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    Kul-24.3200 Lecture PropII 01a

    Uploaded by

    Long Nguyen
    This document discusses the early design process for ship propellers. It covers: 1) Key parameters that must be selected like blade number, blade area ratio, shaft speed, and propeller diameter. 2) Using propeller series characteristics and open water diagrams to determine optimal values for parameters like shaft speed, pitch ratio, thrust, and efficiency. 3) Ensuring sufficient clearance between the propeller and stern by selecting a diameter that is typically 5-10% smaller than calculated to allow space.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Kul-24.3200 Lecture PropII 01a

    Uploaded by

    Long Nguyen
    108 views27 pages
    This document discusses the early design process for ship propellers. It covers: 1) Key parameters that must be selected like blade number, blade area ratio, shaft speed, and propeller diameter. 2) Using propeller series characteristics and open water diagrams to determine optimal values for parameters like shaft speed, pitch ratio, thrust, and efficiency. 3) Ensuring sufficient clearance between the propeller and stern by selecting a diameter that is typically 5-10% smaller than calculated to allow space.

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    Lecture on propellers and propulsion

    Original Title

    Kul-24.3200_Lecture_PropII_01a (1)

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    This document discusses the early design process for ship propellers. It covers: 1) Key parameters that must be selected like blade number, blade area ratio, shaft speed, and propeller diameter. 2) Using propeller series characteristics and open water diagrams to determine optimal values for parameters like shaft speed, pitch ratio, thrust, and efficiency. 3) Ensuring sufficient clearance between the propeller and stern by selecting a diameter that is typically 5-10% smaller than calculated to allow space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views27 pages

    Kul-24.3200 Lecture PropII 01a

    Uploaded by

    Long Nguyen
    This document discusses the early design process for ship propellers. It covers: 1) Key parameters that must be selected like blade number, blade area ratio, shaft speed, and propeller diameter. 2) Using propeller series characteristics and open water diagrams to determine optimal values for parameters like shaft speed, pitch ratio, thrust, and efficiency. 3) Ensuring sufficient clearance between the propeller and stern by selecting a diameter that is typically 5-10% smaller than calculated to allow space.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 27

    Propellers and

    propulsion
    Kul-24.3200 Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics

    Aalto University 25/10/2015 Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 1


    Content of the course
    Resistance
    Propulsion
    Introduction, Momentum theory on propeller action
    Screw propeller
    Propeller-hull interaction
    Early design of a propeller
    Propeller main engine interaction
    Stopping, accelerating and backing properties
    Propeller cavitation
    Special types of propulsors
    Afterbody form of a ship
    Ship dynamics

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 2


    Propeller: selection and early design

    Additional reading
    Matusiak J (2010) Laivan propulsio. M-176. Chapter 5
    Matusiak J (2008) Short introduction to Ship Resistance and
    Propulsion. Section 5.8
    Lewis E.V., editor (1988) Principles of Naval Architecture, Second
    revision. Volume II. SNAME. Available in Knovel.

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics Aalto University 3


    Propeller: selection and early design
    General

    Preliminary design
    Blade number
    Blade area ratio
    Twin screw: direction of the rotation
    Optimal shaft speed / Optimum diameter / Freedom to choose
    both diameter and shaft speed
    Bollard pull

    Applying systematic propeller series

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 4


    Propeller: selection and early design
    General

    Preliminary design
    Blade number
    Blade area ratio
    Twin screw: direction of the rotation
    Optimal shaft speed / Optimum diameter / Freedom to choose
    both diameter and shaft speed
    Bollard pull

    Applying systematic propeller series

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 5


    General

    Jurek p. 92

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 6


    General on the early design
    Selecting the main dimensions of the propeller
    What is known?
    Resistance of the ship RT
    Wake factor w
    Thrust deduction coefficient t
    What is used?
    Open water characteristics of the propeller series
    Given as polynomials KT=f1(P/D,AE/A0,J,Z) and KQ=f2(P/D,AE/A0,J,Z)
    Other geometrical parameters are fixed.
    After early design
    Ensure the compatibility of the propeller and the main engine in
    the off-design conditions where the ship will operate.
    Ballast condition, bollard pull, accelerating, stopping, backing

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 7


    Propeller: selection and early design
    General

    Preliminary design
    Blade number
    Blade area ratio
    Twin screw: direction of the rotation
    Optimal shaft speed / Optimum diameter / Freedom to choose
    both diameter and shaft speeds
    Bollard pull

    Applying systematic propeller series

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 8


    Number of blades
    First dimension to be determinated
    Typically 2-5 blades
    The optimum diameter decreases when the blade number
    increases.
    The blade frequency fb depends on the revolutions n and
    blade number Z.
    fb=nZ
    Consider the possibility of resistance! Hull and propeller shaft

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 9


    Blade area ratio

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 10


    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 11
    Optimum shaft speed thrust known
    Known: ship velocity V, ship resistance RT, wake fraction w,
    thrust deduction coefficient t, stern shape
    Select the propeller diameter that fits the stern
    Tip clearance 0.25-0.30 % of the propeller diameter
    Propeller disk above the base line
    Calculate

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 12



    b

    Is plotted on top of an open


    water diagram
    Intersections of the polynomial c
    and the torque curves: read
    Advance number J (a) a
    Efficiency (b)
    Thrust coefficient (c)
    Torque coefficient (d)
    Calculate

    Tabulate
    d

    Plot and n as a function of P/D

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 13


    Optimum shaft speed thrust known
    The maximum value of the efficiency max corresponds the
    optimal revolutions nopt and the pitch ratio (P/D)opt.

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 14


    Optimum shaft speed delivered
    power is known
    Known: delivered power PD, ship velocity V, wake fraction w,
    propeller diameter
    Aim: Find out revolutions n, pitch ratio P/D, thrust T

    Plot to open water diagram

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 15


    Optimum shaft speed delivered
    power is known
    Calculate

    Plot

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 16


    Optimum propeller diameter
    Fixed: revolutions n, delivered power PD, ship velocity V, wake
    fraction w
    Aim: Find out the optimum diameter of the propeller that
    renders the maximum efficiency
    Calculate

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 17


    Optimum propeller diameter
    Plot to open water diagram

    Calculate for intersections

    Tabulate

    Plot and D as a function of P/D

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 18


    Optimum propeller diameter
    Efficiency curve is usually flat. Small deviation from Dopt
    doesnt affect much
    The procedure gives a diameter that is too large.
    Single screw vessel: 5%
    Twin screw vessel: 2-3 %
    Reason: the flow is different
    in open water and behind
    the ship (recall hB).
    Rule of thumb: P+D=const.
    Decreasing the diameter due
    to the available space at stern:
    10-14 %
    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 19
    Free choice of both revolutions n and
    diameter D
    Open water curves:
    Efficiency increases with the pitch ratio
    max when P/D = 2.2: very large propeller with low revolutions
    In practice: (P/D)max = 1.41.5
    When n and D are not fixed
    Free choice of P/D (e.g. P/D=1.3)
    Read from open water curves slightly leftwards from the maximum
    efficiency:
    Advance number J
    Torque coefficient KQ
    Calculate revolutions and diameter from

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 20


    Bollard pull
    Trawlers, tugboat and ice-going ships
    The resistance is often much higher than in open water.
    Extreme case: bollard pull. The resistance is infinitely large and the ship
    speed is zero.

    Estimating bollard pull


    It is not possible to use KQ /J5 because J = VA/nD = 0.
    Known: delivered power PD, revolutions n and thrust deduction
    coefficient t.
    Vary diameter D and calculate

    Interpolate to find out the P/D that corresponds KQ.


    For this P/D, read KT form open water curves. Calculate thrust.
    Calculate Pollard pull = T(1-t)

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 21


    Propeller: selection and early design
    General

    Preliminary design
    Blade number
    Blade area ratio
    Twin screw: direction of the rotation
    Optimal shaft speed / Optimum diameter / Freedom to choose
    both diameter and shaft speed
    Bollard pull

    Applying systematic propeller series

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 22


    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 23
    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 24
    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 25
    Summary

    What is relevant in your opinion?

    How do you select / do the early design of a propeller?


    Which parameters need to be selected?
    How to find out optimal / suitable values?
    How to ensure that there is enough space at the stern?

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 26


    References

    Matusiak J (2010) Laivan kulkuvastus. M-289. Available in


    Mycourses
    Matusiak J (2013) Slides Propulsion ENG 2. Available in
    Mycourses

    Introduction of Marine Hydrodynamics 27

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