Simatic S7-Graph

Automation– and Drive Technology- SCE
Training document for the company-wide

automation solution
Totally Integrated Automation (T I A)
MODULE C1
Sequencer programming with S7-GRAPH
T I A Training document Page 1 of 66 Module C1

Last revision: 02/2002 Sequencer programming with S7-GRAPH
This document was provided by Siemens A&D SCE (automation and drive technology, Siemens A&D
Cooperates with Education) for training purposes. Siemens does not make any type of guarantee regarding its
contents.
The passing on or duplication of this document, including the use and report of its contents, is only permitted
within public and training facilities.
Exceptions require written permission by Siemens A&D SCE (Mr. Knust: E-Mail:
[email protected]). Offences are subject to possible payment for damages caused. All rights are
reserved for translation and any case of patenting or GM entry.
We thank the company Michael Dziallas Engineering and the instructors of vocational schools as well as further
persons for the support with the production of the document.

PAGE:
1. Forward................................................................................................................. 6
2. Notes for the Operation of S7-GRAPH............................................................... 8
3. Installation of the S7-GRAPH Software ............................................................. 8
4. Sequential Control Systems ............................................................................... 9

4.1 Time-dependent sequential control system ........................................................... 9
4.2 Processor-dependent sequential control system ................................................... 10
5. Display Possibilities of Motion Executions and Signal States........................ 11

5.1 Description of the control tasks.............................................................................. 12
5.2 Inscription in chronological order ........................................................................... 13
5.3 Table mode ............................................................................................................ 13
5.4 Short representation .............................................................................................. 13
5.5 Motion chart ........................................................................................................... 14
5.6.1 Path-step chart....................................................................................................... 14
5.5.2 Path-time chart....................................................................................................... 14
6. Development of a Cutting Apparatus................................................................. 15

6.1 Assignment of the signal elements ........................................................................ 15
6.2 Assignment of the work elements.......................................................................... 15
6.3 Function chart in DIN 40719 Part 6........................................................................ 15
6.4 Function chart of the cutting apparatus.................................................................. 16

PAGE:
7. Generation of an S7-GRAPH Program ............................................................... 17

7.1 Starting SIMATIC- Manager and generating a new project ................................... 17
7.2 Inserting a SIMATIC 300-Station and opening hardware configuration................. 18
7.3 Configuring hardware and transferring in automation equipment.......................... 19
7.4 Generating a symbol table and inputting symbols ................................................. 20
7.5 Entering a S7-GRAPH Function Block................................................................... 21
7.6 Opening S7-GRAPH and inputting sequencers.................................................... 22
7.7 The principle of a sequencer.................................................................................. 23
7.8 Active step.............................................................................................................. 23
7.9 Elements of a sequencer ....................................................................................... 23
7.10 Generation of a sequencer in the function chart .................................................... 24
7.11 Setting characteristics of the Organization Block and opening OB1...................... 33
7.12 Editing Organization Block OB1 and downloading blocks into a module............... 34
8. Debug- and Diagnostic Functions ..................................................................... 35

8.1 Monitoring of the sequencer .................................................................................. 35
8.2 Variable Monitor/Modify ......................................................................................... 35
8.3 Control sequencer.................................................................................................. 34
8.4 Synchronization...................................................................................................... 37
8.5 Diagnostic functions............................................................................................... 39
9. Development of the Cutting Apparatus with Additional Marginal Conditions 44

9.1 Description of the marginal conditions ................................................................... 41
9.2 Assignment of the signal elements ........................................................................ 42
9.3 Assignment of the work elements and indicator light............................................. 42
9.4 Insertion of marginal conditions in the control program ......................................... 43
9.5 Hierarchy of the marginal conditions...................................................................... 43

PAGE:
10. Programming of the Additional Marginal Conditions ...................................... 45

10.1 Opening a symbol table and adding symbols ........................................................ 45
10.2 Generation of a function FC1 for the marginal conditions ..................................... 46
10.3 Opening function FC1 and entering networks........................................................ 47
10.4 Opening Function Block FB1 and carrying out modifications ................................ 50
10.5 Additional actions and results ................................................................................ 53
10.6 Setting block settings ............................................................................................. 55
10.7 Accepting block settings and saving Function Block FB1...................................... 56
10.8 Organization Block OB1 modification .................................................................... 57
10.9 Transfer of the program into the module ............................................................... 60
11. Parameters of the S7-GRAPH-FB ....................................................................... 61

11.1 Parameter sets of the FB ....................................................................................... 61
11.2 Input parameters of the S7-GRAPH-FB ................................................................ 62
11.3 Output parameters of the S7-GRAPH-FB.............................................................. 65
The following symbols stand for the specified modules:
Information
Programming
Notes

1. FORWARD
The module C1 is assigned content wise to Sequencer programming.
Basics of
STEP 7- Programming
2 - 3 days A modules
Additional functions of
STEP 7- Programming
2- 3 days B modules
Industrial field bus Sequencer Process

systems programming visualization
2- 3 days D Modules 2- 3 days C modules 2- 3 days F modules
IT- Communication
with SIMATIC S7
1- 2 days E modules
Learning goal:
In this module, the reader will learn the programming of a sequential control system with the graphic
programming tool S7-GRAPH. The module shows the principle procedure in the following steps by
means of a detailed example.
· Installation of the software

· Performance of types from the sequential control system and the representation possibilities
from movement sequences, switch states, signal flow and motion charts.
· Generation of a simple movement execution displayed as a path step chart and as a
function chart by means of a programming example.
· The pertinent sequential control system is examined as a sequencer program in S7-GRAPH.
With the help of the debug- and diagnostic functions, the mode of operation of the generated
program can be checked.
· Through a modifier of the task position with additional marginal conditions, further functions
from S7-GRAPH are arranged .
Forward Installation Sequent. control system Representation Configuration Debug functions Marginal conditions FB- Parameters

Requirements:
For the successful use of this module, the following knowledge is assumed:
· Knowledge in the use of Windows 95/98/2000/ME/NT4.0
· Basics of PLC- Programming with STEP 7 (e.g. Module A3 – ‘Startup’
PLC- Programming with STEP 7)
Required hardware and software
1 PC, Operating system Windows 95/98/2000/ME/NT4.0 with

- Minimal: 133MHz and 64MB RAM, approx. 65 MB free hard disk space
- Optimal: 500MHz and 128MB RAM, approx. 65MB free hard disk space
2 Software STEP 7 V 5.x
3 Software S7-GRAPH V5.x
4 MPI- Interface for the PC (e.g. PC- Adapter)
5 PLC SIMATIC S7-300 with at least one digital in- and output module. The inputs must be lead
through a functional unit.
Example configuration:
- Power supply: PS 307 2A
- CPU: CPU 314
- Digital inputs: DI 16x DC24V
- Digital outputs: DO 16x DC24V / 0.5 A
2 STEP 7
1 PC
4 PC Adapter
3 S7-GRAPH
5 SIMATIC S7-300

2. NOTES FOR THE OPERATION OF S7- GRAPH
With the programming language S7-GRAPH, the function range of STEP 7 is extended to a graphic
programming possibility for sequential control systems. With S7-GRAPH you can clearly and quickly
program a sequential control system. The process is divided into single steps and the execution is
plotted.
In the single steps, the required actions are specified. The continued switching conditions to the
respective next step (transitions) can be provided in the programming language LAD or FBD. The
programming language S7-GRAPH corresponds to the specified execution language SFC
“Sequential Function Chart”. in the Norm DIN EN 61131-3 (IEC 61131-3).
With the operation of S7-GRAPH, the following should be considered:

- The software package STEP 7 professional version (not STEP 7 Mini!) is required
- The provided programs are executable on CPUs of the SIMATIC S7-300 and S7-400.
- Due to the increased storage requirement of the program’s applications, only the CPUs starting
from CPU 315 are used.
- For training purposes, simple sequencers can start from CPU 314/314-IFM, as presented in
this example document.
3. INSTALLATION OF THE S7-GRAPH SOFTWARE
S7-graph is an option package to STEP 7, thus it assumes that the professional version of STEP 7 is
already installed on your computer. (see module A2-Installation of STEP 7 V5.x/handling of
authorizing). S7-graph is delivered on CD ROM with an enclosed disk, which contains an
authorization, that must be transferred to the PC in order to make the use of S7-GRAPH possible.
This authorization disk can also be used on another PC or can be copied in order to authorize the
software. For the topic of installation and transmission of authorization, please refer to module A2
(Installation of STEP 7 V5.x/handling of authorization).
To install S7-GRAPH, please proceed to the following measures.
1. Place the S7-GRAPH CD in the CD- ROM drive.

2. The setup program should start automatically. If not, it can be started by double clicking on the
setup.exe executable file on the CD. The setup program will guide you through the whole
installation process of the S7-GRAPH software.
3. In order to use the professional version of S7-GRAPH, the software must be authorized on your
computer. The files from the authorization disk must be transferred onto the PC. This process
will execute at the end of the software installation. A dialog window will appear and ask you if
you would like to authorize the software. If Yes is selected, the authorization disk must be
inserted in order to transfer the proper files to the PC.

4. SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
A sequential control system is a controller with inevitable step by step execution, in which the further
phases from a step depend on further conditions, which take place on the next planned step. The
step sequence can be programmed in a special way, e.g. with jumps, loops, branches.
With S7-GRAPH, sequential control systems can be programmed, so that the step by step sequence
can be very simply and quickly graphically displayed.
There are two types of sequential control systems:
4.1 Time-dependent sequential control system
By the time-dependent sequential control system, the further operating conditions are only dependent
on time. For the creation of the further conditions, e.g. timers, time counters, drum controllers or
CAM mats with a continuous number of revolutions can be used.
Forward Installation Sequent. control system Representation Configuration Debug functions Marginal conditions FB-Parameters

4.2 Processor-dependent sequential control system
By the processor dependent sequential control system, the further operating conditions are only
dependent on the signals of the controlled system. For the creation of the signals, signal element like
a limit switch, switch, button or sensors can be used. The required signals can also be operated on
with timer functions.
Cutting apparatus
With operation of the start-valve, the cylinder of the cutting apparatus extends. After reaching the
front end position, the limit switch is actuated and the cylinder automatically retracts.

5. DISPLAY POSSIBILITIES OF MOTION EXECUTION AND SIGNAL STATES
Cooperating work and control elements can be clearly pointed out through suitable representation
possibilities. Even with the sophisticated setting of tasks, the connections are still recognized as fast
and safe. Besides a simple representation of motion executions and switch states, it also makes the
communication of different experts in a large framework possible.
Possible display forms of motion executions and signal states
- Description of the control tasks

The control sequence is described in the form of text.
- Inscription in chronological order

The control sequence is represented in short lines.
- Table mode
The step by step execution is queued in a table.
- Short representation
The sequence can be quickly and simply displayed by a simplified display of the motions.
- Motion chart
With help from the path-step and path-time charts, the motion execution is displayed graphically.
A better overview of the connections is given.
- Function chart
A process orientated representation of the control problem. The function chart replaces or
supplements the verbal description and represents a control problem with its substantial
characteristics and respective applications clearly. S7-GRAPH is a programming language that
basically corresponds to a function chart.
By means of a program example, the different display possibilities will be described.

5.1 Description of the control tasks
A controller for a cutting apparatus is to be sketched. With the cooperation of a supply unit and a
cutting apparatus, the rod material will be shortened. The material follows through the feed cylinder
(cylinder B), which moves along the pneumatic clamping device (cylinder A). If the material is
pushed up against an end stopper, it is held by the clamp (cylinder C). At the same time, the cutting
procedure can begin (cylinder D), and afterwards, the opening of the clamping device (cylinder A)
take place. The clamping device (cylinder A) is opened so it goes back into the starting
position(cylinder B). If the cutting procedure is terminated (cylinder D) and the supply unit has
reached the starting position, then the clamp (cylinder C) will be opened and it can begin a new
working execution. The start is released by the actuation of the START-button, if all cylinders are in
the rear end position.

5.2 Inscription in chronological order
Cylinder A extends and closes the clamping device,

Cylinder B extends and pushes the material to the end stopper.
Cylinder C extends and clamps the rod material in the cutting apparatus.
Cylinder A retracts (the clamp device opens) and cylinder D extends (Cut),
Cylinder B retracts (the feed device returns to starting position) and cylinder D retracts,
Cylinder C retracts and opens the clamp device.
5.3 Table mode
Step Cylinder A Cylinder B Cylinder C Cylinder D

1 Forward - - -
2 - Forward - -
3 - - Forward -
4 Back - - Forward
5 - Back - Back
6 - - Back -
5.4 Short representation
For the motion sequence it is often insignificant which tasks with a movement are satisfied, so a
motion sequence can also be used for many different controls. By more extensive controls, the
motion sequence should first be described in short representation, since a quick overview of the
movements is given here.
By short representation, movement names are assigned.
Name for the extension or forward travel of a cylinder: +

Name for the retraction or return travel of a cylinder: -
For motors, M+ can be used for moving right, M- for left and M* for stop.
Parallel movements are written in short representation.
For our program example short representation is represented as follows:
A- B-
A+ B+ C+ D+ D- C-

5.5 Motion chart
5.5.1 Path-step chart
Here the working execution of a work element is represented and as a function of the respective
steps (step: A change of the condition of any physical unit), the setback way is applied. If several
work elements are available for a control, then they are represented in the same way and drawn one
under another. The relation is produced by the steps. With the path-step chart, the distance of the
step lines is always alike. Additionally the signal lines can be registered into the path-step chart.
For our example, the path step-chart appears in the following dimensions .
Build element
State
1 2 3 4 5 6 7=1
Step line
1
S
AND- A
Operation
Binary signal State line
0
1 Function line
B
0
Signal line
1
C
0 Limit switch
1
D
0
5.5.2 Path-time chart
The path-time chart is a path-step chart by which the additional course of the movements is
essentially pointed out by a time border at the lower end of the diagram. There the duration of a
movement can be read. The distance of the step lines changes depending upon the required time.
The number of steps and the kind of movements remain unchanged.

6. DEVELOPMENT OF A CUTTING APPARATUS
For the developing of a cutting apparatus, a function chart should be generated after the assignment
of the signal elements and work elements.
6.1 Assignment of the signal elements
S0 Start-Button
S1 a0 Limit switch cyl. A retraction
S2 a1 Limit switch cyl. A extension
S3 b0 Limit switch cyl. B retraction
S4 b1 Limit switch cyl. B extension
S5 c0 Limit switch cyl. C retraction
S6 c1 Limit switch cyl. C extension
S7 d0 Limit switch cyl. D retraction
S8 d1 Limit switch cyl. D extension
6.2 Assignment of the work elements
Y1 Solenoid valve for cylinder A ext/ret

Y2 Solenoid valve for cylinder B ext/ret
Y3 Solenoid valve for cylinder C ext/ret
Y4 Solenoid valve for cylinder D ext/ret
6.3 Function chart in DIN EN 61131-3 (IEC 61131-3)
The function chart is a process orientated representation of a control problem, independent of the
realization of e.g. the used equipment. It facilitates a cooperating of different technical disciplines,
e.g. mechanical engineering, pneumatics, hydraulics, process engineering, electrical engineering,
electronics etc.. A control problem is clearly represented with its substantial characteristics in a basic
structure (step field) and with the details in a fine structure (instruction field) necessary for respective
application.
Note
Since the cutting apparatus can work in two separate stations(feed station and cutting apparatus), a
function chart with a simultaneous branch must be provided.

6.4 Function chart of the cutting apparatus in DIN EN 61131-3 (IEC 61131-3)
Initial step
1
S0 Start
S7 d0 cyl. D retraction
S5 c0 cyl. C retraction
S3 b0 cyl. B retraction
&
S1 a0 cyl. A retraction
S Cylinder A extraction
2
S2 a1
S Cylinder B extraction
3
S4 b1
S Cylinder C extraction
4
S6 c1
R cyl. A ret. S cyl. D ext.

5 6
S1 a0 S8 d1
R cyl. B ret. R cyl. D ret.

7 8
S3 b0
&
S7 d0
R cylinder C retraction
9

7. GENERATION OF AN S7-GRAPH PROGRAM
From the function chart, an executable S7-GRAPH program will be provided.
7.1 Starting SIMATIC Manager and generating a new project
1. Click on the symbol New.

2. Give a project name.
3. Click on OK.

7.2 Inserting a SIMATIC 300-Station and opening hardware configuration
1. Highlight project name Cutting apparatus.

2. Click on Insert.
3. Choose a Station.
4. Click on SIMATIC 300-Station.
5. Choose SIMATIC 300(1).
6. Double click on Hardware.

7.3 Configuring hardware and transferring in automation equipment
1. Enter hardware components.

2. Save and Compile.
3. Download hardware to Module.
4. Close window.
Note
The represented hardware configuration is an example.
Depending on the used automation equipment, a separate hardware configuration should be made.

7.4 Generating a symbol table and inputting symbols
1. Open CPU 314 node tree and click on S7-Program(1) .

2. Double click on Symbols.
3. Enter symbol table.
4. Save symbol table.
5. Close window.
Note
The address of the operands must be adjusted to the respective automation devices.

7.5 Inserting S7-GRAPH function blocks
1. Open S7-Program node tree and click on Blocks.

2. Click on Insert.
3. Choose S7-Block.
4. Click on Function block.
5. Choose GRAPH Created in Language.
6. Click on OK.

7.6 Opening S7-GRAPH and inputting sequencers.
1. Click Blocks.
2. Double click on FB1.
The S7-GRAPH will open.
Actions (Instruction field)
Step field
The first step of the sequencer is inserted

automatically in the block. This step is
recognized as the initial step and is active at
the start of the sequencer.
Transition
(Further switch condition)
Error messages and warnings

7.7 The principle of a sequencer
A sequencer consists of a series of steps, which are activated in a fixed order dependent on the
conditions by further switching.
The editing of a sequencer always begins with an initial step or with several initial steps, that stand in
an arbitrary place in the sequencer. As long as the actions of a step are implemented, the step is
active. During execution of several steps, all are active at the same time.
A step is left, when all possible lined up errors are repaired and/or confirmed and the following
transition is performed to the step.
The next step which follows the performed transition becomes active.
At the end of a sequencer rests a jump to any step of the sequencer or another sequencer of the FB.
Thus a cyclic operation of the sequencer is possible. At the end of the sequencer rests a chain end.
The execution ends with the reaching of the chain end.
7.8 Active step
An active step is a step, whose actions are directly being worked.

The step is active:
· When the conditions of the preceding transition have been accomplished or

· When it is defined as an initial step and the sequencer was initialized
· When it is called through an event dependent action.
7.9 Elements of a sequencer
Step + transition Open simultaneous branch
Jump
Close simultaneous branch
Branch stop Open alternative branch
Sequencer insert Close alternative branch

7.10 Generation of a sequencer in the function chart
7.10.1 First step
1. Double click on Block comment and Step description and enter information.
2. Click on the Input of the Transition.
3. Insert an And symbol.
4. Add additional bin. inputs.
5. Enter operands on the And-symbol.

6. Right click on Transition T1.

7. Click on Step + Transition under Insert New Element.
The second step is entered.

7.10.2 Second step
1. Click on Description field and enter step description.

2. Enter Action .
3. Double click on the action to be performed or click on it with the right-mouse button and choose
Object Properties.
4. Enter transition.
Possible event
S Set operand
R Reset operand
N Don’t save
D Delay
L Limited time
Possible standard
instruction

7.10.3 Third and fourth step
1. Click on Transition T2.

2. Click on Step + Transition two times in order to insert Step S3 and Step S4.
3. Enter step descriptions and actions.
4. Enter transitions.

The next steps are inserted with a branch.
There are two types of branches
The alternative branch,
It is inserted after the selected step and begins with a transition.

The steps of an alternative branch are only worked on if the transition is accomplished.
The branch can be closed, either to the left to a transition or terminated with branch end.
Close alternative branch.
branch end.
The simultaneous branch,
It is inserted after the selected transition and begins with a step.

The steps of a simultaneous branch must be worked on, since they will continuously run parallel to
the basic steps.
The branch must be closed to the left to a step.
Close simultaneous branch.

7.10.4 Inserting a branch
In order to insert branches, it is better to change into the overviews representation.
In order to generate a simultaneous branch, the following actions must be performed:

2. Insert Step + Transition (Step S5 and Transition T5 are inserted).
4. Click on Simultaneous Branch open (Step S6 is inserted).
7. Click on Step S6.
10. Click on Simultaneous Branch close.
For the inputing of the actions and transitions, one should change to the one page representation.

7.10.5 Entering actions and transitions of the Step S5 to Step S8 and the entering of the last step
1. Change to One page representation (80%).

2. Enter actions.
3. Enter transitions.
5. Insert Step + Transition.

7.10.6 Editing the last step and inserting a return to the first step
1. Enter step description and action.

2. Enter transition.
4. Insert jump.
5. Insert S1 at the jump point or click on Step S1, so that the jump goal is inserted.

7.10.7 Block-Characteristics setting and saving finished blocks
Before saving the block, the block settings should be modified.
1. Click on Options.
2. Click on Block Settings.
3. Set the FB Paramenter to Minium.

4. Set executability to Full code so that the standard FCs are contained in the function block.
5. Click on Synchronization.
6. Click OK.
7. Save the block.
8. Close S7-GRAPH.
Note
If there are still errors, then it cannot be not be stored in the block. An incorrect block can be
generated only as source. When storing the block, a pertinent data block and the SFC64 are
produced. Both are copied into the block list.

7.11 Setting characteristics of the Organization Block and opening OB1
1. Click on Blocks .
2. Double click on OB1.
3. In the properties of the Organization block select FBD as created in language.
4. Click OK.
Note
If the OB1 is not automatically opened after the adjustment of the properties, then the OB1 must be
double clicked once again in the block list.

7.12 Editing Organization Block OB1 and downloading blocks into a module
1. Enter block and network headings.

2. Click on the entry field
3. Open Program Elements.
4. Insert FB1 through a double click.
5. Enter DB1.
6. Save block OB1.
7. Close LAD/STL/FBD.
8. Click on Block and blocks and Download module.
After the transferring of the blocks into the module, the program can be debugged.


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Automation– and Drive Technology- SCE

Training document for the company-wide

T I A Training document Page 1 of 66 Module C1

T I A Training document Page 2 of 66 Module C1

2. Notes for the Operation of S7-GRAPH............................................................... 8

3. Installation of the S7-GRAPH Software ............................................................. 8

4. Sequential Control Systems ............................................................................... 9

5. Display Possibilities of Motion Executions and Signal States........................ 11

6. Development of a Cutting Apparatus................................................................. 15

T I A Training document Page 3 of 66 Module C1

7. Generation of an S7-GRAPH Program ............................................................... 17

8. Debug- and Diagnostic Functions ..................................................................... 35

9. Development of the Cutting Apparatus with Additional Marginal Conditions 44

T I A Training document Page 4 of 66 Module C1

10. Programming of the Additional Marginal Conditions ...................................... 45

11. Parameters of the S7-GRAPH-FB ....................................................................... 61

The following symbols stand for the specified modules:

T I A Training document Page 5 of 66 Module C1

The module C1 is assigned content wise to Sequencer programming.

Industrial field bus Sequencer Process

· Installation of the software

T I A Training document Page 6 of 66 Module C1

Required hardware and software

1 PC, Operating system Windows 95/98/2000/ME/NT4.0 with

T I A Training document Page 7 of 66 Module C1

2. NOTES FOR THE OPERATION OF S7- GRAPH

With the operation of S7-GRAPH, the following should be considered:

3. INSTALLATION OF THE S7-GRAPH SOFTWARE

To install S7-GRAPH, please proceed to the following measures.

1. Place the S7-GRAPH CD in the CD- ROM drive.

T I A Training document Page 8 of 66 Module C1

4. SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

There are two types of sequential control systems:

4.1 Time-dependent sequential control system

T I A Training document Page 9 of 66 Module C1

4.2 Processor-dependent sequential control system

T I A Training document Page 10 of 66 Module C1

5. DISPLAY POSSIBILITIES OF MOTION EXECUTION AND SIGNAL STATES

Possible display forms of motion executions and signal states

- Description of the control tasks

- Inscription in chronological order

By means of a program example, the different display possibilities will be described.

T I A Training document Page 11 of 66 Module C1

5.1 Description of the control tasks

T I A Training document Page 12 of 66 Module C1

5.2 Inscription in chronological order

Cylinder A extends and closes the clamping device,

5.3 Table mode

Step Cylinder A Cylinder B Cylinder C Cylinder D

5.4 Short representation

By short representation, movement names are assigned.

Name for the extension or forward travel of a cylinder: +

For our program example short representation is represented as follows:

T I A Training document Page 13 of 66 Module C1

5.5 Motion chart

5.5.1 Path-step chart

5.5.2 Path-time chart

T I A Training document Page 14 of 66 Module C1