Nsa Technology Transfer Program

NSA Technology Transfer Program A
NSA PATENT PORTFOLIO

cientific breakthroughs and technical advances can be
S accelerated through successful partnerships between
the public and private sectors. Shared knowledge inspires and
challenges this countrys brightest minds to create products
that shape our future.
This is the goal of the National Security Agency (NSA) Technology Transfer Programs
CREATING PARTNERSHIPS (TTP) patent licensing activitiesto create dynamic, effective partnerships between
the Agency and industry that deliver advanced capabilities into the marketplace.
Since 2010, the White House has focused on initiatives to increase the impact of
federally-funded research, boosting economic growth through commercialization
efforts. A healthy and growing economy yields a more secure and stable nation.
IGNITING INNOVATION It is our priority to use NSAs research to support technology development that will
advance Agency mission, create jobs, grow our economy, and add dimension, depth,
and strength to our national security.
Patent license agreements with NSA create opportunities for businesses to gain
product differentiation and a competitive edge. Our greatest satisfaction comes from
helping businesses discover new applications for Agency technologies. Whether your
business is a large corporation, a medium-sized business, or an entrepreneurial start-up,
the NSA TTP stands ready to be your committed partner. We hope you will work with
us to ignite innovation at your company!
Sincerely,
Linda Burger
Director, NSA Office of Research & Technology Applications (ORTA)
Technology Transfer Program
NSA Patent Portfolio
V 4.0
Awards
National Security Agency
Technology Transfer Program
Excellence in Tech Transfer, Federal Laboratory Consortium
Office of Research & Technology Applications
NSA Research Directorate 2017, 2015, 2012
9800 Savage Road, Suite 6843
Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6843 American Inhouse Design Awards, Graphic Design USA (2017)
Marylands 2016 Top 100 Women, Daily Record (Linda Burger 2016)
[email protected]
Top 18 Women in Technology, State of Maryland (Linda Burger 2016)
866-680-4539
www.nsa.gov/techtransfer
NSA Technology Transfer Program i

Table of Contents Summarizing Text by Sentence Extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
KODA: Text Summarization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Our Mission 1
CYBER 21
Leveraging NSA Technology 2
Patent License Agreements (PLAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Data Port Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8 Steps to Licensing an NSA Patent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Digital Camera Fingerprinting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Computer Intrusion Anticipation, Detection, and Remediation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

NSA Technologies Available for Licensing 4
Rapid Biometric Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
State-Change Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
BIG DATA 7
Image-Projection Plus Facial Recognition User Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Single-Image Super Resolution of Low Resolution Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tracking Activity of Removable Electronic Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
SAGA: Measuring Similarity between Data Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 PULSE: MESH Network Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Linear Interpolative Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Measuring Software Integrity with LKIM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Dynamic Network Traffic Rerouting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Digital Transmission Decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Select High-Level Privileges for Computer Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
ScribeZone: A Multimedia Instructional Design System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Objectively Assessing System Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Collision-Free Hashing for Near-Match Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Accelerated Batch Digital Signature Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Assessing Language Translation and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Reliably Communicating Via Computer Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Identifying Connected Data in a Relational Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Establishing Suitable Master Nodes in Computer Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Measuring Voice Signal Enhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Computer Stack Protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Automatic Topic Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Cryptographic Key Exchange Using Efficient Elliptic Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
ALADDIN: Database Searching and Identifying Text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Dual Counter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Realistic Testing and Comparison of Voice Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Random Number Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Identifying Digital Audio Signal Format. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Proof of Unsatisfiability Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Automated Detection of Duplicate Audio and Voice Recordings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Secure, Efficient Firewall for Connectionless Network Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Modeling Single-Class Data from Multi-Class Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Cryptographic Key Agreement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Recognizing Sounds of Speech of Any Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Cryptographic Identification and Digital Signature Using Elliptic Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Morphological Text Processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Enhanced Forward Scattered Electron Imaging (FSEI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Automatic Voice Activity Detection in a Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Efficient Acknowledgement of Data Packets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Automated Separation of Handwritten and Machine-Printed Images. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 NetTop: Secure Computing Using Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Solving a Problem in Pattern Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Self-Authenticating Cryptography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ii NSA Technology Transfer Program iii

One-Way, Secure Hashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Reusable Tamper-Evident Cargo Seal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Randomizer Quality Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Wideband Signal Geolocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Efficient, Compatible Key Escrow (Enabling Third-Party Access to Cryptographic Keys) . . . . . 37 Measuring Voice Signal Enhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Cryptography Using Modified Fractional Fourier Transform Kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Determining Range and Velocity of an Object. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Hacker-Resistant Firewall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Rapid Encoding and Decoding of Signals with Binary BCH Codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Multi-Dimensional Anomaly Detection and Deviation Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Estimating Digital Signal Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Filter System for Information Network Traffic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Code Generation that Minimizes Error Propagation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Removing Noise and Interference from a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) 41 Realistic Testing and Comparison of Voice Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Range Limited Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

PULSE: MESH Network Routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Estimating a High Frequency Carrier Signal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Flexible Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Amplifying a Digital Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Wideband Retroreflector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Wideband Retroreflector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Fabricating and Integrating Decoupling Capacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Reusable Tamper-Evident Bag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
CICADA: Synchronizing Time without a Broadcast Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Single Frequency Repeater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Clearer Imaging for Integrated Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Impedance Matching RF Open Wire Transmission Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Low-Loss Fiber Chip Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
CICADA: Synchronizing Time without a Broadcast Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Optical Clock Recovery Device Using Non-Linear Optical Waveguides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Reusable Tamper-Indicating Label Fixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Acousto-Optic Bandpass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Shredder Residue Dispersion System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Timer Circuit Utilizing Thermal Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Multiple Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive Tamper-Evident Label. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Recovering a Gate-Level Netlist from a Transistor-Level Netlist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Estimating Signal Frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
MOBILITY 49 Streamlined Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Feature Removal Using Wavelet and Fourier Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Improving a Maritime Communications System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Data Signal Conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Tracking Activity of Removable Electronic Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 References 67

Coherent Demodulation of GMSK-AIS Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Legislation, Policy, and Guiding Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Determining a Coherence Measurement for a Digital Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Reusable Tamper-Evident Bag Closure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Index by Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Reusable Tamper-Indicating Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Index by Patent Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Transmitter Geolocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
iv NSA Technology Transfer Program v

Our Mission
The National Security Agency (NSA) Technology Transfer Program (TTP) mission is to:
Establish partnerships to translate NSA discoveries into commercial products and practical
A game changer... that is how I describe the effect
applications that strengthen national security and help grow the economy, and
of licensing NSA technology on my business. The next
Accelerate the exchange of expertise and capabilities between NSA and industry, academia,
generation of our data encryption app will have NSAs and other government agencies to advance NSA mission, technology, and innovation.
patented technology as the foundation. Once released
Our mission fulfills federal technology transfer legislation, White House Cross-Agency Priority
commercially, this app will be cryptographically stronger (CAP) goals, and NSA mission objectives.
and more efficient than existing authenticated encryption
solutions in the marketplace.
Sudesh Kumar, Founder and CEO

Kapalya, Inc.
L icensing NSAs port protector technology has allowed

us to expand our market share and add new product
lines. As a small business, we benefited from a partnership
scaled to address our needs as we grew.
Jim Bolain, Founder and CEO

PadJack, Inc.
Legislation, policy, and guiding principles can be found in the References section of this catalog.
vi NSA Technology Transfer Program 1

Leveraging NSA Technology 8 Steps to Licensing an NSA Patent
Patent License Agreements (PLAs) 1. Discover 5. Pitch

Browse our patent portfolio Provide your plan for our technology
A PLA is an agreement that allows businesses to license patented NSA technology for commercial
purposes. These agreements can be exclusive or non-exclusive, and the terms of each PLA are Discover NSA technologies in this How will you use our technology?
negotiated individually. Once a PLA is in place, NSAs TTP continues to be a partner for business, patent portfolio, which provides a Tell us your business plan and outline
connecting companies to valuable resources throughout the innovation ecosystem.
listing of NSA technologies available your technical, business, marketing,
for licensing. and economic strategy.
2. Imagine 6. Negotiate
Grow your company with Lets make a deal
our technologies
Now that your business plan has been
Does one of our patents interest you? accepted, its time to negotiate and sign
GOVERNMENT FUNDS FEDERAL LABS, R&D COMMERCIAL MARKETPLACE
Imagine fueling your businesss growth a patent license agreement.
with NSA technology.
7. Acquire
Benefits 3. Connect Put NSA technology to work for you
Create new products or enhance your current products Reach out to NSAs TTP
Bring your idea to life by moving NSA
Launch a company around one of our technologies
Contact us and get help moving your technology from the lab to the commercial
Achieve market advantage by accessing innovative technology ideas to innovation! 866-680-4539 marketplace.
Save time and money by leveraging federal research and development (R&D) resources or [email protected]
8. Create
4. Engage New products, new business, new jobs
Talk with our inventors
Do your part to strengthen the economy
Get first-hand access to the intellect by creating new products, businesses,
behind NSAs inventions. and jobs.
2 NSA Technology Transfer Program 3

NSA Technologies Available for Licensing Big Data
NSAs patent portfolio contains solutions that span four primary technology categories: Big Data, Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that they become difficult to work
Cyber, Internet of Things (IoT), and Mobility. Not sure where to start? You can also take a look at with using traditional data processing applications. Managing data at such a large scale brings
our index of keywords in the back of this catalog. Full patent text can be found on the United States its own set of challenges; exceptional technologies are needed to efficiently complete tasks
Patent and Trademark Office website (www.uspto.gov). such as capturing, storing, visualizing, and analyzing data. NSA has taken the lead in confronting
complications in dealing with big data, exploring and developing solutions for processing,
managing, and/or analyzing large amounts of data. The innovations in this section span multiple
industries including acoustics, mathematics, communications, and information processing.
There are always new technologies being created at NSA.
Contact us to learn more! Cyber
Cyber relates to information technology, computer hardware, computer software, computer
The NSA TTP is always happy to provide more details on any of our patents or answer any questions networks, or the internet. Oftentimes, cyber describes the digital version of something that
about working with us. Feel free to contact us at [email protected] or 866-680-4539. has a non-digital counterpart. For example, cyberspace is the non-physical terrain created
by computer systems.
Navigating the safest and fastest path through cyberspace involves many moving pieces.
The ever-evolving cyber field presents opportunities for dynamic solutions for information
processing, networking, and physical, hardware, and access security. Through novel research
and design, NSA is able to offer innovations that enable improved authentication, protect an
array of data ports, and provide other cyber security measures.
Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT describes networks of objects that transmit data. These objects may be connected to
the internet, internal networks, or peer-to-peer paths. IoT uses data-gathering sensors and
cloud computing to make objects smart. As the demand for internet-enabled devices
continues to grow, NSA similarly continues to expand its development of IoT technologies.
The innovations in this section provide time and cost-saving efficiencies, ensure accuracy of
results, and improve or replace complicated or expensive solutions for technologies in the
microelectronics and optic arenas.
Mobility
Mobility can be generally defined as a technology or methodology that enables the free and
efficient movement of data, things, people, or services. NSA has long applied its intelligence
and expertise to the mobility field by finding new ways to ensure that information is transported
both safely and securely. The technologies in this section have numerous applications in several
fields including signals processing, physical security, and communications.

Big Data
Big data is a term for data sets that are so large or complex that
they become difficult to work with using traditional data processing
applications. Managing data at such a large scale brings its own set
of challenges; exceptional technologies are needed to efficiently
complete tasks such as capturing, storing, visualizing, and analyzing
data. NSA has taken the lead in confronting complications in dealing
with big data, exploring and developing solutions for processing,
managing, and/or analyzing large amounts of data. The innovations in
this section span multiple industries including acoustics, mathematics,
communications, and information processing.
6 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 7

Single-Image Super Resolution of Low Resolution Images Linear Interpolative Coding
Method of Neighbor Embedding for OCR Enhancement Device for and Method of Linear Interpolative Coding
US PATENT # 8,938,118 | EXPIRES MAY 5, 2033 US PATENT # 8,539,307 | EXPIRES APRIL 14, 2032
This technology improves the readability of optical character recognition (OCR) output Data transmission is no stranger to packet loss, but what can you
for low resolution (LR) scanned documents. Super resolution (SR) images are typically do when the missing information is vital? This technology can
generated using multiple LR images. This invention, however, is a single-image super test the continuity of data packets and predictbased on what
resolution (SISR) method that drastically reduces the character error rate (CER) found came before and after the losswhat information is missing or
when high resolution image estimates obtained with this technology are input to garbled. The tool could be used for debugging, data analysis,
OCR engines, compared with CER found with the original LR images. Moreover, this or error detection for all types of transmissions including sound
technology significantly lowers CER found with competing SISR methods, with speed samples and facsimiles.
comparable to fast SISR interpolation methods.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Data acquisition and forwarding systems
Document archival and retrieval Debugging and/or analysis (e.g., debugging errors in a handshake)
Automated tools for information management Telecom equipment that interfaces with different timing and communication systems
and maintenance
Analog to digital conversion (e.g., digitizing audio, scanning documents)
Document image collection
Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices

Biomimetic Voice Identifier
SAGA: Measuring Similarity between Data Sets US PATENT # 8,442,825 | EXPIRES JANUARY 18, 2032
Device for and Method of Measuring Similarity between Sets Infinite Impulse Response Resonator Digital Filter
US PATENT # 8,799,339 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 19, 2032 US PATENT # 8,396,912 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 15, 2031
This invention measures similarities between sets of data. The data could be natural- The technology provides multiple speaker
language documents or articles, product descriptions, queries, computer code, identification by identifying voices (or other sounds)
metadata, or measurements from any real-world objects or processes. The technology in a manner that uniquely mimics the essence of the
is able to determine similarities between data sets without needing to know how they ear-to-brain interconnection through extensive human
interact. Omitting duplicate pieces of data allows the technology to provide more voice identification learning and recognition training.
accurate results. Additionally, this technology can provide patterns over time of the The object is real-time or faster voice identification
data entered. This invention takes a holistic view of the data to make recommendations needing only relatively simple computing resources.
that are more accurate than commonly used methods. Specifically, this invention looks for prosody matches
(spectral patterns over time periods) that were
Critical for managing and sorting through immense quantities of data, this capability
trained into a software Artificial Neural Network
can enhance big data analytics in multiple fields including online shopping, social
(ANN)based model. Although intended to be used
media, genetics, and law enforcement.
together, the Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter
REAL-TIME VOICE
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: patent can be singularly applied to other uses as well.
IDENTIFICATION
A recommendation system that is more POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
accurate and doesnt require ratings
Voice recognition for home automation
Analyze usage patterns in websites or applications
Sound detection for security systems
Social network analysis
Assistive technology
Focused advertising
Audio forensics
Identify correlations in medical documents,
Biomimetic voice systems
articles, or reports
Genetic analysis
Forensic accounting

Digital Transmission Decoder Collision-Free Hashing for Near-Match Inputs
Device for and Method of Identifying Minimum Candidate Codewords for List Decoder Device for and Method of Collision-Free Hashing for Near-Match Inputs
US PATENT # 8,397,146 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 19, 2033 US PATENT # 8,363,825 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 26, 2031
Method of Collision-Free Hashing for Near-Match Inputs
This technology streamlines the decoding of digital US PATENT # 8,355,501 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 3, 2032
transmissions by identifying which parts are the actual
message and should be decoded first. The system also This technology is a hash function that does not produce
collisions for inputs that are near matches of each other,
HASH FUNCTION
identifies the minimum number of messages that must
be decoded to achieve desired results. enabling faster hashing and data retrieval. In this instance,
a near match is one where the number of bit locations that
Encoded messages typically contain redundant data to differ is small and, therefore, could more easily be found than
counteract communications noise that can introduce errors, if the inputs were not near matches. This technology reduces
but the presence of extra information makes decoding the time spent searching for collision-causing inputs.
more difficult. This technology overcomes the problem by
treating redundant data as code words that identify the POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
message portion. Big data analytics
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Data processing
Telecommunications Encryption algorithms NO COLLISIONS
Knowledge management
Big data analytics
Assessing Language Translation and Interpretation
Method of Assessing Language Translation and Interpretation
US PATENT # 8,185,373 | EXPIRES JANUARY 17, 2031
ScribeZone: A Multimedia Instructional Design System
This patented method establishes a standard for translation metrics, offering analysis
Device for and Method of Language Processing
US PATENT # 8,380,485 | EXPIRES AUGUST 11, 2031 and feedback for grading and improving translation activities. When translating from
a source language to a target language, word-for-word substitutions are not always
ScribeZone is an educational technology that facilitates development and delivery of adequate due to nuance, cultural variation, and native meaning. This technology
interactive multimedia courseware for the classroom. ScribeZone enables instructors provides user-definable ratings of accuracy, interpretation of intended message, and
to synchronize multimedia files with their corresponding written texts and then divide formatting, enabling effective language translation and interpretation of the source
the media into manageable learning blocks to appropriately focus and challenge their material. By not focusing on specific word choice, the technology is also able to more
learners. Instructors can customize and frame courseware with hints, glossaries, and accurately assess the quality and accuracy translations and interpretations, taking
links to outside resources. ScribeZone presents the multimedia courseware and its concerns such as sentiment and content into account.
sophisticated media playback system in one window, making course materials easy to
develop, access, navigate, and complete. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Language training and evaluation
Language curricula/materials development and assessment
K-12 and higher education
Linguistics
Foreign language and English as a
Second Language (ESL) courseware Speech signal processing
development
Government, military, and law TRANSLATION METRICS
enforcement applications
Medical and legal transcription
IMPROVED TRANSLATION
and translation
Media and broadcasting F E E D B AC K

Identifying Connected Data in a Relational Database Automatic Topic Identification
Method of Identifying Connected Data in Relational Database Method of Identifying Topic of Text Using Nouns
US PATENT # 8,001,137 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 2, 2030 US PATENT # 7,805,291 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 17, 2028
This technology leverages Structured Query This technology enables automatic identification of topics in machine-readable text
Language (SQL) in relational databases to discover in any language and from any source, including voice transcripts and material scanned
connected data. Because the data does not need for optical character recognition (OCR). This method of topic identification in a machine-
to be transformed, the algorithm is able to operate readable text overcomes the limitations of earlier approaches based on keyword
in the databases natural information storage format. searches, which tend to degrade in performance when dealing with variations in
This also enables efficient discovery of connected keyword spelling without any significant change in meaning.
data and easy identification of common labels.
This approach is limited only by the processing
capacity of the database and delivers results faster Search engine enhancement
and more accurately than other methods. Search tools for mobile devices
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Document storage and retrieval TOPIC
Genetics Automated tools for information

Epidemiology management and maintenance
Social media
ALADDIN: Database Searching and Identifying Text
Retail
Method of Database Searching
Telecommunications US PATENT # 7,797,152 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 10, 2028
Natural Language Database Searching Using Morphological Query Term Expansion
US PATENT # 7,761,286 | EXPIRES MARCH 7, 2029
Measuring Voice Signal Enhancement Method of Identifying and Highlighting Text
Method of Measuring Degree of Enhancement to Voice Signal US PATENT # 7,539,611 | EXPIRES MARCH 1, 2027
US PATENT # 7,818,168 | EXPIRES AUGUST 18, 2029
This technology is a combination of three inventions: two natural language database
This technology measures the degree of enhancement made to a voice signal, search methods and a method of identifying and highlighting text. The Tagger searches
reducing the need for human arbitrations and other various listening tests. Statistically, for transliterated terms (such as names) within large data sets using lexical, contextual,
voice signals are non-stationary, changing over time. The more a signal becomes and morphological information. The Matcher is then applied to determine which
corrupted, however, the more stationary its distribution of values becomes. In this candidate terms are known within the database and are therefore of likely increased
technology, the degree of reduction in the signals distribution indicates the degree interest to the reader. This knowledge-based systems ability to work without relying
of enhancement made to the signal. This invention quantifies the voice enhancement on any one query language grants non-expert users access to an extensive collection
by comparing how stationary the distribution of values are between original and of linguistic information and expertise. A typical application for this technology is name
enhanced signals. searching since names have unique linguistic and cultural complications and extracting
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: names from data sources can be difficult.
Law enforcement POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:

Audio forensics Genealogy Fraud detection systems
Medical analysis Financial/banking industry Background checks
Medical record retrieval
TERMS KNOWN
LARGE DATA SETS TRANSLITERATED TERMS WITHIN DATABASE

Realistic Testing and Comparison of Voice Signals Automated Detection of Duplicate Audio
Method of Comparing Voice Signals That Reduces False Alarms and Voice Recordings
US PATENT # 7,650,281 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 1, 2028
Method of Identifying Duplicate Voice Recording
US PATENT # 7,571,093 | EXPIRES APRIL 18, 2028
This technology tests the robustness of a given voice-
matching algorithm by providing the algorithm with This technology detects duplicate audio and voice recordings in a sample collection
variants of a digital file. The testing done against the without relying on transcription or phonetic comparison for detection. This method
ORIGINAL
original voice sample could include time-reversal, is able to determine that two recordings of different lengths may be duplicates and two
segmented re-arrangement, or a mixture of both recordings of the same length may not be duplicates. This invention is independent
time-reversal and segmented re-arrangement. of the recordings language and content.
This approach produces a larger corpus from fewer
files, allowing for realistic testing under controlled POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
conditions. It also reduces the Equal Error Rate (EER) TIME-REVERSAL Voicemail systems
i.e., the rates of false acceptance and false rejection, Digital libraries
increasing performance in voice comparison methods.
Caller ID systems
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Conference calling systems
Voice matching systems
Auto-dialer detection systems
Authentication systems SEGMENTED
RE-ARRANGEMENT
Biometric systems Modeling Single-Class Data from Multi-Class Data
Method of Modeling Single Data Class from Multi-Class Data
This extensible technology isolates data (text, image, and voice) representing a target
class from heterogeneous data representing multiple data categories of the same
Identifying Digital Audio Signal Format type. The method may be applied to identify speech from a speaker of interest in an
Method of Identifying Digital Audio Signal Format audio stream containing speech from several other speakers, and extends naturally to
US PATENT # 7,620,469 | EXPIRES JULY 30, 2028 language and gender identification and more generally to image and text applications.
By automatically selecting data representing a particular class from multi-class data,
This technology identifies the format of a digital audio
nonessential artifacts may be removed from models trained on multi-class data,
signal, including signals that are either self-defining
thereby enhancing detection and identification capabilities. The complexity of
or headerless. Some audio signal file formats include
statistical models is also reduced, eliminating the need for costly memory swapping.
header information indicating the digital encoding
scheme, while other file formatsreferred to as POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
headerlessdo not indicate the encoding scheme. Speech applications such as speaker Improved classification accuracy
This technology automatically identifies file format, recognition, gender identification, in pattern recognition scenarios
an improvement over other methods, and reduces or language recognition Biometric data discrimination
or eliminates the need for human listening.
Audio forensics
Archiving and cataloguing audio libraries
Media systems

Recognizing Sounds of Speech of Any Language Automatic Voice Activity Detection in a Signal
Method of Combining Corpora to Achieve Consistency in Phonetic Labeling Device for and Method of Detecting Voice Activity
US PATENT # 7,430,503 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 27, 2026 US PATENT # 7,127,392 | EXPIRES JULY 9, 2025
Method of Recognizing Phones in Speech of Any Language Voice Activity Detector
US PATENT # 7,406,408 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 6, 2026 US PATENT # 6,556,967 | EXPIRES MARCH 12, 2019
This technology processes spoken sounds, independent of the language used, and This technology eliminates the need to manually search audio files for speech
translates them into text. Using a unique, universal alphabet comprised of phonetic content by automatically locating speech intervals that contain other signals such as
sounds from approximately 15 languages, this technology enables the ability to train music, noise, or empty space. It reports the start and stop times of these intervals
speech recognition systems to recognize sounds from different languages. relative to the beginning of the file, ignoring non-speech portions of the file. By
classifying signal segments as speech or non-speech, this technology improves the
Speech processing applications rely on their corpora for translationthat is, their
performance of speaker recognition systems by reducing the amount of bandwidth
internal database of text that aids in translation. Multi-lingual speech processing
and traffic to be analyzed.
applications typically require corpora from each language to be merged into one large
corpora. This is problematic, as the applications can sometimes produce inaccurate or POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
unintelligible results. This technologys built-in corpora, or database of writings, allows Automated transcription services Speaker recognition processing
speech processing applications to identify sounds from multiple languages without
VoIP and mobile telephony Noise suppression systems
the need for manual checking or outside databases.
Audio conferencing Frequency scanning equipment
Language training and evaluation of artificial intelligence
Foreign language and English as a Second Language (ESL)
courseware development
Medical and legal transcription and translation
Media and broadcasting
Government, military, and law enforcement applications
Morphological Text Processing Automated Separation of Handwritten

Method of Text Processing and Machine-Printed Images
US PATENT # 7,409,334 | EXPIRES MAY 12, 2026 Method of Distinguishing Handwritten and Machine-Printed Images
This technology draws on lexical morphology (a branch TEXTUAL UNIT
of linguistics) to improve processing of machine-readable This language-agnostic technology automatically characterizes documents as
text. This method of morphological text processing handwritten, machine-printed, or unknown, enabling quick scoring and storing of
provides all inflected forms, or any subset thereof, of an images. The technology can be useful in maximizing the accuracy of optical character
input word or group of words of a highly tone-varying recognition (OCR) applications, resulting in the capability to more accurately search
language. By cross-referencing the textual unit with and sort large document collections.
LEXICON RULES
a rules database and a lexicon database, the system DATABASE DATABASE POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
derives the words dictionary form to obtain all inflected
Document image collection
endings (suffixes) for that word. The output is a subset of
the inflected forms and information associated with the Document indexing
dictionary form and suffixes. Records management
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: DICTIONARY FORM
Language identification and analysis systems
ALL SUFFIXES
Automated systems for language translation
Word searches in large databases

Solving a Problem in Pattern Recognition KODA: Text Summarization
Method of Geometric Linear Discriminant Analysis Pattern Recognition Method of Summarizing Text Using Just the Text
US PATENT # 7,010,167 | EXPIRES SEPTEMBER 21, 2024 US PATENT # 6,904,564 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 7, 2023
This technology works against a core problem known as feature selection, which is KODA is able to quickly process large amounts of textual data sets, extract key phrases
seen in almost every pattern recognition problem. The Geometric Linear Discriminant or sentences, and reduce each document to a few representative passages. The depth
Analysis Pattern Recognition System diminishes the complexity of pattern recognition of detail is user-definable. The results provide users the ability to make rapid, accurate
systems by reducing the dimension of the observation space. System performance is decisions about whether the document is relevant to their needs. This technology
driven by accurate modeling. The ability to build good models is driven by the number can be applied to any search-like application that returns a large number of potential
of model parameters and the amount of data available to obtain reasonable estimates document matches.
of those model parameters. This technologys design enables better modeling and
better performing pattern recognition systems. This technology can also provide
a method for ranking and selecting features that are important to the classification Accurate summaries of search results listed
of objects and recognition of patterns. Efficient, accurate summaries of document lists such as transcripts or articles
Speech recognition
Machine readable
optical labels
Summarizing Text by Sentence Extraction

Method of Summarizing Text by Sentence Extraction
US PATENT # 6,990,634 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 26, 2023
This technology uses a simplified, internal algorithm to extract only those sentences
from text that convey the essential meaning, providing a concise summary of the
full text. The number of sentences is limited to provide a summary of the text with
only enough information for a user to determine whether or not to read the text in its
entirety. This technology produces a concise summary independent of any additional
input or evaluation upon which other mechanisms rely such as seed lists, common
expression information, analysis of number and patterns of stop words, or identification
of component words.
Condensed text for mobile applications
Search engine query results
Database entry summarization
Abstract development

Cyber
Cyber relates to information technology, computer hardware,
computer software, computer networks, or the internet. Oftentimes,
cyber describes the digital version of something that has a non-digital
counterpart. For example, cyberspace is the non-physical terrain
created by computer systems.
Navigating the safest and fastest path through cyberspace involves many
moving pieces. The ever-evolving cyber field presents opportunities for
dynamic solutions for information processing, networking, and physical,
hardware, and access security. Through novel research and design, NSA
is able to offer innovations that enable improved authentication, protect
an array of data ports, and provide other cyber security measures.
20 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 21

Data Port Protection Digital Camera Fingerprinting
Port Connector Securement Device Building a Digital Camera Fingerprint from Cropped or Corrupted Images
US PATENT # 9,559,462 | EXPIRES JUNE 1, 2035 US PATENT # 9,525,866 | EXPIRES APRIL 18, 2036
USB Port Protector
US PATENT # 8,449,309 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 16, 2032 Given a collection of digital images, this technology performs digital camera
Single-Use USB Port Protector fingerprinting without needing access to the source camera. Every camera sensor is
US PATENT # 8,414,314 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 14, 2031 unique and leaves a noise pattern in images that can be extracted and analyzed. By
Port Protector Assembly for D-Sub Connectors calculating the noise residual of a digital image, this technology generates a fingerprint
US PATENT # D662,894 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 24, 2024 for the camera, and then determines whether an image is associated to that fingerprint
This technology suite consists of patented devices (reusable and single-use) that or not. This method can perform fingerprinting from cropped or corrupted images
provide methods for blocking access to data ports, as well as tamper evidence when a unique feature compared to similar fingerprinting methods. Using a smarter sequence
bypassed. Increasingly, computer data ports are becoming a preferred method to of computations, it also provides better identification than existing methods and
covertly extract data or introduce malicious software into a computer system. As a reduces the number of calculations needed to complete the task.
result, the need to secure data ports from unauthorized access is becoming a priority POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
for security personnel and system administrators. These port protectors are an
Digital forensics
inexpensive solution to address a significant security vulnerability and can be easily
installed to provide an additional layer of security over software-based systems. Image analysis
Identity verification
With port protectors in place, users can deny, deter, and detect unauthorized access
to On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) ports in vehicles, HDMI ports, Universal Serial Bus (USB) Law enforcement
ports, and D-sub (DB9, DB15, DB25, DB26, and DVI) ports, as well as the removal of
USB cables, improving cyber defense and maintaining system integrity.
Data center security
Mobile device tamper evidence when traveling
Workstation, router, or network hub tamper evidence and deterrence
Computer Intrusion Anticipation, Detection,
Tamper evidence and deterrence on vehicle ports while vehicle is out of sight
and Remediation
Device for and Method of Computer Intrusion Anticipation, Detection, and Remediation
US PATENT # 8,898,784 | EXPIRES MAY 29, 2033
This invention enhances electronic network security in the same way that radar
improved weather forecasting improves safety, by providing advanced information
to experts who can then determine what, if any, protective action must be taken.
This technology anticipates network intrusion attempts, detects actual attempts, and
detects both existing and new malware. Improving on existing technology, the system
remedies intrusions by changing network topology, or the way in which constituent parts
are interrelated or arranged, countering computer traffic associated with the various
phases of intrusion and countering the source of the adversarial computer traffic.
Intrusion prevention systems (IPS)
Identity theft protection
Malware defense

Rapid Biometric Authentication Image-Projection Plus Facial Recognition
Method of Controlling a Transaction User Authentication
US PATENT # 8,886,952 | EXPIRES SEPTEMBER 9, 2033
Method of Image-Based User Authentication
This technology provides additional security to a computer transaction by projecting
a summary of transaction details onto a users face, then capturing the users spoken This technology enables greater security for access control systems. It combines
or gestured acceptance. The distortions created by projection onto the users face facial recognition technology with projection, rotation, and an image grid to the type
combined with facial recognition make it harder to forge a fraudulent transaction of user authentication system that verifies identity by selecting a particular image,
record for unauthorized use. With the number of electronic transactions growing which is then matched to a previous choice. To log in, the user selects an image from
every day, traditional security methods such as passwords or PIN-based controls may the grid that determines the pre-selected image to be projected onto the face with
become more prone to hacking attacks and other vulnerabilities. This capability can rotation. If the facial features and pattern images match the users profile, the user
enhance the security of transactional activity in practically any field, including banking, is authenticated. The combination of the users facial geometry, the correct image
e-commerce, and access control. manipulation, and the distortion of the image in the process of projection is evaluated
to authenticate the user. The system is more user friendly than obtrusive look here
technologies such as iris scans.
E-commerce
Identity authentication
Physical access control
Financial/banking transactions
Network user authentication
Access control
Identity verification for any
age group
State-Change Detector Tracking Activity of Removable Electronic Components

Device for and Method of Detecting SIM Card Removal and Reinsertion
Device for and Method of Determining Changes to GUI
This technology detects the removal and reinsertion or enable and disable of a
This invention provides a way of determining state changes to a graphical user
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, memory card, flash drive, hard drive, computer
interface (GUI)or, identifying what has changed on a users screenwithout
peripheral, or any component attached to an electronic device. Using time recording
having a user profile for each program. This method is more structured than previous
capabilities, the system can correlate the action, such as removal of an electronic
technology as it does not require the use of a configuration file or data from an
component, with other events associated with the device, activating alerts of
applications previous operation. Unlike existing systems that provide snapshot
unauthorized activity.
coverage, this invention provides a comprehensive coverage of changes, or real-time
monitoring. The technology could be used to enhance security access to computers, This invention takes detection to a new level by not just detecting an unauthorized device
computer networks, or other transactional activities. but detecting adversarial changes, activation, and interactions with legitimate devices.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Enhanced computer security applications Antitheft, anti-hacking,
Change control tracking, version state ON OFF and antivirus monitoring
history application or widget Mobile Management System (MDM) security
Braille processing, screen readers, Alerts for diagnostic equipment attachment
or other assistive technology or detachment (e.g., aviation diagnostics)
Parental-control software applications Cell phone usage tracking, including
parental controls and alerts
Home or office security systems

PULSE: MESH Network Routing Dynamic Network Traffic Rerouting
Device for and Method of Network Routing Device for and Method of Making Element Appear in Shortest Network Path by Minimal Decrements and
US PATENT # 8,443,105 | EXPIRES JANUARY 31, 2032 Increments
This technology characterizes the physical layer capabilities of a network device in one
simple measure to dynamically decide the best path based on the performance level This technology calculates a new shortest path in a network, allowing administrators to
of the next-hop neighbor. Traditional wireless ad hoc routing algorithms route traffic take advantage of underused links more effectively and reduce the network congestion
based on whether a path exists and disregard the physical layer limitations of wireless experienced by users. In telecommunication networks, it is often desirable to change
communication. With PULSE, however, routing decisions are distributed to individual link weights to produce path changes in a certain desired fashion. As new services
nodes on a next-hop basis, eliminating the need to determine the full path through the are added, certain sections of the network may become congested due to changes
network. This method increases throughput by directing traffic to less congested, more in the capacity of individual links. This technology enables administrators to reroute
capable paths and drastically reduces the overhead in both routing messages and the traffic efficiently in case a high-capacity link suddenly becomes available.
required information tracked by each node to direct packets. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Internet service providers
Distributed sensor networks used in upcoming Telecommunications carriers
IoT (e.g., electric meters passing usage data Vehicles (driverless cars)
back to company)
Geolocation / positioning system
Range and throughput extension of wireless
peer to peer networks (e.g., disaster relief
operations)
Military MESH networks
Select High-Level Privileges for Computer Users

Measuring Software Integrity with LKIM Method of Providing a Computer User with High-Level Privileges
Method and System for Program Execution Integrity Measurement US PATENT # 7,945,947 | EXPIRES MARCH 15, 2030
Methods and System for Program Execution Integrity Measurement This technology eliminates a common workflow problem caused by users not having
US PATENT # 7,904,278 | EXPIRES JANUARY 4, 2029 administrative access to their computers. Users are often locked out of certain
configurations or set-up functions, which can delay critical work until a network
This technology, the Linux Kernel Integrity Measurer (LKIM), verifies that running system
administrator either grants the user access or does the work themselves. Even
software has not been modified and is authorized to run on the system. Unlike other
administrators are locked out of certain parts of the system. Some versions of the
system integrity technologies like antivirus programs, LKIM does not require a database
Windows operating system lack the built-in interactive utility to launch a command
of known malware signatures and is capable of detecting modifications resulting from
shell that has the high-privileges of LocalSystem. This utility establishes a realm
previously unknown attacks. While LKIM was initially designed for Linux, there are
for so-called power users within specific environments while still logged in with
variations that extend to other operating systems (including Microsoft Windows and
regular credentials.
the Xen Hypervisor). Proper use of this technology increases confidence that running
systems, even those that might be known to be vulnerable to malicious attacks, have POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
not actually been compromised, making the system more trustworthy for its intended Advanced vulnerability or system analysis
purpose.
Emergency or backup administrative access
Measurement and attestation
System monitoring
Configuration control
Protecting access to network resources
Projecting trust across the network
Computer forensics

Objectively Assessing System Security Reliably Communicating Via Computer Network
Method of Assessing Security of an Information Access System Method of Reliably Communicating Via Computer Network
US PATENT # 7,895,659 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 8, 2029 US PATENT # 7,743,122 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 30, 2028
Popular security assessments of information access systems typically rely on such This invention increases the reliability
subjective labels as low, medium, or high, ignoring specific protection tradeoffs of network communications by adaptively
between intrusion and Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks. This technology objectively constraining the routing of communications
estimates the total vulnerabilities of an information access system that is protected by within a network. By identifying and
multiple verification mechanisms. The final estimation of system vulnerability is derived communicating between the hub and
from the combination of the error tradeoffs for each specific verification. leaf nodes and between hub nodes, the
technology is able to re-designate leaf
nodes as hub nodes and vice versa when RE-DESIGNATE
Technology/cyber security auditing firms needed, freeing up network resources and NODES
Security verification system providers strengthening network communications. INCREASE

RELIABILITY
This technology significantly improves
Creation of a comprehensive verification
network communications on systems that
product portfolio
commonly experience interruptions in data
TOTAL VULNERABILITY delivery due to the lack of availability
or bandwidth.
FINAL ESTIMATION
Multi-computer data transfer
Accelerated Batch Digital Signature Verification
Method of Identifying Invalid Digital Signatures Involving Batch Verification Network administration
US PATENT # 7,890,763 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 15, 2029 and communication
This technology provides three methods of identifying invalid

digital signatures in a group of signatures that have failed a
batch verification test. The first two methods offer significant
increase in speeds for processing batches of pairing-based Establishing Suitable Master Nodes in Computer Networks
digital signatures. The third method improves the efficiency of Method of Establishing and Updating Master Node in Computer Network
previous divide-and-conquer methods and has applications US PATENT # 7,738,504 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 26, 2029
to both pairing-based and non-pairing-based digital signatures.
In cluster type networks, a master node typically controls decision making and tasks
High-speed bulk processing of digital signatures commonly
non-master nodes. A master node may malfunction or a node may be added to a
starts with group processing until a failure occurs, at which point
network that is more suited to be the master node than the designated master node.
the process slows until bad signatures are segregated from the
remainder of the batch. These new methods speed up the step This technology establishes and updates a master node in a computer network by scoring
of segregating the bad signatures that caused the batch to fail, each node based on physical attributes, rather than subjective information entered into
allowing faster processing of large batches. metadata fields. The scoring methods do not require a global administrator to monitor
it, allowing administrators to focus on higher priority tasking.
Digitally signed banking transactions POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Electronic voting system verification Network management
Wireless network routing authentication Telecommunications
Ad hoc and peer-to-peer network authentication

Sensor/radio frequency identification (RFID)
access authentication

Computer Stack Protection Dual Counter Mode
Method of Protecting a Computer Stack Method of Packet Encryption that Allows for Pipelining
US PATENT # 7,581,089 | EXPIRES JANUARY 23, 2028 US PATENT # 7,406,595 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 26, 2026
This technology protects against malware that attempts Dual Counter Mode is a codebook encryption mode that combines features of several
to gain control by corrupting return addresses kept on previous modes to get the advantages of each while eliminating their flaws. The use
ROP
a computers stack. This is commonly known as return of two keystreams enables the encryption mode to be pipelined in hardware, unlike
oriented programming (ROP). ROP is one of the most vicious other modes that only allow pipelining on decryption. Pipelining is a more efficient
techniques malware authors use and easily encompasses method of encryption that allows packets to be decrypted as soon as they are received,
50% of malware today. This inventions approach modifies the ATTACKS preventing packets from bottlenecking and slowing down network performance.
hardware of a computers central processing unit (CPU) using
50%
a second stack to validate return addresses stored on the ENCOMPASS
existing stack. The systems hardware-based approach works High-speed data transmissions
transparently with unmodified binary applications and does Encrypted Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) or other packet-based networks
not degrade processing efficiency.
E-commerce security OF
Protection of network-enabled objects
MALWARE
TODAY
Cryptographic Key Exchange Using Efficient Elliptic Curve
Method of Generating Cryptographic Key Using Elliptic Curve and Expansion in Joint Sparse Form
and Using Same
Random Number Generation
Method of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Using Expansion in Joint Sparse Form
Device for and Method of Generating Pseudo-Random Sequence Uniformly Distributed over Any Range
Cryptographic Key Exchange Method Using Efficient Elliptic Curve
US PATENT # 6,993,136 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 28, 2023 This technology enables pseudo-random number generation distributed uniformly
This technology is a combination of three patented methods for generating a crypto- over any arbitrary user-definable range, including a range that is not a power of 2 or
graphic key between two users. The patents include the groundbreaking methods a prime number. Analog components are complex and difficult to implement, and
of identifying a digital signature using an efficient elliptic curve but also builds on multiple clock cycles significantly decrease the performance of the generator. This
previous technologies by adding a binary expansion in joint sparse form and a method technology provides increased performance over similar approaches by operating
of generating and verifying a cryptographic digital signature using coefficient splitting. without analog components and producing a random number sequence with each new
Further innovation includes a method of generating a cryptographic key using clock cycle.
coefficient splitting on two different classes of elliptic curves. This can be implemented POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
in both a non-authenticated key exchange method and an authenticated key exchange
Stochastic neural networks
method, minimizing the number of elliptic curve operations.
Gambling industry
Interactive gaming
Safeguarding confidential information
Identification generation
Secure digital banking transactions
Authentication methods

Proof of Unsatisfiability Solution Cryptographic Key Agreement
Method and System for Non-Linear State-Based Satisfiability Method of Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Key Agreement Using Coefficient Splitting
US PATENT # 7,380,224 | EXPIRES APRIL 14, 2026 US PATENT # 7,062,044 | EXPIRES JANUARY 21, 2025
Method and System for Non-Linear State-Based Satisfiability
US PATENT # 6,912,700 | EXPIRES MARCH 16, 2023 This technology efficiently generates cryptographic keys between users that have not
previously shared secret keys with each other using an elliptic curve. The design allows
This invention solves a system of generalized non-linear encrypted messages to be sent along unencrypted channels and decrypted by the
Boolean equations and enables users to prove either intended recipient upon receipt. This technology does not require extra computing
that a solution exists (Satisfiability) or does not exist time as well as can be implemented in a non-authenticated key exchange method
(Unsatisfiability). This method does not require the and in an authenticated key exchange method.
translation of the system of equations into Conjunctive
Normal Form (CNF) or to solve for all inputs such as POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs). Online financial transactions
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Secure web browsing and messaging
Evaluation of software systems Identity verification
Design and testing of integrated circuits or other complex devices or systems
Solving non-linear systems of Boolean equations
Implementation of satisfiability algorithms in computer programs
Secure, Efficient Firewall for Connectionless Network

Packets
Firewall for Processing a Connectionless Network Packet
Cryptographic Identification and Digital Signature
Firewall Security Apparatus for High-Speed Circuit Switched Networks Using Elliptic Curve
US PATENT # 6,141,755 | EXPIRES APRIL 13, 2018 Method of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Using Coefficient Splitting
This invention provides a secure and efficient firewall for connectionless network data Method of Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Using Expansion in Joint Sparse Form
packets, such as Internet Protocol (IP) data packets, while enabling high-speed data US PATENT # 7,024,559 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 15, 2024
transfer over a connection-oriented system such as an Asynchronous Transfer Mode Cryptographic Identification and Digital Signature Method Using Efficient Elliptic Curve
(ATM) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) network. US PATENT # 6,898,284 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 12, 2023
Connectionless communications involve transmission of each packet based on routing This group of patented technologies highlight enhanced uses of Elliptic Curve
information within the packet itself, rather than according to pre-established rules as in Cryptography (ECC) for cryptographic identification, cryptographic key generation
a connection-based network. The invention minimizes processing time by making an and exchange, and digital signatures. This approach is more efficient than existing
access determination only on the first occurrence of a new connectionless data flow. approaches due to reduced amount of resource requirements for each operation as
The results of this initial evaluationto approve or reject accessare then applied to well as a reduced number of required operations.
subsequently received packets associated with that flow. Comparison time is spent
only on packets that have a flow tag never encountered before. The more effective
processing improves firewall performance and reduces operating costs. Secure web browsing
Identity verification
Network management
Firewall security
Secure data transfer

Enhanced Forward Scattered Electron Imaging (FSEI) NetTop: Secure Computing Using Virtual Machines
Sample-Stand for Scanning Electron Microscope Device for and Method of Secure Computing Using Virtual Machines
US PATENT # 7,005,652 | EXPIRES SEPTEMBER 17, 2023 US PATENT # 6,922,774 | EXPIRES SEPTEMBER 28, 2023
Sample-Stage for Scanning Electron Microscope
US PATENT # 6,777,678 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 4, 2024 NetTop significantly reduces risks and recurring information technology (IT)
investment by allowing a user secure simultaneous access to multiple networks or
This technology brings Transmission Electron environments independent of the operating system or user applications on one
Microscope (TEM) quality to the less expensive machine. Public and private executives and IT managers are acutely aware of the risks in
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) by providing allowing their users access to proprietary, sensitive, or otherwise classified information,
information about the sample that is both surface and access to the internet from the same device. With this technology, users can seamlessly
sensitive and high resolution. This new technology window across multiple environments or networks accessing the same information and
enables improved high-resolution imaging on a applications. Each network or environment and its data is securely isolated from the other
general category of samples and eliminates the need without the need for multiple workstations at the end users location.
for additional hardware at a tremendous cost savings.
Financial/banking industry
Biomedical applications
Government use
Nanotechnology devices
Network administration
Microelectronics
HIGH RESOLUTION
LOW COST
Self-Authenticating Cryptography
Efficient Acknowledgement of Data Packets Self-Authenticating Cryptographic Apparatus
Method of Acknowledging Receipt of Data Packets US PATENT # 6,912,284 | EXPIRES JUNE 28, 2027
This encryption/decryption system incorporates a linear sequence generator and
This invention is an efficient method of reassembling, acknowledging, and transmitting provides encryption and authentication in a single process. The system enables
data packets by accounting for the received packets in groups rather than individually. self-authentication capability without the need for a parity check code. The result
The groups may be comprised of received data packets or gaps in the received data is an improved autokey cipher using infinite error extension while also possessing
packets. Both groupings provide a more efficient way of processing data packets. a high degree of cryptographic security.
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Network management Telecommunications
Wide area network (WAN) data transport Secure communication
Quality of Service (QoS) applications Encryption and authentication
Error detection
INCREASED
EFFICIENCY
ENCRYPTION
& DECRYPTION

One-Way, Secure Hashing Efficient, Compatible Key Escrow (Enabling Third-Party
Device for and Method of One-Way Cryptographic Hashing Access to Cryptographic Keys)
US PATENT # 6,829,355 | EXPIRES JUNE 5, 2022
Method of Passing a Cryptographic Key that Allows Third Party Access to the Key
US PATENT # 6,724,893 | EXPIRES JULY 16, 2021
This technology is a one-way cryptographic hash MESSAGE
algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm-2 (SHA-2), that This invention is a method of key escrow or passing a secret cryptographic key
provides a level of security commensurate with the between users so an authorized third party (e.g., law enforcement) can access the key.
standards of National Institute of Standards and This technology allows users to exchange keys in a secure, bandwidth-efficient manner.
Technologys (NIST) Advanced Encryption Standard
(AES). Hash algorithms are used frequently to transform ONE WAY With this method, a key recovery access field is embedded into the key pass method.
digital messages into shorter, digestible messages
HASH ALGORITHM The access field allows an authorized third party escrow agent to securely recover the
for security applications such as digital signatures or key should that become necessary. Alternate methods add steps that would allow
message authentication. This patented technology the second user to determine if the first user is complying with escrow aspects of the
enables security commensurate with NISTs AES method. This method could be applied in any communication system (e.g., email, text
standard while also conforming to NISTs elliptic messaging, voice) needing encryption to provide confidentiality between arbitrary
curve-based digital signature algorithms. members, to protect access to cryptographic keys during session establishment over
non-secure channels, and to enable secure recovery of those keys at a later date should
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: PASSWORD that be necessary.
Digital signatures POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Random number generation Secure corporate communication
Computer-to-computer communication (e.g., secure http) Encrypted data recovery
Password protection Corporate employee monitoring
Message authentication codes Parental controls
Randomizer Quality Test THIRD PARTY

Method of Testing a Randomizer AUTHORIZED
US PATENT # 6,798,883 | EXPIRES JANUARY 24, 2024 ACCESS
This technology tests the sufficiency of the output from a random number generator
(or randomizer) by taking samples of the data from within the randomizer, going Cryptography Using Modified Fractional Fourier
beyond traditional randomness tests that use the output from the randomizer. More
Transform Kernel
than just a pass/fail tester, which can produce false positives, this technology shows
Cryptographic Method Using Modified Fractional Fourier Transform Kernel
designers how to improve or fix the design of the randomizer in order to present US PATENT # 6,718,038 | EXPIRES JUNE 24, 2023
sufficiently random results.
This technology is a cryptographic method, using at least one component of a modified
fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) kernel, that enables an encrypted message header
Encryption testing, authentication, session keys, public keys to act as an electronic signature. This method encrypts digital signals by the sequential
Secure, private web browsing action of a modified FrFT kernel. The encryptor key is a set of positive numbers
controlling the phase, angle, exponent, FrFT kernel, and wavelet family. Decryption
Network/access security
is achieved by reversing the operations.
Generating identification numbers
Data processing and analysis
Secure digital communications

Hacker-Resistant Firewall Filter System for Information Network Traffic
Firewall for Processing Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Datagrams Over Filter System for Information Network Traffic
a Connection-Oriented Network US PATENT # 6,385,205 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 8, 2020
This technology is an improved hardware-only filter system for controlling data
This technology provides an efficient and hacker-resistant firewall for receiving packet traffic. Hardware-only and hardware and software combination devices are
Internet Protocol (IP) data packets, Asynchronous Transmission Mode (ATM) designed to optimize the performance of the network by evaluating packets and either
signaling, and ATM data. determining a specific destination or providing a filter to only pass designated packets.
Although a goal of a connectionless network such as an IP network is to ensure a data This filter addresses the challenge of improving network performance by increasing the
stream will reach its destination, there is a performance penalty (e.g., transmission speed at which evaluating and directing the packets takes place.
time, latency, etc.) associated with the additional information added to each packet. POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
To address these challenges, this technology enables efficient and secure processing
Network administration
using rules that can be based solely on one type of network (e.g., connection-
oriented or connectionless) as well as on one type of network in relationship to other Network security
types of networks.
This method yields a more efficient, more secure firewall
than networks that combine IP and connection-oriented
ATM by transmitting IP packets over an ATM transmission
channel (commonly referred to as IP over ATM).
Network management
Firewall security
Secure data transfer
Multi-Dimensional Anomaly Detection and Deviation

Identification
Method of Multi-Dimensionally Accentuating a Deviation in Information and Identifying its Cause
This technology can multi-dimensionally detect any anomalies in a transmitted

messages information and identify the cause of the deviation. The technique provides
an organized and manageable representation of communications activity to the user
that is comprehensive and easy to understand. The messages information can be
described with a variety of functions including entropy-based, temperature-based,
or energy-based, either separately or in any combination of functions.
DETECTS ANOMALIES
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: IN MESSAGES
Network security ENTROPY
BASED
External and internal intrusion
ENERGY
detection BASED
TEMPERATURE
BASED

Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT describes networks of objects that transmit data. These objects
may be connected to the internet, internal networks, or peer-to-
peer paths. IoT uses data gathering sensors and cloud computing
to make objects smart. As the demand for internet-enabled devices
continues to grow, NSA similarly continues to expand its development
of IoT technologies. The innovations in this section provide time and
cost-saving efficiencies, ensure accuracy of results, and improve/
replace complicated or expensive solutions for technologies in the
microelectronics and optic arenas.
40 Technologies for Licensing IoT NSA Technology Transfer Program 41

PULSE: MESH Network Routing Wideband Retroreflector
Device for and Method of Network Routing Wideband Retroreflector
US PATENT # 8,443,105 | EXPIRES JANUARY 31, 2032 US PATENT # 7,383,026 | EXPIRES JANUARY 26, 2027
This technology characterizes the physical layer capabilities of a network device in one This wideband retroreflector provides signal retransmission with low power in a compact
simple measure to dynamically decide the best path based on the performance level design. This invention can significantly improve communications and remote-sensing
of the next-hop neighbor. Traditional wireless ad hoc routing algorithms route traffic applications including air traffic control, ground-to-satellite communications, and
based on whether a path exists and disregard the physical layer limitations of wireless high-rate data transfer from radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors. The system
communication. With PULSE, however, routing decisions are distributed to individual can also improve communications within or between structures by enhancing signals
nodes on a next-hop basis, eliminating the need to determine the full path through in areas with weak wireless reception.
the network. This method increases throughput by directing traffic to less congested,
The invention consists of an antenna, a circulator, and a mixer, and eliminates the need
more capable paths and drastically reduces the overhead in both routing messages
for a local oscillator and local transmitter. This compact design makes the system easy to
and the required information tracked by each node to direct packets.
deploy and maintain in remote locations. There are minimal power requirements because
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: the power comes from an illuminating transmitter and antenna. This technology also
Distributed sensor networks used in upcoming handles high bandwidths more effectively than current systems.
IoT (e.g., electric meters passing usage data back POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
to company)
Remote or dangerous area data collection
Range and throughput extension of wireless peer LOW POWER
Vehicle-to-vehicle, or vehicle to stationary COMPACT DESIGN
to peer networks (e.g., disaster relief operations)
object communication and vice versa
Military MESH networks (e.g., updates to/from or between manual
or self-driving vehicles)
Flexible Circuit Unmanned aerial vehicle swarms
Method of Fabricating a Flexible Organic Integrated Circuit Gamification
Method of Thinning Semiconductor Other Publications Wafer of Smaller Diameter
than Thinning Equipment Was Designed for
Fabricating and Integrating Decoupling Capacitors
This invention is a method of fabricating flexible Method of Fabricating and Integrating High Quality Decoupling Capacitors
organic integrated circuits (ICs) such as flexible US PATENT # 7,297,613 | EXPIRES JULY 28, 2026
substrates used for large area displays, identification
This technology is a method of fabrication and integration for high-quality decoupling
tags, electronic paper, etc. This technology
capacitors with high capacitance values, low parasitic losses, and long-term reliability.
enables assembly of ICs requiring high
This method produces very high yields, enables other passive elements to be placed
temperature processes, which in turn enables
very close to the processor (or other associated integrated circuit (IC)), and provides
higher system performance at lower power
improved signal integrity between components on ICs.
consumption rates.
High performance processor systems
Wearable and conformal electronics
Mobile or miniature electronics
Flexible ICs with irregular shapes
Large-area displays
Identification tags

CICADA: Synchronizing Time without a Broadcast Signal Low-Loss Fiber Chip Alignment
Method of Synchronization without Broadcasting Synchronization Signal Photonic Integrated Circuit and Method of Fabricating Same
US PATENT # 7,227,858 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 25, 2025 US PATENT # 7,128,476 | EXPIRES APRIL 13, 2025
This technology synchronizes time using environmental triggers to ensure that This invention is a method of aligning optical fiber to a photonic integrated chip
nodes (e.g., computer or telecommunication) are working in sync. After the desired that results in lower back reflections.
environmental conditions are set, the node remains in a sleeping state until those
Fiber optic technology is used in a variety of computer and communications
conditions are met. Synchronization can occur without using radio signals, Wi-Fi,
applications due to its high data transmission rates compared to traditional copper
or cellular networks, which reduces susceptibility to loss of service and detectability.
wire. Since computers and communications devices still operate using electrical
Without the need for battery power, the technology is able to conserve energy between
signals, optical signals received must be translated to electrical signals, and vice versa,
intervals of time, making it suitable for potential use in extreme environmental situations.
for communication to take place over optical fibers. For effective signal conversion,
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: optical fibers must be precisely aligned with appropriate devices for translation.
Sensors This easily scalable and inexpensive method results in lower insertion losses, easier
Triggering recording equipment alignment, and a more rugged package.
for studies or documentaries POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Military and emergency operations
Synchronizing resource constrained
Telecommunications
Computer networking SCALABLE
INEXPENSIVE
embedded systems
Medical tools, such as magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) machines
Clearer Imaging for Integrated Circuits

EASIER
Method of Surface Preparation and Imaging for Integrated Circuits ALIGNMENT
US PATENT # 7,183,123 | EXPIRES JUNE 4, 2025
Method of Surface Preparation and Imaging for Integrated Circuits
US PATENT # 7,019,530 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 20, 2024
These semiconductor analysis techniques allow clear imaging of the components in an Optical Clock Recovery Device Using Non-Linear
integrated circuit (IC) to be obtained from the top and backside perspectives without Optical Waveguides
adding, altering, or removing elements to the IC. Optical Clock Recovery Device Using Non-Linear Optical Waveguides
These techniques enable clear imaging without staining or
removing the upper layers of metal on the chip. This allows This technology provides an all-optical timing extraction device using the non-linear
enhanced viewing of the interconnects, which reside characteristics of optical waveguides for counter-propagating pulses. This invention
at the lowest level of the chip, and analysis by multiple can resolve timing delays between pulses on the order of a few picoseconds, keeping
conventional imaging techniques. the signal intact.
IC analysis imaging techniques are used during failure POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:

analysis. Interconnects are a frequent source of failure in Optical communications systems
an integrated circuit; clear inspection greatly reduces
the number of defective parts.
Reverse engineering integrated circuits
Chemical laboratory analysis
Failure analysis, quality control
Counterfeit IC detection

Acousto-Optic Bandpass Filters Recovering a Gate-Level Netlist from
Tension-Tuned Acousto-Optic Bandpass Filter a Transistor-Level Netlist
Method of Recovering a Gate-Level Netlist from a Transistor-Level
Chirped Fiber Acousto-Optic Bandpass Filter US PATENT # 6,190,433 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 10, 2018
US PATENT # 6,580,841 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 8, 2021
Acousto-Optic Bandpass Filter This technology provides high-level abstraction to describe integrated circuits (IC),
US PATENT # 6,556,729 | EXPIRES AUGUST 11, 2021 where layout information for the gates contained in the IC is not known. Various
tools have been created to quickly analyze an IC based on a textual description
This group of patented acousto-optic bandpass filters provide three varying methods
of transistor connections (or a transistor-level netlist) and layout of the IC. In many
of enabling one or more wavelength bands to be selected for further transmission.
instances, however, the layout of the IC is not available, resulting in missing or unknown
Signal switching is an important function in telecommunications. With the move to
gate-level netlist information. This technology enables recovery of different circuit
fiber optic cable transmissions, the demand for lower costs and higher switching
implementations of a particular gate function using a single functional description of
speeds steadily increased, resulting in an increased need for optical switching. These
the gate function in question.
technologies perform the function of bandpass filters at a lower cost, with lower power
consumption, lower optical insertion loss, more versatility, and greater reliability than POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
other bandpass filter technologies. Integrated circuit design
High performance fiber optic systems HIGH SPEED Integrated circuit analysis
requiring switching, equalization, and tuning

Telecommunications networks
&
Integrated circuit component devices LOW COST
Timer Circuit Utilizing Thermal Effect
Timer Circuit Utilizing Thermal Effect DESCRIPTION
This technology is a timer circuit that utilizes the thermal runaway effect. The timer
circuit includes a switch, resistor, transistor, and protective device. While the use of
similar circuits may be necessary for situations requiring high precision, many of them
contain additional components, such as clocks, which make the timer circuit more
complicated, larger, and more susceptible to failure.
In this technology, the cycle of current flow
is designed to activate a protective device,
which acts as a time indicator and disconnects
the power to protect the transistor from
damage. The result is a process that is less
complicated and more reliable than other
INCREASE IN EXOTHERMIC
existing methods. Its typical limits are from REACTION RATE REACTION
0.1 seconds to 5 seconds of delay, set by the
operating parameters.
Thermal trigger and timer for home automation
HEAT
Timer circuit for door locks for home, office,
HEAT
or vehicles
ESCAPE
Integrated circuit for a startup delay or watchdog timer

Mobility
Mobility can be generally defined as a technology or methodology
that enables the free and efficient movement of data, things, people,
or services. NSA has long applied its intelligence and expertise to
the mobility field by finding new ways to ensure that information
is transported both safely and securely. The technologies in this
section have numerous applications in several fields including signals
processing, physical security, and communications.
48 Technologies for Licensing Mobility NSA Technology Transfer Program 49

Improving a Maritime Communications System Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices
AIS Demodulator for Unknown Carrier Phase and Baud Alignment Biomimetic Voice Identifier
US PATENT # 8,665,997 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 28, 2032 US PATENT # 8,442,825 | EXPIRES JANUARY 18, 2032
Infinite Impulse Response Resonator Digital Filter
This technology improves functionality of the Automatic Identification System (AIS), US PATENT # 8,396,912 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 15, 2031
a maritime communications system used for ship tracking, collision avoidance, search
and rescue, and port security. Unlike existing technology, the system can demodulate The technology provides multiple speaker
communications signals even when transmission characteristics are largely unknown identification by identifying voices (or other sounds)
or interference is present. The demodulator can function on a signal that transmits data in a manner that uniquely mimics the essence of
at a known baud rate but which has an unknown carrier frequency, an unknown carrier the ear-to-brain interconnection through extensive
phase, and an unknown preamble (the pause in transmission just before a signal human voice identification learning and recognition
reaches a receiver), reducing the risk of at-sea collisions. training. The object is real-time or faster voice
identification needing only relatively simple
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: computing resources. Specifically, this invention
Ship or drone tracking and collision looks for prosody matches (spectral patterns over
avoidance time periods) that were trained into a software
Water-based search and rescue Artificial Neural Network (ANN)based model.
Although intended to be used together, the REAL-TIME VOICE
Port security Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter patent can IDENTIFICATION
be singularly applied to other uses as well.
Voice recognition for home automation
Sound detection for security systems
Tracking Activity of Removable Electronic Components Assistive technology
Device for and Method of Detecting SIM Card Removal and Reinsertion Audio forensics
Biomimetic voice systems
This technology detects the removal and reinsertion or enable and disable of a
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, memory card, flash drive, hard drive, computer
Coherent Demodulation of GMSK-AIS Signals
peripheral, or any component attached to an electronic device. Using time recording
Coherent Demodulation of AIS-GMSK Signals in Co-Channel
capabilities, the system can correlate the action, such as removal of an electronic US PATENT # 8,275,077 | EXPIRES MARCH 26, 2031
component, with other events associated with the device, activating alerts of
unauthorized activity. Originally implemented for the US Navy, the Automatic Identification System (AIS)
system transmits a burst Gaussian Minimum Shift Keyed (GMSK) signal designed
This invention takes detection to a new level by not just detecting an unauthorized device
to alert ships of other nearby ships. This technology is an improved method of
but detecting adversarial changes, activation, and interactions with legitimate devices.
demodulating GMSK AIS signals that does not require user-specific training codes
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: and does not utilize an equalizer.
Antitheft, anti-hacking, and antivirus monitoring In this technology, the GMSK signal is basebanded, which enhances favorable signal
Mobile Management System (MDM) security qualities and decorrelates interfering signals. The error rate is also significantly reduced
by using and applying poly-bit matched filters and a Viterbi decoding algorithm.
Alerts for diagnostic equipment attachment
or detachment (e.g., aviation diagnostics) The technology also does not require preamble codes.
Cell phone usage tracking, including parental POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
controls and alerts
Demodulation of GMSK signals with co-channel interference
Home or office security systems
Improved AIS signal processing

Determining a Coherence Measurement Reusable Tamper-Indicating Tube
for a Digital Signal Reusable Tamper Indicating Transport Tube
Device for Determining a Coherence Measurement for a Digital Signal That
Does Not Require Spectral Estimation
US PATENT # 8,200,731 | EXPIRES APRIL 13, 2031 This reusable tamper-indicating tube can be used to securely
transport large drawings and other documentation without
This technology estimates digital signal coherence in support of processing systems damaging or distorting them.
that generate frequency estimates as inputs to large-scale decision operations.
Coherence is a measurement of spectral sharpness, by comparison to a pure sinusoid The tamper-evident tube comprises an outer tube with cap, an
whose coherence is 100%. inner tube with cap, an inner tube locking mechanism, and an
outer tube locking mechanism that is affixed to the peripheral
Using methods alternative to involved frequency analysis, this method is able to exploit surface of the outer cap. This device provides a high level of
different signal features and does not require thresholds to obtain coherence figures- security and is tamper evident.
of-merit. This invention uses efficient algorithms resulting in real time output and the
graphical output has easy-to-analyze results. The graphical user interface (GUI) is POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
intuitive and can function on any tablet, laptop, or desktop platform using Windows Transporting sensitive architectural and mechanical drawings
operating systems. Proprietary couriers
Signal processing
Radar/sonar detection
Materials fault discovery Transmitter Geolocation
Method of Locating a Transmitter
Medical scanning US PATENT # 8,068,850 | EXPIRES SEPTEMBER 29, 2030
Structural integrity testing
This technology geolocates uncooperative transmitters at a centralized control station
via TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival) without requiring complex equipment at each
receiving station and therefore greatly reduces the cost of operations. Geolocation
Reusable Tamper-Evident Bag Closure is performed by subtracting the communications link time delay from the time of
Reusable Tamper Indicating Bag Closure arrival for each received signal. Alternately, it can be performed by calculating the
US PATENT # 8,196,442 | EXPIRES AUGUST 21, 2031 communications link TDOA for each pair of receiving stations and subtracting the
result from the TDOA calculated from the received signal.
This bag closure has multiple tamper-indication features so that a user can easily verify
if the package has been tampered with or compromised. Multiple bag closure options POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
also allow the bag to be used in several different ways in order to meet specific transport Mobile geolocation services
needs. This tamper-evident bag closure is defined by a lid with multiple hasps and a base
Military and law enforcement
with knobs that attach to the bag.
This technology can be used to maintain a chain of custody to provide the user with
the assurance that the content being protected has not been compromised.
Transporting sensitive documents from
medical facilities, government offices,
courts, and banks
Transporting portable computing devices
Maintaining integrity of legal evidence

Reusable Tamper-Evident Cargo Seal Measuring Voice Signal Enhancement
Tamper Evident Cargo Seal Method of Measuring Degree of Enhancement to Voice Signal
US PATENT # 8,052,180 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 20, 2030 US PATENT # 7,818,168 | EXPIRES AUGUST 18, 2029
This technology is designed to protect cargo shipments This technology measures the degree of enhancement made to a voice signal,
from tampering, theft, counterfeiting, and introduction reducing the need for human arbitrations and other various listening tests.
of hazardous or other unwanted material. A hasp closure Statistically, voice signals are non-stationary, changing over time. The more a signal
secures access to containers like bulk cargo containers or becomes corrupted, however, the more stationary its distribution of values becomes.
storage building doors, and a reusable, serialized tamper- In this technology, the degree of reduction in the signals distribution indicates
indicating seal provides easy visual tamper indication. the degree of enhancement made to the signal. This invention quantifies the voice
enhancement by comparing how stationary the distribution of values are between
original and enhanced signals.
Industrial security
International shipments
Law enforcement
Awareness of unauthorized entry to a secured area such
as a room, cargo area, or luggage compartment Audio forensics
Medical analysis
Wideband Signal Geolocation
Device for and Method of Geolocation
This patented device processes large-length, wideband signals, even at very low
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), to geolocate an electromagnetic transmitter. The method
also extends methods for real-valued signals to handle complex-valued signals,
which simplifies geolocation modeling of electromagnetic signals (e.g., when Determining Range and Velocity of an Object
base-banding is required). Method of Signal Processing for Determining Range and Velocity of an Object
Two receivers, whose locations and velocities are known, receive a real-valued
Method of Signal Processing
transmitted signal. The signals are digitized, converted to complex-valued, and the US PATENT # 7,545,325 | EXPIRES JULY 28, 2027
method computes the difference in radial velocities of the receivers relative to the
transmitter. The difference in radial velocities and the difference in arrival times of the This technology combines two patented methods to finding range and velocity of a
signal at the receivers are used to geolocate the transmitter with precision exceeding transmitter in a radar system using a time scale factor. The first technology (7,545,325)
standard cross ambiguity function (CAF)based methods. determines the position and velocity of a transmitter over a wide range of bandwidths,
wherein the position and velocity are determined using a scalar relationship
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: dependent on the radial velocity of the transmitter with respect to the receiver.
Electromagnetic transmitter geolocation The second technology (7,755,536) models the Doppler process as a time shift and
Search and recovery applications change of scale of the original signal. Unlike other methods, this combined process
resamples the signal at a rational multiple of the original sample rate, enabling efficient
Geolocation of mobile phones
implementation of the scale correlation function.
Wildlife tracking
Geolocation
Radar processing application
Fixed transceiver tracking applications

Rapid Encoding and Decoding of Signals Code Generation that Minimizes Error Propagation
with Binary BCH Codes Method of Code Generation that Minimizes Error Propagation
Method of Encoding Signals with Binary Codes
REDUCES
When transmitting binary data, encoding schemes make the resulting waveform more
Method of Decoding Signals Having Binary BCH Codes
US PATENT # 7,694,207 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 4, 2029 immune to noise and interference. One class of transmission codes, block or line codes, are
These inventions embody methods of rapidly encoding ERROR used to modulate binary symbols 0 and 1. There is a need to minimize error propagation
in a line code, subject to information rate, ones density, and maximum run length. This
and decoding block codes in communications signals
for the purpose of error detection and correction. By
CORRECTION technology generates a line code so that error propagation is minimized. Other alternatives
TIME
create more work by increasing the output error rate; this method, however, works with
taking advantage of the fast binary syndrome calculations existing error Correction Codes by presenting a lower number of errors.
to identify error-free blocks at initiation, the decoding
40%
technology reduces the overall time in software error BY
correction of long binary Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem Satellite communications
(BCH) codes by as much as 40% over other known Free space optical communications
methods. The encoding technology uses the decoding
Fiber optics
methods first step results to derive check values. The
method applies to any binary cyclic codes, including Integrated circuits
cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), and requires no branch
processing as it is data independent.
Applications conforming to interoperability standards (such as FNBDT/SCIP)
Networks using multiple communication protocols such as ISDN, PTSN, and IP
Removing Noise and Interference from a Signal
Method of Removing Noise and Interference from Signal
Estimating Digital Signal Frequency Method of Removing Noise and Interference from Signal Using Peak Picking
Method of Estimating Digital Signal Frequency
US PATENT # 7,715,996 | EXPIRES JUNE 25, 2028 Method of Generating Time-Frequency Signal Representation Preserving Phase Information
This technology uses a simple differentiation operation to estimate frequency
compared to other processes. This technique is free of localization constraints This technology is a combination of three patents that remove noise and interference
and can resolve time and frequency equally well. This technology improves upon from speech signals. Unlike previous noise and interference removal methods, this
existing technology by having all operations performed in the time domain and technology is able to preserve phase information contained in a signal, which is critical
without any filtering. for reconstructing the waveform after noise removal, and adequately identify and
separate the signal and non-stationary interference components.
Digital spectral estimations
Mobile telecommunications
Radar, sonar, and telephony signal processing
Voice-over-IP applications
Complex modulation structures

Realistic Testing and Comparison of Voice Signals Estimating a High Frequency Carrier Signal
Method of Comparing Voice Signals That Reduces False Alarms Method of Estimating a High Frequency Carrier Signal
US PATENT # 7,650,281 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 1, 2028 US PATENT # 7,444,128 | EXPIRES JULY 22, 2027
This technology tests the robustness of a given voice- This technology estimates the carrier frequency of a mistuned high frequency (HF)
matching algorithm by providing the algorithm with single sideband signal from the structure of the underlying speech signal. Relying on
variants of a digital file. The testing done against the the structure found in voiced speech signals, this technology processes the observed
original voice sample could include time-reversal, pitch harmonics to estimate the signal carrier frequency, which eliminates the need for
segmented re-arrangement, or a mixture of both ORIGINAL manual tuning of the receiver and ensures that the signal is tuned correctly each time.
time-reversal and segmented re-arrangement.
This approach produces a larger corpus from fewer
files, allowing for realistic testing under controlled Ham (radio) operators
conditions. It also reduces the Equal Error Rate (EER)
i.e., the rates of false acceptance and false rejection,
increasing performance in voice comparison methods.
TIME-REVERSAL
Military use
Linguistic analysis NO
Voice matching systems
MANUAL
Authentication systems
Biometric systems
SEGMENTED
RE-ARRANGEMENT
TUNING
Range Limited Antenna N E E DE D
Range Limited Antenna
Range Limited Antenna
Amplifying a Digital Signal
This technology is a Range Limited Antenna (RLA) containing two or more antenna Method of Amplifying a Digital Signal and Device Therefor
elements arranged in sets. The technology features a radio frequency (RF) signal US PATENT # 7,400,194 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 24, 2026
processing network connected to paired sets of antenna elements so the antenna is This technology enables all-digital power amplification suited for small, battery-
sensitive to signals within a Region of Interest (ROI) and insensitive to signals outside operated devices. Utilizing a sleep mode for the switching amplifier prolongs the
the ROI. Since the impinging signal sources in most RF environments are distributed battery life and increases efficiency in power usage. Reduced electromagnetic
over a very wide physical area, each signal must be analyzed and identified interference (EMI), which can degrade performance in surrounding elements, allows
manually, though much of the spectrum is dynamic and cannot be easily classified. the amplifier to be employed without additional shielding. Both of these qualities make
This technology solves this problem, allowing users to determine the approximate the system easier to conceal and reduce the cost of production.
range of the signal source from the antenna array. The design supports an operating
frequency range of 1MHz to 3GHz and allows adjustments to cut-off, radius- POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
attenuation rate, frequency band, and sensitivity. MP3 players
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Hearing aids
Small-radius radio operations
(airport towers, special ops command vehicles)
Warehousing a close-range radio-frequency
identification (RFID) tracking
Detecting, monitoring, and locating
unlicensed emitters
Broadcast systems that deal with
cross-interference from competing signals

Wideband Retroreflector Single Frequency Repeater
Wideband Retroreflector Single Frequency Repeater
US PATENT # 7,383,026 | EXPIRES JANUARY 26, 2027 US PATENT # 7,346,311 | EXPIRES AUGUST 23, 2026
This wideband retroreflector provides signal retransmission with low power in a This technology is a single frequency repeater that retransmits a signal at the same
compact design. This invention can significantly improve communications and remote- frequency and at a higher power level. The repeater is also designed to avoid problems
sensing applications including air traffic control, ground-to-satellite communications, associated with feedback and concurrent oscillation. This technique requires less
and high-rate data transfer from radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors. The spectrum than retransmitting at a second frequency while still eliminating feedback.
system can also improve communications within or between structures by enhancing
The single plane design of this technology makes it adaptable to different locations,
signals in areas with weak wireless reception.
and its ability to adjust to different frequencies enable it to be useful to a large variety
The invention consists of an antenna, a circulator, and a mixer, and eliminates the need of communication devices.
for a local oscillator and local transmitter. This compact design makes the system easy to
deploy and maintain in remote locations. There are minimal power requirements because
the power comes from an illuminating transmitter and antenna. This technology also SCADA range extension applications (e.g., power plants or refineries)
handles high bandwidths more effectively than current systems. Local Area Network (LAN) repeaters
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS: Cellular applications
Remote or dangerous area data collection
Vehicle-to-vehicle, or vehicle to stationary
LOW POWER
object communication and vice versa COMPACT DESIGN
(e.g., updates to/from or between manual REPEATER
or self-driving vehicles)
Unmanned aerial vehicle swarms
Gamification Impedance Matching RF Open Wire Transmission Lines
Device for Impedance Matching Radio Frequency Open Wire Transmission Lines
vehicle swarms US PATENT # 7,283,015 | EXPIRES DECEMBER 13, 2025
Gamification
This technology is an innovative device for impedance matching along open wire
lines. The invention is adjustable, easy to manufacture, and doesnt have issues such
Reusable Tamper-Evident Bag as sliding contact noise. The device is engineered with a balanced transmission line
Reusable Tamper Evident Envelope and a movable dielectric plate that, when moved, is able to increase or decrease
US PATENT # 7,350,689 | EXPIRES OCTOBER 17, 2026 impedance and linearly change the phase. As a result, this device matches impedance
This invention provides the ability to initiate roundtrip courier services without during transmission in a manner that significantly reduces noise.
including supplemental supplies or complex procedures. The technology provides POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
couriers a tamper-indicating bag that can be reused while still maintaining a
Applications with a practical frequency range of 100 MHz to 5 GHz
characteristic level of confidentiality and security.
(i.e., cell phones, GPS, Wi-Fi, etc.)
The dual-seal characteristic of this container allows items to be outbound couriered, Antenna applications
the primary seal inspected and certified by a recipient, and a return trip initiated using
Any radio frequency transmission applications
the containers secondary seal.
Courier services MATCHES SIGNIFICANTLY
Industrial or medical packaging
IMPEDANCE REDUCES
NOISE
Sealed court/medical/banking documents
DURING
Transporting proprietary or confidential documents
Situations requiring return-receipt completion TRANSMISSION
evidence and certification

CICADA: Synchronizing Time without a Broadcast Signal Shredder Residue Dispersion System
Method of Synchronization without Broadcasting Synchronization Signal Shredder Residue Dispersion System
US PATENT # 7,227,858 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 25, 2025 US PATENT # 6,820,830 | EXPIRES JULY 21, 2023
This technology synchronizes time using environmental triggers to ensure that This shredder residue dispersion system directs shredded document residue into
nodes (e.g., computer or telecommunication) are working in sync. After the desired multiple residue receptacles in order to thwart reassembly. The system increases the
environmental conditions are set, the node remains in a sleeping state until those security of a standard shredder by dispersing the shredded paper into multiple bins
conditions are met. Synchronization can occur without using radio signals, Wi-Fi, on a continuous basis, ensuring that no one document will be complete in any one
or cellular networks, which reduces susceptibility to loss of service and detectability. residue bag.
Without the need for battery power, the technology is able to conserve energy between
intervals of time, making it suitable for potential use in extreme environmental situations.
Safeguarding propriety information
Financial or banking industry
Sensors
Medical recordkeeping
Triggering recording equipment
for studies or documentaries
Military and emergency operations
Synchronizing resource constrained
embedded systems
Multiple Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive

Tamper-Evident Label
Tamper-Evident Label with Multiple Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives of Different Sensitivity
Reusable Tamper-Indicating Label Fixture
Reusable Tamper Evident Security Device This invention is a label that is coated with multiple adhesives, providing tamper-
US PATENT # 7,201,410 | EXPIRES AUGUST 14, 2025 detection security to multiple vulnerable environmental situations. Coating labels
with only one type of adhesive allows them to be removed without any evidence of
This invention enables labels to be mounted on surfaces that normally do not work tampering. This tamper-evident label is backed with a pattern of three different types
well with pressure-sensitive labels like concrete, unfinished wood, or slick surfaces. of pressure-sensitive adhesives that offset three specific potential attemptsextreme
The reusable, tamper-indicating label fixture is a scalable unit designed to provide high temperatures, extreme low temperatures, and the use of common solvents
a disposable, smooth surface upon which to affix tamper-indicating labels. The fixture to lift the label intact.
consists of two base units with disposable blank labels in each.
Industrial security
Inventory or evidence security for banks or
law enforcement Confidential information security
Medicine or food storage and transport Medicine or food storage

and transport
SENSITIVE TO:
HIGH TEMPS
LOW TEMPS
SOLVENTS

Estimating Signal Frequency Feature Removal Using Wavelet and Fourier
Method of Estimating Signal Frequency Transformation
Method of Feature Extraction Using Combination of Wavelet and Fourier Transformation
This technology estimates the frequency of a signal using multidimensional Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), where the signal is converted to a row vector and segmented. This This method removes user-definable frequencies from a signal. The technology
solves the common problem of detecting weak tones in noise and estimating the measures high frequency signals in various cluttered environments at high sampling
frequency of the tone. This invention is both able to resolve multiple signals and resolve rates to perform front-end downsampling to only those frequency bands with signals
signals separated by less than the width of one transform cell. of interestsuch signals can be adaptively followed with a suitable tracker. Though
originally implemented in MATLAB, the technology can also be implemented on Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and other modern Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Data communications architectures. This method is a more efficient frequency removal process than prior
Speech detection methods and can be applied to signals containing a number of samples.
High-resolution spectral estimation POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
Resolving signals in a search or threat warning application Internet of Things (IoT) sensors
Cognitive radio applications
Radar applications
Streamlined Synchronization
Method of Identifying Boundary of Markerless Codeword
US PATENT # 6,560,745 | EXPIRES NOVEMBER 15, 2021
This technology provides a simplified method of error detection and correction

when encoding and decoding synchronization between communication devices. All
communication transmissions experience noise and errors, creating a need for error
detection and correction. Information lost in chunks, or burst errors, can cause users
to miss important data that is often difficult to recover. This technology enables blind
synchronization to occur, removing the need to implement redundant transmissions,
reducing the size of the transmission, and increasing the error detection and correction
rates typically lost on burst errors.
Medical equipment Data Signal Conversion
Device for Converting Multiple Signal Types to NRZ Format with Automatic Self-Test
Radio/satellite communications US PATENT # 6,246,348 | EXPIRES FEBRUARY 23, 2020
This device converts data signals in a Non-Return-To-Zero (NRZ) format into one
of a variety of other user-selectable signal formats. Signals are transmitted in a wide
range of formats, voltage levels, and speeds, which can result in signal format
compatibility issues. The design of this technology eliminates the need and expense
for additional procedures, equipment, and/or training typically needed to process
varying signal formats.
EFFICIENT POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:
ERROR DETECTION Coded data generation or conversion
& CORRECTION
COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION
DEVICE DEVICE

References

Legislation, Policy, and Guiding Principles NSA Innovation
NSA promotes innovative collaboration between its world-class technical workforce and external
The NSA Office of Research and Technology Applications (ORTA) Technology Transfer Program partners to more rapidly overcome mission challenges. Partnerships executed by NSA ORTA
(TTP) was established by a series of federal laws that promote technology transfer. These between Agency innovators and outside organizations fulfill this Agency-wide focus.
laws, as well as subsequent federal policies, White House directives, and Agency-wide goals,
constitute the legal framework and guiding principles for the NSA ORTA. Successful transfer
and commercialization of NSA technologies: NSA Research Directorate Goals
Gives traction to the Federal Governments annual commitment to research NSA ORTA is located within the Agencys Research Directorate (RD). Technology transfer
and development, now totaling over $145 billion partnerships executed by ORTA help RD meet its mission goals to create solutions for customers
Accelerates NSA mission solutions and partners, maintain cryptologic excellence, and collaborate across boundaries.
Creates new companies, new jobs, and new revenue
Strengthens the economy which in turn strengthens national security
Federal Technology Transfer Legislation and Executive Actions

The NSA ORTA TTP is built upon a federal legislation and policy framework that dates from 1980.
This guiding framework enables the transfer of federal technology to the nonfederal sector to
share the benefits of the national investment in research and development. Bidirectional sharing
between federal laboratories and private industry includes technologies, personnel, facilities,
methods, expertise, and technical information in general. Key technology transfer and Executive
Actions include:
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980
Bayh-Dole Act of 1980
Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986
Executive Order 12591 of 1987
Presidential Memo on Technology Transfer of 2011
White House Office of Science and Technology Policy
Cross Agency Priority (CAP) Goal: Lab to Market

The Lab to Market CAP Goal is to increase the economic impact of federally-funded research and
development by accelerating and improving the transfer and commercialization of technologies
from the federal laboratory to the marketplace. NSA ORTA is guided by this CAP goal and is a
member of the National Science and Technology Councils Subcommittee that coordinates all
federal technology transfer and commercialization efforts.
NSA Policy 10-9

This Agency policy establishes NSA ORTA and its authorities through the application of the federal
technology transfer legislation and Executive Orders. It defines the roles and responsibilities for
technology transfer activities at NSA.

Glossary Patent Pending
A legal designation referring to a product or process once a patent application for the product
or process has been filed with the USPTO but prior to the patent being issued.
Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA)
An agreement between two parties, such as a federal lab and industry, academia, non-profits, Technology Transfer (T2)
and state and local governments, whereby each partys resources are leveraged in order to
Technology transfer at NSA is the legal process by which existing knowledge, intellectual
conduct research and development that benefit both. Through this collaboration, each party
property, or capabilities is exchanged between NSA and industry, academia, or other government
shares the benefits and risks in obtaining valuable technology transfer goals and objectives.
agencies.
Design Patent
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
A form of legal protection granted to the ornamental design of a functional item.
An agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce that grants patents and registers
trademarks. (www.uspto.gov)
Education Partnership Agreement (EPA)
An agreement between a federal lab and an educational institution or non-profit organization Utility Patent
to transfer or enhance technology and provide technology assistance to the institution
A patent issued for the invention of a new and useful process, machine, manufacture
or organization.
or composition of matter, or a new and useful improvement thereof.
Expiration of a Patent
The end of the enforceable term of a patent. At this time, anyone can practice the invention.
Federal Laboratory Consortium (FLC)

The FLC is the formally chartered, nationwide network of over 300 federal laboratories, agencies,
and research centers that foster commercialization best practice strategies and opportunities for
accelerating federal technologies from laboratories into the marketplace.
Intellectual Property (IP)

Refers to creations of the mind such as, inventions, literary and artistic artworks, designs, symbols,
names, and images, used in commerce. Intellectual property is protected by law, for example,
patents, copyrights, or trademarks.
Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA)

An agreement in which the parties promise to protect the confidentiality of information that
is disclosed during a relationship between parties.
Office of Research and Technology Applications (ORTA)

An office established at each federal lab to facilitate technology transfer.
Patent License Agreement (PLA)

An agreement between two parties in which one party licenses their intellectual property
to the other party for its own use.

Index by Keyword identifying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
measuring similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 12
packets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
A processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 34, 37
transmissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 34
access control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 25, 28
databases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 12
ALADDIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 searching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 16
Artificial Neural Network (ANN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 51 digital
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 32, 38 communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 28, 29, 30, 37, 38
signatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 30, 33, 36
audio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 14, 15, 51, 58 transmissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
detection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 64
sound recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 51 digital cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 distinguishing written and printed images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 23, 25, 28, 35, 36, 37, 58 document collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 17
Automatic Identification System (AIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 document security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
B E
biomedical applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 electron microscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
biometrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 15, 23, 24, 25, 58 elliptic curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 33, 36
Boolean equations encryption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 23, 33, 35, 36
satisfiability algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 packet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Bose Chaudhuri Hocquenghem (BCH) codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 error detection/reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 64
ESL courseware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 16
C
capacitors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 F
CICADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 62 facial recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25
circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 57 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64, 65
clocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see timer circuit fiber optics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45, 46, ee optics
communication signals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 44, 51, 56, 60, 62 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
communications system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 39, 46, 51
computer security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 24, 25, 26, 30, 35, 50, see malware financial/banking applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 24, 28, 30, 33, 35, 60, 63
cryptography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 33, 35, 36, 37 finding text. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
fingerprinting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
D
firewall security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 38
data
analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9, 11, 12, 15, 55 forensics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9, 12, 14, 23, 26, 51, 55
collection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 60
frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see signals frequency
communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 34

G machine-to-machine (M2M). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 43, 44, 54, 58, 60, 62
geolocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53, 54, 55, 58 malware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 26, 30, see computer security, network security
GMSK-AIS signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 maritime communications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50, 51
graphical user interface (GUI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 52 MATLAB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 16
H medical applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 45, 52, 55, 60, 63, 64
hashing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 36
MESH networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 42
I microelectronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 60
identifying data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see data Mobile Management System (MDM). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 50
imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 23, 34, 44 morphology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 16
impedance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
N
indexing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
nanotechnology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
integrated circuits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 57
netlists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Internet Protocol (IP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32, 38, 56
NetTop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
intrusion detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 25, 30, 38, 50
network
administration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 39, 42
K communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 32
kernel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 37 security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 26, 33, 36, 38
key escrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 neural networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 31, 51
key exchange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 33 nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 29, 42, 44, 62
KODA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ) format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

number generation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 36
L
language O
analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11, 13, 16 OCR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
transcription . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
translation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, 16 OCR applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 17
libraries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 14, 15 optics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

acousto-optic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
linear interpolative coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 bandpass filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
linguistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, see language analysis communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
timing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
LKIM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
P
M
parental controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, 25, 37, 50
machine learning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
pattern recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9, 15, 18, 23, 51

physical security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65
device protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 50 radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 44, 60, 61, 62
port protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
tamper evident . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 60, 63
signatures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see digital signatures
tamper protection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 53, 54, 60, 62
social media. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 12
port protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see physical security
speech processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 11, 15, 16, 57
PULSE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 42
system security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 26, 28, 30, 35, 50
R
radar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 57, 65
T
tamper-evident devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see physical security
radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see signals
telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 12, 27, 29, 35, 45, 46, 57
randomizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31, 36
text processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 31, 42, 55, 58, 61
text summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 19
ransomware. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see malware
thermal runaway effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
records management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, 63
timer circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
relational data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
time synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 46, 62
return oriented programming (ROP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
topic identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
RFID . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, 43, 58, 60
traffic routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 27, 39, 42
S Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
SAGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
satisfiability algorithms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
U
user privileges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
scanning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
ScribeZone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 V
searches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 16, 18, 19 vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 43, 58, 60
secure communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see digital communications velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54, 55
sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 62 verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see authentication
sentiment analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11, see language:analysis voice
SHA-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 55
matching/recognition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 51, 58
signals
analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 52, 55, 58 W
communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 44, 51, 56, 57, 60, 62
digital. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 52, 56, 59 wideband. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
encoding/decoding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, 15, 51, 56, 57, 64
wideband retroreflector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 60
frequency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52, 56, 58, 59, 61, 64, 65
noise reduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 word searches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see databases searching

Index by Patent Number 7,454,337. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7,457,756. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
8,185,373. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8,196,442. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6,017,822 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 6,993,136. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7,492,814. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 8,200,731. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6,141,755 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7,005,652. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7,505,585. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8,233,397. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6,190,433. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 7,010,167 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7,539,611 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8,275,077. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6,246,348 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 7,019,530. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 7,545,325. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 8,326,579. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6,385,205 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7,024,559. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7,571,093. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 8,355,501. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6,385,543 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 7,024,559 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 7,581,089. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 8,363,825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
6,470,297. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7,062,043. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7,620,469. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 8,380,485 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6,498,770 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7,062,044. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7,642,986. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 8,396,912. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 51
6,556,729. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7,072,514. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7,650,281. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, 58 8,397,146 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6,556,967 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7,073,196 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7,676,046. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 8,414,314 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6,560,745. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7,127,392 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7,676,725. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 8,442,825 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 51
6,577,968. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 7,128,476 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7,694,207. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 8,443,105. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26, 42
6,580,841. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7,183,123. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 7,715,996. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 8,449,309 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6,615,358. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 7,201,410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 7,734,991. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 8,478,340 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 50
6,647,159 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 7,227,858. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 62 7,738,504. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8,539,307 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6,670,008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7,283,015 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 7,743,122 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 8,655,027. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6,701,049. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 7,292,202. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 7,755,536. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 8,665,997. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6,718,038. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7,297,613 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7,761,286 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8,799,339. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6,724,893. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7,346,311 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 7,797,152 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8,826,158. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6,777,678. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7,350,689. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 7,805,291. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8,886,952 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
6,798,883. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7,379,955. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7,818,168 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, 55 8,898,784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6,820,830 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 7,380,224. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7,890,763. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 8,938,118 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
6,829,355. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 7,383,026. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43, 60 7,893,875. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 9,525,866 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6,898,284 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7,400,194. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 7,895,659. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 9,559,462. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6,904,564 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7,406,408 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7,904,278. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 D662,894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
6,912,284. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7,406,595. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 7,945,947. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6,912,700. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 7,409,334. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8,001,137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6,922,774. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7,430,503. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 8,052,180. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6,957,374. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 7,444,128. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 8,068,850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
6,990,634 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7,452,746. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 8,177,089. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

NSA Office of Research & Technology Applications | Technology Transfer Program
Creating Partnerships, Igniting Innovation
CREATING PARTNERSHIPS
IGNITING INNOVATION
CONTACT US
Office of Research & Technology Applications (866) 680-4539
NSA Research Directorate [email protected]
9800 Savage Road, Suite 6843 www.nsa.gov/techtransfer
Ft. Meade, MD 20755-6843

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NSA Technology Transfer Program A

NSA PATENT PORTFOLIO

NSA Technology Transfer Program i

KODA: Text Summarization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

8 Steps to Licensing an NSA Patent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Digital Camera Fingerprinting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Computer Intrusion Anticipation, Detection, and Remediation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

ii NSA Technology Transfer Program iii

Randomizer Quality Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Wideband Signal Geolocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Removing Noise and Interference from a Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Range Limited Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

MOBILITY 49 Streamlined Synchronization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Feature Removal Using Wavelet and Fourier Transformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 References 67

Determining a Coherence Measurement for a Digital Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Reusable Tamper-Evident Bag Closure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Index by Keyword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Reusable Tamper-Indicating Tube. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Index by Patent Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

iv NSA Technology Transfer Program v

Sudesh Kumar, Founder and CEO

L icensing NSAs port protector technology has allowed

Jim Bolain, Founder and CEO

vi NSA Technology Transfer Program 1

Patent License Agreements (PLAs) 1. Discover 5. Pitch

2 NSA Technology Transfer Program 3

Internet of Things (IoT)

4 NSA Technology Transfer Program 5

6 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 7

Real-Time Simultaneous Identification of Multiple Voices

8 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 9

10 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 11

Genetics Automated tools for information

Law enforcement POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS:

12 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 13

14 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 15

Morphological Text Processing Automated Separation of Handwritten

16 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 17

Summarizing Text by Sentence Extraction

18 Technologies for Licensing Big Data NSA Technology Transfer Program 19

20 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 21

22 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 23

State-Change Detector Tracking Activity of Removable Electronic Components

24 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 25

Select High-Level Privileges for Computer Users

26 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 27

Security verification system providers strengthening network communications. INCREASE

This technology provides three methods of identifying invalid

Wireless network routing authentication Telecommunications

Ad hoc and peer-to-peer network authentication

28 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 29

30 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 31

Secure, Efficient Firewall for Connectionless Network

32 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 33

34 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 35

Randomizer Quality Test THIRD PARTY

36 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 37

Multi-Dimensional Anomaly Detection and Deviation

This technology can multi-dimensionally detect any anomalies in a transmitted

38 Technologies for Licensing Cyber NSA Technology Transfer Program 39

40 Technologies for Licensing IoT NSA Technology Transfer Program 41

42 Technologies for Licensing IoT NSA Technology Transfer Program 43

Clearer Imaging for Integrated Circuits

L icensing NSAs port protector technology has allowed