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    4square of Opposition

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    The document summarizes the square of opposition, a logical diagram used to represent relationships between propositions. It outlines four types of opposition between propositions: 1) Contradictory opposition exists between propositions that differ in both quality and quantity. 2) Contrary opposition involves universal propositions that differ in quality. 3) Sub-contrary opposition differs only in quality and applies to singular propositions. 4) Subaltern opposition differs only in quantity and relates universal and particular propositions. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of opposition.

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    4square of Opposition

    Uploaded by

    JAP
    38 views3 pages
    The document summarizes the square of opposition, a logical diagram used to represent relationships between propositions. It outlines four types of opposition between propositions: 1) Contradictory opposition exists between propositions that differ in both quality and quantity. 2) Contrary opposition involves universal propositions that differ in quality. 3) Sub-contrary opposition differs only in quality and applies to singular propositions. 4) Subaltern opposition differs only in quantity and relates universal and particular propositions. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of opposition.

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    The document summarizes the square of opposition, a logical diagram used to represent relationships between propositions. It outlines four types of opposition between propositions: 1) Contradictory opposition exists between propositions that differ in both quality and quantity. 2) Contrary opposition involves universal propositions that differ in quality. 3) Sub-contrary opposition differs only in quality and applies to singular propositions. 4) Subaltern opposition differs only in quantity and relates universal and particular propositions. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of opposition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    38 views3 pages

    4square of Opposition

    Uploaded by

    JAP
    The document summarizes the square of opposition, a logical diagram used to represent relationships between propositions. It outlines four types of opposition between propositions: 1) Contradictory opposition exists between propositions that differ in both quality and quantity. 2) Contrary opposition involves universal propositions that differ in quality. 3) Sub-contrary opposition differs only in quality and applies to singular propositions. 4) Subaltern opposition differs only in quantity and relates universal and particular propositions. Examples are provided to illustrate each type of opposition.

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    9/30/2017

    Square of Opposition-is a device used to represent


    propositions using their individual symbols such as
    A, E, I and O to manifest their opposite relationships with
    other propositions.

    Square of Opposition
    Ma. Joseph Patrick M. Enriquez

    Square of Opposition

    Contradictory Opposition- is a kind of proposition that exists


    between two propositions which differ both in quantity and
    quality. There are two pairs of contradictories A-O and E-I.

    A-O
    Ex. Every dog is an animal. --- Some dog is not an animal.

    I-E
    Ex. Many cats are three legged. --- No cats are three legged.

    1. Contradictory Opposition

    1
    9/30/2017

    Contrary Opposition-is a kind of opposition that exists


    Sub-contrary Opposition-exists between two propositions
    between two propositions which differ in quality. Both of
    which differ also in quality. This kind of opposition is
    these propositions are considered universals but they
    applicable only to the propositions I-O.
    differ in entirely in quality. They are A-E propositions
    and vice versa.
    I-O
    A-E Ex. Some students are absent. --- Some students are not
    absent.
    Ex. Every melon is a fruit. --- No melon is a fruit.

    2. Contrary Opposition 3. Sub-contrary Opposition

    Subaltern Opposition-is a kind of opposition that exists 1. All pigeons are flying animals.
    between two propositions which differ in quantity. There Contradictory:
    are two kinds of propositions that manifest this kind of Contrary:
    opposition, A-I and E-O Sub-altern:

    A-I
    Ex. All men can think. --- Some men can think.

    4. Subaltern Opposition Exercise:

    1. Some breads are made of wheat.


    If one of the pair of proposition is true, the other is false.
    Contradictory:
    If one of the pair of proposition is false, the other is true.
    SubContrary:
    Sub-altern: TRUE
    E-I
    Ex. Every store are not open for that day.
    --- Some stores are open for that day

    FALSE

    Exercise: 1. Contradictory

    2
    9/30/2017

    If one of the opposed proposition is true, the other is false If one of the opposed propositions is false, the other is
    If one of the opposed proposition is false, the other is true
    doubtful If one of the opposed propositions is true, the other is
    doubtful
    FALSE
    E-A
    FALSE
    Ex. All Filipino food are not sweet. I-O
    --- All Filipino food are sweet. Ex. Few crops are harvested last rainy season.
    --- Few crops are not harvested last rainy season.
    DOUBTFUL
    TRUE

    2. Contrary 3. Sub-contrary

    if the universal is true, the particular must also be true


    if the universal is false, the particular must be doubtful
    if the particular is true, the universal must be doubtful
    if the particular is false, the universal must also be false

    A-I
    TRUE
    Ex. All lovers are romantic persons.
    --- Some lovers are romantic persons.

    TRUE

    4. Sub-altern

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