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    Corrosion PDF

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    Vishal Thakare
    Corrosion is the deterioration of a material due to a reaction with its environment. It is an electrochemical process where the metal oxidizes. Common types of corrosion include uniform corrosion which proceeds evenly over a surface, galvanic corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals contact each other, and pitting corrosion which forms localized holes or pits. Corrosion can reduce strength, cause downtime, and decrease value. Proper material selection, coatings, and insulation between metals can help reduce corrosion risks.

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    Corrosion PDF

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Thakare
    239 views22 pages
    Corrosion is the deterioration of a material due to a reaction with its environment. It is an electrochemical process where the metal oxidizes. Common types of corrosion include uniform corrosion which proceeds evenly over a surface, galvanic corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals contact each other, and pitting corrosion which forms localized holes or pits. Corrosion can reduce strength, cause downtime, and decrease value. Proper material selection, coatings, and insulation between metals can help reduce corrosion risks.

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    Corrosion is the deterioration of a material due to a reaction with its environment. It is an electrochemical process where the metal oxidizes. Common types of corrosion include uniform corrosion which proceeds evenly over a surface, galvanic corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals contact each other, and pitting corrosion which forms localized holes or pits. Corrosion can reduce strength, cause downtime, and decrease value. Proper material selection, coatings, and insulation between metals can help reduce corrosion risks.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    239 views22 pages

    Corrosion PDF

    Uploaded by

    Vishal Thakare
    Corrosion is the deterioration of a material due to a reaction with its environment. It is an electrochemical process where the metal oxidizes. Common types of corrosion include uniform corrosion which proceeds evenly over a surface, galvanic corrosion which occurs when two dissimilar metals contact each other, and pitting corrosion which forms localized holes or pits. Corrosion can reduce strength, cause downtime, and decrease value. Proper material selection, coatings, and insulation between metals can help reduce corrosion risks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Corrosion

    What is corrosion
    Corrosion is the oxidation of a metal due to an
    ELECTROCHEMICAL reaction. The oxidizing
    agent is most often O2 (atmospheric corrosion) or
    H+ (chemical corrosion) or both.
    Corrosion is defined as the deterioration of a
    material, usually a metal, because of a reaction
    with its environment.

    2
    Corrosion is:

    A natural phenomenon that occurs over time.

    An electrochemical reaction (on metals)

    Happens at different rates with different metals


    and in different environments

    3
    Effects of corrosion

    Reduced Strength
    Downtime of equipment
    Escape of fluids
    Lost surface properties
    Reduced value of goods

    4
    Types of Corrosion
    Uniform Attack General Corrosion
    Galvanic Corrosion
    Crevice Corrosion
    Pitting
    Intergranular Corrosion
    Selective Leaching
    Erosion Corrosion
    Stress Corrosion
    Uniform Corrosion

    Formerly a ship

    6
    It is characterised by chemical or electrochemical
    reaction which proceeds uniformly over the entire
    exposed area.
    It is indicated by general wasting of surface.
    The corrosive product may form protective layer on
    the metal.

    7
    Galvanic corrosion
    Dissimilar metals are
    physically joined in the
    presence of an electrolyte.
    The more anodic metal
    corrodes.
    This occurs when two dissimiliar metals and alloy are
    placed in contact with each other in conducting
    medium.
    The less resistant metal become anodic and more
    resistant metal become cathodic.
    To minimize galvanic corrosion
    a)Select combination of metals as close together as
    possible from galvanic series.
    b)Insulate dissimilar metals whenever possible
    c)Apply coatings

    9
    Galvanic series of metal
    1)Magnesium 10)copper
    2)aluminium 11)Titanium
    3)Manganese 12)Silver
    4)zinc 13)gold
    5)Chromium 14)Platinum
    6)steel
    7)Nickel
    8)Tin
    9)lead

    10
    Stress Corrosion Cracking,
    A structure if subjected to stresses and then
    exposed to a corrosive environment, may
    initiate cracks and crack growth well below
    the yield strength of the metal.
    Consequently, no corrosion products are
    visible, making it difficult to detect or
    prevent; fine cracks can penetrate deeply
    into the part.
    This corrosion is the result of internal or external
    stresses and corrosive environment.
    It manifests itself in the form of crack.
    The important variables affecting stress corrosion are
    temperature, solution composition, metal composition
    and structure.

    12
    Crevice Corrosion
    This is an intense,localised corrosion which occurs
    within crevices and other shielded areas on metal
    surfaces exposed to corrosive.
    This type of attack is usually associated with small
    volume of stagnant solution caused by holes,
    gasket, lap joints and crevices under bolt and rivet
    heads.
    It can be minimized by using welded joints instead
    of riveted or bolted joints.

    14
    Pitting corrosion:
    Pitting is a localized form of
    corrosive attack. Pitting
    corrosion is typified by the
    formation of holes or pits on the
    metal surface. Pitting can cause 304
    stainless
    failure of material steel / acid
    chloride
    solution

    5th Century sword


    Boiler tube
    It occurs due to presence of impurities, rough
    spots and scratches.
    Pitting seldom occur with extreme suddenness.
    It occurs due to stagnant condition.
    Adding inhibitors to metals is helpful in reducing
    pitting.

    16
    Intergranular
    Corrosion along
    grain boundaries,
    often where precipitate
    particles form.
    It is intercrystalline cracking along the grain
    boundaries of metal.
    It is caused by impurities at the grain boundaries.

    18
    Erosion-corrosion
    Combined chemical attack and
    mechanical wear (e.g., pipe
    elbows).

    Brass water pump


    This is caused due to combination of corrosive
    fluid and impingment of liquid or abrasion of slid
    particles.
    This effect mainly depends on liquid velocity and
    contained air.
    All types of equipment exposed to moving fluids
    like valves, pumps ,blowers agitators heat
    exchangers are subject to erosion corrosion.

    20
    Cavitation corrosion
    It occurs due to repeated collapse of vpour bubbles
    on metal surface.
    This causes mild physical damage to protective
    films.
    Cavitations occurs in equipment where high
    velocity liquid flow and pressure changes occur
    such as pump impellers.

    21
    Fretting corrosion
    This occurs at contact areas between materials
    under load subjected to vibration and slip.
    It appears as pits
    This type of corrosion can be minimized by
    lubricating contact areas or increasing the
    hardness of both the contacting materials..

    22

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