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    HTML Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Ronald Randon
    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. Markup tags describe how text should be displayed by a web browser. HTML elements are defined using html tags.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    HTML Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Ronald Randon
    88 views31 pages
    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. Markup tags describe how text should be displayed by a web browser. HTML elements are defined using html tags.

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    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

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    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. Markup tags describe how text should be displayed by a web browser. HTML elements are defined using html tags.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    88 views31 pages

    HTML Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Ronald Randon
    HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language. Markup tags describe how text should be displayed by a web browser. HTML elements are defined using html tags.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    HTML Basics

    HTML
    Introduction to HTML
    HTML

    HTML is a language for describing web pages.

    • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language

    • HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language

    • A markup language is a set of markup tags

    • The markup tags describe how text should be displayed by a web browser

    HTML Markup Tags

    • HTML tags are markup codes surrounded by brackets like <html>

    • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>

    • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag

    HTML File

    • An HTML file is a text file with markup tags

    • An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension

    • An HTML file can be created using a simple text editor

    • An HTML file is often called an HTML document or a web page

    When a browser displays a web page, it will not display the markup tags. The browser
    uses the markup tags to understand the layout of the page.

    An HTML Document

    <html>
    <body>
    <p>This is my first paragraph</p>
    <p>This is my <b>second</b> paragraph</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    HTML Elements
    HTML documents are text files made up of HTML elements.

    HTML elements are defined using HTML tags.

    HTML Tags

    • HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements

    • HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >

    • The surrounding characters are called angle brackets

    • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>

    • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag

    • The text between the start and end tags is the element content

    • HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

    HTML Elements

    This is an HTML element:

    <b>This text is bold</b>

    The HTML element starts with a start tag: <b>


    The content of the HTML element is: This text is bold
    The HTML element ends with an end tag: </b>

    The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as
    bold.

    This is also an HTML element:

    <body>
    This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
    </body>

    This HTML element starts with the start tag <body>, and ends with the end tag </body>.

    The purpose of the <body> tag is to define the HTML element that contains the body of
    the HTML document.

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    HTML Basics

    Basic HTML Tags


    Headings

    Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading. <h6>
    defines the smallest heading.

    <h1>This is a heading</h1>

    <h2>This is a heading</h2>

    <h3>This is a heading</h3>

    <h4>This is a heading</h4>

    <h5>This is a heading</h5>

    <h6>This is a heading</h6>

    HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading.

    Paragraphs

    Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag.

    <p>This is a paragraph</p>

    <p>This is another paragraph</p>

    HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.

    Line Breaks

    The <br> tag is used when you want to break a line, but don't want to start a new
    paragraph. The <br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it.

    <p>This <br> is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>

    Comments in HTML

    The comment tag is used to insert a comment in the HTML source code. A comment will
    be ignored by the browser.

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    HTML Basics

    <!-- This is a comment -->

    Basic HTML Tags

    Tag Description
    <html> Defines an HTML document
    <body> Defines the document's body
    <h1> to <h6> Defines header 1 to header 6
    <p> Defines a paragraph
    <br> Inserts a single line break
    <hr> Defines a horizontal rule
    <!--> Defines a comment

    HTML Attributes
    HTML Tag Attributes

    HTML tags can have attributes. Attributes provide additional information to an HTML
    element.

    Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this: name="value".

    Attributes are always specified in the start tag of an HTML element.

    Attributes Example 1:

    <h1> defines the start of a heading.

    <h1 align="center"> has additional information about the alignment.

    Attributes Example 2:

    <body> defines the body of an HTML document.

    <body bgcolor="yellow"> has additional information about the background color.

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    HTML Basics

    Attributes Example 3:

    <table> defines an HTML table. (You will learn more about HTML tables later)

    <table border="1"> has additional information about the border around the table.

    Always Quote Attribute Values

    Attribute values should always be enclosed in quotes. Double style quotes are the most
    common, but single style quotes are also allowed.

    In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary
    to use single quotes:

    name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'

    HTML Text Formatting


    HTML defines a lot of elements for formatting output, like bold or italic text.

    Text Formatting Tags

    Tag Description
    <b> Defines bold text
    <big> Defines big text
    <em> Defines emphasized text
    <i> Defines italic text
    <small> Defines small text
    <strong> Defines strong text
    <sub> Defines subscripted text
    <sup> Defines superscripted text
    <ins> Defines inserted text
    <del> Defines deleted text
    <s> Deprecated. Use <del> instead
    <strike> Deprecated. Use <del> instead

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    HTML Basics

    <u> Deprecated. Use styles instead

    "Computer Output" Tags

    Tag Description
    <code> Defines computer code text
    <kbd> Defines keyboard text
    <samp> Defines sample computer code
    <tt> Defines teletype text
    <var> Defines a variable
    <pre> Defines preformatted text
    <listing> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
    <plaintext> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead
    <xmp> Deprecated. Use <pre> instead

    Citations, Quotations, and Definition Tags

    Tag Description
    <abbr> Defines an abbreviation
    <acronym> Defines an acronym
    <address> Defines an address element
    <bdo> Defines the text direction
    <blockquote> Defines a long quotation
    <q> Defines a short quotation
    <cite> Defines a citation
    <dfn> Defines a definition term

    HTML Character Entities


    Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with character entities.

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    HTML Basics

    Character Entities

    Some characters are reserved in HTML. For example, you cannot use the greater than or
    less than signs within your text because the browser could mistake them for markup.

    If we want the browser to actually display these characters we must insert character
    entities in the HTML source.

    A character entity looks like this: &entity_name; OR &#entity_number;

    To display a less than sign we must write: &lt; or &#60;

    Non-breaking Space

    The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space.

    Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you write 10 spaces in your text
    HTML will remove 9 of them. To add lots of spaces to your text, use the &nbsp;
    character entity.

    Commonly Used Character Entities

    Result Description Entity Name Entity Number


    non-breaking space &nbsp; &#160;
    < less than &lt; &#60;
    > greater than &gt; &#62;
    & ampersand &amp; &#38;
    ¢ cent &cent; &#162;
    £ pound &pound; &#163;
    ¥ yen &yen; &#165;
    € euro &euro; &#8364;
    § section &sect; &#167;
    © copyright &copy; &#169;
    ® registered trademark &reg; &#174;

    Note: Entity names are case sensitive!

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    HTML Basics

    HTML Links
    HTML uses a hyperlink to link to another document on the Web.

    The Anchor Tag and the Href Attribute

    HTML uses the <a> (anchor) tag to create a link to another document.

    An anchor can point to any resource on the Web: an HTML page, an image, a sound file,
    a movie, etc.

    The syntax of creating an anchor:

    <a href="url">Text to be displayed</a>

    The <a> tag is used to create an anchor to link from, the href attribute is used to address
    the document to link to, and the words between the open and close of the anchor tag will
    be displayed as a hyperlink.

    This anchor defines a link to W3Schools:

    <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/">Visit W3Schools!</a>

    The line above will look like this in a browser:

    Visit W3Schools!

    The Target Attribute

    With the target attribute, you can define where the linked document will be opened.

    The line below will open the document in a new browser window:

    <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/"
    target="_blank">Visit W3Schools!</a>

    The Anchor Tag and the Name Attribute

    The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. When using named anchors we can
    create links that can jump directly into a specific section on a page, instead of letting the
    user scroll around to find what he/she is looking for.

    Below is the syntax of a named anchor:

    <a name="label">Text to be displayed</a>

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    HTML Basics

    The name attribute is used to create a named anchor. The name of the anchor can be any
    text you care to use.

    The line below defines a named anchor:

    <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>

    To link directly to the "tips" section, add a # sign and the name of the anchor to the end of
    a URL, like this:

    <a href="http://www.w3schools.com/html_links.asp#tips">

    Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

    Link Tags

    Tag Description
    <a> Defines an anchor

    HTML Frames
    Frames

    With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the same browser
    window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and each frame is independent of the
    others.

    The Frameset Tag

    • The <frameset> tag defines how to divide the window into frames

    • Each frameset defines a set of rows or columns

    • The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area each
    row/column will occupy

    The Frame Tag

    • The <frame> tag defines what HTML document to put into each frame

    In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first column is set to
    25% of the width of the browser window. The second column is set to 75% of the width

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    HTML Basics

    of the browser window. The HTML document "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column,
    and the HTML document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:

    <frameset cols="25%,75%">
    <frame src="frame_a.htm">
    <frame src="frame_b.htm">
    </frameset>

    Note: The frameset column size value can also be set in pixels (cols="200,500"), and one
    of the columns can be set to use the remaining space (cols="25%,*").

    Frame Tags

    Tag Description
    <frameset> Defines a set of frames
    <frame> Defines a sub window (a frame)
    <noframes> Defines a noframe section for browsers that do not handle frames
    <iframe> Defines an inline sub window (frame)

    HTML Tables
    Tables

    Tables are defined with the <table> tag. A table is divided into rows (with the <tr> tag),
    and each row is divided into data cells (with the <td> tag). The letters td stands for "table
    data," which is the content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists,
    paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 2, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

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    HTML Basics

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

    row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

    Tables and the Border Attribute

    If you do not specify a border attribute the table will be displayed without any borders.
    Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, you want the borders to show.

    To display a table with borders, you will have to use the border attribute:

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    Headings in a Table

    Headings in a table are defined with the <th> tag.

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <th>Heading</th>
    <th>Another Heading</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 2, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

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    HTML Basics

    How it looks in a browser:

    Heading Another Heading

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

    row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

    Empty Cells in a Table

    Table cells with no content are not displayed very well in most browsers.

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>
    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td></td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

    row 2, cell 1

    Note that the borders around the empty table cell are missing (NB! Mozilla Firefox
    displays the border).

    To avoid this, add a non-breaking space (&nbsp;) to empty data cells, to make the borders
    visible:

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <td>row 1, cell 1</td>

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    HTML Basics

    <td>row 1, cell 2</td>


    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>row 2, cell 1</td>
    <td>&nbsp;</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    How it looks in a browser:

    row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2

    row 2, cell 1

    Table Tags

    Tag Description
    <table> Defines a table
    <th> Defines a table header
    <tr> Defines a table row
    <td> Defines a table cell
    <caption> Defines a table caption
    <colgroup> Defines groups of table columns
    <col> Defines the attribute values for one or more columns in a table
    <thead> Defines a table head
    <tbody> Defines a table body
    <tfoot> Defines a table footer

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    HTML Lists
    HTML supports ordered, unordered and definition lists.

    Unordered Lists

    An unordered list is a list of items. The list items are marked with bullets (typically small
    black circles).

    An unordered list starts with the <ul> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

    <ul>
    <li>Coffee</li>
    <li>Milk</li>
    </ul>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    • Coffee
    • Milk

    Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

    Ordered Lists

    An ordered list is also a list of items. The list items are marked with numbers.

    An ordered list starts with the <ol> tag. Each list item starts with the <li> tag.

    <ol>
    <li>Coffee</li>
    <li>Milk</li>
    </ol>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    1. Coffee
    2. Milk

    Inside a list item you can put paragraphs, line breaks, images, links, other lists, etc.

    Definition Lists

    A definition list is not a list of items. This is a list of terms and explanation of the terms.

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    A definition list starts with the <dl> tag. Each definition-list term starts with the <dt> tag.
    Each definition-list definition starts with the <dd> tag.

    <dl>
    <dt>Coffee</dt>
    <dd>Black hot drink</dd>
    <dt>Milk</dt>
    <dd>White cold drink</dd>
    </dl>

    Here is how it looks in a browser:

    Coffee
    Black hot drink
    Milk
    White cold drink

    Inside a definition-list definition (the <dd> tag) you can put paragraphs, line breaks,
    images, links, other lists, etc.

    List Tags

    Tag Description
    <ol> Defines an ordered list
    <ul> Defines an unordered list
    <li> Defines a list item
    <dl> Defines a definition list
    <dt> Defines a definition term
    <dd> Defines a definition description
    <dir> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead
    <menu> Deprecated. Use <ul> instead

    HTML Forms and Input


    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology
    HTML Basics

    HTML Forms are used to select different kinds of user input.

    Forms

    A form is an area that can contain form elements.

    Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like text fields,
    textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes, etc.) in a form.

    A form is defined with the <form> tag.

    <form>
    <input>
    <input>
    </form>

    Input

    The most used form tag is the <input> tag. The type of input is specified with the type
    attribute. The most commonly used input types are explained below.

    Text Fields

    Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc. in a form.

    <form>
    First name:
    <input type="text" name="firstname">
    <br>
    Last name:
    <input type="text" name="lastname">
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    First name:
    Last name:

    Note that the form itself is not visible. Also note that in most browsers, the width of the
    text field is 20 characters by default.

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    HTML Basics

    Radio Buttons

    Radio Buttons are used when you want the user to select one of a limited number of
    choices.

    <form>
    <input type="radio" name="sex" value="male"> Male
    <br>
    <input type="radio" name="sex" value="female"> Female
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    Male
    Female

    Note that only one option can be chosen.

    Checkboxes

    Checkboxes are used when you want the user to select one or more options of a limited
    number of choices.

    <form>
    I have a bike:
    <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Bike">
    <br>
    I have a car:
    <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Car">
    <br>
    I have an airplane:
    <input type="checkbox" name="vehicle" value="Airplane">
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    I have a bike:
    I have a car:
    I have an airplane:

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    HTML Basics

    The Form's Action Attribute and the Submit Button

    When the user clicks on the "Submit" button, the content of the form is sent to the server.
    The form's action attribute defines the name of the file to send the content to. The file
    defined in the action attribute usually does something with the received input.

    <form name="input" action="html_form_submit.asp"


    method="get">
    Username:
    <input type="text" name="user">
    <input type="submit" value="Submit">
    </form>

    How it looks in a browser:

    Submit
    Username:

    If you type some characters in the text field above, and click the "Submit" button, the
    browser will send your input to a page called "html_form_submit.asp". The page will
    show you the received input.

    Form Tags

    Tag Description
    <form> Defines a form for user input
    <input> Defines an input field
    <textarea> Defines a text-area (a multi-line text input control)
    <label> Defines a label to a control
    <fieldset> Defines a fieldset
    <legend> Defines a caption for a fieldset
    <select> Defines a selectable list (a drop-down box)
    <optgroup> Defines an option group
    <option> Defines an option in the drop-down box
    <button> Defines a push button
    <isindex> Deprecated. Use <input> instead

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    HTML Basics

    HTML Images
    With HTML you can display images in a document.

    The Image Tag and the Src Attribute

    In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag.

    The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only and it has no closing
    tag.

    To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source".
    The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display on your page.

    The syntax of defining an image:

    <img src="url">

    The URL points to the location where the image is stored.

    The Alt Attribute

    The alt attribute is used to define an "alternate text" for an image. The value of the alt
    attribute is an author-defined text:

    <img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">

    The "alt" attribute tells the reader what he or she is missing on a page if the browser can't
    load images. The browser will then display the alternate text instead of the image.

    Image Tags

    Tag Description
    <img> Defines an image
    <map> Defines an image map
    <area> Defines a clickable area inside an image map

    HTML Backgrounds
    A good background can make a Web site look really great.

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    HTML Basics

    Backgrounds

    The <body> tag has two attributes where you can specify backgrounds. The background
    can be a color or an image.

    Bgcolor

    The bgcolor attribute specifies a background-color for an HTML page. The value of this
    attribute can be a hexadecimal number, an RGB value, or a color name:

    <body bgcolor="#000000">
    <body bgcolor="rgb(0,0,0)">
    <body bgcolor="black">

    The lines above all set the background-color to black.

    Background

    The background attribute specifies a background-image for an HTML page. The value of
    this attribute is the URL of the image you want to use. If the image is smaller than the
    browser window, the image will repeat itself until it fills the entire browser window.

    <body background="clouds.gif">
    <body background="http://www.w3schools.com/clouds.gif">

    The URL can be relative (as in the first line above) or absolute (as in the second line
    above).

    HTML Colors
    Colors are displayed combining RED, GREEN, and BLUE light sources.

    Color Values

    HTML colors can be defined as a hexadecimal notation for the combination of Red,
    Green, and Blue color values (RGB).

    The lowest value that can be given to one light source is 0 (hex #00) and the highest
    value is 255 (hex #FF).

    The table below shows the result of combining Red, Green, and Blue light sources:

    Color Color HEX Color RGB

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    HTML Basics

    #000000 rgb(0,0,0)
    #FF0000 rgb(255,0,0)
    #00FF00 rgb(0,255,0)
    #0000FF rgb(0,0,255)
    #FFFF00 rgb(255,255,0)
    #00FFFF rgb(0,255,255)
    #FF00FF rgb(255,0,255)
    #C0C0C0 rgb(192,192,192)
    #FFFFFF rgb(255,255,255)

    W3C Standard Color Names

    W3C has listed 16 color names that will validate with an HTML validator.

    The color names are: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon, navy, olive,
    purple, red, silver, teal, white, and yellow.

    HTML Color Names


    HTML Color Names

    The table below provides a list of the color names that are supported by all major
    browsers.

    Color Name Color HEX Color


    AliceBlue #F0F8FF
    AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7
    Aqua #00FFFF
    Aquamarine #7FFFD4
    Azure #F0FFFF
    Beige #F5F5DC
    Bisque #FFE4C4

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    HTML Basics

    Black #000000
    BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD
    Blue #0000FF
    BlueViolet #8A2BE2
    Brown #A52A2A
    BurlyWood #DEB887
    CadetBlue #5F9EA0
    Chartreuse #7FFF00
    Chocolate #D2691E
    Coral #FF7F50
    CornflowerBlue #6495ED
    Cornsilk #FFF8DC
    Crimson #DC143C
    Cyan #00FFFF
    DarkBlue #00008B
    DarkCyan #008B8B
    DarkGoldenRod #B8860B
    DarkGray #A9A9A9
    DarkGrey #A9A9A9
    DarkGreen #006400
    DarkKhaki #BDB76B
    DarkMagenta #8B008B
    DarkOliveGreen #556B2F
    Darkorange #FF8C00
    DarkOrchid #9932CC
    DarkRed #8B0000
    DarkSalmon #E9967A

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    HTML Basics

    DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F
    DarkSlateBlue #483D8B
    DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F
    DarkSlateGrey #2F4F4F
    DarkTurquoise #00CED1
    DarkViolet #9400D3
    DeepPink #FF1493
    DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF
    DimGray #696969
    DimGrey #696969
    DodgerBlue #1E90FF
    FireBrick #B22222
    FloralWhite #FFFAF0
    ForestGreen #228B22
    Fuchsia #FF00FF
    Gainsboro #DCDCDC
    GhostWhite #F8F8FF
    Gold #FFD700
    GoldenRod #DAA520
    Gray #808080
    Grey #808080
    Green #008000
    GreenYellow #ADFF2F
    HoneyDew #F0FFF0
    HotPink #FF69B4
    IndianRed #CD5C5C
    Indigo #4B0082

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    HTML Basics

    Ivory #FFFFF0
    Khaki #F0E68C
    Lavender #E6E6FA
    LavenderBlush #FFF0F5
    LawnGreen #7CFC00
    LemonChiffon #FFFACD
    LightBlue #ADD8E6
    LightCoral #F08080
    LightCyan #E0FFFF
    LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2
    LightGray #D3D3D3
    LightGrey #D3D3D3
    LightGreen #90EE90
    LightPink #FFB6C1
    LightSalmon #FFA07A
    LightSeaGreen #20B2AA
    LightSkyBlue #87CEFA
    LightSlateGray #778899
    LightSlateGrey #778899
    LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE
    LightYellow #FFFFE0
    Lime #00FF00
    LimeGreen #32CD32
    Linen #FAF0E6
    Magenta #FF00FF
    Maroon #800000
    MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    MediumBlue #0000CD
    MediumOrchid #BA55D3
    MediumPurple #9370D8
    MediumSeaGreen #3CB371
    MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE
    MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A
    MediumTurquoise #48D1CC
    MediumVioletRed #C71585
    MidnightBlue #191970
    MintCream #F5FFFA
    MistyRose #FFE4E1
    Moccasin #FFE4B5
    NavajoWhite #FFDEAD
    Navy #000080
    OldLace #FDF5E6
    Olive #808000
    OliveDrab #6B8E23
    Orange #FFA500
    OrangeRed #FF4500
    Orchid #DA70D6
    PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA
    PaleGreen #98FB98
    PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE
    PaleVioletRed #D87093
    PapayaWhip #FFEFD5
    PeachPuff #FFDAB9
    Peru #CD853F

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    Pink #FFC0CB
    Plum #DDA0DD
    PowderBlue #B0E0E6
    Purple #800080
    Red #FF0000
    RosyBrown #BC8F8F
    RoyalBlue #4169E1
    SaddleBrown #8B4513
    Salmon #FA8072
    SandyBrown #F4A460
    SeaGreen #2E8B57
    SeaShell #FFF5EE
    Sienna #A0522D
    Silver #C0C0C0
    SkyBlue #87CEEB
    SlateBlue #6A5ACD
    SlateGray #708090
    SlateGrey #708090
    Snow #FFFAFA
    SpringGreen #00FF7F
    SteelBlue #4682B4
    Tan #D2B48C
    Teal #008080
    Thistle #D8BFD8
    Tomato #FF6347
    Turquoise #40E0D0
    Violet #EE82EE

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    Wheat #F5DEB3
    White #FFFFFF
    WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5
    Yellow #FFFF00
    YellowGreen #9ACD32

    HTML Styles
    How to Use Styles

    When a browser reads a style sheet, it will format the document according to it. There are
    three ways of inserting a style sheet:

    External Style Sheet

    An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external
    style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each
    page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the head
    section.

    <head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
    href="mystyle.css">
    </head>

    Internal Style Sheet

    An internal style sheet should be used when a single document has a unique style. You
    define internal styles in the head section with the <style> tag.

    <head>
    <style type="text/css">
    body {background-color: red}
    p {margin-left: 20px}
    </style>
    </head>

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    Inline Styles

    An inline style should be used when a unique style is to be applied to a single occurrence
    of an element.

    To use inline styles you use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can
    contain any CSS property. The example shows how to change the color and the left
    margin of a paragraph:

    <p style="color: red; margin-left: 20px">


    This is a paragraph
    </p>

    Style Tags

    Tag Description
    <style> Defines a style definition
    <link> Defines a resource reference
    <div> Defines a section in a document
    <span> Defines a section in a document
    <font> Deprecated. Use styles instead
    <basefont> Deprecated. Use styles instead
    <center> Deprecated. Use styles instead

    Summary
    HTML Basic Document

    <html>
    <head>
    <title>Document name goes here</title>
    </head>

    <body>
    Visible text goes here
    </body>

    </html>

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    Heading Elements

    <h1>Largest Heading</h1>

    <h2> . . . </h2>
    <h3> . . . </h3>
    <h4> . . . </h4>
    <h5> . . . </h5>

    <h6>Smallest Heading</h6>

    Text Elements

    <p>This is a paragraph</p>
    <br> (line break)
    <hr> (horizontal rule)
    <pre>This text is preformatted</pre>

    Logical Styles

    <em>This text is emphasized</em>


    <strong>This text is strong</strong>
    <code>This is some computer code</code>

    Physical Styles

    <b>This text is bold</b>


    <i>This text is italic</i>

    Links, Anchors, and Image Elements

    <a href="http://www.example.com/">This is a Link</a>


    <a href="http://www.example.com/"><img src="URL" alt="Alternate Text"></a>
    <a href="mailto:[email protected]">Send e-mail</a>

    A named anchor:
    <a name="tips">Useful Tips Section</a>
    <a href="#tips">Jump to the Useful Tips Section</a>

    Unordered list

    <ul>
    <li>First item</li>
    <li>Next item</li>
    </ul>

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    Ordered list

    <ol>
    <li>First item</li>
    <li>Next item</li>
    </ol>

    Definition list

    <dl>
    <dt>First term</dt>
    <dd>Definition</dd>
    <dt>Next term</dt>
    <dd>Definition</dd>
    </dl>

    Tables

    <table border="1">
    <tr>
    <th>someheader</th>
    <th>someheader</th>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <td>sometext</td>
    <td>sometext</td>
    </tr>
    </table>

    Frames

    <frameset cols="25%,75%">
    <frame src="page1.htm">
    <frame src="page2.htm">
    </frameset>

    Forms

    <form action="http://www.example.com/test.asp" method="post/get">

    <input type="text" name="lastname" value="Nixon" size="30" maxlength="50">


    <input type="password">
    <input type="checkbox" checked="checked">

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology


    HTML Basics

    <input type="radio" checked="checked">


    <input type="submit">
    <input type="reset">
    <input type="hidden">

    <select>
    <option>Apples
    <option selected>Bananas
    <option>Cherries
    </select>

    <textarea name="Comment" rows="60" cols="20"></textarea>

    </form>

    Entities

    &lt; is the same as <


    &gt; is the same as >
    &#169; is the same as ©

    Other Elements

    <!-- This is a comment -->

    <blockquote>
    Text quoted from some source.
    </blockquote>

    <address>
    Address 1<br>
    Address 2<br>
    City<br>
    </address>

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Cape Institute of Technology

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