BOLTED CONNECTIONSDesign of Connec Grades of bolts Bolt Ordinary Bolt sign eB doit grade 4.6 |4.8 |5.6 |5.8 |6.8 | 8&8 | 10.9 Fy, (t\ em?)| 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.0 |4.0 | 48 | 6.4 | 9.0 Fiu,(t\ cm?)| 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 8.0 | 10.0 T T T T T T T i i i i i i Lo---4----1 J Lo---4 Loa Mild steel High tensile Steel Fy, —> Yield stress for the bolt fs Fu,—> Ultimate stress for the bolt Categories of bolted connections Catego’ ‘A Bearing type connection with non—pretensioned bolts . Category (B) Slip—critical connection with high strength pretensioned bolts . Catego ¢. Bearing type connection with high strength pretensioned bolts . + ES y BU poll gays Le 4 gd! gy! Lys odyType (A) Non-—pretensioned bolts (Bearing type connection) dype USS 9 ylawall Ugsbo db jlowall dary py SILogll Ge ggill hia od GIS Aol! ode gi yyaleall Leglie 95 CUA 5 Plates JI claus! LatawodLe 1 Ot pho Wl Garb Ge yall 855 Aeylie -1 -Rshear 3s 9 Shear Stresses U asi jan pe Fa glide 635 -f NG YW GlolagT sles JS pll Plate II jo Malad feos aya5 - -Roearing II ya y Re ahU sles pose aod B35 yo y Atl 595 Leglie -¥ Grade (4.6) (yo Alay sola) Grade of pladinl GSadl Go gy! lan us 4 + Grade (10.9) gin 94 Rshear = Io + As+nr = Vv ton Ry =F, +s bmn = wv ton Td? 4 Rt =Ag«Fy, = (0.78 ) (0.33« F,, ) © GL Gazal gi olinjo Ls ga Egil! hie yType (B) High strength pretensioned bolts. (Slip critical) (Friction type connection) Plate JI Glau) Line Sbs dey (Nut) jlaaall Usslo M py SIbogll bo gsi Me ys 459 Lacs Plates JI G0 9 Ladb WY ler WleY Jae gf us Upelall of ad planed) UUs! Sosy US yo Yar y Plates! yi blew! dyin Gevall bo saad 42 Bale) UUs YI saleiol slau) Uyloy pb jlo) yb Uns oh 353 gd Platesd! gf aes Wh 4 - laaey gu Plates d) Go95 Laue dale Ladd Plate JI dob Friction JI Gob ge Sheart\ Leylis Lye Les Lerled yuo oll og: edad Laje0 eb Latly: Of slau JS palin Gil Frictions gayle ge Sheard) Uaglis G05 5 < B db Plates J! s 2 > GAL wut) agate Brune Bu gel) atl 355 ly Ge Bal giall decal 343 gheaall gd Plates J\ gle jlauall ‘ T T Faying Surface --~ or Friction Surface — —_—_—_”7 tr Uysleo (ye Bal giall Labcall 343 J T Plates J) gle ylasall Uace BU giall A! 3,3 plana)! gi T = Pretension force in bolt Py — Allowable friction load of one bolt Gil ga y High strength bolts. (H.S.B) J Laid pasad g yl Ide 5 lus BU sie) WII ay3 Yan gia grade (8.8) or grade (10.9) 55% + gaeleuall yi(troque moment)ss3 pty pola! ley Go 2 Y RGa I 555 Ves gin of Gy ISis! p53 WgB Cus, (Calibrated torque wrenches) pladist + Gabegzyall Guetall M=O.24d4*T] Wt! Usted! 4 (troque moment) Ji aus 4 Where : M — Required torque moment ad => Diameter of bolt T —> Pretension Force oy MEI 455 Glad (Surface preparation)IL gay le Jac coy # FGI) acy AUS y Ueda! claw Il Friction (295 jlaad y25 of 43) ul go Adoxa) claw ¥! Abs -1 . Flame cleaning J| y Sand blasting JI ie UU gy so53 5 + SLBA Ry yBi) LBS Gyo Vial Ao yall claw Lb Jad -1 Hi be F gual] sae sbagl y Uses)! ole prac y B95 aed Y roll Leal! gs BU giall Shear Force yaill 453 65S of wey «Py I gay Plated! gle soly slows babe (ye BU siall WIS 9 ped el oer oF (Sy F Ubegll ode yd pled! ode I yoyetin (UI at! of LS YY 4 Plates J) ya MSaY) Lglie JB jlo! gle ail aly LUS GY BS adh 5 ge Tl of Sue O.6 Tye 333 gf sold slau! gd tl 359) cas + Plates J) gle Labio 3g%) jLassell Lay 352 gill y glauall gd Wes Bal gall 131 af 20.67 ge soll! sland gle atu 393 Bala5y Claw! pac yd cumll y Plates Ji gy SS» W LS pacig TI gil soll Lau!) gd atl 393 cabo TS 2 60% Gil sab) jlawall le AI yes: cans Fl UI »AUN Uije0 ge y¥ (Type B) gyi Wiad Mull y 1— Pretension force in bolt —> T 2- Allowable friction load of one bolt —> Ps g2 OD y (Page 106) 555) fe Ti 4 Po Ji Xas3 gle yard! Sal Go gle Jganl 9 Grade (10.9) J Azguoe Jose Nae 2d pill JS of plod! 8 Boyes Tl y Pg Jl ppd 525 Grade (8.8) ITI y Py SN pas Ps = Py Grade (8.8) Grade (10.9) T = T Grade (8.8) Grade (10.9) (0.70) 43 J yao \, dasedl ood Boge gall dose! of Baz aall TH 5 Ps J ped gla GSeal Gad (Page 106) 355) 65 toys ga US 5 +/T = 0.7% Fy,* As Where : T = Pretension force in bolt Fy,—> Yield stress of bolt’s material. As => Stress Area of bolt = 0.78% Tr d* 4[ae t Where : RB = Allowable friction load of one bolt K = Friction Factor Glan Males Rayo gle scien » + 0.5 950.4 10.3.2 MI ddg: ApJlea) Aaj Cae y 5 —= Safety Factor ifety past) ULe cum 59S 9 1.25 —> Case (A) 1.05 => Case (B) 29) Ge Unple rants LA y TI) 9 Poy a5 Lull asl lary psi od LUI dade! yd US a5le (Page 106)Permissible Friction Load of one bolt per one Friction Surface (Ps) tons by 3 2 o 3 s -, . e = Be > = 3 y m ge Ordinary Steel Work Bridges and Cranes S 3 “|e At a § © |St.37&42-44| St,50-55 st,37&42-44 St,50-55 38 ge) aa) Se/228) u=04 =05 u=04 =05 © 3 o = ea 3, 8 = 3 & & Case of Loading Case of Loading 3 LV * & riularjulr)ala|a M12 1.13 | 0.84 | 5.29 12 1.69} 2.07) 2.117) 2.52) 1.32) 1.56 | 1.65 | 1.95 M16 | 2.07 | 1.57 | 9.89 31 3.16| 3.37) 3.95| 4.71] 2.47 | 2.92 | 3.09 | 3.66 M20 | 3.14 | 2.45 | 15.43 | 62 4.93| 5.90) 6.17) 7.36) 3.85 | 4.56 | 4.82 |5.77 M22 | 3.80 | 3.03 | 19.08) 84 6.10| 7.27] 7.63] 9.10) 4.77 | 5.65 | 5.96 | 7.06 M24 | 4.52 | 3.53 | 22.23] 107 7.11| 8.45| 8.89|10.60| 5.55 | 6.58 | 6.94 | 8.22 M27 | 5.73 | 4.59 | 28.91 | 157 | 9.25| 11.03 11.56) 13.78) 7.22 | 8.55 | 9.03 | 10.70 M30 | 7.06 | 5.67 | 35.34] 213 | 11.30 13.48 14.13 16.86) 8.83|10.46|11.04|13.07 M36 | 10.18| 8.17 |51.47| 372 | 16.47 19.64 20.58) 24.55|12.86|15.24 |16.08 |19.05 paris Jae ey BB Es be plese pladtal Ue hy 10.9 Es) b+ slese odsege Jaded! 8 Sosy)! pail 80% ents Soto! ob Bo g294)) pail)Table (6.3) Properties and Strength of High Strength Bolts (Grade 10.9") o a o Permissible Friction Load of One Bolt Per One = ol a8 3] a2 Friction Surface (P,) tons Bl seo] FB Gas | 2S | Ordinary Steel Work Bridges and Cranes 3 gl oSl a > iss 8 <8 | st.37e4244} st.60-55 | St. 37a4244) St. 50-55 &| 3g g3 358 $3 (u=0.4) (u=0.4) {u=0.5) & 3 a Cases of Loading Cases of Loading = {sla it t Wl 1 i i w 0.84 | 6.29 | 42 | 169 | 201 | 2.41 | 252 | 1:32 | 156 | 1.65 | 1.95 1.37 | 9.89 3.37 | 3.95 | 471 | 247 | 292 | 3.09 | 3.66 2.45 | 15.43 5.90 | 6.17 | 7. 3.85 | 4.56 | 4.82 3.03 _| 19.08 7.27 | 7.63 | 9.10 | 477 | 5.65 | 5.96 3.53 | 22.23 8.45 | 8.89 | 10.60 | 5.55 | 6.58 | 6.94 | 8.22 459 | 28.91 14.03 | 11.56 | 43.78, 7.22 | 8.55 | 9.03 | 40.70 i 5.61 | 35.34 13.48 | 14.13 | 16.86 | 8.83 | 10.46 | 41.04 | 13.07 M3é_| 10.18) 8.47 [51.47 49.64 | 20.58 | 24.55 | 12.86 | 15.24 | 16.08 | 19.05 T= (0.7) Fy As M.= 0.20.7. PeeuTly * For HSB grade 8.8 , the above values shall be reduced by 30% Bolted Connections 1061) Shear force only 2) Tension force only + Forces Ii (ye WWI El yosot of (Saul 4 Bolted Connection JI 3) Shear + Tension forces 1) Bolts subjected to shear : # For single shear (Single friction plane) _ Force # For double shear (Double friction planes) | | BR Up _ Force 2 P; J # For star shape (Single shear) (Single friction plane) Force j n= = Ps L i= + gghth 2 angles JI gle (nr) JI pun pe »2) Bolts subjected to Tension : _ Lension Force 0.6 + T \F4—|o ¢@ 3) Bolts subjected to Shear & Tension : — CGetn=w _ _ SU paola) sae sls KI galolel yo Test <— — Dect. © ” 1 0.6T EE oe rig= D+ Fett, ster singte shear P T (Single friction plane) QT. 1K Ny G4 HSI js N= BE + >= => For double Shear A (Double friction planes)| Ss Tg J) lar Saal joy T = Pretension force => JsieJ| Text => LIS jrolidl gle 335d! Ue, LI) wl 355 Text,b > solg)) jLasall gle 335i) daa atl 353 a > salyll Lendl ule 385! Le yLII yall 3y3— Then check # Treaty = Fost < 0.60T Q Text, or Single Shear # ns Ps ( 1- T dB Srtitton elane) Teat,b — SEZ) ) => For double Shea <2Ps(1 T ) (Double friction plane) Jule Absab Jaf Aad, Lj) 1G soley) jLacddl gle a35di Shear forces) Gla we IS Wg GoM Gye dow grou! gle Shull al GY WS 9 Pott ye stacy 9 Gla 2) Ga => For Case (II) (1.20) 8 T Si gPs SN ope psd => If any check is unsafe = oases 4 ysl! sac 235 tle olb aL OF VS 4 spell Go Egil lin 4b Block shear rupture 1>5; 2-1 sks tl Ge geil Ma Sou [Sy WE Ubeye 5 GG Ub ype claw! YW gles WH 4 jrludl Ga maximum spacing (Pitch) 1». ¥-Y¥ +6 Q ce ws smaximum number of bolts aay 3 -¥Example Design the connection in figure using slip critical type with pretensioned bolts (M16) grade 8.8. > «Ps a 8 BS % 11S *e * ° 45 S Bats |v Reet JL60+60+6 IL 80+80+8 Solution |. sume| = 04 From code rade 18, D - 3.176 t M16 Grade 10.9 Member (1)| 1..80.80.8 _ Force _ 21 _ _ a 2ePy 248.16 = 3.32 = |4 Bolts Member (2)| 6046046 en2= Force _ 15 _ __ 5 57 — [3 Bolts 2+Ps, 2+3.16 Member (3)| 80+80.8 Force 9 Ns= =orce ~ __v____ = «Ns . 3.16 2.80 3 Bolts Member (4) AL 6046006 _ Force _ 9 _ _ *Na= “Pp, he = 2.80 = 4 Bolts Minimum 4 bolts (2 bolts for each angle)9*09*09 +Example Design the connection in figure using slip critical type with pretensioned bolts (M16) grade 10.9. Coeff. of friction = 0.5 Draw the connection to scale 1:10 . (Gusset plate thickness = 10mm) . 7 +308 F, =+30t Ve 1 80+80+8 Fy =-4.3t AL 70+70%7 Solution [R= 0.5 Pe 106 From code — > P= 3.95% 0.70 = 2.77 t M16 Grade 8.8 gle 4 gLLiI ais Lal Upper chordjk jdgegal2 members) jf dun + Continuous member Laas! gle Lemans py UA) Volt! ad Fi-Fez F, =+30 Nr= el 2B. F, =+30t 30-30 0 Use minimum = SY -_-9 —» 5.53 553 79 2 Bolts = > No B.S.R Check for Slip—Critical ConnectionMember (3)| 17047047 Force _ 4.3 24Ps 5.53 Nga = 0.78 = |2 Bolts =—— No B.S.R Check for Slip—Critical Connection d sheets ote ickness To . corrug' L 8048 ‘ 0.5mm JL 70+70+7 = 15 = 240 gc x35 J member JS yi laws AN y Jol Oy Uo . Long joint oii Jsxi, member of any, ¥ WW » uals Jae ST Ay Gf cus member 3 sual yoy fas Jal lie de members JI gals plu yoy fas US sce5 Gusset plate JI Jat A » Prax hf 2% 5 Pmin IN ge JB Y dyExample Design the connection in figure using Slip—Critical connection with pretensioned bolts M16 grade (10.9). the bolts are fully threaded. (Gusset plate thickness = 10mm) . Solution Connection of lower chord with column \ \ \Framing angles assume tL 70% 70%7 From code ese 108, PD - 3.16 t M16 Grade 10.9 T=9.89tFor n;| ==> Shear 7047047 Force _ 10 Nis = et “OP, 243.16 = 1.58 = |2 Bolts For nz) —=> Shear 1707047 Connecting the gusset plate with framing angles Force _ 10 Nea= = ne “9 Ps 243.16 = 1.58 = |2 Bolts For n3) — > Tension IL 70+70+7 Connecting the column's flange with framing angles Force _ 10 0.64T 0.6% 9.89 eNg= = 1.68 = |4 Bolts 2 BOLTS for each side Connection of Upper chord and diagonal with column Sketch bi Gao) ‘ Framing angles assumetIL 70+ 70%7 For nj) ==> Shear 5545545 Force _ 19 Nis = —~_ et “9,P, 243.16 =3.0 =|3 BoltsFor nz eNe2= 2+Ps For ng Force _ —> Shear IL70+70+7 ==> Shear L70+70+7 = |2 Bolts Connecting the gusset plate with framing angles OSB FI UT y Mf, OLS ys Wl members forces II Jabs yl cls gyliudl ode syo0 gle tyoyer G9 Uerdl gf due pal Uerdl slog! G+ + Shear ani DSW 1 - * Inclination of the upper chord = tan’ To =5.71° * Inclination of the diagonal = tan’ 42 =45° ao qT Sas* | Qe a 19t 7 *Q)= «Ty = *Q2= #72 = aNp= 5.717° 19Cos 45 19Sin 45 7 Cos 5.71 = 0.696 ton ns --4 13.43 ton 13.43 ton 7 Sin 5.71 = 6.963 ton_ll____ *T=T, - Tz = 13.43 -— 6.963 = 6.47ton *Q=Q1 + Q2 = 13.43 + 0.696 = 14.13 ton *R= \T7+ Q?=15.54 ton Force _ 2«Ps 15.54 2x 3.6 245 = R qa 3 BoltsFor n4| — > Shear + Tension JL 70+70+7 Connecting the column's flange with framing angles — Get N4g= a + Text. => For Single Shear P, T 14.13 , 6.47 N= ———— + —— = 5.12 Bolt. Ng= += 046° 9.89 olts —> n4=|6 Bolts => Then check _ Text 6.47 # Tenth = n= 7g 1.08 ton < 0.60 T = 5.93 ton = SAFE # & = awe = 2.36 ton + Py 1— Fes?) = 3.16 ( 1- £98 = 2.82t0n + & = 2.36ton < Ps (1- Fett ) = 2.82ton => SAFELorrugated sheets 0.5mm \ \ I Plate 20mm | Stiffener_10mm Cg LP.E 500 = L6ox6ox6 / IL 7oz70z7 90| ° Notes 1-St. used is st.37 A 2-Pretensioned bolts M16 (10.9) Slip-Critical Type. \ Gusset plate SE 8-Size of fillet weld=5mm 4-Thickness of gusset plates=10mm 10mm 5-Dims are in mmsType (C) Bearing type connection with high strength pretensioned bolts. Gl ys y High strength bolts. (H.S.B) J\ Lid padind gyi! lin gb . grade (8.8) or grade (10.9) 55% 63 ppty ylanall dey py Sure GLI Eyl be poled! Oo Egil Me # er OY 9 (Calibrated torque wrenches) plaxisls (troque moment) Glas Yl bu Friction Isy ¥ WWL 4 (Surface preparation) 1525 pac Oe glawdl Gyb Ge Shear II pgle HWL 5 (Contact plates) Laid! AGRA Loglio Gb Ge ya y Ry dls Repl oe pbo¥l Lal Grpb Tension JI aglis (95 Pretensioned bolts jwlall 5Y GU 5 Pol Pe = 0] J) 59S gy lan yiy. Pretension force II gsyb ge Forces IN jo A Ely W yoyed of (Seal 4 Bolted Connection JI 1) Shear force only 2) Tension force only 3) Shear + Tension forces 1) Bolts subjected to shear : # For single shear | + Force | oo | i—>F n= Rss | Rreast ' Ry # For double shear _ Force Breast »(” POs t Rs# For star shape (Single shear) _ Force = Rss = Ro Rireast + Gall 2 angles IN gle (n) II pyai pe » 2) Bolts subjected to Tension : _ Tension Force TO . - 0.6 + T dared! de} n code page 106 iFe |e ¢ 3) Bolts subjected to Shear & Tension : — Get n= —);-—--—- — Qa 2 Text ZL ont = (Rika? t(OOT n a a 2 => Then check a? at Interaction equation Qa\n ( Text \ n 2 R shanowabie yeaa <1Where : Fest > aely plane gle Thal Ae LI! add 343 & > salyl placa) ple F85eI Raa LUI Gall 93 R sh autowablee— Rs.s Or RD.S —>allowable shear stress plaud! yoyas Lo Yul coll J Yo Bearing stresses Ji lu BLY, Plate J! yu T => Pretension force => dst) je => For Case (II) (1.20) 63 T 3) Ps SN pee ps = If any check is unsafe = cases 5 puladl sac 235 Wale Lb gale UA) 4 Sal ay dogs Y MHWL 4 God 4; dog Y pelea! bo gy! foe + UCheck Jac 54 43 4 Block shear rupture dsa> {Sal Yoadfi, Bursnag qwoyr.s dys adh, bursnag J a u (ae pt) Wee > b 90 usa u > ty usy IS Vn a 1 ye 09°0 > a = ave |t > ( WE IHG 1 > orsuay yay) U2YL yaya way . + wnays aqnog says aburs 4DauS UW sunssn . 2 190 _ qT _ woudl, aoLoy aoLoy . 1 Satz —u qa “Ce a0L0T vo SSH) soays Ss 328027, LL qd__y Tou l ] aL404 aoLoy pauorsuazatd pauorsuajzatg |pauorsuaza.d—u0ouw (7)Example Design the connection in figure using pretensioned bolts M16 grade 10.9. But faying (friction) surfaces were not prepared. Bolt threads are included in planes of shear. Draw the connection to scale 1:10 . (Gusset plate thickness = 10mm) . ~ © < s o * BS % 11S *® STS + o ° + R=att =15t = Batt od JL 60+60+6 JL 80+80+8 Solution faying surfaces were not prepared ——>|/ = 0 No friction —=> Bearing type with pretensioned bolts Rshear = GW+Asen Ry = Fy «ds tmin « Fup = 10 t\ cm? * = 1.6 em + Fy, LOS, ~ 3.6 t\ em? *Q> = 0.20F, tds = Td? = 0. ‘ub s= 4 «* Take e>26=3.2 cem—=— > & = 0.8 2 2 + Rss =(0.20 Fyyp)*0.78+-e 4 1=( 0.20010) 20.78 HOA1-9) 7 4 4 =3.13ton 2 * Ros =(0.25 Fyp) * Tra. +2=2+4Rss =6.27ton «Ry =(X# Fy) * d+ tmin = 0.8 «3.6% 1.6% tmin = 4.6 tmin Member (1) JL 80+ 8008 te, L + tmin = fom or 240.8 em = 1.60m —>|tmin = 1om + Ry = 4.6 tmin = 4.6* 1 =[4.60 tonForce 21 aNy= ——— = “= 4.57 = |5 Bolts Rreast 4.60 Check block shear rupture + Take e =3.5cm e 4xP | a P=5.0 cm >P= 3 Om] LLU, *mM= ant = 80.8 =3.6em 1——— | *L=et 4%P=3.5+ 445 =23.5em +Ant =[L—(n-0.5)(O+0.2)] «ty Shear = [ 23.5-(5-0.5)(1.6+ 0.2 )], 0.8 =12.32 cm? *Ane =[m—-0.5«(O+0.2)Jaty Tension = [ 3.60 -0.5%(1.6+0.2)]_40.8=2.16 cm? * P=Rp= 0.4Fy Anet sneart 0.725 FyAnet tension = 0.4 42.44 12.3240.725%2.442.16= 15.5 ton * Check — > 2P = 31 ton >Tension force = 21 ton => Safe — No B.S.R failure Member (2) AL 6046046 te, L + tmin = Tern or 240.6 em = 1.2em —=>|tmin = fom * Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6*1 =[4,60 ton Rieas Ros = 6.27 Rieast =|4.60 to +d CR. [E60 feast - Force 15 aN2= = ~~ = 3.26 = |4 Bolts Ricast 4.60Check block shear rupture * Take e=3.50m e, 3uP | P=5.0 om>P = 39 nt We A, * m= St = 5528 -2.7em " | * L=et S5*P=3.5+ 345 =18.50m Ane =[L—(n-0.5)(O+0.2)Jate Shear =[ 18.5-(4-0.5)(1.6+0.2)], 0.6 =7.32 cm? *Ant =[m—0.5«(>+0.2)]aty Tension =[2.70-0.54(1.6+ 0.2 )]4 0.6 =1.08 cm? * P=Rp= 0.4Fy Anet sheart 0.725 Fy Anet tension = 0.442.447.32 +0.725% 2.4% 1.08= 8.9 ton * Check — > 2P = 17.8ton >Tension force = 15 ton —> Safe — No B.S.R failure Member (3) L860» 8008 top L * tmin = tom or 0.8 em = tmin = 0.8 em + Ro =4.6 tmin = 4640.8 =(3.68 fonl + Rican 7 Ps = 3.13 Rieast =|3.13 ton R, = 3.68 «ns= Force __9 _ __ 5 99 _ [3 Bolts Ricast 3.13Check block shear rupture «Take e=3.5cem e 2xP * L= et 2*P=3.5+ 245 =13.50m P=5.0cem>P, =36 [EMA | * m= A A 8.6 em |, Ane =[L—(n-0.5)(O+0.2)Jate Shear =[13.5-(3-0.5)(1.6+ *Ant =[m—0.5«(>+0.2)]aty Tension 0.2 )J 40.8 =7.20 cm? = [ 3.60 -0.54 (1.6 40.2 )] 40.8 =2.16 cm? * P=Rp= 0.4Fy Anet sheart 0.725 Fy Anet tension = 0.442.447.20 +0.725%2.442.16= 10.67 ton * Check — > P = 10.67ton >Tension force = 9 ton —> Safe — No B.S.R failure Member (4)| -_ 60+60.6 top t L * tmin = tom or 0.6 em = tmin = 0.6 em * Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6*0.6 =[2.76 ton + Rican 7 P88 = 3.13 Rieast R, =|2.76 Force & aN 4 Oe = 2.89 = Ricast 2.76 =|2.76 ton 4 Bolts 2 Bolts for each angle = —|No B.S.R check as this member is ia compression member.1 i 4b 606006 JL 80+80%8 te 6 © ole oo 4 | Gg 9255= 1657 “zg —4260=200—7 7 e,+ @ *Cay, = 1 2 = 1694226 _ 4 990m 2 2 Jga member of ang I WWh 4 15 = 240 ec 435 Y member JS gi jlau ls dol Gy Gladl+ - Long joint «JI Gusset plate J Jit pb jules sac 5ST Les I tus member 1&2 yrolue yoy las Jlidl lie Wis » Pax 2 29 % 9 Prin IN ge JB Y dys members IN GL jules yop fas HWS sory member Ji lin 5 juelaall yoy GacliPmin JI ge member 33 Tilo) cls Jd! Mie 4s OO 5 member 2 JI 5 God! 8p0 plus! yoy Lael yPmin II gleGusset plate JI Jai p35 pole sac yST Laas I cum member 1&2 pslus yoy fas ltl Nin yi © Prnaz Ot 23 YF 9 Prin II ge JY cyoy members II QSL jules yoy fas Ws ae, Hl tL 8008008 16066006 —= leo ee elle ee oo) 25 0=1 50a “gg 4250=200 "a Prin J) ye member 3 gb loll ld Jal Me yd GO) 9 I © a ——3 MW Ss i} ¢ | & \ 4 i r q q | 1 oil I tL 8008008 eill* 16046046 = jp 1 “= go oe gle & OH) J'3250=150 xq le} —4250=200-Fy member 2 J) 43 gs! 854 yalueall yo, Gael yPmin JI gle member JI Ne i paluall yo, bacle | I] es 4 $ | 8 | 3 i o q 4 q cr (oer ! ell las L804 8048 1 ill 35 6046066 of en —2..__. ie eo pile ¢¢¢ 9] > Jeg 8255=1 65453) Mag —4250=200—Hey)Example Design the connection in figure using bearing type connection with pretensioned bolts M16 grade 8.8. Bolt threads are excluded from plane of shear. Draw the connection to scale 1:10 (Gusset plate thickness = 12mm) . 7 +308 F, =+30t Ve 1 80+80+8 Fy =-4.3t AL 70+70%7 Solution Resnear= Io + As «N Ry = Fy «da tmin + Fup = 8 t\ cm? + Q=1.6em + F, Lots, ~ 3.6 t\ cm? #90 = 0.25F, +A = Ta? = 0. ub s= « Take e>26=3.2cm—=— > = 0.8 : 2 + Rss = (0.25 Fup) * mda. 1=(0.2548)« mos «1 4 = 4.02 ton - Ue aa + Ros =(0.25 Fup) * 4 *2=2+4Rss =8.04ton «Ry =(X# Fy) * d* tmin = 0.8 4 3.6 % 1.6% tmin = 4.6 tmin Member (1&2) |i. 80+80+8 tu + tmn = 1.252 or 240.8 om = 1.6cem —=>|tmin = om + Ro= 4.6 tmin = 4.6*1.2 =[5.36 ton* Rieast “CR Ros at Rieast = 4.60 ton gle 9 glbill yb ‘ual Upper chord Jk g2sszgall 2 members Ii gf eur + Continuous member Laas! gle Lanai pe UW Dal ah pads Fi-Fez Ricast Fe =+30 «N= ————— F =+30t = 30-30__0_ _, 5.36 5.36 = — For continuous member =—— No B.S.R Check Member (2)| 1..70+70.7 &tmin =1.20em or + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.6*1.2 =[5,36 ton * Rieast = h ae} Rieast Use minimum — 2 Bolts tp te 240.7 cm = 1.4em —=>|tmin = 10m =|5.36 ton Force _ _4.3 =0.81 = aN2= Rreast 5.36 2 Bolts =——|No B.S.R check as this ia compression member. member is|Lane \ corrugated. sheets ig ~ \ 0.5mm thickness 0+ 8 “1 80+8 JL 7047007 —————- 150 = Ge 235 Mao © = 240 jc 33 FY member JS yi lau Ty Jef ms ™ 3 ds! oy 4 ! ng joint JI Jgat, member gf aay J WWL ‘ 92 23 polis die. fos wile aoe 2 il See member 8 gualioe yoye fas Utell lin ogi 1 sual yey? fas LMS ess Gusset pl MMe we . et plate S| Jae 23 "Pega. Ponda evens oulam lon dele db gob Connection JI prac Gn G5 seg: F asfass gabbul galudl ys + Bearing type with high strength pre—tensioned bolts J\ 45 Bearing type with non-pretensioned bolts J\ 45 oaulad! wd » Shear Jl Laglde 0 pbodl gle Shears) diglds gb asics GLI! gd GY gle 5 WUGHYl gle acies Y y Plates J Bearing J) Aaglds 4 plas! gS + gland) gpd Ulaeee Bu giel! al 355 Layee salad Lagd 59S i 4 QUI JbLadll yi Gyill poke GM 5 * plas gi atl) Leglie 49S Cyn Shear + Tension J 4f Tensions + Oacgll pd Aah Bearing type with high strength pre—tensioned bolts Tension Resistance —> 0. 6 T Bearing type with non—pretensioned bolts Tension Resistance —— R, 2 Rt =Ag+ Fy, = (0.78) (0.834 Fy)Example Design the connection in figure using bearing type connection with pretensioned bolts M16 grade (10.9). the bolts are fully threaded. (Gusset plate thickness = 10mm) . L—4.5m— EP.E_500/ dL 554 5505 F=17t Sketch bes Grol) Solution — assumetL70+70«7 Rsnear = Wo + Ase || Ry = Fo +detmin * Fup = 10 t\ cm? * o =1.6em Fully threaded for st.37 2 aed + F.,, =———> = 3.6 t\ cm y 4 2 *Q> = 0.20F uw +As =0.78+ 4* Take e>26=3.2 em—= > & = 0.8 md? + Rs.s = (0.20 Fup) * 7q =3.13 ton +Ros = 2+Rss =6.26 ton 2 +#1=(0.20% 10)» 0.78 794 «Ry =( X* Fy) * dh * tin = 0.8 ¢ 3.6% 1.6 tmin = 4.60 tmin For n;| ==> Shear AL 5545545 top tu + tmin = form or 240.55em = 1.1em —>|tmin = Tem * Ry = 4.6 tmin = 4.60 * 1 =[4,60 ton + Ricast “Ch ns “626 Ricast =[4.60 ton an,= Force _ _17_ _ 3 69 — [4 Bolts Rreast 4.60 Check block shear rupture * Take e = 3.0 cm Lapaos I ua SU 5 @ <2 OI GI Ry I US yes of paadall Go 3aP {4 | P= 6.0 em>P..= 3 Om | G/T. | ‘ m= Het = 9550.50_ 2. 500m n | *L=et 4%P=3.0+ 346 =21.00em Ane =[L—(n-0.5)(0+0.2)] at. Shear =[21.0-(4-0.5)(1.6+ 0.2 )],0.50=7.350em? *Ant =[m—0.5«(0+0.2)Jaty Tension = [ 2.50 -0.5%(1.6 + 0.2 )] 4 0.5 =0.800m?* P=Rp= 0.4Fy Anet sneart 0.725 FyAnet tension = 0.442.447.385 +0.725% 2.4% 0.80= 8.45 ton * Check — > 2P = 16.90 ton Unsafe _B.S.R failure <=> Increase pitch to increase A net Tension ga LS git A net Shear JI US A net Tension JI (53 Lid 353 Pitch J! * P=7.0cm>P,=3o * L= et 44P=3.0+ 447 =24.00m Ane =[L-—(n-0.5)(0+0.2)]aty ener [ 24.0-(5 - 0.5 )( 1.6 + 0.2 )],0.50=8.85 cm? * P = 0.4Fy Anct sheart 0.725 FyAnet rension = 0.442.448.85 +0.725% 2.4% 0.80= 9.88 ton * Check —> 2P = 19.70 ton >Tension force =17 ton => Safe— No B.S.R failure For nz] — > Shear 1° 70+70s7 te, tL * tmin = Torn or 240.7 em = 1.4em —=>|tmin = fom * Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.60 *1=|4,60 ton Rueast (7 2S = 6:26 — Rreast_=[4.60 to +R, oR. -le60 Least n _ Force _ 5 _ = *Ne= Rin 4607 1.08 = |2 Bolts =——|No B.S.R check as this member is a compression member.For n3| ==> Shear 1..70+70+7 Connecting gusset plate to jhe framing angles te + tmin = 10h or 2.0.7 em =1.4em —=>|tmm = Tom + Ro = 4.6 tmin = 4.60 * 1 =[4.60 ton * Ricast “Cr. Ros “eee Ricast =|6.26 ton oe Saal, wet LS Jl members forces JI Jules gl clos gpeliall ode j yee gle Apogee 595 Lert of dur pal Uerd! slo! oo + Shear an SW » + Inclination of the upper chord = tan’ a =5.710° + Inclination of the diagonal = tan! 4 =45° Te"! xe r, 7 hee a *Q1 =17Sin45 = 12.02 ton *T, =17Cos45 = 12.02 ton * Q2 =5Sin5.71 = 0.490 ton + Tz =5Cos5.71 = 4.975 ton_ll_. dL NY *T=T; —- Tz = 12.02 - 4.975 = 7.04 ton R *Q=Q1 + Qz2 = 12.02 + 0.497 = 12.52 ton «R= T 24 Q7= 14.33 ton Block shear rupture check J\ Lai Truss Jimembers gle Jacks Nga Force _ 14.33 Cusset plate! _ 4.60 ‘usset plates! gle ibs ¥ 5 Rreast I glias 18 aS g Us = 3.11 = [4 Bolts] Ott ot Be eS G98 welts gFor n4| — > Shear + Tension Connecting the framing angles to the column 59S 5 AH 5 Unf, GLSys WI members forces II falas il gtis Geet GILL, y yyolenall oda syne gle Logee eof ll OLS yall Lane GIL 4g jrslicadl odp ygm0 oles! 3 Aol I) LT pall Uae 4 Shear - ladle Tension or Compression Guus T A *T = 7.04ton R Q *Q= 12.52 ton M16 From code page (106)———> T = 9.89 ton Ns N4 r---- — assume 14 AR Q 2 Text 2 2— (__ ex : " (Rak anowan. *¢ 0.6 T? Plan \ Rss _ 12.52 2 7.04 2 ne= (—) + (>) = 17-4 ( 3.13 ) (Gee 9.89 N4=6 Bolts Interaction equation Q \ n 2 Text. \ n 2 (Reha? *°O60T 2<1 12.52 7.04 +s 6 (ara) + (Geegap) = 949 <1 | Rs.s —> Safesum uw ap sung. wimg} =seynjd yassnB fo ssauyou,—s (9°>) 9LN 8N0q pauoysuazasd—uoy—z 2878 8} pasn 2S-} Saj0N £*0L*0L 70 1 i 00S TdT 4, weuLs"O \ if ssou{ovt y6nit0o Va s72ays PExample For the previous example, it is required to design the connection using slip critical connection with high strength pretensioned bolts M16 grade 10.9. Solution From code ue > P= 3.76¢ T=9.89t No Block shear rupture for stip-critical connection For n;| — => Shear 105545545 _ Force _ 17 _ = aNy= 2sP, 283.16 = 2.68 = |3 Bolts For n2| — => Shear -70+70+7 Force 5 Ne= =Oree _ _vs __ = aN2 «Ps 23316 0.79 2 Bolts For n3| — > Shear 1. 70+70+7 Connecting gusset plate to the framing angles * Text = 7.0 ton *Q=12.51 ton *R= \ 72, + Q7= 14.33 ton Force 14,33 Ne= —Orce _ _I4 00 _ = *N2 +Ps 233.16 2.26 3 BoltsFor n4| — > Shear + Tension Connecting the framing angles to the ™ Text * Text = 7.0 ton R column Q *Q= 12.51 ton Checks Ns 14 po — assume 14 7h / ~ 2 , Text. te n= P, T Plan \-SS- 12.51 7 N=—76 +509 ~ 486 N4=6 Bolts = Bet | 1 -4.16 ton < 0.60 T= wtp = = 2 = 1.16 ton < 0.60 T= 0.6 + 9.89 = 5.93 ton +h = 2251. 2.08 ton < Py (1- Bee) =3.16(1-4 4) = = 2.78 ton => SafeConcentrated loads on joints : (Mono rail beams) gle Users 5B gerane Giusy Late jaw 3S Ye syle mono rail JI AW LS gh Bl pl edt Launys Gye y Joints JI axe Trusses JI wae 550 laos 393 mono rail NBS ¢ af ples of Le onl JS EU 5 NS . Truss joints Jimembers (182) JI gllTig yladl gob yemono rail J) Jao ite GWE ps member JI pula! sac slyI y ysl |For nj Connecting double angles with gusset plate NS. F, F. => Subjected to => Qy =F, & Qy =F Fres. Fs * Fre= VE + OF 2 F, Res. Res. _ ae * N= Ros Or « Ny= (Slip-criticat) Rreast R 2+Ps b For nz Connecting double angles with gusset plate F, F. —=> Subjected to —> Qy =F, & Qy =F Fra! | Voz 2 Fs * Fres= VQx + Ay 2 F, F, Res. Res. * N= R Or « N3= (Stip-critical) 2 Rreast 2s 2+Ps Rs For ng Connected mono rail beam with connection => Subjected to —> Tension = F, F, o F, * N= r & Ng= >= (pretensioned) oR 3 0.6T + lined) oS dee OF esd ply gull ose Osh of oY 2 Rt =AgeFy = (0.782) (0.334 Fy)For nq Connecting Vertical star shaped angles with gusset plate —> Subjected to —>» Shear Res. ; *14= es. Rss Or * n= (Slip-critical) Res. Rireast R Ps b stwo angles gle 6535 LEY goss pb) M4 II 69S of ay For ng Connecting diagonal single angle with gusset plate => Subjected to —> Shear Free. Ps *N5— Rss Or * Ns= (Stip-critical) Rieast R bExample Design the connection in figure using slip critical type with pretensioned bolts (M16) grade 8.8. and draw the connection to scale 1:10. (Gusset plate thickness = 10mm) . a> ces 82 Be 18 * > t * oO S *s) © F-20171 Ra ret 10t Solution From code Page 08, P= 3.16t & M16 (10.9) M6 C5), P= 0,743.16 =2.21¢t T = 0.749.89 = 6.92 t [Member (1)| 17047067 F,=18t * Freg= V 18° +5* = 18.68t F Res. «n,= Force _ _ 18.68 10 2+Ps 22.21 2 = 4.22 = |5 BoltsMember (2)| 1.80+80.8 F,=20t + Freg= V 20° + 5* = 20.60t Res. F, aNe= Force _ _ 20.60 1 2ePs 2*2.21 “IS = 4.60 = |5 Bolts Member (3)| 70+70+7 eng Foree_ 2 ~~ _o 95 ~ [2 Bolts Ps Member (4)| 180+80.8 ana Force _ 3 __ 4 35 = [2 Bolts s Bolts connecting upper flange of mono rail to lower chord of truss —> Subjected to —> Tension = 10t -—F___10 __ - +2 =O 6T = 6646927 241 = 4 Bolts008 Ad] *unsso - Uipat aL ououl a NVId | 290L*0L7F 2*08*087- oI Mara aps - | | 008 adI awnssv | IN FS u0wynaa a wipaq 7D. ouoWw aa oIN SS 4 1a / 2 09th ey 86 OSzp- 6. ae L | 8*08*08 77 £*0L*0L70- 8*08*087Truss J) ga mono-rail beam Jia j3 gil jaladl ose O95 of Lak + ae SS gb plane fog py in Lod pues & #15 $1.56 PLAN ‘mono _rail_ beam. £229 Ge WS y GU) slacel! 3 sls jlaedll :b5 LB Aye W AWS BU Eye 2ST jaoliaa! ae GIS 4 Gace pd W sare GS ISI Lol Led jel & + JUS pares 5 yrele Amada yoy £36 1.56 yt i £150 Fis ! 8 Bolts 1a r H et 1 She 91 7 —— 1 | te olleol ' di 1 t ! t | \ S . / h Symono_rail_beam / -L--—a\—_Ldale iby minimum JI) prdind Lal y leaned Y Compression s Lo ,c4)! jal) + Ugylee ga 9 Example wpe —+— Tea xe SS | Ny \ | \y Ns a | F—>|¢ #| \% | #1 > sete gga gle Aryee 89) <> Shear =n1= _F Or n= a (Slip-critical) Ricast 2+Ps Ng > mela pyre gle Lsyee 35H! —> Shear =>n2= _F Or n= Fe (Slip-critical) Rreast 2sPs Mg seledl som) L5lye 85] — Comp. Ns= 2 BoltsYule AbyabL Shear J) gle Laid pact Compression + Shears 42 ,c-4)) jal! + OlSl Ge JB Ys Example yp —-- _ Erampre ne co Te yy \fodl-7 ™ oe \ Vv o F + \ ot #10, > seebedl gyre gle Aysgee 59) —> Shear F n= Or n= (Stip-critical) Rieast T2+P; Ng —> pela) yes gle Hlargee (CHQ) 55S —> Shear F F = n2= —~— Or n= (Stip-criticat) Rieast a 2«Ps Tg —> ypalaall you gle Layee (Q) AS yl] > Shear > quell! sync 25150 (C) 15 ,JjI—> Compression => Neglected Sns= 2 or ns= 5 ‘Least +Ps (Stip-critical)## For Long Joints ST od shane Py ol guy AiLuadl Lad 9 AU Connection! ys » yglatie ab Connection J} gle Stresses II (2593 9S Las 9 15 oe Li P<—I I I 1—}> P Li => Distance between first and last bolt If Li > 15 = It is considered to be a long joint Prin IV gle pares 63 3b gin 9 yale gli member JI clan! UL. yi 15D ests G95 slase BIg of oy Glial Gf older liad Shur » «Long joint gJimemberJl Jgat: Y yin Ules 5ST ye y P4— I 1 1 1—» P eb eb JS “SS gy) label JST ForcesJl ForcesJi 1 Long joint Ji gyed Jyle YS Lola! 4 sSy Uhl ode SyFem my merlory ory aoyds 709943.484 — 2% aoyds 70}UOZLLOH — } ir saouds 6 Hep FoF SLaquiaur puoyo sof pas saoyds SD eCren | ajbun Ste: RT Ro Ren? [Pm Fry ir? RTO Fieh9 =| 9+O9 = rr oer oe = pe cmp swag sauy a6nv6 om, ym cw ) youoboip pun syooywaa sof pasn sauy abnvb omy wD cme 001 > >92°0 « aevoTay * Tg oo: = 90 aoLOy 00z 1 oa 7/7" youoboip pup syooyuan sof pasn T Cd 40,00f Uow)dsnpay (suowynjos aay, anny ay) szur,0r BuoT 404SPLICES wal Ide Say yLong joints J) USA. gle lel ge Splices JI gy. Gall tle 5 dab 21038 Of Gow Gf Long joint Jl Jsad of Gg OU » yaclual vac s4b5 - 1 5 oes Jol lie 9 15D Go hho of gd plans AT 4 of oy ULadl! . Horizontal Splice J) Raglie gfass MWh 4 SI Lake Say QU Shyiad! sac dolby - 7 Ue gd Saal lin 4 loys Shear JI 5 slau! - Vertical Splice J\ *Rps = 2%Rss +R3s = 3%Rss + Ras = 4*Rssox tay: BS Plate poy: USy yall ose 855 ge gyill Mie ys Gaal! o GW » Splice Plate Ji 5» ,Cusset Plate J! 2 members| 68 guludl Jali 4 Splice Plate J! lin 43 80:5 jules gry (Seed! Plate J) a5 3 ge Horizontal Splice laiynd cu yGusset Plate J) rp + RyylU AIT Ue! po | + 7 tee : a f+ ae | +> co + jo Tsp ee CSA bsp. ~ L Sec. A—A | bsp. =2at ton + + 4 | tsp.=10 mm Sec. BB #1, —> Gusset plates! gs angles U Ausf) ey! days (0S gasine) +#Nz—> Gusset plates! gs angles U taf Joy des (pu Guy sine) #N3— Splice plate II gr angles U AS5%) Jade (aS egies) >> JSi5 Le » Plate JI ol coil US 42 Connection S| j6 Léls Saal Splice plate J) ll +5 4 Gusset plate JI gli member JS 43 asi) Go Ge pbeoWl ByHl Lad des 425% Splice plate II gl Jay GU! oI! 5 wll member JS 48 JB GUI bell SW» Fey ens Fo o Fy » Foy J) g member J) 5 35) Le5 py GyHl ge Cusset plate JI TAWY 455 pled! slach ob y