Ijct 9 (6) 540-542

Articles
In dia n Jo urnal o f C hemi cal Tec hno logy

Vol. 9. November 2002. pp. 540-542
Removal of trace metals with mango seed powder

Dimpl e C Parekha. Ji gnesh B Patel ", Padmaja Sudhakar'" & V J Kos hy'"
"De partment o f Appli ed C hemi stry. Faculty of Technology & Eng ineerin g. The Maharaja Sayajirao Uni versity of Baroda.
Kalabha va n. Vadodara 390 00 I. India
"Resea rch Cen tre. Indian Petroche mica ls Corporati o n Limited. Baroda, 391 346. Indi a
Received 10 Ocrober 2000; revised recei1 ed 17 September 2002; accepted 30 September 2002
Removal of heavy metals like Cu, Cd, Pb from aqueous solution was studied using mango seeds powder. Study
was carried out in batch technique as a function of contact time, metal ion concentration and pH of the solution. The
sorption process follows Freundlich sorption isotherm. Maximum sorption was observed at acidic pH itself. The
method is applied to various synthetic solutions.
Metalli c e le me nts are an intrinsic component of the thrown away waste man go seeds as adsorbent fo r the
e nvironment, and a variety of natural processes are re mova l of Cu , Cd and Pb from aq ueo us and sy nth e tic
res ponsible for the ir widespread occurre nce at trace so lutions.
le ve ls in vari o us parts of biosphere. Major
con taminati o n of e nvironme nt, however, arises from Experimental Procedure
man' s activities aimed at improving the standard of Preparation of mango seeds powder
li ving thro ugh process in g of ores and uses of a variety The ripe seeds o f alph o nso vari ety of mango seeds
of meta ls a nd the ir components in manufacturing we re co ll ected a nd slit o pen , and ke rne ls we re
processes . Their di scharge in gaseous, liquid and so lid re moved . The seeds obtai ned we re dri ed for 24 h in
fo rm s ha ve now been id e ntifi ed as respo nsibl e for sunli g ht a nd powdered to mes h s ize 30-60. The
vari o us occupati o na l and cognate di seases. mo isture co nte nt o f the ma ngo seeds powder was
Co nve nti o nal treatment methods e mpl oy ing re verse found to be 6.4%. Th e res ultant powde r was used fo r
os mos is, activated carbon, filtrati o n, etc . for re moval th e study o f re mo val of heavy metal s lik e C u, Cd and
of heavy meta ls from waste water are no t cost- Pb. The reage nts used for th e a nal ysis were o f
effective in th e Indian contex t. Adsorption methods Analytical Reage nt Grade.
using activated carbon are not economi ca l either,
because the raw material s for the preparation of Sorption studies
1
activated carbon s are not cheap Effective and Typical treatm ent consisted of shakin g I g o f
econom ical removal of tox ic io ns and dyes from mango seed powder and 25 mL of adsorbate so luti o n
indu stri a l waste water has resulted in a sea rch for low- containing 50 ].lg/mL of metal io n (C u. Cd o r Pb as
cost no n-conventi o nal methods and mate rials: bi ogas th e case may be) in plastic bottles at 200 rpm usin g a
res idual slurri .l, banana pith 4 , o range peel5 , peanut mechani ca l shaker. Th e ad so rbate was separated from
hull carbon 6 , waste Fe(III)/Cr(lll) hydroxide 78 , the adsorbent by centrifugation and th e supe rn atan t
modifi ed pinus pinoster bark 9 and peat 10 . Activated analysed .
carbon s produced from tamarind nutshe ll and li g nin
11
and li g nite find use in the removal of phosphate and Analyses
12
dyes respective ly. Pea nut hull carbon has been The re moval of metal ion was determin ed by
recently used as an effectiv e adsorbent for the Polarographic analyzer model PARC 384B consistin g
14 15
re moval of Hg( ll )6 , Cd(II) 13 , Ni(II) , Pb(II) and of static mercury drop (SMDE) as working e lectrode,
1
C u(ll) (l. The present endeavour has been contributed calomel as refere nce electrode and Pt wire as counte r
to the utili zati o n of the relatively co mmon , cheap and electrode. Medium size merc ury d rop was used . Sin ce
the mode l offers high sig nal to noi ::e rat io and auto-
*For correspondence (E- mail: p_ padmaja200I @yahoo.com; ranging current meas urement capability , square wave
vjk_ 30 11 [email protected]) was used for analysis. From the supernatant 9 mL was
Parekh eta/.: Remova l of trace metals with mango seed powder Articles
pipetted into a glass electro chemical cell followed by adsorption of indi vidual metal ion is obtained durin g
I mL of I M buffer soluti on (NaAc-Ac) and then 30 min to I h, after whi ch it decreases.
vo ltammogram was run . Peak current and peak The adsorption of metals by mango seed powder
potenti al were noted from the vo ltammogram. Thi s correlates with Freundli ch adso rpti on isotherm. The
was done for both soluti ons taken out after I and 2 h Freundli ch equati on is given as:
and al so for a control (so luti on containing 50 p g/mL
of metal ion in which mango seed powder was not x = xlll (K.C.)"
added). = Kt C''
Results and Discussion where

Data co ntained in Table I show th at for Cd
1
K = Xm K"
adsorpt ion is not much pH dependent in the range 2-8 . X = Am ount of metal ion s adso rbed at equilibrium
In th e case of Cu and Pb, Cu(OH h and Pb(OH h were concentrati on C
getti ng precipitated in th e alkaline co nditi ons; so X," Maximum amount of meta l ions adsorbed
adsorpt ion was done at ac idic pH. Further studies K Constant
we re clone for all the three meta ls at normal pH using
acetate buffer (p H 4.5). The res ults presented in Tabl e which is frequent ly used for th e interpretation of
2 revea l that th e adsorption process with mango seed adso rpti on from solu tion beca use of it s simpli city.
powde r is hi gh ly depend ent on co ncentration of
so luti on. Thi s is becau se at lower concentration of Analysis of synthetic samples
adso rbate the ratio of adso rbate to adso rbent is low, Synthetic sampl es co ntaining (C u, Cd and Pb) Cu-
subsequentl y the fractional adsorpti on becomes Pb, Cu-Cci, Cd-Pb and Cu-Cd-Pb where th e indi vidual
independent of initial concen tration. However at ionic concentration was 50 p g/mL were prepared and
hi gher co nce ntrati on, th e avai lab le sites of adsorption their adsorption behaviour in vest igated. The results
become fewer. and hence the percentage removal of are summari sed in Table 4 which clearl y demonstrat e
trace metal is dependent upon th e initial the potential of the method for the removal of Cu. Ccl
concentration. From the data where experiments were and Pb indi viduall y and in mixtures from various
done at I and 2 h, it is see n that subseq uent to waste waters and indu strial efflu ents. Studi es ha ve
maximum adsorption if th e solu tion is kept in contact also been done to rege nerate th e mango seed powder
with mango seed powder, the metal ions show a usin g various acids ( I M HCI/HNOo/ H 2 SO~). It has
tendency to return back in to the sol uti on. This is been found that 25 mL of I M HCI soluti on was
furth er justified by results in Table 3 where maximum suitable to regenerate I g of mango seed powder
Table !- Adsorpt ion o f Ccl at different pH Table 3-Effect of time on th e amount of metal ion removed
pH % Adsor~t i o n Cone . % removal
lh 2h I min 30 min lh 2h 4h
2 99.34 99.0 1 1000 p g/mL
4 99 .68 99 .36 ' Pb' 85.89 87 .3 1 87.70 86. 82 86.82
6 99.45 99.30 1000 p g/mL
8 99.46 99.32 'Cu' 87 .45 88.23 88.28 87 .96 8790
Table 2- - Aclsorpt ion study of Cd, Cu and Pb

Co ne. Ccl solution Cu soluti on Pb solutio n
pg/mL % removal Hi ghest% removal % removal Highest% removal % removal Hi ghest % re moval
lh 2h lh 2h lh 2h
10 99.15 99.60 99.60 100 100 100 92.7 1 100 100
20 99.64 99.58 99.64 93 .74 93.72 93.74 91. 16 92.62 92 .62
50 99.49 99.45 99.49 88.67 88.76 88.76 92.40 90.38 92.40
100 99. 12 99.30 99. 30 84.75 85.44 85.44 92.3 1 94.79 94.79
500 96.44 91.55 96.44 85.71 85. 59 85.7 1 87.93 86.98 87.93
1000 93 .20 96.76 96.76 88.28 87.96 88.28 87.70 87.3 1 87.76
541
A rticles Indi an J. Chem. Techno!. , Nove mber 2002
Tab le 4-S tudy of sy ntheti c so lution References

Weber W J & Smith G H. in Chemisrn- .filr Prorecrion o f'
Sy nt he ti c % removal
En vironmenr . edited by Pawloski L (Else vier. UK). 1986.
~o l uti o n Cu Cd Pb
471.
I h 2h I h 2h lh 2h
2 Na masivaya m C & Yamuna R T . Wa re r A ir So il Po/1111. 65
Cu+Cd+Pb 89.50 90.05 98 .1 0 97.90 94.45 97.67 ( 1992) I 0 1.
Cu + Pb 90. 7'}, 90.60 90.00 90.60 3 Namasivaya m C & Yamuna R T. Chclnlisphere. 30 ( 19lJ4 )
Cu +Cd 88 .94 88 .93 97 .68 97.55 56 1.
Cd + Pb 97. 55 96.98 88 .44 92.77 4 Namasivaya m C. Kanchana N & Yamun a R T. Wa s1e
M anage. 13 ( 1993) 89.
5 Namasivayam C. Muniasa my N. Gay~t11 11 i K. Ra ni M &
conta tmng I 0 pg/mL of C u/C d/Pb (rege ne rati o n was Ranganath an K. Bio rc.l ol!rce Techno/ . 57 ( 19lJ6 ) 37.
g reater th an 90 %) and the po wder co uld be re used 6 Namasivayam C & Peri asamy K. Wa rcr R,s. 27 ( Jl)l)3) 1663 .
aga in after was hin g w ith water se ve ra l times. 7 Na mas ivaya m C & Senth il kum ar S. Ads Sci Techno/. ( 19lJ5 )
293.
Conclusion 8 Na masivaya m C & Senthi lkum ar S, Che1J1o.1phere. 34 ( 1997)
T he prese nt stud y shows that man go seed powder is 357.
an effecti ve adsorbent fo r heavy meta ls. Th e stu dy o n 9 Vazqu ez G. An torre na G. Gonzalez J & Dova l M D.
Bioreso11rce Techn o /, 48 ( J9l)4) 25 1.
sy nth eti c so luti o ns sho ws that ma ngo seed po wde r
10 Virarag havan T & Mihial D J. Freseni11s En1 imn R111/. 4
can be used fo r th e re moval of heavy me tals fro m (1 995) 346.
was te wate rs in pl ace o f ex pe nsive conventi o na l II Bhargava D S & Sheldakar S B. En 1imn Po/1111. S2 ( Jl)<J 2)
adso rbents. As the adsorbe nt used is o ne w hich is 255 .
di sposed as a waste and is easily availab le, the 12 Venkata Rao 13 & Sastry C A. India n .I Em iron Pror. 7
trea tme nt meth od is ex pec ted to be econo mical. ( 19S7) 363.
13 Peri asamy K & Nam as ivayam C. /i l(/ Eng Chnn Res. 33
Ack nowledgement ( 1994) 3 17.
The authors are thankful to Head , Departme nt o f 14 Periasam y K & Na mas inayam C. Wasfl /vlanuge. 15 ( I <J95)
63.
App li ed C he mi stry, M .S .Unive rsity of Barod a fo r
15 Peri asa my K & Namas ivaya rn C. Sep Sci Tecluw l. 30 ( 1905 )
prov iding necess ary fac iliti es. DC P and JBP are 2223.
tha nkful to IPC L, Baroda fo r prov id ing necessary 16 Periasamy K & Namasivaya m C. Chem osphere. 32 ( 1996)
fac il iti es. 769.
542

Ijct 9 (6) 540-542

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ijct 9 (6) 540-542

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ijct 9 (6) 540-542

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Articles

In dia n Jo urnal o f C hemi cal Tec hno logy

Removal of trace metals with mango seed powder

Results and Discussion where

Table 2- - Aclsorpt ion study of Cd, Cu and Pb

Tab le 4-S tudy of sy ntheti c so lution References

You might also like