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    Domestic Violence Group Action Project

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    Maria Theresa Deluna Macairan
    This document outlines several theories that attempt to explain the causes of domestic violence. These include: 1. The Culture of Violence Theory, which suggests that subcultures that support patriarchal dominance and violence against women can lead to higher rates of family violence. 2. The Ecological Theory, which links family violence to broader social and environmental factors like culture, social networks, family circumstances, and history. 3. The Evolutionary Theory, which argues that as societies have become more complex and nuclear family structures have emerged, reliance on physical punishment to ensure obedience has increased in some hierarchical societies. 4. Feminist Theory views domestic violence as stemming from male domination over women and the devaluation

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    Domestic Violence Group Action Project

    Uploaded by

    Maria Theresa Deluna Macairan
    73 views3 pages
    This document outlines several theories that attempt to explain the causes of domestic violence. These include: 1. The Culture of Violence Theory, which suggests that subcultures that support patriarchal dominance and violence against women can lead to higher rates of family violence. 2. The Ecological Theory, which links family violence to broader social and environmental factors like culture, social networks, family circumstances, and history. 3. The Evolutionary Theory, which argues that as societies have become more complex and nuclear family structures have emerged, reliance on physical punishment to ensure obedience has increased in some hierarchical societies. 4. Feminist Theory views domestic violence as stemming from male domination over women and the devaluation

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    This document outlines several theories that attempt to explain the causes of domestic violence. These include: 1. The Culture of Violence Theory, which suggests that subcultures that support patriarchal dominance and violence against women can lead to higher rates of family violence. 2. The Ecological Theory, which links family violence to broader social and environmental factors like culture, social networks, family circumstances, and history. 3. The Evolutionary Theory, which argues that as societies have become more complex and nuclear family structures have emerged, reliance on physical punishment to ensure obedience has increased in some hierarchical societies. 4. Feminist Theory views domestic violence as stemming from male domination over women and the devaluation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    73 views3 pages

    Domestic Violence Group Action Project

    Uploaded by

    Maria Theresa Deluna Macairan
    This document outlines several theories that attempt to explain the causes of domestic violence. These include: 1. The Culture of Violence Theory, which suggests that subcultures that support patriarchal dominance and violence against women can lead to higher rates of family violence. 2. The Ecological Theory, which links family violence to broader social and environmental factors like culture, social networks, family circumstances, and history. 3. The Evolutionary Theory, which argues that as societies have become more complex and nuclear family structures have emerged, reliance on physical punishment to ensure obedience has increased in some hierarchical societies. 4. Feminist Theory views domestic violence as stemming from male domination over women and the devaluation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    Domestic Violence Group Action Project

    Domestic Violence: Theories of


    Causation
    Many theories have existed and evolved over time to attempt
    Home to grasp the reasons for unrestrained (and often
    Surviving Domestic Violence unrestrainable) violence in human society. This analysis of
    Resources for Counselors and
    Others Working With Survivors
    violence ranges from the macro level (wars, government,
    Resources for Educators repression, etc) to acts between the couple and the
    Social Roles and Gender individual. Such efforts to define violence, particularly
    Identities of Men partner violence (which integrates complex interrelations of
    Contributing Factors of
    Domestic Violence gender and sexuality) need to be investigated within the
    Men Speaking About Male context of their respective societies. Here is a sampling of
    Messages
    the different theories that exist.
    Domestic Violence: Theories
    of Causation
    The Criminal Justice Response Theory #1 (Culture of Violence Theory): Idea that in large, pluralistic
    General Resources and Links societies, some subcultures develop norms that permit the use of physical
    violence to a greater degree than the dominant culture. Thus family violence
    will occur more frequently in violent societies than in peaceful ones. Peer-
    relationships that support patriarchal dominance in the family and use of
    violence to support it are exemplary of this subculture. This theory has also
    produced the theories that examples from pornography and violent images on
    TV can support a "culture of violence" against women.

    Theory#2 (Ecological Theory): This theory attempts to link violence in


    the family to the broader social environment. This includes the culture, the
    formal and informal social networks of the family, the closer family setting and
    circumstances, and the family history. This type of framework sets up a basis
    for a risk-theory of domestic assault based on the given criteria.

    Theory#3 (Evolutionay Theory): This theory posits that as societies


    have changed from the relatively simple to the more complex, families have
    become smaller and nuclear in form and social relations have become more
    structured and thereby, more ambiguous. These changed circumstances
    result in different styles of parenting - for example, in tighter family networks
    less independence is granted to children and instead there is a reliance on
    physical punishment to secure obedience. This theory argues that obedience
    is valued most in highly structured hierarchical societies where a lot of activity
    occurs in formal social encounters outside the home.

    Theory#4 (Feminist Theory): THere are many different ideas within


    feminist theory of domestic violence, but M.Bograd in Feminist Perspectives
    on Wife Abuse has identified four common strains. These are 1) that as the
    dominant class, men have differential access to material and symbolic
    resources and women are devalued as secondary and inferior 2) intimate
    partner abuse is a predictable and common dimension of normal family life 3)
    women's experiences are often defined as inferior because male domination
    influences all aspects of life 4) the feminist perspective is dedicated to
    advocacy for women.
    On the individual and couple level, different theories that integrate more
    psychological, sociological and biological perspectives exist:

    Biopsychosocial Perspective: This theory is an attempt to tie together


    biological (testosterone levels, alcohol abuse) factors, social factors such as
    the level of social stress, quality of the relationship, the income and extent of
    social support available; and psychological (antisocial tendencies, hostility,
    egocentrism, need for gratification or attention).

    Exchange Theory: People hit and abuse each other because it achieves a
    certain goal and the benefit outweighs the cost. For example, if a husband is
    likely to suffer social censure and castigation, he may be less inclined to use
    violence as a means of control.

    Investment Theory: This theory examines the causes for commitment for
    relationships, which include anticipated relationship satisfaction, the negative
    function of perceived alternatives, and amount that has already been
    invested. These investments may be emotional, social, or financial.

    Resource Theory: Posits that the decision making power within an given
    family derives from the value of the resources that each person brings to the
    relationship. This may indicate resources both financial, social and
    organizational.

    Social Learning Theory: Family violence arises due to many contextual


    and situational factors. Contextual factors include individual/couple
    characteristics, stress, violence in the family, or an aggressive
    personality. Situational factors include substance abuse and financial
    difficulties. Social learning theory also extends these factors onto the
    influence of children growing up within a combination of these external forces.

    Marital Power Theory: Hypothesis that power falls into three realms:
    power bases, power processes and power outcomes. Power bases consist of
    the assets and resources that provide the bases for one partner's domination
    over another. Power processes include the interactional techniques that an
    individual uses to gain control, such as negotiation, assertiveness and
    problem-solving. Power outcome refers to who actually makes the
    decision. According to this theory, those partners who lack power will be more
    likely to physically abuse.

    Traumatic Bonding Theory: This theory seeks to explain why women


    remain with men who beat them. Two features have been recognized: the
    existence of a power imbalance within the relationship, so that the batterer
    perceives him or herself as dominating the other, and the intermittent nature of
    the abuse. This theory postulates that as these power relationships polarize
    over time, the powerless individual in the relationship becomes increasingly
    dependent on the dominator. In addition, moments in between abuse are
    times when positive displays of love and affection cement the legitimacy of the
    relationship. The Stockholm Syndrome, suggested by Dutton and Golant,
    gives a variety of common experiences: The victim is intensel grateful for small
    kindness shown to him/her by the abuser, victim rationalizes acts of violence,
    victim denies his/her own anger, victim feels the need to "get inside the
    abuser's head" in order to know how to please, the victim often sees the world
    from the abusers perspective, and the victim shows signs of Post-Traumatic
    Stress Disorder.

    Loue, Sana Intimate Partner Violence: Societal, Medical, Legal and Individual Responses. New
    York: Kluwer Academic/Plenium Publishers, 2001.

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