bil Ciri Keterangan Varieti Contoh Catatan
No Characteristic State Example varieties Note

5.4 Buah: bentuk duri akut 1[ ]

acute
(18) Fruit: shape of spine
obtus 3[ ]
obtuse

kaudat 5[ ]
caudate

5.5 Isi: warna utama putih 1[ ]

white
(31) Flesh: predominant colour
kuning cerah 2[ ]
light yellow

kuning 3[ ]
yellow

jingga kekuningan 4[ ]
yellowish orange

jingga kemerahan 5[ ]
reddish orange

6. VARIETI SERUPA DAN PERBEZAAN DARIPADA VARIETI CALON

30
 SIMILAR VARIETIES AND DIFFERENCES FROM THESE VARIETIES

Sila gunakan jadual dan kotak berikut untuk komen dan untuk memberikan maklumat berkenaan dengan bagaimana varieti
yang anda pilih berbeza daripada varieti yang, sejauh yang anda ketahui, paling serupa. Maklumat ini boleh membantu
pihak berkuasa pemeriksaan untuk menjalankan pemeriksaan kelainan dengan cara yang lebih cekap.

Please use the following table and box for comments to provide information on how your candidate variety differs from the variety (or
varieties) which, to the best of your knowledge, is (or are) most similar. This information may help the examination authority to conduct its
examination of distinctness in a more efficient way.

Nama varieti yang Ciri varieti calon yang Terangkan ekspresi ciri Terangkan ekspresi ciri
serupa dengan berbeza daripada varieti bagi varieti serupa bagi varieti calon
varieti calon serupa
Describe the expression of the
Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for
Denomination(s) of Characteristic(s) in which your characteristic(s) for the similar your candidate variety
variety(ies) similar to your candidate variety differs from the variety(ies)
candidate variety similar variety(ies)

Contoh Isi: warna utama kuning cerah kuning

Example Flesh: predominant colour light yellow yellow

[………………………..]

Komen :
Comments

# 7. MAKLUMAT TAMBAHAN YANG BOLEH MEMBANTU DALAM PEMERIKSAAN VARIETI

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION WHICH MAY HELP IN THE EXAMINATION OF THE VARIETY
31
 7.1 Selain maklumat yang diberi dalam bahagian 5 dan bahagian 6, adakah apa-apa ciri tambahan yang boleh
membantu untuk membezakan varieti?
In addition to the information provided in sections 5 and 6, are there any additional characteristics which may
help to distinguish the variety?

Ada Tiada
Yes No

(Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ...............................................................................................................

(If yes, please provide details) ………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….

7.2 Adakah apa-apa syarat khusus bagi menanam varieti atau menjalankan pemeriksaan?
Are there any special conditions for growing the variety or conducting the examination?

Ada Tiada
Yes No

(Jika ada, berikan butir-butir) ...............................................................................................................

(If yes, please provide details) ………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………….
7.3 Maklumat lain
Other information

7.4 Gambar berwarna yang mewakili varieti perlu disertakan bersama Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal ini.
A representative colour photograph of the variety should accompany the Technical Questionnaire.

# Pihak berkuasa mungkin membenarkan maklumat tertentu ini diberi dalam bahagian sulit Borang Soal Selidik Teknikal.
Authority may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire.

8. KEBENARAN PENGELUARAN
AUTHORIZATION FOR RELEASE

8. (a) Adakah varieti memerlukan kebenaran sebelum pengeluaran di bawah undang-undang berhubung dengan
perlindungan alam sekitar, kesihatan manusia dan kesihatan haiwan?
Does the variety require prior authorization for release under legislation concerning the protection of the environment, human
and animal health?

Ya Tidak
Yes No

(b) Adakah kebenaran itu telah diperoleh?

Has such authorization been obtained?
Ya Tidak
Yes No

Jika jawapan kepada (b) ialah ya, sila kepilkan satu salinan kebenaran tersebut.
If the answer to (b) is yes, please attach a copy of the authorization.
9. MAKLUMAT BAHAN TUMBUHAN UNTUK DIPERIKSA ATAU DISERAH BAGI PEMERIKSAAN
INFORMATION ON PLANT MATERIAL TO BE EXAMINED OR SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION

32
9.1 Ekspresi satu ciri atau beberapa ciri varieti mungkin terjejas oleh faktor seperti haiwan perosak dan penyakit,
rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan atau pestisid), kesan kultur tisu,pokok penanti yang
berlainan, sion yang diambil daripada fasa pertumbuhan pokok yang berlainan dan lain-lain.

The expression of a characteristic or several characteristics of a variety may be affected by factors, such as pests
and disease, chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardants or pesticides), effects of tissue culture, different rootstocks,
scions taken from different growth phases of a tree, etc

9.2 Bahan tanaman tidak seharusnya melalui apa-apa rawatan yang menjejaskan ekspresi ciri varieti, kecuali pihak
berkuasa yang kompeten telah membenarkan atau meminta rawatan sedemikian. Jika bahan tanaman telah melalui
rawatan sedemikian, butir-butir penuh bagi rawatan mestilah diberikan. Berhubung dengan hal ini, sila tunjukkan di
bawah ini, sepanjang yang anda ketahui, sekiranya bahan tanaman untuk diperiksa itu:

The plant material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the
characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authority allows or requests such treatment. If the plant material
has undergone such treatment, full details of the treatment must be given. In this respect, please indicate below, to
the best of your knowledge, if the plant material to be examined has been subjected to:

(a) terdedah kepada mikroorganisma (contohnya virus, bakteria, fitoplasma)

Microorganisms (e.g. virus, bacteria, phytoplasma)

Ya
Yes …………....................................................................................................................
Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan.
Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“
Tidak
No

(b) menjalani rawatan kimia (contohnya bahan pembantut pertumbuhan, pestisid)

Chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardant, pesticide)

Ya
Yes …………....................................................................................................................
Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan.
Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“
Tidak
No

(c) dijalankan kultur tisu

tissue culture

Ya
Yes …………....................................................................................................................
Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan.
Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“
Tidak
No

(d) disebabkan faktor lain

other factors

Ya
Yes …………....................................................................................................................
Sila berikan butir-butir bagi jawapan “ya” yang anda berikan.
Please provide details for where you have indicated "yes“
Tidak
No
10. PENGESAHAN
DECLARATION

Saya dengan ini mengesahkan, sepanjang yang saya ketahui, bahawa maklumat yang diberi dalam borang ini adalah
33
betul.
I hereby declare that, to the best of my knowledge, the information provided in this form is correct.

_____________________________
Tandatangan
Signature

Nama pemohon : __________________________________

Applicant's name

Tarikh : __________________________________
Date

PENGHARGAAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

34
 Jabatan Pertanian mengucapkan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan kepada Ketua
Pengarah Pertanian dan terima kasih kepada Pengarah Bahagian Kawalan Kualiti Tanaman,
Pn. Hjh. Norma Othman serta kakitangannya atas daya usaha dan inisiatif yang diambil bagi
penyediaan Garis Panduan ini.

Department of Agriculture would like to express greatest gratitude to Director General of

Department and thanks to Director of Crop Quality Control Division, Mrs. Hjh. Norma Othman and
her staff for the hard work and initiative taken in preparing the Test Guidelines.

Penghargaan juga ingin disampaikan kepada pakar-pakar tanaman,

Appreciation also goes to our crop experts,

(1) En. (Mr.) Johari Sarip (MARDI)

(2) En. (Mr.) Esa Sulaiman (DOA)

atas sumbangan pandangan yang membina dan komitmen tidak terhingga bagi menjayakan
penghasilan Garis Panduan ini.

upon contribution of constructive opinion and endless commitment towards the success of the
development of the Test Guidelines.

[Dokumen Tamat]
[End of Document]

35