Cultural Relativism It 1 4, No T Nocessary To View Cultural Variat Io 'TH T Hat One

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142 ANTHRopoLoGicAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES

Cultural Relativism

It 1;4, no t nocessary to view cultural variat io ns 'th


t hat one own culture is more "civdiled" humans. and
Sumptmn
more advanced than others. While et hnocent rism evaluates for.
eign cultures using the familiar cult u re oUt I R o bserver as a frame
of reference as a standard of correct behavior, cultural relativism
from the lie rqiect ive of their own culture,
views people';.: I ivior
it 'Aztec's a priority 001.10
i
understanding other cultures, rather than
dismissing them as 'strange." Unlike ethnocen triSM. cultural rela-
tivism is t he kind of value neutral
Cultural relativism stresses I hal dilTh reni soeialcontexts give
rise as polygamy. bullfighting, cockfight ing and kissing or hands
or elders are in the contexts or cotures in which they
examined
are found. While cultural mint ivism does not sugg,est that we must
unquestionably accept every form of behavior characteristics ol'a
culture. it does not require an unbiased effort to evaluate norms,
values, beliefs, and customs in the light of distinct ive culture of
which they are a part.

There is an interesting extension of cultural relativism,


referred to as xenocentrism. Xenocentrism is the belief that the
products, styles, or ideas of one's society are inferior to those that
originate elsewhere (VV. Wilson et al.) In a sense, it is a reverse
ethnocentrism.

Culture Shock

While visiting Manila for the first-time, a Japanese tourist


was anguished to see homework signs proclaiming "Garage Sale
and cannot understand why the resident is selling his garage.
The Japanese tourist could not comprehend why only
a small por-
tion of the lot is for sale.

An American executive went to Seoul, Korea, and decided


that he would like some local meat for dinner. But he is stunned to
learn that the specialty in Seoul — recommended in part, because
it is believed to improve sex — is dog meat.

in Ongpin, in China Town, it is not surprising to see stores


selling meat of snAlt04.2 ,
00 counters. The Chinese believe

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