Myra Bradwell: Endeavored For Justice

Among All Women

Kyle Luo, Thien Le, Gregorio Murillo

Group Website

Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources

PIO, Jason Gauthier History Staff. History. 1870 Fast Facts - History - U.S. Census Bureau,
www.census.gov/history/www/through_the_decades/fast_facts/1870_fast_facts.html.
Accessed 24 Sept. 2017.
The Census Bureau is the principal agency of the United States Federal Statistical System
and it is responsible for producing all data regarding to the American people and economy. We
used this data to interpret the statistics and the citizens in the United States during the late 1800s
and the early 1900th century.

S. Danilina by the Law Dictionary Staff ,Who Was Myra Bradwell: America's First Woman
Lawyer. The Law Dictionary, Accessed 10 December 2017,
thelawdictionary.org/article/who-was-myra-bradwell-americas-first-woman-lawyer/.
Danilina has given a great re-statement on Bradwells life including the events that
happened during the late 1800s. All facts shown, were checked and proven by The Law
Dictionary Staff.

Catherine D. Battista. The newsletter of the ISBA's Section on Human Rights Law. Illinois
State Bar Association, Written on January 2013, Volume.39 , Number.3
www.isba.org/sections/humanrights/newsletter/2013/01/celebrating140yearsoffemaleatto
rney
Battista speaks on behalf of the Illinois State Bar Association and Human Rights Law and
inform all readers about Myra Bradwell and her courageous abilities. One amazing quote stated
by Bradwell No person shall be precluded or debarred from any occupation, profession or
employment (except military) on account of sex.- Catherine D. Battista (The Illinois State Bar
Association.)

Leonard Willis Advertisement. Myra Bradwell: The First Woman Admitted to the Illinois Bar |
Section of Litigation | Section of Litigation / Minority Trial Lawyer,
www.americanbar.org/groups/litigation/committees/minority-trial-lawyer/practice/2017/
myra-bradwell-first-woman-admitted-to-illinois-bar.html. Written on October 31, 2017
Accessed 10, November 2017.
Bradwell has challenged the status quo of the legal profession and advocated for
womens rights and suffrage. She was also inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame in
Seneca Falls, New York. Bradwell was also the first Woman to be admitted to the Illinois Bar
after pushing for rights of all woman. Leonard Willis is a presidential manager in Washington
D.C.

U.S Supreme Court. Bradwell v. TheState, 83 U.S.130(1872). JustiaLaw, supreme .justia.com

/cases/federal/us/83/130/ case.html. Accessed: 10 December 2017
This was written by the United States Supreme Court. The Bradwell v. The Court of the
State Of Illinois. This is the whole document obtained from the Supreme court considering the
case between Bradwell for advocating women's rights against Illinois.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR. DOL's seal,
www.dol.gov/wb/stats/NEWSTATS/facts/women_lf.htm#one. Accessed: 10 December
2017
The data provided by the United States Department of Labor portrays the Women in the
Labor Force. It contains of the historical data on women in the labor force and their participation
rates. All charts and graphs included the labor force in participation rate of women by age,
mothers by age of youngest child, and many more.

United States Supreme Court - Bradwell v. State of Illinois (1872) FindLaw's United States
Supreme Court case and opinions. Findlaw,
caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/83/130.html Accessed: 10 December 1=2017
This was written by the United States Supreme Court. The Bradwell v. The Court of the
State Of Illinois was decided on December 1, 1872. This is the whole document obtained from
the Supreme court considering the case between Bradwell for advocating women's rights against
Illinois. The late 1800s, Bradwell was offered a spot to the bar in the State of Illinois after
striving to fight for her rights to obtain any occupation as desired.

Laurie Casey. Finding Sisterhood. Tribunedigital-Chicagotribune, 7 Mar. 2001,

articles.chicagotribune.com/2001-03-07/features/0103070009_1_women-s-organizations-public-
sphere-myra-bradwell. Accessed 10, December 2017.
One of Caseys amazing quotes The natural and proper timidity and delicacy which
belongs to the female sex evidently unfits it for many of the occupations of civil life."- Chicago
Tribune. This quote was spoken by Joseph Bradley, whom was also on Bradwells side
advocating for womens rights.

Wood, Margaret. The Chicago Legal News, Myra Bradwell and Susan B. Anthony Pic of the
Week. The Chicago Legal News, Myra Bradwell and Susan B. Anthony Pic of the
Week | In Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress, 11 May 2012,
blogs.loc.gov/law/2012/05/the-chicago-legal-news-myra-bradwell-and-susan-b-anthony-
pic-of-the-week/.Written: May 11, 2017. Accessed 10 December 2017.
The Chicago Legal News was the first legal publication in the United States that was ever
edited by Myra Bradwell. A photography was shown about the first volume, written by Susan B.
Anthony about Bradwells admission to the Bar in the State of Illinois.
Secondary Sources

Celis, Karen, et al. Introduction: Gender and Politics: A Gendered World, a Gendered
Discipline. Oxford Handbooks, 16 June 2017, Accessed 10, December 2017
Celis is a journalist that provides an outlook of the issue of present day gender equality
while giving a background on the pre-modern era issue on the same topic, and so this evidence
was used to provide information for the "After The 1870s and Today" section

Richard H. Chaused, A Brief History of Gender Law Journals: The Heritage of Myra Bradwell's
Chicago Legal News,
https://cjgl.cdrs.columbia.edu/article/a-brief-history-of-gender-law-journals-the-heritage-of-myra
-bradwells-chicago-legal-news/ 2003, Vol.12, No.3- Secondary. Accessed November 17, 2017
Chaused is a historian that in this case gives a detailed background of Myra Bradwell and
the events that led up to the case and so it was used as a secondary source to provide evidence for
our introduction and background section.

Glass, Norma. Bradwell v. State of Illinois. Lake Forest College Publications, 1 May 1983,
publications.lakeforest.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1022&co
ntext=allcollege_writing_contest [Accessed 24 Sep. 2017].
Glass gives a detailed description of the Bradwell V. Illinois Case while providing the
evidence from manuscripts of the case itself as well as providing evidence from primary sources.

Hartman, Dorothy w. Lives of Women. Lives of Women - Conner Prairie Interactive History
Park,
www.connerprairie.org/education-research/indiana-history-1860-1900/lives-of-women.
Accessed November 17, 2017
Hartman provides a historical view of the "Lives of Women" as described throughout a
multitude of sources from the time period as well as the perspectives of other historians. She
spoke on behalf of the lives of women as an american farmer during the 1880s. Women work
more than they should but never rebelled or complained about their duties that needed to be
accomplished.

McPherson, James. A Brief Overview of the American Civil War. Civil War Trust, Civil War
Trust, www.civilwar.org/learn/articles/brief-overview-american-civil-war. Accessed
November 17, 2017
McPherson had provided information on the pre-1870s Civil War American perspective
on the rights of women and the status quo on gender equality. He spoke about the defining time
during the 1780s, the Civil War, and the aftermath include the pre-late 1800s considering about
women and their rights.
Bradwell v Illinois: Cheif Justice Chase's Dissent and the "Sphere of Women's Work". Edited
by Richard L Aynes, Digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu, 8 Oct. 2017,
digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5767&context=lalrev.
This document/reasearch paper was written by Richard L. Aynes about the Bradwell v.
Illinois- Chief Justice Chases Dissent and the Sphere of Womens Work in 1999. Speaks on
behalf of the Louisiana Law Review.

Instrumental and Overlooked:

hannahsmoot.web.unc.edu/2015/01/28/first-in-law-myra-bradwell-1831-1894/. Written
on 28, January 2015. Accessed 8 October, 2017
Myra Bradwell was the first women to be in law. Once Bradwell applied to the bar in
Illinois, she was rejected. In the duration of her fighting to advocate women's rights towards the
1870s, she was offered a spot at bar. She was never really recognized for her role in the
movement for womens rights but she was an instrumental activist advocating for womens legal
rights.

Friedman, Jane M. Americas First Woman Lawyer: The Biography of Myra Bradwell. Buffalo,
NY: Prometheus, 1993. Print.
One amazing quote by Bradwell was stated by Friedman, One half of the citizens of the
United States are asking - Is the liberty of the pursuit of a profession ours, or are we slaves?-
The Biography of Myra Bradwell. Women were not treated equally throughout the 1800th
century but they did everything similar to what men were doing at the time. They worked hard
and never complained.

Lyn Reese Obstacles to Overcome. Obstacles to Overcome - (Women in World History

Curriculum), www.womeninworldhistory.com/essay-06-04.html. 1996. Accessed
October 8, 2017
Reese spoke about the suffrage that many women faced during the early 1920s and
where they began to fight for their rights. After, the 19th amendment was ratified and all women
were able to vote for elections. Among the whole world, woman were fighting for respective
rights and felt like it was unfair to them. Many movements began to start such as this one, The
Womens Rights Movement of 1920. All of this happened due to Bradwell and her brave mind
that advocated for rights and equality among all women.