Oil and Gas Guide James Walker

Sealing Products & Materials
for the Oil & Gas Industry

Word-leading sealing technology
High integrity products for safety,
environmental & revenue protection
RGD-resistant elastomers
qualified to Norsok M-710
Global stockholding & support
Proven track record
High Performance Sealing Technology

About this guide
Introduction Material data sheets

3 Services to the oil & gas sector 24 AF69/90
Customised products 25 AF71/80
Customised supply 26 AF85/90
27 Chem-O-Lion 180
Sealing products & accessories 28 Elast-O-Lion 101
4 O rings 29 Elast-O-Lion 180
Springsele & Teesele 30 Elast-O-Lion 280
FS Casing & Tubing Seal 31 Elast-O-Lion 380
5 P-Seal 32 Elast-O-Lion 985
Casing & tubing hanger packers 33 FR10/80
Chevron mud pump packings 34 FR25/90
6 Metal end cap seals 35 FR58/90
API & ASME metal ring joints 36 FR64/80
Metaflex spiral wound gaskets 37 LR5853/90
7 Devlon valve seats & seat inserts 38 LR6316/75
RotaBolt tension control 39 NL56/70
Comflex expansion joints 40 NM86/80LF
This document is presented as a source 8 Comflex flexible bellows
of reference for designers, engineers, Tico Pipe Grips Product selection
purchasing officers and operating Tico Clip Strips 41 Overview of sealing products &
personnel who have the responsibility materials
of specifying and selecting seals, Materials technology Exploration and drilling
packings and associated items. 9 High performance elastomer ranges Testing and completion
10 Type approvals 42 Production
Details of sealing products, plus data History of success 43 O rings
sheets and media compatibility details FR58/90 & FR25/90 44 O ring design notes Housings for
for elastomeric materials, are provided 11 Elast-O-Lion general service
where these are used in specific 12 Overview of elastomers 46 O ring Chart 50: inch & metric sizes
aspects of the oil and gas production Compounding 49 O rings for pipe fittings
process. Nitrile, NBR 50 O ring Chart 72: metric sizes
Hydrogenated nitrile, HNBR 52 O ring Chart 17000: inch sizes
In many cases size charts are included (Elast-O-Lion) 53 O rings of non-standard sizes
to enable customers to specify the Fluoroelastomer, FKM 54 Springsele & Teesele
exact seal they require. Information 13 Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene 59 FS Casing & Tubing Seal
is also given on how to design the dipolymers, FEPM (eg, Aflas)
appropriate seal housings. Perfluoroelastomers, FFKM Seal failure
(eg, Kalrez) 61 Modes & analysis
A separate section covering seal failure High performance composites
mechanisms has been included to Elastomer/fabrics
help customers assess their sealing Elastomer/engineering plastics James Walker facilities
problems so that appropriate remedial Elastomer/metal 68 Research & development
action can be taken. 14 Oilfield media compatibility 69 Production techniques & facilities
Oilfield media general guide
This guide forms part of a package of 15 Temperature & pressure factors General information
support that James Walker offers to 16 Oilfield media compatibility chart 70 Trademark acknowledgements
the oil and gas industry on a worldwide 18 Basic elastomer technology Health warning
basis. In addition we offer: overview of terms 71 Product guides
Full technical support service 20 Rapid gas decompression (RGD) 72 James Walker Oilfield Support
incorporating advice on existing 22 Low temperature behaviour worldwide
products. 23 Low temperature testing
Bespoke designs to meet customers Industry test methods for
individual requirements. elastomers
A broad training package that covers
the needs of OEMs and operators.
2 To order or get further details, call your local contact shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz
Introduction
Services to the oil & gas

industry
James Walker has long been committed
to the provision of sealing solutions for the
exploration and production of oil and gas.
As the technology employed to exploit

natural resources has developed, the
materials and products used have likewise
had to evolve to cater for increasingly
arduous conditions and longer life
expectations.
A multiplicity of plant, equipment, and

operating environments exist within this
most demanding of industries. Moreover,
processes and methods of fluid handling
vary from field to field, both on and
offshore.
These factors present many challenges

to our seal designers and material
technologists, including complications
such as:
High temperature and/or pressure.
Presence of naturally occurring
impurities such as hydrogen sulphide.
Quality assured in-house compounding of high performance elastomers
Introduced chemicals such as corrosion
inhibitors, biocides, descalers, and
hydrate inhibitors. Customised products Customised supply
Difficult tolerances.
Vibration.
We have the in-house infrastructure, Our ability to meet the most urgent
Low temperatures.
dedicated internal mixing facilities and demands of the oil and gas industry is
test laboratories, supported by legendary. So too is our delivery record on
technologists and engineers, offering work-over projects worldwide.
The correct selection and specification
maximum production flexibility. Our
of sealing materials and products is a
staff work closely with many of the We hold some ten million sealing items
prerequisite to the effective operation of
worlds major oil companies and original in stock for immediate shipment from
plant and the prevention of expensive
equipment manufacturers to develop our central automated warehouse in the
downtime.
sealing technology that delivers optimum UK. For North American operators, our
performance in a range of hostile centre at Houston in Texas holds stocks
operating environments. of popular items to meet the demands
of all exploration, drilling and extraction
This philosophy has fostered the constant operations.
development of improved materials and
new generations of products that push Where necessary, we will maintain bonded
forward the boundaries of sealing stocks on your sites for instant call-off, or
technology. Each innovation brings with hold customer-specific products at our
it the need to verify and validate the central warehouse.
excellence of our designs by testing them
to industry and customer-specific standards. Our companies and distributors cover
over 100 countries, worldwide. Many
Critical inspection of seals By this means we maintain and of these outlets hold customer-specific
to micron accuracy continuously enhance our reputation as products by prior arrangement, enabling
a world leader in the provision of sealing priority supply to the oil and gas industry.
solutions at the forefront of materials and
design technology.
To order or get further details, call your local contact 3shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 3
Sealing products & accessories
O rings Springsele & Teesele FS Casing & Tubing Seal
Springsele
Teesele
The O ring, or toroidal seal, is an Springsele and Teesele This design is essentially
exceptionally versatile sealing device. are two seal ranges, especially a hybrid of the Springsele
Applications ranging from automotive developed by James and P-Seal. The most
to critical refinery or aerospace duties Walker to solve common applications are
make it the worlds most popular problems commonly replacements for P-Seals
volume-produced seal. experienced by the manufacturers as casing and hanger seals
and users of oilfield equipment. on wellheads.
O rings have many benefits, they:
Suit many static and dynamic duties. Both seal types are double acting and will The combination of design, materials
Occupy little space. seal applications that are subjected to: and construction ensures that high-
Will seal in both directions. Extremes of pressure and temperature. performance FS seals retain their sealing
Are compatible with most fluid media. Attack by oilfield media. integrity under adverse conditions,
Elastomeric rings can function between Large extrusion clearances. including:
65C and +327C (85F and +620F) Arduous mechanical conditions. Stab-in operations.
according to material type. Wide ranges of temperature and
PTFE rings can perform at temperatures
Teesele is capable of operating in a
pressure.
dynamic mode, whereas Springsele is
down to 200C (328F). Chemically aggressive and highly
recommended for static duties. Both seals
abrasive oilfield media.
James Walker has been making high can operate at high pressures with large
quality O rings since this sealing method extrusion gaps. They are used for many oil
This seal can be retrofitted to many
was introduced in the 1930s. and gas duties, including:
conventional P-Seal housings with minor
Down-hole.
We precision mould O rings in over 100 modifications to the ports. It offers
Wellhead.
grades of high performance and general- reductions in installation time without the
Surface equipment.
purpose elastomers to international, need for pack-off operations.
Valves, high-pressure pipelines and
national or industry standards, as well as
riser systems.
to custom specifications. Our FS Casing & Tubing Seal has been
They can be: validated on rough casings in DNV
We hold over seven million O rings in witnessed tests to API 6A Appendix F, PR2
Fitted at original equipment stage.
stock ready for same-day despatch, and procedures at 69MPa (10,000psi) and
Retrofitted in any existing housing
will supply non-stocked O rings within 18C to +121C (0F to +250F).
designed for O rings with back-up
days.
rings.
Full temperature capability is 29C to
Custom-designed and manufactured to
See pages 43-53 for full details. +177C (20F to +350F) depending on
fit non-standard housings.
size, pressure and material.
See pages 54-58 for full details. The FS Seal is supplied to suit standard
API casings from 2 to 30 inches
diameter.
See pages 59-60 for full details.
P-Seal Casing & tubing hanger packers Chevron mud pump packings
This static seal is used in We produce a Our Chevron brand (known

casing and tubing heads wide range of as Shallex in some regions) of
to seal rough casing and fully developed double V-ring packing constantly
production tubing. It is and rigorously outperforms many traditional
energised by injection of tested hanger packers for casing or mud pump packings.
plastic packing sticks. production tubing.
This product has been developed
for high-pressure, positive
Profiled sealing element of rubberised These vary considerably in design, and
displacement pumps used for mud
fabric or homogeneous elastomer. generally comprise a square or rectangular
pumping duties with a variety of
Anti-extrusion elements comprise mesh section profile that is compressed axially
highly abrasive media comprising different
of compressed stainless steel wire to in a housing to generate radial sealing
solids, oils and water content. It offers better
BS EN 10088-3-1.4436 (formerly forces against the casing or tubing.
performance, lower friction operation and
Grade 316 S33).
Our range covers lower wear than conventional packings.
Wide range of top quality elastomer
Dual/multiple tubing designs in both
and fabric materials suitable for oilfield It is based on our widely used Chevron
split and endless form.
duties to meet customer specifications. multi-lip packing that is highly regarded for
Compact wellhead types incorporating
Our P-Seals have been tested in reliability and long life while working under
robust anti-extrusion elements.
accordance with API 6A specification. adverse mechanical conditions.
Sliding seal rings.
In action, the inside diameter (primary Trash seals and retainer cups/support Proven performance
sealing face) acts on outside diameter of rings. Used in North Sea by UK and
the casing/tubing running through it. A High temperature, high pressure Norwegian operators to minimise
groove/recess in opposite face houses annulus seals. pump downtime.
injected plastic packing to energise the Worked without failure for 65,000
Packers are made of homogeneous
system and create an effective seal. barrels of mud on triplex pumps where
elastomer, or may incorporate
traditional packings usually survive for
P-Seals are supplied to suit standard API reinforcement in the form of rubberised
only 3000 barrels.
casing/tubing sizes. fabric, woven steel mesh, or solid metal
Fitted to mud pumps as standard by
end caps to resist extrusion.
Plastic packing sticks major oilfield contractors.
We make two grades for use with P-Seals Each form of construction has been fully
These pump packings typically comprise
and other designs that are energised by developed and tested.
a seven or nine part set:
the injection of plastic packing.
Our casing and hanger tubing packers Header ring of rigid nitrile rubber.
Standard temperature packing sticks
are manufactured in sizes to suit specific Intermediate rings: two of nitrile-
(LR5640/C2 grade).
applications and operating conditions. proofed aramid-based fabric and three
Higher temperature packing sticks
of UHMWPE.
(LRCM100B grade).
Block gland ring of UHMWPE.
Both have thermally stable viscosity/flow
Spacer rings (when required): two of
characteristics, together with low surface
brass.
friction and good surface adhesion.
Packing sticks are extruded in standard Chevron (Shallex) mud pump packing is
diameters of 19mm to 38mm ( to 1 available in all sizes to fit standard industry
inch). Other sizes supplied on request. housings.
Metal end cap seals API & ASME metal ring joints Metaflex spiral wound gaskets
Our metal end cap seals are Manufactured in the UK by Metaflex gaskets are spiral
hybrid metal/elastomeric API licensee James Walker wound in V-section metal strip
products with a high level Moorflex, these precision- and a softer filler material so that
of the extrusion resistance machined ring joint gaskets flange surfaces are presented
necessary for high are used worldwide in with a spiral of alternate metal/
pressure casing and tubing high-pressure oilfield filler layers. They are quick to
application. applications as well as on install and easy to remove.
refining and processing plant.
These gaskets will seal flanges
We have a long history of successfully
They are supplied to API 6A where temperature, pressure,
designing these seals for ISO 10423
(oilfield use) and ASME B16.20 vibration or flow rates are beyond
F.1.11 (pressure and thermal cycling)
(general use) standards to fit the capability of conventional
accreditation.
ASME, BS and DIN flanges. jointing materials. They are widely
Special features: James Walker Moorflex is used on pipelines, pressure
Metal end caps are chemically bonded licensed by the American vessels and heat exchangers.
to an element of high performance Petroleum Institute to apply the API
Special features:
elastomer. monogram to gaskets in accordance with
Gaskets are made to a variety of sizes
Elastomer energises the system for API 6A PSL4 requirements.
and shapes: circular, obround, square,
efficient sealing.
Machined metal gaskets include: oval and diamond. Gaskets for non-
Intimate metal-to-metal contact is
R type (oval and octagonal) solid standard flanges are made to order.
maintained between the end cap and
sections to fit standard ring joint Combinations of metal winding strip
the sealing surface.
flanges with trapezoidal grooves. and filler are selected to suit fluid
End caps provide extrusion resistance
Types RX and BX with complex media and operating conditions.
and support for the elastomeric
bevelled edge sections for wellhead Operating temperatures from
element.
pressures above 69MPa (10,000psi). cryogenic up to 1000C (1832F).
Metal components are typically Lens section, convex, wedge, double- System pressures from high vacuum
manufactured of stainless steel or nickel cone, and weld ring types. to in excess of 35MPa (5076psi).
alloys for corrosion resistance. Support rings, inside and/or outside
These are available in a variety of metals,
of spiral, enable gasket to be used for
Our metal end cap seals are often custom including soft iron, low carbon steel, alloy
high line pressure on flat face or raised
designed and manufactured to suit steels F5 and 410; stainless steels 304,
face flanges.
specific wellhead sealing environments. 304L, 316, 316L, 321 and 347. High nickel
They are also available in a range of alloys, super alloy steels and other grades
Metaflex gaskets are manufactured in
sections, sizes and materials. of stainless steel are available.
accordance with all relevant standards to
Our metal ring joint gaskets are supplied suit flange designations: ASME B16.5, BS
to the listed standards and customer 1560 pt 3.2, ASME B16.47 Series A (MSS-
specifications in all sizes and materials. SP44), ASME B16.47 Series B, EN 1092;
We also manufacture customers plus DIN, JIS and NF.
proprietary designs where confidentiality
Separate literature is available.
agreements are in force.
Sealing
Main Page
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Devlon valve seats & seat inserts RotaBolt tension control Comflex expansion joints
Devlon V-API is RotaBolt fasteners are We have global experience in

an engineering modified bolts and studs that the design, manufacture and
thermoplastics material allow specific tensions to be installation of expansion joints
that is specified for the accurately applied. Correct for gas turbines at on-shore
manufacture of valve tension is easily checked, and offshore locations. Our
seats by major oil and using either a finger-feel service includes on-site
gas producers worldwide. device or visual indicator evaluation using thermal
built into the fastener. imaging techniques.
Valve seats of Devlon V-API were
introduced in the early 1980s as high RotaBolts are extensively used for Comflex expansion joints are made of
performance alternatives to filled-PTFE flange jointing and structural assembly non-asbestos materials. Their composite
and filled-nylon types that often restricted duties in the offshore and processing construction provides durability with
increased flex fatigue life over comparable
the design of valves. sectors. They prove invaluable where
systems, and avoids loss of insulation due
an unreliable bolted joint could have an to shake down or compaction.
Devlon V-API is highly cost effective and
impact on revenue, health and safety or
offers many advantages over traditional
environmental performance. Special features:
valve seat materials. In third party tests
it displays significant improvements in Special features: Comflex Gas Turbine Exhaust Expansion
operating temperatures and pressures. Every RotaBolt is calibrated to ensure Joint
the achievement of design load is Accepts high temperatures, large
Special features: movements, pulsations and vibration.
accurately monitored.
Very wide operating temperature Grades rated up to 1000C (1832F).
This system is far more reliable than a
range: -193C to +200C (-315F to
torque wrench or hydraulic tensioner. Comflex Gas Turbine Inlet Expansion Joint
+392C).
Resists corrosion, elevated and Long life, with excellent sound
Withstands pressure of 41.4MPa
cryogenic temperatures, shock attenuation and particulate free inner
(6000psi) at 176C (349F). surface.
and vibration.
Approved to Shell MESC 77/130
With RotaBolts 1 and 2, tension is
for use in high pressure valves Comflex Multi-Layer Fabric Wrap
easy to finger-check, even wearing (Speedwrap)
conforming to API 6D.
protective gloves or diving equipment. An emergency measure for failed
Valve seats and seat inserts are precision RotaBolt Vision is readily monitored at expansion joints that often becomes
engineered to customer specification. a distance and in many locations that the permanent solution.
Current manufacturing capabilities cover are difficult to access.
Comflex Gas Turbine Exhaust and Inlet
diameters from 25.4mm to 2250mm (1.0- expansion joints are made to order to
Standard load settings: 5t to 350t.
inch to 88.6-inch). Devlon V-API is also any shape and size we hold stocks of
RotaBolt 1 has an indicator setting of
supplied as tubes and billets for local materials to meet urgent orders. Comflex
5%, RotaBolt 2 has upper/lower settings
machining. Multi-Layer Fabric Wrap is available
as required.
ex-stock UK in widths 250mm, 375mm
Separate literature is available. and 500mm (9.8, 14.8 and 19.7-inch).
RotaBolt is supplied as standard for M12
to M125 bolts and M18 to M125 studs,
in a wide variety of high strength alloys. Separate literature is available.
Customer-supplied fasteners can be modified.
Comflex flexible bellows Tico Pipe Grips Tico Clip Strips
We have ranges of standard These fully-engineered Our Tico Clip Strips provide
and custom designed bellows. pipe grips are widely the highest level of shock and
The selection of bellows design, used with stainless vibration isolation between
convolution width, construction steel and Cu/Ni pipes at pipework and hanger.
and materials will depend on your offshore and on-shore
specific application. installations worldwide. These highly effective and
economical products are used
Special features: Available as either grip-type or guide-type
worldwide in the offshore,
pipe hangers, they accommodate thermal
petrochemical and chemical
Comflex Fabric Reinforced Bellows movement and fully isolate the pipe from
sectors. We manufacture them from
Vulcanised construction in heavy its support to help prevent electrolytic
our Tico S grade of cork-elastomer that
duty elastomer-proofed fabric. corrosion.
Used as heavy duty protectors is well proven across industry for its load
on hydraulic rams and other Special features: bearing capacity and the attenuation of
dynamic systems. Specifically designed to perform their noise and vibration.
function safely, economically and
Special features:
Comflex Metallic Bellows reliably.
Quick and easy to fit.
Highly engineered products Rubber parts are moulded from fire
manufactured in many alloys. Raised shoulders for positive location.
retardant material and have low
Contain system pressure in pipes Three grades for different
evolution of toxic gases.
and absorb thermal movement and temperatures.
Serrated inner face on grip-type model
vibration. Sizes to suit most common strap
provides unrivalled level of cushioning
widths.
Comflex Rubber Bellows and support.
Pliable and easy to cut.
Absorb displacement and motion Metal parts of high quality zinc-plated
between flanges. Protects against electrolytic action
or stainless steel.
Nitrile (NBR) or ethylene-propylene between dissimilar metals.
Accurate threads for easy fitting.
(EPDM) synthetic elastomers. Special types are available, including
Easy identification code: red is for use
versions with increased fire retardancy.
Comflex PTFE Lined Rubber Bellows with Cu/Ni pipes; black for stainless
For chemical environments. steel pipes. Operational temperatures:
Comflex Fabric Reinforced and PTFE Tico S/CL: Up to 100C (212F) constant.
Operational temperature range: -50C to
Lined Rubber Bellows are made to order. Tico HT/CL: Up to 150C (302F) constant.
+120C constant or +150C intermittent
Metallic Bellows are supplied in standard Tico VHT/CL: Up to 300C (572F) constant.
(-58F to +248F, or +302F intermittent).
axial, lateral and angular ranges, plus
custom designed. Rubber Bellows are Tico Pipe Grips are supplied in a range of Clip Strips are supplied in 1.2m (47-inch)
supplied in stock sizes from 25NB to standard sizes to fit pipes from 0.5-inch lengths. Tico S/CL and Tico HT/CL are
400NB, plus custom built to 2500NB. to 8.0-inch (12.7mm to 203.2mm). Non- stocked in sizes for clip widths of 12.5mm
Separate literature is available. standard sizes are available on request. to 150mm (0.5-inch to 5.9-inch). Tico VHT/
CL is stocked in sizes for clip widths of
Separate literature is available. 35mm to 115mm (1.38-inch to 4.5-inch).
8 To order or get further details, call your local contact 8shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz
Materials technology
High performance elastomer ranges
Hardness *Temperature
Polymer
Range designation availability capability Property profile
description
IRHD C (F)
Fluoroelastomer FKM
FR10/- - FKM di 50,60,70,80,90 18 to +200 (0 to +392) General purpose, low compression set grades
FR17/- - FKM ter 65,75,80,90,95 12 to +210 (+10 to +410) General purpose; improved fuel resistance to FR10/
FR25/- -[90= ] FKM tetra LT 70,80,90 41 to +200 (42 to +392) Low temperature grades; FR25/90 has excellent RGD resistance
FR44/- - FKM di 50,60,70,80,90 18 to +200 (0 to +392) General purpose; low compression set; green in colour
FR58/- -[90= ] FKM ter 90,98 27 to +210 (17 to +410) Special RGD resistant grades; many oilfield approvals
FR64/- - FKM di 70,80 18 to +200 (0 to +392) Specially compounded for steam/water applications
FR66/- - FKM ter 80 12 to +205 (+10 to +401) Developed for rotary seals with complex profiles; green
LR5781 FKM ter 75 12 to +205 (+10 to +401) Developed for rotary seals with complex profiles
LR5853 FKM tetra 80,90 0 to +230 (+32 to +446) High fluorine content; excellent fluid resistance
LR6316 FKM tetra LT 75,90 29 to +205 (20 to +401) High fluorine content; low temperature grades
LR6410 FKM tetra 60,80 1 to +205 (+30 to +401) High fluorine content; for complex profiles
Speciality fluoroelastomer
Chem-O-Lion Special 60,80 10 to +205 (+14 to +401) Exceptional fluid resistance
Hydrogenated nitrile HNBR

Elast-O-Lion 100 series E-O-L 101 is an excellent RGD resistant grade operating
Medium ACN 70,80,90 29 to +160 (20 to +320)
[101= ] to +180C (+356F) in oil
Improved hydrocarbon resistance: E-O-L 201 has excellent
Elast-O-Lion 200 series High ACN 70,80,90 10 to +150 (+14 to+302)
RGD resistance
Improved fuel and flexfuel resistance: E-O-L 301 has
Elast-O-Lion 300 series Ultra high ACN 70,80,90 5 to +150 (+23 to +302)
excellent RGD resistance
Elast-O-Lion 800 series Medium ACN 60,70,80,90 25 to +125 (13 to +257) For large section mouldings and extruded profiles
Elast-O-Lion 900 series Special low temperature grades; E-O-L 985 is RGD
Low ACN 55,65,75,85 55 to +150 (67 to +302)
[985= ] resistant
Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene FEPM (eg, Aflas)

AF69/- - [90= ] High MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) AF69/90 is RGD resistant; used only for simple profiles
AF71/- - Medium MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) Grade for O rings
AF85/- - Low MW 70,80,90 +5 to +205 (+41 to +401) General purpose; extrusion resistant
Perfluoroelastomer FFKM
Kalrez See separate literature available on request
Miscellaneous NBR & EPM

NL56/- - Low ACN 50,70,80 50 to +110 (58 to +230) Very low temperature grades
NM86/- -LF Medium ACN 70,80,90 29 to +120 (20 to +248) Low friction grade
PB- - Medium ACN 60,70,80,90 25 to +110 (13 to +230) High quality general purpose nitrile
EP18/H/- - EPM 65,75,85 40 to +120 (40 to +248) Capable of +180C in saturated steam
* Minimum temperatures stated relate generally to the onset of stiffening. Brittleness will occur at up to 22C (40F) below this point and in many cases capability is down to
this temperature. However, for FR25/, FR58/, Elast-O-Lion 100 Series and Elast-O-Lion 900 Series we state the minimum operating temperatures. High pressure causes an
increase in stiffening temperature. If in doubt, please consult our Technical Support Team.
Elastomer compounds displaying these symbols (see material data sheets), are compliant with or where required, approved to the relevant specifications
and tests.
JAMES WALKER
JAMES WALKER TOTAL
JAMES WALKER TOTAL NORSOK
TOTAL NORSOK NORSOK
SHELL DODEP SHELL DODEPSHELL DODEP JAMES WALKER TOTAL
ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 142 03/01
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009GS PVV 142 PVV 142M-710
GS03/01 03/01 M-710 M-710
02.01B.03.02 02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02 ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 142 03/01
Type approvals
End users and OEMs have validated many of our products against specific international, industry and in-house standards. This is small
selection of the validations of which we are aware.
Seal size Temperature Pressure

Seal type Elastomer
(inch) Sealing duty Validated against standard
grade C F MPa psi
dia / section
Springsele E-O-L 101 10.0 / 0.275 Riser joint connector ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -18 to +121 0 to +250 69 10,000
Springsele E-O-L 101 13.5 / 0.275 Riser joint connector ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -18 to +121 0 to +250 69 10,000
Springsele FR25/90 6.0 / 0.275 Wellhead choke ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -7 to +121 +20 to +250 103.4 15,000
Springsele FR25/90 8.125 / 0.275 Wellhead choke ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -7 to +121 +20 to +250 103.4 15,000
Springsele E-O-L 985 9.5 / 0.275 Valve ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -29 to +121 -20 to +250 103.4 15,000
Springsele E-O-L 985 10.9 / 0.275 Wellhead ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -46 to +121 -50 to +250 34.5 5000
Metal End Cap
E-O-L 985 18.75 / 0.690 Wellhead ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -18 to +177 0 to +350 44.8 6500
Seal
Metal End Cap
FR25/90 13.35 / 0.625 Wellhead choke ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -7 to +121 +20 to +250 103.4 15,000
Seal
Metal End Cap
E-O-L 101 18.6 / 0.330 Riser body ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 +2 to +121 +35 to +250 69 10,000
Seal
EF Seal E-O-L 985 12.88 / 0.410 Riser joint ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -29 to +82 -20 to +180 69 10,000
O Rings E-O-L 985 1.25 / 0.139 Valve ISO 10423 (API 6A PR2) F.1.11 -18 to +177 0 to +350 103.4 15,000
ISO 10423 (API 6A) F.1.13
Springsele E-O-L 101 0.210 section Valve +82 +180 69 10,000
Class DD/EE Sour Service
ISO 10423 (API 6A) F.1.13
Springsele E-O-L 101 0.275 section Valve +82 +180 69 10,000
ISO 10423 (API 6A) F.1.13
EF Seal E-O-L 101 0.385 section Riser +82 +180 69 10,000
ISO 10423 (API 6A) F.1.13
O Rings E-O-L 101 0.210 section Valve +82 +180 69 10,000
Note: E-O-L denotes Elast-O-Lion
History of success
The charts on this and the following page show how, when and where some of our leading elastomers specially developed for oil
and gas industry duties James Walker FR58/90 (FKM), FR25/90 (FKM) and Elast-O-Lion (HNBR) have successfully solved fluid
sealing problems in harsh environments.
FR58/90 & FR25/90

Supply Temperature Pressure
Grade Seal type Media
from C F MPa psi
FR58/90 O rings 1983 Natural gas (with trace H2S) -11 to +60 +12 to +140 10.3 1500
FR58/90 Springsele 1984 Hydrocarbons with H2S/CO2 +80 +176 124.1 18,000
FR58/90 O rings 1984 MEG + amines; crude/sour crude +73 +164 127.6 18,500
Crude oil; condensate; NG; petroleum;
FR58/90 Closure seal 1985 -12 to +180 +10 to +356 34.5 5000
dewaxing chemicals
FR58/90 Custom seal 1987 Natural gas; produced gas; crude; CO2 Up to +200 Up to +392 Up to 125 Up to 18,000
Sour crude/gas; seawater; formation water;
FR58/90 Springsele 1987 +65 +149 13.8 to 34.5 2000 to 5000
completion brines; lifting gas
FR58/90 Special seal 1987 Unprocessed North Sea gas +40 +104 20.6 3000
FR58/90 Springsele 1988 MEG + amines; crude/sour crude +73 +164 127.6 18,500
FR58/90 Teesele 1995 MEG + amines; crude/sour crude +73 +164 127.6 18,500
Produced hydrocarbons; H2S; CO2;
FR25/90 Teesele 1999 +6 to +200 +43 to +392 172.4 25,000
water; glycol
FR58/90 Teesele 2000 Nitrogen; produced hydrocarbons; CO2 +220 +428 103.5 15,000
Control fluids; produced hydrocarbons;
FR58/90 Custom seal 2002 +160 +320 17 2465
dewaxing chemicals
FR25/90 O rings 2003 Produced gas; corrosion inhibitors; CO2 -29 to +80 -20 to +176 22 3190
Closure door
FR25/90 2003 Natural gas; gas condensate 0 to +28 +32 to +82 13.8 2000
seal
Elast-O-Lion
Temperature Pressure
Supply
Grade Seal type Media
from
C F MPa psi
101 Springsele 1992 Sour gas containing 1.5% CO2 +100 +212 69 10,000
101 Solosele G 1992 Water/glycol hydraulic fluid -20 to +120 -4 to +248 48.2 7,000
101 Custom seal 1992 Methane/ethane/CO2/H2S -30 to +105 -22 to +221 69 10,000
Sour gas; 2.5% CO2; 15% HCl; 1% HF; 69 10,000

injected MeOH; amines; CaBr and glycol; (working) (working)
101 Springsele 1993 -20 to +125 -4 to +257
H2S requirements to NACE MR-01-75/ISO 15156 103.5 (test) 15,000 (test)
1. Water/glycol (HW540); 2. Produced gas;

101 Springsele 1993 +4 to +105 +39 to + 221 51.7 7500
3. MeOH/amine injection
101 O rings 1993 Produced gas/MeOH & amine injection -20 to +120 -4 to +248 10.3 to 20.6 1500 to 3000
101 O rings 1993 Produced well fluid/LPG/MeOH -35 to +140 -31 to +284 55.2 8000
101 Springsele 1994 MEG + amines; crude/sour crude +90 to +130 +194 to+266 127.6 18,500
201 Solosele G 1994 Produced fluid/hydraulic fluid Ambient Ambient 34.5 5000
Lotork for Produced gas (sweet & sour) + various

201 1994 +40 +104 20.6 to 34.5 3000 to 5000
FPSO swivel injected chemicals
Natural gas; mineral oil; crude oil;

201 Solosele G 1995 +110 +230 34.5 to 55.2 5000 to 8000
injection water; seawater
985 O rings 1995 Natural gas -56 to +90 -69 to +194 28.3 4100
101 Teesele 1997 MEG + amines; crude/sour crude +90 to +130 +194 to +266 127.6 18,500
985 O rings 1997 Natural gas -46 to +90 -51 to +194 28.3 4100
985 Springsele 1998 Various gas mixtures -20 to +120 -4 to +248 69 10,000
985 Springsele 1998 Natural gas -46 to +90 -51 to +194 28.3 4100
985 Teesele 1999 Produced gas; amines; crude/sour crude -40 to +140 -40 to +284 21 3045
101 O rings 2000 Injection fluids; natural gas (sweet & sour) 0 to +55 +32 to +131 28 4060
101 Springsele 2002 Diesel; injected xylene; methanol -18 to +121 0 to +250 69 10,000
Produced gas; crude oil; injection fluids

985 Springsele 2003 -29 to +121 -20 to +250 69 10,000
(Fully validated to API 6A PR2)
Custom rotary Drilling muds; crude/sour crude;

280 2004 +4 to +120 +39 to +248 1.4 200
lip seal lubricating grease
To order or get further details, call your local contact11

shown on rear cover or listed at www.jameswalker.biz 11
Overview of elastomers In excess of 20 classes of compounding Hydrogenated nitrile, HNBR

ingredients exist. These range from (Elast-O-Lion)
There are currently five generic elastomer reinforcing fillers, curatives, accelerators, Hydrogenated nitrile is derived from
types in significant use in the oil and gas protectants, coupling agents and fire conventional nitrile. It is produced
industry: retardants, through to extenders and by a process that hydrogenates the
Nitrile, NBR, process aids enabling almost an infinite unsaturation (carbon double bonds) in the
Hydrogenated nitrile, HNBR variety of grades to be compounded. butadiene unit of the polymer.
(Elast-O-Lion),
End users must satisfy themselves that their These materials have the excellent oil/fuel
Fluoroelastomer, FKM (including
seal suppliers operate a no-compromise resistance of NBR elastomers combined
our Chem-O-Lion, based on Viton
policy with regard to compounding, using with superior mechanical properties,
Extreme),
only the highest quality raw ingredients, improved chemical resistance, better
Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene
purchased from reputable suppliers to weatherability, better thermal capability
dipolymers, FEPM (eg, Aflas),
rigorous specifications, and then judiciously and outstanding abrasion resistance.
Perfluoroelastomer, FFKM (eg, Kalrez).
compounded to give optimum properties.
It is easy to dilute expensive specialised
These are selected for fluid seal applications Hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR)
materials with cheaper ingredients to lower
according to their physical and chemical
the cost of a final elastomer compound, or
characteristics, such as temperature
to add large quantities of process aids that
capability and media resistance.
ease production. These policies often lead
to impaired performance.
We describe them in this section at a
generic level. However, it is important to Nitrile, NBR
recognise that a crude polymer can only Nitrile rubber is the most widely used Advantages: Good oil/fuel and chemical
be made into an engineering elastomer oilfield elastomer. It provides good, resistance; good weathering resistance, excellent
mechanical properties inc. TS, tear, modulus,
through the addition of a multitude of general purpose, oil resistant materials E@B and abrasion; wide temperature range; can
compounding chemicals. It is the nature that are much less expensive than more be compounded for excellent RGD resistance.
and combination of these chemicals that complex high-performance elastomers. Limitations: Limited resistance to aromatics.
ultimately defines the characteristics of an Nitrile grades are manufactured by the Typical temperature range: 40C to +160C, or
elastomer. emulsion copolymerisation of butadiene
+180C in oil (40F to +320F, or +356F in oil).
Lower minimum temperatures can be achieved.
and acrylonitrile. Notes: Special grades can be sulphur cured for
Compounding dynamic applications but Tmax falls.
The science of compounding is regarded Commercially available grades of nitrile
by many as a black art with technologists polymer there are over 200 differ from
worldwide striving to perpetuate this one another in three respects: acrylonitrile Fluoroelastomer, FKM
mysticism. Although many manufacturers content, polymerisation temperature and Fluoroelastomers offer excellent
base their compounds and seals on Mooney viscosity. The acrylonitrile content resistance to oils, fuels, mineral and
the same polymer, they may perform has by far the most profound effect on synthetic lubricants, aliphatic and aromatic
in significantly different ways in some the properties of a vulcanised nitrile hydrocarbons, many mineral acids and a
cases as disparate as short-term failure rubber, influencing such characteristics vast range of other fluids.
against long-term capability. as oil resistance and low temperature
flexibility. Thermal and chemical resistance are
functions of fluorine level and cure system
(although imprudent compounding can
Nitrile (NBR) make the best elastomers mediocre). There
are three basic families of fluoroelastomer:
Dipolymer; containing two components.
Terpolymer; with three components.
Tetrapolymer; with four components.
Fluorine content varies from 65 per cent

in dipolymers to over 70 per cent in some
Advantages: Good aliphatic hydrocarbon oil/fuel tetrapolymers.
resistance; resilience.
Limitations: Limited weathering resistance;
modest temperature resistance. There is also a special grade based on
Typical temperature range: 30C to +120C Viton Extreme. This adds excellent
(22F to +250F). resistance to highly caustic solutions
Notes: Mainly for general purpose seals. LT and amines to the already wide chemical
Seals manufactured with high grades down to 50C (58F).
performance elastomers compatibilities of fluoroelastomer.
Fluoroelastomer (FKM)
Perfluoroelastomers, FFKM High-performance composites
(eg, Kalrez)
e.g. Viton, DyneonTM, Tecnoflon
These are best known as Kalrez, although Our intimate knowledge of materials
other grades do exist. The compounds science enables us to design engineered
contain fully fluorinated polymer chains solutions to fluid sealing problems using
and hence offer the ultimate performance a diverse range of elastomer-based
of elastomers when considering heat and composites.
chemical resistance.
Advantages: Excellent ozone/weathering
resistance; good heat resistance. Elastomer/fabrics
Limitations: Limited resistance to steam, hot
Some grades are suitable for continuous Elastomer-proofed fabrics offer the ideal
water, and other polar fluids. use at 327C (620F) with chemical solution where high-strength flexible
Typical temperature range: 20C to +230C resistance being almost universal. products are needed typically to resist
(4F to +446F). Lower minimum temperatures However, the moderate mechanical extrusion. The proofed cloth is plied
can be achieved.
properties of these materials deteriorate together and moulded to the required
Notes: Properties vary significantly with type.
LT grades work down to 30C (22F). rapidly at elevated temperatures. profile.
Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene Our high performance materials are based

Perfluoroelastomer (FFKM)
dipolymers, FEPM (eg, Aflas) on the following elastomers:
These are usually recognised by the trade Fluorocarbon terpolymer.
name Aflas, and have base dipolymers that Fluorocarbon tetrapolymers, for
differ in viscosity and molecular weight. enhanced fluid resistance.
Hydrogenated nitriles
FEPM compounds have resistance to oils, (eg, Elast-O-Lion).
lubricants and some fuels approaching
that of fluoroelastomer dipolymers. In Fabrics include: cotton, glass, nylon,
addition, they exhibit excellent resistance Advantages: Ultimate in terms of heat and polyester and aramids (eg, Nomex or
to steam, amines, hydrogen sulphide and chemical resistance. Kevlar). These are selected for their
bases. Fluorine content is around 56 per Limitations: Modest mechanical properties mechanical strength and operating
especially at elevated temperatures; very
cent, which may appear a retrograde step expensive. temperatures.
in fluoroelastomer development. However, Typical temperature range: Grades available for
synergy between the monomer units has ranges from 25C ( 13F) to +327C (+620F).
(+620F) Elastomer/engineering plastics
resulted in a very useful, if specialised It can be beneficial to combine elastomers
material. with high-performance engineering
plastics such as nylon, PTFE, PEEKTM or
The compounds can operate continuously PEP to enhance the chemical resistance,
at 260C (500F) in steam and up to 200C extrusion resistance or frictional properties
(392F) in other media however, they of a sealing product. We achieve this by
stiffen rapidly below 5C (41F). They also coating/sleeving an elastomer item, or by
exhibit the best radiation resistance of all including specially designed plastics parts
elastomers. in a seal assembly.
FEPM (eg. Aflas) Elastomer/metal

For many high-performance sealing
applications it is necessary for an
elastomer to be bonded to a metal
component. We bond all standard
elastomers, and virtually every high-
performance grade, to a variety of metal
Advantages: Excellent ozone/weathering substrates achieving intimate bonds of
resistance; good heat resistance; excellent very high strength.
resistance to steam and radiation; good overall
chemical resistance.
Limitations: High Tg; some grades difficult
to process.
Typical temperature range: +260C (+500F)
in steam; other media +5C to +200C (+41F to
+392F).
Notes: Poor extrusion resistance especially at
high temperatures.

Oilfield media compatibility few ppm is sufficient to cause degradation.

FKM should only be used at temperatures
Oilfield media general guide below 60C (140F). HNBR and FEPM are
more resistant to amine type inhibitors.
Aliphatic hydrocarbons: cause low to
medium swell of nitrile and hydrogenated
Drilling mud: many types exist based
nitrile elastomers depending on
on diesel oils, mineral oils, esters or
acrylonitrile content and formulation.
silicates. Ester-based versions need
There is no chemical effect and any
special consideration and advice should
swell in these elastomers is reversible.
be sought. For other types, HNBR usually
Fluoroelastomers exhibit low swell.
provides an effective seal material,
particularly as these media are used in
Amines: see corrosion inhibitors.
very abrasive conditions.
Aromatic hydrocarbons: those
Glycols: generally have little effect on
containing C6 rings such as benzene,
elastomers. They are used as control
toluene and xylene cause high volume
fluids, dehydrators or carriers for injected
swell (with attendant property loss) in NBR
chemicals.
and HNBR. They have little effect on FKM.
Injected fluids can contain aromatics as a State-of-the-art visual extensiometer
Hydraulic fluids: may be mineral oil based, for tensile testing elastomers
carrier medium, thereby necessitating the
water/oil emulsions or fire resistant. All
use of FKM in certain valves and injection
elastomer types described are resistant to Scale inhibitors: rarely present a problem.
lines.
oil type hydraulic fluids. Emulsions require
more care as they may contain corrosion Solvents: used as carriers for various
Biocides: tend to cause few problems
inhibitors while fire resistant types such as oilfield chemicals such as corrosion
at the concentrations typically used,
phosphate esters require FKM. inhibitors, dewaxers, etc. Aromatics, such
although special materials may be
as toluene and xylene, cause high swell
required in injection valves seeing
Hydrogen sulphide, H2S: present in in NBR, HNBR and FEPM but have little
concentrated chemicals.
quantities from a few ppm to many per-cent. effect on FKM. Ketones such as MEK
Effects are very temperature dependent. and acetone are incompatible at high
Brines: low density types such as sodium,
NBR can be used for concentrations below concentrations, when contact with most
potassium and calcium chlorides, give few
10ppm, FKM in general below 2000ppm elastomers should be avoided.
problems at lower temperatures, but may
and HNBR below 50,000ppm (5 per cent).
cause certain compounds to hydrolyse at
FEPM should be used when concentrations Steam: can cause NBR, HNBR and FKM
temperatures above 100C (212F). High
are between 5 and 35 per cent. to hydrolyse. Use FEPM if prolonged
density types especially calcium, sodium
contact is required.
and zinc bromides cause degradation
Mercaptans: sulphur-containing
of NBR and HNBR. In such cases FKM
compounds that have similar effects to Strong acids: hydrochloric, acetic and
should be used at temperatures below
hydrogen sulphide. Similar precautions formic acids are all used during acidising
100C (212F), and FEPM above that
should be applied. and fracturing operations. NBR and
temperature. FKM should not be used in
HNBR are rarely suitable. FKM can be
alkaline brines where HNBR and FEPM
Methanol: used in gas flowline equipment used in strong acids except those that are
are the preferred choices.
to remove hydrate formations. Pure carboxylic in nature.
methanol can cause excessive volume swell
Carbon dioxide: can cause large property
in FKM; however, small concentrations of Wax dissolvers: only a problem when
changes in FKM at concentrations above
water negate this effect. Methanol rarely carrier nature is not considered.
10 per cent. Special RGD resistant
causes problems at oilfield concentrations
compounds such as FR58/90 and Elast-
unless being slugged for prolonged
O-Lion 101 are used, depending on CO2
periods, or when pure grade is used.
levels.
Corrosion inhibitors: fall into several

classes and are used to prevent corrosion
of piping, casing and associated
equipment. They are usually base
(alkaline) media such as amines. Their
effects are very temperature dependent,
but not dependent on concentration as a
Temperature and pressure factors

High temperature: generally recommend
NBR < HNBR < FKM < FEPM < FFKM.
Low temperature: materials are selected

according to Tg (see page 22).
Temperature cycling: NBR and HNBR

cater well for temperature cycling. FKM is
less good, and FEPM should be used only
with extreme caution.
Pressure: at higher pressure it is generally

advisable to use higher-hardness materials
to prevent extrusion. Moreover, seal designs
incorporating anti-extrusion elements
All elastomers are tested inhouse Laboratory scale rubber mixing
may be required. It should be noted that to ensure top quality for quality control
materials soften significantly at elevated
temperatures especially fluorinated types.
High pressure gas: use only validated

rapid gas decompression (RGD) resistant
grades.
Assessing cure characteristics of mixed High-performance elastomers are tensile

compounds by rheometer tested with state-of-the-art equipment
Tensile testing in environmental chamber Pressure testing seals at low temperature in

1m3 (35ft3) environmental chamber

Oilfield media compatibility
Key 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = poor, C = consult

Aflas Fluorocarbon types FKM & FFKM Hydrogenated nitriles Nitrile
FR10/80 &
Lion 280LF
Spectrum 7090
James Walker grade
FR58/90* FKM B-type
Lion 101
Lion 280
Lion 985
Chem-O-
LR5853*
LR6316*
FR10/95
FR25/90
AF69/90
AF85/90
Elast-O-
Elast-O-
Elast-O-
Kalrez
Elast-O-
PB 80
Lion
(Note: alternative materials are available)
GFLT-type
GLT-type
(perfluoro-
elastomer)
Special
A-type
F-type
HNBR
HNBR
HNBR
HNBR
FEPM
FEPM
FFKM
FKM
FKM
FKM
FKM
NBR
Material type
Weak mineral 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2
Strong mineral 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Acids
Weak carboxylic 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Strong carboxylic 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Alcohols except methanol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aliphatic hydrocarbons 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Aromatic hydrocarbons 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C C C C 3
LD Ca/Na chloride 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
HD Na/Ca bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
Brines
HD Zn bromide 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Alkaline Na OH/KOH 1 1 3 3 3 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
Dilute 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Biocides
Concentrated 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Carbon dioxide 2 2 3 2 2 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1
Corrosion Amine based 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

inhibitors Potassium carbonate 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Crude oil, sweet 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
<2000 ppm H 2S 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
Crude oil, sour 2000 ppm to 5% H2S 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 3
5% to 40% H2S 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
Diesel based 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
Ester based 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 3 3 3 3 3
Drilling mud
Mineral oil based 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Silicate based 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
Sweet gas 1 2 3 1 1 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 1 3
Rapid Gas
Sour gas 1 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 2 3
Decompression
High CO2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 3 3 1 3
Fire fighting media 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Glycols 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Hydrogen Wet 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
sulphide Dry 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
Oilfield media compatibility
Key 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = poor, C = consult

Aflas Fluorocarbon types FKM & FFKM Hydrogenated nitriles Nitrile
FR10/80 &
Lion 280LF
Spectrum 7090
James Walker grade
FR58/90*
Lion 101
Lion 280
Lion 985
Chem-O-
LR5853*
LR6316*
FR10/95
FR25/90
AF69/90
AF85/90
Elast-O-
Elast-O-
Elast-O-
Kalrez
Elast-O-
PB 80
Lion
(Note: alternative materials are available)
Phosphate ester (HFD) 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3

Hydraulic Oil/water (HFA) 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
fluids Water/glycol (HFC) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mineral oil based 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Mercaptans 1 1 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
Methane 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
100% 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Methanol With water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
With hydrocarbons 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 C C C C C
Mineral lubricants 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Synthetic lubricants 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Salt water 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Toluene 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Solvents Acetone 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
MEK 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 3 3 3
Steam 1 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
<5% and <40C / 104F 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
Scale
inhibitors/ >5<10% and <40C / 104F 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3
dissolvers
>10% and/or >40C / 104F 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 3
Wax dissolvers 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
General 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Water Produced 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Treated 1 1 3 2 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
Mechanical strength 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Friction 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3
Abrasion resistance 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
Flex resistance 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2
Maximum, C 205 200 200 200 210 230 205 325 205 160 150 150 150 110
Temperature Minimum, C 5 5 18 41 27 0 29 5 10 29 10 10 55 25
capability Maximum, F 400 392 392 392 410 446 400 617 400 320 302 302 302 230
Minimum, F 41 41 0 42 17 32 20 41 14 20 14 14 67 13
All temperatures quoted relate to performance in air. Low temperature limits are quoted at standard atmospheric pressure.
* These fluorocarbon compounds are based on Viton polymers from DuPont Performance Elastomers.
WARNING: Please note that, due to the complexity of making a material selection for any given duty, all information provided in this document
on chemical compatibility is intended only as a guide. For example, a compound compatible at low temperatures may show considerable deterioration
at high temperatures; also, combinations of chemicals in a fluid medium may have detrimental effects. If any doubt exists, please seek advice from
James Walker.

Basic elastomer technology elevated temperature: for example, at phenomena are determined primarily
100C (212F) some elastomers retain by the visco-elastic nature of elastomers
overview of terms only 10 per cent of their room temperature and by the chemical reactions that occur
Elastomers are arguably the most versatile strength. between the material and the environment.
of engineering materials.
Elongation at break Compression set is widely used for
They behave very differently from plastics Refers to the elongation (percentage assessing recovery. Standard methods
and metals, particularly in the way they strain) measured at the point of rupture. require a compressed sample to be
deform and recover under load. Unlike A high value is important if substantial exposed for a fixed time, at a fixed
plastics and metals, elastomers can stretching is required during fitting, also temperature, and then allowed to
undergo high tensile and compressive in applications where seals are energised recover (generally for 30 minutes) at
strains and return virtually to their original across relatively large gaps. room temperature. Compression set
shape. This makes them particularly useful is expressed as the percentage of the
in sealing applications where there is the Modulus original deformation not recovered after
need to stretch fit sealing elements or for In elastomer terminology this is defined this recovery period 0 per cent indicating
them to undergo high strains during use. as the stress at a particular strain or full recovery; 100 per cent indicating no
elongation (whereas in metals it is the recovery.
The test methods and terminology used ratio of stress and strain as this is a linear
to characterise an elastomers physical relationship). Modulus tends to increase As many types of elastomer recover more
properties also differ from metals. Here with hardness, with higher modulus quickly at elevated temperatures, the test
we provide an overview of terms and materials, in the main, being more is used primarily as a quality control tool
methods, particularly those relevant to oil resistant to deformation and extrusion high compression set is not conducive to
and gas sealing applications. see figure below. long term sealability. Compression set is
highest at the extremes of an elastomers
Hardness operating capability; at high temperatures
The hardness of an elastomer is measured because of chemical degradation, and
using an indentor that is pushed into the at low temperatures because of physical
Slope =
sample with a known force. The scale that Youngs Modulus stiffening and freezing.
Stress,
al
measures hardness is calibrated to 100 (psi, MPa)

Met
er The direct measurement of stress

if no penetration occurs eg, on a glass stom
Ela relaxation is more difficult, requiring
surface. Modulus = stress
at any given strain expensive equipment and complex
Two scales are in common use: techniques: as such, it is not a frequently
International Rubber Hardness Degrees
Strain, (ratio or %) used test for elastomers.
(IRHD) and Shore A. These scales are
equivalent, except at high hardness (>95) Tensile, elongation, modulus Fluid compatibility including solubility
and low hardness (<40). Harder materials parameter
Fluids affect elastomers in two ways:
tend to resist flow more effectively, are Figure 1 Volume expansion vs. temperature
Tear strengthfor various Elast-O-Lions Physical interaction, such as swelling.
more resistant to extrusion, and generally
As the name (reference suggests, volume this
of is1 at a 73F/23C)
measure of Chemical interaction.
have lower coefficients of friction than
the1.04
resistance of a material to tearing. Low
softer ones. Soft elastomers conform
tear1.02
strength indicates that the elastomer Physical interaction
more easily and so give a faster sealing
Volume, relative
will be1 vulnerable to nicks and cracks

response. The effects of the physical interaction
which
0.98 could propagate catastrophically.
of fluids (and elastomers are fluids) are
High0.96tear strength is important when seals normally observed as the swelling of an
Tensile strength
make0.94 contact with sharp edges during elastomer through fluid absorption from its
This is a measure of the stress required
assembly.
0.92 It is also a requirement of rapid environment. This is generally reversible.
to rupture a standard test piece. Tensile 20015010050 0 50100
gas decompression (RGD) resistant The magnitude of the effect depends on
strength is a useful quality control tool Temperature, C
materials. the environmental fluid, the elastomer
to monitor inter-batch consistency. It 101 201 985
does not however give any indication of and the temperature, and reflects the
Compression set and stress relaxation readiness with which the elastomer and
extrusion resistance.
In any seal, at a constant temperature, a its surroundings mix ie, the relative
mechanically loaded elastomer will exhibit magnitudes of the solubility parameters of
Temperature has a marked effect on
time dependent relaxation. If the seal is the two components.
the strength properties of elastomers
subsequently unloaded, the elastomer will
whether tensile, tear or compressive.
recover towards Figure its 2 original
L.T. Torsion shape modulus
to an Solubility parameter () is a
Room temperature testing rarely gives
extent 600defined by chemical and physical thermodynamic property related to the
an accurate indication of the strength at
degradation.
500 Such relaxation and recovery energy of attraction between molecules.
ion modulus, MPa
FR58/90
400
300
200
Thus if a fluid has a solubility parameter degradation is often highly dependent on of cutting power and clogging of the
close to that of an elastomer then exposure temperature, in terms of both abrasive media with detritus.
attraction (and mixing potential) will be the reaction initiating in the first place, Pico Machine (ASTM D2228) which
high, and high volume swell will result. and then the rate at which the reaction abrades by means of knives of
The level of volume swell will decrease proceeds. controlled geometry and sharpness.
as the difference in solubility parameters
increases between an elastomer and its Laboratory tests may not provide a It is sometimes wrongly believed that
environment. Fluid viscosity also has a true indication of reaction potential or tensile strength is related to abrasion
significant effect. elastomer compatibility, particularly if resistance, and while a high tensile
performed at reduced temperatures or strength compound can have good
Solubility parameter is defined as: exposure times. A list of the degradative abrasion resistance the converse can also
= (cohesive energy density) species most commonly encountered in be true. Abrasion resistance is related
the oil and gas industry, and a summary more to polymer type and the nature/level
which is a function of H, a hydrogen of their reasons for use, is given on pages of compounding ingredient used. High
bonding parameter; D, a dispersion 14-15. modulus and high tear strength can be
force parameter, and P, a dipole moment better correlated to abrasion resistance
parameter. The interaction of complex It is not practical in this document to detail but the relationships are not definitive.
fluids can be predicted by: the underlying chemical mechanisms
and formulae of degradation. However, Air ageing
= VA A + VB B + VC C ....... recognition of problematic chemicals Exposure to forced air or oxygen-rich
will enable the selecting or specifying environments at elevated temperatures
where VA, VB, and VC are the volume authority to seek advice from its local can cause gradual loss of mechanical
fractions of fluid constituents A, B and C, James Walker company. properties. Many of these changes occur
and A, B and C their individual solubility at a molecular level and are irreversible.
parameters. Abrasion resistance They include chain and/or crosslink
Abrasion damage can occur when scission, crosslink formation and crosslink
The effect of high volume swell is to there is dynamic motion against an translocation.
degrade physical properties (such abrasive counterface, or when the sealed
as tensile strength, modulus and tear environment is intrinsically abrasive and Wear
strength) and to reduce the elastomers either passes across or impinges upon the Wear is a common form of failure in
hardness. These actions can give rise to seal. dynamic applications, although it can
seal damage due to extrusion between occur in static applications if pressure
metal parts, amongst other things. In Standard abrasion tests depend on cycling causes the seal to move around
general, volume swells greater than 20 per producing relative motion between a in the groove. Wear is dependent on
cent have a negative effect whilst lower rubber sample and an abrasive surface, such factors as surface finish, lubrication,
levels of swell can benefit by increasing or pressed together by a predetermined temperature and media. A fuller
maintaining sealing contact stress. force. Unfortunately, such tests do not description is given on pages 66-67,
correlate particularly well with application including Schallamach effects.
Occasionally elastomer shrinkage is experience or with each other! Machines
observed, which occurs as a result in national standards include:
of constituents within the elastomer Akron Machine (BS ISO 4649), where
such as process aids, plasticisers and a rubber disc is rotated so as to drive,
protective systems being leached out. by its edge, an abrasive wheel; the two
This is rare but can cause loss of seal being pressed together by a constant
interference, increase of hardness, system force. The abrasive action is produced
contamination, and a reduction in the by tilting the plane of the disc relative to
ageing characteristics of the material. the wheel.
National Bureau of Standards
Chemical interaction Machine (ASTM D1630), where
Many chemical species cause a rubber test block is pressed, by
degradation to elastomeric compounds, constant force, against a rotating
either by attacking the polymer or some of cylinder.
its compounding ingredients. Degradation Conti Machine (DIN IS0 4649) which
caused (for example) by water and is similar to the one above, but the test
amines is irreversible. It is often seen as block is traversed slowly along the
seal hardening or softening, increased length of the cylinder so as not to pass
compression set, cracking, and in the repeatedly over the same abrasive
most extreme cases, dissolution. Such surface. This procedure avoids loss

Rapid gas decompression Rapid gas decompression test can usually be predicted by performing
procedures conventional immersion tests.
Rapid gas decompression (RGD) damage Before deciding on a test procedure, the
is structural failure in the form of blistering, following should be considered: High pressure testing is frequently
internal cracking and splits caused when Type of seal, housing, constraint and performed at room temperature. Tg shifts
the gas pressure, to which the seal is level of constraint. at these pressures need to be accounted
exposed, is rapidly reduced from high Environmental conditions including for see section on Low temperature
to low. media, temperature and pressure. behaviour (page 22).
Pressure and temperature cycling.
Note: Rapid gas decompression Pressure and temperature cycling
(RGD) is now the preferred term for the Type of seal housing and constraint A reduction in seal interference can cause
phenomenon originally known as explosive Constraints afforded by the boundary problems in applications where thermal
decompression (ED). conditions of seal grooves and housings cycling is extreme. When continually
(including the use of stiffer back-up exposed to high temperature within a
The elastomeric components of a rings) assist resistance to rapid gas housing, elastomer seals will take on
system are, to a greater or lesser extent, decompression. a cross-sectional form dictated by the
susceptible to the permeation and housing constraint.
diffusion of gases dissolving in their For validating sealing systems, rapid
surface. With time, these components will gas decompression tests should be This will not affect the seal integrity
become saturated with whatever gases performed on seals in realistic, service- providing the temperature remains
are in the system. simulation housings. Even here, after rapid reasonably stable. During thermal cycling,
depressurisation, premature removal of the if the temperature drop is large and/or
Under these conditions, as long as the seal from the housing can result in further the lower temperature approaches the
internal gas pressure of the elastomer damage so that observed fractures may limit of full flexibility of the elastomer,
remains at equilibrium with the ambient be worse than in actual service conditions this deformation may be frozen-in, thus
pressure, there is minimal damage (if any) where the seal remains housed. causing bypass leakage however, this is
and no deterioration in performance of the generally reversible.
elastomeric component occurs unless Standard bomb testing of unconstrained
caused by other factors such as chemical samples is wholly unrepresentative James Walker rapid gas decompression
or thermal degradation or by extrusion of normal operating conditions. test procedures
damage. Unconstrained testing should only be Validation testing requires careful
used for validation purposes where the consideration if the data generated are
However, when the external gas pressure application requires unconstrained seals to be used as an effective means of
is removed or pressure fluctuations occur, such as shear blade BOPs. predicting a material or seal performance
large pressure gradients are created or service life. Incorrect procedures can
between the interior and the surface of the Seals used in any test procedure should give rise to false comparisons of materials
elastomeric component. This pressure be as representative as possible in terms and lead to erroneous material and seal
differential may be balanced by the gas of their cross-section and surface-to- selection being made for an application.
simply diffusing/permeating out of the volume ratio. RGD performance is highly
elastomer, especially if any external dependent on the cross section of a seal. The general procedure developed at
constraints are not removed. But, if the James Walker is as follows (using the test
physical properties of the elastomeric Environmental conditions fixture shown in the photograph opposite):
compound cannot resist crack and blister It is recommended that validation testing
growth during the permeation process, then be performed under conditions that, Temperature: 100C (212F)
structural failure is the inevitable result. as near as possible, replicate those Pressure: 13.8MPa (2000psi)
of the application. Although it is not Media: CH4 (CO2, N2 or mixtures)
While a number of industry standards and always possible to achieve this exactly, Seal size: SAEAS 568-329 (or other)
test methods exist for evaluating rapid gas representative conditions should be used Groove fill: 83% (nominal)
decompression resistance, most are flawed wherever possible. Compression: 14% (nominal)
or give an incomplete assessment that can
preclude the use of suitable material/seal It is important to be aware that there is i) Heat rig to test temperature.
combinations for a given application. a lack of correlation between testing ii) Apply test pressure.
in CO2 and hydrocarbon media, due iii) Soak seals at temperature and
to differences in permeability and/ pressure for minimum of 72 hours.
or solubility. Often it is unnecessary iv) Decompress instantaneously.
to include additives such as methanol v) Repressurise; soak at temperature
or corrosion inhibitors in rapid gas and pressure for 1.5 hours.
decompression test media, as their effect vi) Decompress instantaneously.
James Walker's eight-flange rapid gas decompression test rigs
vii) Repeat steps iv) and v) 18 further times 4 = More than eight cracks; or one or
with a minimum of 1 hour soaking (ie, more cracks longer than 80% of the
20 decompressions in total) over a cross section.
four day period, monitoring pressure/ 5 = One or more cracks through
leakage throughout. the cross section, or complete
viii) After final cycle purge with nitrogen separation of the seal into fragments.
to evacuate remaining gas mixture.
ix) Soak seals at test temperature in Why does rapid gas decompression
nitrogen for 24 hours. cause a temperature drop?
Processes such as RGD that happen
Assessment very rapidly with no heat/energy input are
Pressure/leakage is monitored largely adiabatic in nature. As such, we
continuously throughout testing (via believe that any associated temperature
pressure gauges and OVA/sonic leak drop for this situation can be explained by
detection). Each of the eight seals tested using the first law of thermodynamics:
is visually examined externally and,
additionally, cut into four sections where Q = U + W
the following criteria are applied:
Q = Heat/energy supplied to a gas.
0 = No internal cracks, holes or blisters U = Resultant rise in the internal energy
of any size. of the gas.
1 = Less than four internal cracks; each W = Amount of external work that the
shorter than 50% of cross section, gas can do.
with a total crack length less than
the cross section. As this is essentially an adiabatic process,
2 = Less than six internal cracks; each Q = 0, so 0 = U + W
shorter than 50% of the cross
section, with a total crack length of Therefore, if the gas does work on the
less than 2.5 times the cross section. environment there is a decrease in internal
3 = Less than nine internal cracks, of energy (U), which becomes apparent as a
which a maximum of two cracks temperature drop. The magnitude of this
can have a length between 50% temperature drop is very difficult to predict
and 80% of the cross section. in real situations however, temperatures
can fall by many tens of degrees when
decompressing from high pressures.

Low temperature behaviour There is, however, a pressure threshold

where the intermolecular forces resist the
When elastomers are cooled to tendency to a free volume reduction. (This
sufficiently low temperatures they exhibit will not be quantified here, and the rule-
the characteristics of glass, including of-thumb is assumed to hold true for all
hardness, stiffness and brittleness. In this pressures.)
state they do not behave in the readily
deformable manner usually associated Figure 1: Comparative torsion modulus curves for four of James Walkers RGD-resistant
with elastomers and, as such, are of little elastomers
use as sealing materials. As temperatures
TORSION MODULUS MPa
are raised, the segments of the polymer
800
chain gain sufficient energy to rotate and
vibrate. At high enough temperatures full
segmental rotation is possible and the 700
material behaves in the characteristic Elast-O-Lion 985

Elast-O-Lion 101
rubbery way. 600
FR25/90
FR58/90
For the purposes of this document the
TORSION MODULUS MPa
500
glass transition temperature (Tg) will
be considered to be that temperature
400
where full segmental movement becomes
restricted ie, the onset of stiffening.
This is also the temperature at which the 300
coefficient of thermal expansion starts to

change. 200
Tg is often more practically measured 100

by monitoring torsion modulus or
temperature retraction, with decreasing 0
temperatures Figures 1 and 2 show 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
curves for some of our materials. TEMPERATURE oC
Above Tg, the motion of chain segments, Figure 1. Comparative temperature retraction curves for four of James Walkers RGD-resistant elastomers.
characteristic of the rubbery state, Figure 2: Comparative temperature retraction curves for four of James Walkers RGD-resistant
requires more free volume than the atomic elastomers
vibrations in the glassy state. (It should be
LOW TEMPERATURE RETRACTION
noted that an intermediate leathery phase
exists where free volume reduces and the 100
elastomer exhibits increasingly sluggish
behaviour as brittleness is approached.) 90
Elast-O-Lion 985
Elast-O-Lion 101
According to conventional theory the free 80
FR25/90
volume of an elastomer is constant at any FR58/90
70
particular temperature. This is why rubber
is generally considered incompressible 60
RETRACTION %
ie, the volume of a piece of rubber will

not change regardless of any deforming 50
force, although the shape will alter.
40
It is here that the conventional theory

30
breaks down when considering high
applied pressures, because the free
20
volume can be reduced. This manifests
itself as a Tg shift which, as a rule of 10
thumb, is of the order of 1C/1.8F for
every 5.2MPa/750psi of applied pressure. 0
-60 -55 -50 -45 -40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
TEMPERATURE C
Low temperature testing Four of our leading RGD compounds Using this testing capability, it is possible
have been evaluated using TR2076 to simulate accurately the required
Torsion modulus with the following results: sealing parameters, and thus optimise
The Gehman test is used to measure the seal performance to meet customers
torsion modulus by twisting a strip test piece Material Minimum usable specific applications.
at room temperature and several reduced temperature
temperatures to give a temperature FR58/90 -27C (-16.6F) For details of these test regimes, please
modulus curve. The result is often quoted FR25/90 -41C (-41.8F) contact our Oil and Gas Team at the
as the temperature at which the modulus is Elast-O-Lion 101 -29C (-20.2F) address shown on rear cover.
two, five, ten or 50 times the value at room Elast-O-Lion 985 -55C (-67.0F)
temperature.
However, BS903 Pt A13 refers to the

temperature at which the modulus increases
to a predetermined value, normally 70MPa, Industry test methods for elastomers*
which corresponds to the loss of technically
useful flexibility. This is partly because Standard
measurements of the very low modulus at Test
room temperature have proved unreliable.
ATSM ISO BS DIN
Temperature retraction Abrasion D2228 4649 ISO 4649

This test is carried out by elongating a test
specimen and freezing it in the elongated
position. The specimen is then allowed Air ageing D573 188 ISO 188 53508
to retract freely while the temperature
is slowly raised at a uniform rate. The 815-1 ISO 815-1
Compression Set D395 ISO 815
percentage retraction can be calculated at 815-2 ISO 815-2
any temperature from the data obtained.
Density 2781 ISO 2781 EN ISO 1183-1
In practice the temperature corresponding
to 30 per cent retraction (TR30) roughly Elongation D412 37 ISO 37 53504
correlates to the limit of usable flexibility.
Fluid ageing D471 1817 ISO 1817

James Walker test regime TR2076
Our experience with BS903 Pt A13
Hardness, IRHD D1415 48 ISO 48
shows that the results obtained present
an indication of torsion modulus rather
than an accurate representation of seal LT modulus D1053 1432 903-A13 53548
behaviour at low temperatures.
As part of our ongoing investment in Modulus D412 37 ISO 37 53504

sealing technology, and to advance
further our understanding of the subject, Stress relaxation D1646 3384 ISO 3384
we have developed alternative test
regimes to assess low temperature 34-1 ISO 34-1
functionality. Tear strength D624
34-2 ISO 34-2
*Note: BS, ISO and DIN standards are undergoing a long process of integration and
These protocols are based on product- Temp retraction D1329 2921 ISO 2921 53545
standard numbers are therefore liable to change.
configured testing. As such, they replicate
more accurately the service conditions Tensile
found in the field by taking account of seal strength D412 37 ISO 37 53504
shape and sealing surface interaction, as
well as material behaviour. *Note: BS, ISO and DIN standards are undergoing a long process of integration
and standards are therefore liable to change.

Material data sheets

ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 142 03/01 M-710
AF69/90
Material data sheet Compound number 804 Revision: 5
Polymer type: FEPM 02/03/2009
General description: AF69/90 is an Aflas based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It has good rapid
gas decompression properties making it ideal for high pressure gas applications.
Chemical compatibility: AF69/90 has resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomer dipolymers. In
addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.
Temperature capability: +5C (at atmospheric pressure) to +205C (+41F to +401F).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 88
Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 23 (3336)
Modulus @ 50% elongation MPa (psi) 11 (1595)
Modulus @ 100% elongation MPa (psi) 21.4 (3104)
Elongation at break (E @ B) % 115
Low temperature torsion modulus T70 C (F) +5 (+41)
Compression set: 24 hours @ 175C (347F) % 17
Air ageing: 70 hours @ 250C (482F)

Change in hardness IRHD +2
Change in TS % 11
Change in E @ B % +5
Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 3 (IRM 903), 70 hours @ 150C (302F)

Change in hardness IRHD 13
Change in TS % 30
Change in volume % +14
Fluid immersion testing: Methanol, 70 hours @ 40C (104F)

Change in TS % 18
Change in E @ B % 8
Fluid immersion testing: Water, 70 hours @ 100C (212F)

Change in TS % 18
Change in E @ B % 10
All tests carried out in accordance with the relevant BS/BS ISO methods (see table on page 23).
AF71/80
General description: AF71/80 is an Aflas based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. AF71/80 is a good
O ring grade due to its relatively high resistance to compression set.
Chemical compatibility: AF71/80 exhibits resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomer
dipolymers. In addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 83
Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 C (F) +5 (+41)

Change in TS % 17

Change in TS % 13

Change in TS % +7

Change in TS % 3

AF85/90
General description: AF85/90 is an Aflas based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. AF85/90 is a
general-purpose, extrusion resistant grade.
Chemical compatibility: AF85/90 exhibits resistance to oils, lubricants and some fuels approaching that of fluoroelastomer
dipolymers. In addition it exhibits excellent resistance to steam, amines, bases and hydrogen sulphide.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 91
Low temperature torsion modulus T70 C (F) +5 (+41)

Change in TS % 20

Change in TS % 11

Change in TS % 14

Change in TS % 2
Chem-O-Lion 180
Polymer type: Speciality fluoroelastomer 15/11/2004
General description: Chem-O-Lion 180 is a special compound based on fluorinated polymer, reinforced with carbon black and
peroxide cured. It has excellent chemical resistance.
Temperature capability: -10C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200C (+14F to +392F).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 83
Tensile strength (TS) MPa (psi) 15.2 (2205)

Change in TS % +10
Change in E @ B % 0

Change in TS % 30
Fluid immersion testing: Liquid B, 70 hours @ 40C (104F)

Change in TS % 20

Change in TS % 15
Fluid immersion testing: MTBE, 70 hours @ 24C (75F)

Fluid immersion testing: MEK, 70 hours @ 24C (75F)


JAMES
JAMES
JAMESWALKER
WALKER
WALKER TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL NORSOK
NORSOK
NORSOK SHELL
SHELL
SHELLDODEP
DODEP
DODEP JAMES WALKER TOT
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009 GS
GS
GSPVV
PVV
PVV142
142
14203/01
03/01
03/01 M-710
M-710
M-710 02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02 ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 1
Elast-O-Lion 101

Polymer type: HNBR 02/03/2009
General description: Elast-O-Lion 101 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominally 36% ACN,
reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It has excellent rapid gas decompression resistance, making it ideal for high-pressure
gas applications.
General properties: Elast-O-Lion 101 has the excellent oil/fuel resistance of conventional nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined with
superior mechanical properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstanding abrasion
resistance.
Temperature capability: -29C (at atmospheric pressure) to +160C or +177C intermittent (20F to +320F, or +350F intermittent)
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 89
Low temperature torsion modulus T70 C (F) 25 (13)
Tear resistance kN/m 41

Change in TS % 10
Fluid immersion testing: Oil No 1 (ASTM No 1), 70 hours @ 150C (302F)

Change in TS % 6
Change in E @ B % 4

Change in TS % 6
Fluid immersion testing: Sweet gas [64%C1: 12%C2: 13%C3: 10%N2: 1%CO2], 48 hours @ 80C (176F) and 200bar (2901psi)
Change in TS % +22
Fluid immersion testing: NACE-A, 5% in water, 28 days @ 80C (176F)

Change in TS % 11
Change in E @ B % 0
Elast-O-Lion 180
General description: Elast-O-Lion 180 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominal 36% ACN,
reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.
resistance.
Temperature capability: -25C (at atmospheric pressure) to +150C (13F to +302F).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 80
Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 C (F) 25 (13)

Change in TS % 0

Change in TS % 9

Change in TS % 7

Change in TS % 10

Elast-O-Lion 280
General description: Elast-O-Lion 280 is a hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene-based synthetic rubber with nominal 45% ACN,
resistance.
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 80
Low temperature torsion modulus, T70 C (F) 10 (+14)

Change in TS % +4

Change in TS % 4

Change in TS % 4
Change in E @ B % 1
Elast-O-Lion 380
resistance.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 79
Low temperature torsion modulus,T70 C (F) 5 (23)

Change in TS % 3

Change in TS % +2
Change in E @ B % 3
Change in volume % 1

Change in TS % 15

Change in TS % 2
Change in E @ B % 4


ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 142 03/01 M-710
Elast-O-Lion 985

reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured. It is specially compounded for low temperature capability combined with good rapid
gas decompression resistance.
General properties: Elast-O-Lion 985 has similar oil/fuel resistance to low nitrile (NBR) elastomers, combined with superior mechanical
properties, improved chemical resistance, better weatherability, better thermal capability and outstanding abrasion resistance.
Temperature capability: -55C at (atmospheric pressure) to +150C (67F to +302F).
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 87

Change in TS % +1

Change in TS % 5

Change in TS % +7

Change in TS % 20
FR10/80
Polymer type: FKM 08/12/2005
General description: FR10/80 is a fluorocarbon dipolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and bisphenol cured.
A high quality general-purpose grade, it exhibits low compression set at elevated temperatures.
General properties: FR10/80 has good resistance to aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, aryl phosphate ester fluids, ozone and
atmospheric ageing.
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 81

Change in TS % 9
Change in E @ B % 4
Fluid immersion testing: Fuel C, 70 hours @ 23C (74F)

Change in TS % 11
Fluid immersion testing: Liquid 101, 70 hours @ 200C (392F)

Change in TS % 14

Change in TS % 15
Change in E @ B % 1

JAMES
JAMES
JAMESWALKER
WALKER
WALKER TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL NORSOK
NORSOK
NORSOK SHELL
SHELL
SHELLDODEP
DODEP
DODEP JAMES WALKER TOTAL
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009 GS
GS
GSPVV
PVV
PVV142
142
14203/01
03/01
03/01 M-710
M-710
M-710 02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02 ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PVV 142 03/01
FR25/90
General description FR25/90 is a fluorocarbon tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.
General properties: FR25/90 has excellent rapid gas decompression resistant properties, making it suitable for many high-pressure gas
applications. It also has good low temperature capability.
Temperature capability: 41C (at atmospheric pressure) to +200C (42F to +392F).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 89

Change in TS % 10

Change in TS % 25

Change in TS % +4
Change in E @ B % 3

Change in TS % 37
Change in E @ B % 5
JAMES
JAMES
JAMES WALKER
WALKER
WALKER TOTAL
TOTAL
TOTAL NORSOK
NORSOK
NORSOK SHELL
SHELL
SHELLDODEP
DODEP
DODEP JAMES WALKER T
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009
ARD/20/RGD2009 GS
GS
GSPVV
PVV
PVV142
142
142
03/01
03/01
03/01 M-710
M-710
M-710 02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02
02.01B.03.02 ARD/20/RGD2009 GS PV
FR58/90
General description: FR58/90 is a fluorocarbon terpolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and bisphenol cured.
General properties: FR58/90 has good rapid gas decompression resistant properties, making it suitable for many high-pressure gas
applications.
Temperature capability: -27C (at atmospheric pressure) to +210C (-17F to +410F).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 89

Change in TS % 7

Change in TS % 17

Change in TS % 22

Change in TS % 10
Change in E @ B % 7
Change in TS % +5
Change in E @ B % 0

FR64/80
General description: FR64/80 is a fluorocarbon dipolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and litharge cured.
General properties: FR64/80 is compounded to offer improved performance in water, steam and mineral acid applications.
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 82

Change in TS % 27

Change in TS % 10
Change in volume % +0.5
Fluid immersion testing: Sulphuric acid 98%, 336 hours @ 70C (158F)
Fluid immersion testing: Hydrochloric acid 37%, 336 hours @ 70C (158F)
LR5853/90
General description: LR5853/90 is a FKM tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.
General properties: LR5853/90, with its high fluorine content, has excellent fluid resistance.
Temperature capability: 0C (at atmospheric pressure) to +230C (+32F to +446F).
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 88

Change in TS % 36
Change in E @ B % 7

Change in TS % 20

Change in TS % 25
Change in E @ B % 5

Change in TS % 20

Change in TS % 27
Change in E @ B % +4.5

Change in TS % 20

LR6316/75
General description: LR6316/75 is an FKM tetrapolymer based synthetic rubber, reinforced with carbon black and peroxide cured.
General properties: LR6316/75 is a low temperature grade, compounded for chemical resistance.
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 73

Change in TS % 3
Change in E @ B % 2
Fluid immersion testing: 70:30 ISO-octane/tolunene, 48 hours @ 40C (104F)

Change in TS % 25

Change in TS % 28
NL56/70
Polymer type: NBR 01/08/2005
General description: NL56/70 is an acrylonitrile/butadiene based synthetic rubber with nominally 21% ACN, reinforced with carbon
black and sulphur cured.
General properties: NL56/70 is specially compounded for low temperature flexibility. It is suitable for use in contact with a wide range
of media including mineral oils and water/glycol hydraulic fluids.
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 68

Change in TS % +1
Fluid immersion testing: Fuel A, 70 hours @ 23C (74F)

Change in TS % 13

Change in TS % +2

Change in TS % +5
Change in E @ B % 8

NM86/80LF
Polymer type: NBR 02/08/2005
General description: NM86/80LF is an acrylonitrile/butadiene based synthetic rubber with nominally 36% ACN, reinforced with carbon
black and sulphur cured.
General properties: NM86/80LF is specially compounded to exhibit low friction properties.
TYPICALPROPERTIES
Property Unit Value
Hardness IRHD 79
Modulus at 50% elongation MPa (psi) 3.2 (464)
Modulus at 100% elongation MPa (psi) 6.6 (957)

Change in TS % 1
Fluid immersion testing: Fuel A, 70 hours @ 23C (74F)

Change in TS % 6

Change in TS % 18
Change in E @ B % 3

Change in TS % 6
Product selection
Overview of sealing products & materials

The following three tables outline the different James Walker sealing products and materials that are applicable to different process
environments within the oil and gas industry. These are not intended to be an ultimate reference, as our development programme
constantly introduces innovative materials and products on a regular basis.
Exploration and drilling

Application or
Product requirements Material requirements JW products JW materials
process
Teesele
Extrusion resistance
Chemical capability Springsele
High pressure Elast-O-Lion
Flexibility Custom mouldings
MWDs Low friction Fluoroelastomer
Low permeability O ring
Flexibility Chem-O-Lion
High temperature Solosele G
Fatigue life
Lionsele LF
Abrasion resistance Chemical capability Chevron (Shallex) Elast-O-Lion

Cementing equipment
Multi-lip Abrasion resistance Expanding packing UHMWPE
Chevron (Shallex)
Multi-lip Media resistance
Expanding packing
Abrasion resistance Low friction Elast-O-Lion KC300
Mud pumps Custom v-rings
Adjustable housings Abrasion UHMWPE
Preformed
High pressure resistance
packing sets
Testing and completion

Application or
process
O ring
Teesele Elast-O-Lion
Chemical capability Springsele FEPM (Aflas)
Very high pressures
High temperatures Connector seals PEEKTM
Logging equipment (can be in excess of
(can be in excess of Chevron (Shallex) Fluoroelastomer
1035bar/15,000psi)
200C/392F) Back-up rings Chem-O-Lion
Stem packing Perfluoroelastomer
Custom mouldings
Extrusion resistance Elast-O-Lion

Teesele
Perforating High shock pressure Chemical capability Fluoroelastomer
Springsele
equipment High temperature High temperature FR58/90
Custom mouldings
Compact design PEEKTM
Large movements Chemical capability Nitrile/Elast-O-Lion

Chevron (Shallex)
Abrasion resistance High temperature and (for lower duties)
Liner packers and Expanding packing
Stab-in capability thermal cycling FEPM
hangers Custom designs
High pressure Low friction Perfluoroelastomer
Lofilm PBR
cycling Abrasion resistance Reinforced PTFE

Product selection
Production
Application or
process
Springsele
Chemical capability FS seal
High temperatures Casing and tubing Elast-O-Lion
Long life (can be in excess of hanger packing Chem-O-Lion
Wellhead Robust construction 200C/392F) Metal end cap seals Twilstele
Resilience Long life Tie down screw combination packing
High pressures packing HT proofing
P-seal
API ring joints
Chemical capability Teesele

Elast-O-Lion
Rapid gas Springsele
Extrusion resistance Fluoroelastomer
decompression Custom mouldings
High pressure FR58/90
Chokes and valves resistance O ring + back-up
Low friction FEPM
Low friction Machined
High temperature PEEKTM
High and low components
Devlon V-API
temperature Valve seats
Large movements
Abrasion resistance Fluid capability
Stab-in capability Rapid gas
Blow out preventers High pressure decompression Teesele Elast-O-Lion
(BOPs) Very robust resistance Custom mouldings FR58/90
Resilient High temperature
Bonded Long life
High pressure cycling
Large movements
Abrasion resistance Teesele Elast-O-Lion
Stab-in capability Chevron (Shallex) Fluoroelastomer
Chemical capability
Flow management High pressure Chevron Lofilm FR58/90
High temperature
Pressure responsive (Lofilm Shallex) FEPM
Extrusion resistance Custom rings PEEKTM
High pressure cycling
Wear/bearing rings
Riser clamps
Will not support Chemical capability O rings & D seals Elast-O-Lion
marine growth Thermal stability: high RotaBolt tension Fluoroelastomers
Risers
Light in weight & low temperatures control fasteners Devlon V-API
Simple installation Weight reduction Solosele G
Springsele
Zero corrosion
Long life
Creep resistant
Corrosion resistance PIP centralisers
Pipelines and flowlines Low thermal conductivity Devlon V-API
Low thermal conductivity Flowline bundle spacers
Abrasion resistant
Weight savings
Weight reduction
Product selection: O rings
O rings to pressure, it will be forced into the

clearance gap of the housings low
The O ring is widely accepted as a highly pressure side. This action is known as
efficient and reliable sealing component. extrusion.
However, users rarely consider why this is
so or how it actually works. In applications where the pressure is
reduced relatively gradually, the rubber
Although many types of seal are capable will recover and no damage will occur.
of performing the same function, the However where rapid pressure cycling
popularity of the O ring is greatly occurs, the extruded volume of rubber
influenced by commercial considerations. does not have sufficient time to recover
For example, when a less compact type of before the clearance gap closes and it
seal is used, the components that house is physically removed. Each subsequent
the seal by necessity have to be larger and pressure cycle results in more rubber
therefore more expensive. This in turn can being removed, until eventually seal failure
make the complete unit much more bulky Figure 3: O ring in typical housing occurs. This process is known as nibbling.
and costly than if a compact O ring had
been employed. system pressure can act upon that face Although most likely to occur in dynamic
and energise the seal. Consequently a applications where clearances between
An O ring is therefore very attractive for a square groove is not of a suitable geometry adjacent metal components are inevitable,
number of reasons: to house an O ring and a rectangular seal extrusion can also occur in static,
It is relatively cheap. groove must therefore be employed. flange type applications, where stretching
It occupies little space. of assembly bolts can create extrusion
The housing is usually very simple, Since rubber is virtually incompressible, clearances.
making it easy and inexpensive to the volume of any O ring must be less
incorporate into equipment design. than the volume of the groove into which O rings are generally suitable for
It will seal in both directions therefore it is fitted. If this is not the case then the pressures up to 10MPa/1450psi. At higher
on double acting applications only one excess rubber will simply be extruded into pressures or where adverse mechanical
seal is required. the clearance present between adjacent conditions exist, the use of a back-up ring
metal components. For typical hydraulic is recommended.
The O ring can be considered to be a applications the level of groove fill is in the
truly automatic seal which makes it highly region of 65 to 70 per cent. However O The most common back-up ring material
versatile and extremely useful. Figure rings for high pressure gas applications used is PTFE which, although fairly rigid,
3 shows an O ring fitted into a typical give superior performance when installed is still soft enough to respond to the force
housing. In order to effect a seal under zero with higher levels of groove fill and squeeze. transmitted to it by the O ring under
or very low pressure conditions, the O ring pressure. Under the influence of this force
is mechanically squeezed, typically by 6- Insufficient levels of squeeze and groove the back-up ring will flow into the extrusion
15 per cent. This squeeze creates an initial fill can allow rapid gas decompression clearance where, due to its poor recovery
sealing force P. damage to occur more readily. Conversely, properties it remains and protects the O
excessive squeeze and groove fill can give ring.
If system pressure P1 is now introduced, rise to problems at higher temperatures
this pressure will act over the exposed and where swell of the O ring occurs due The use of PTFE back-up rings extends
face of the seal and then be transferred to contact with certain media. For rapid gas the pressure capability of the simple O
through the rubber. Since rubber behaves decompression/high pressure gas service, ring up to at least 35MPa/5075psi. This
rather like a very viscous fluid, P1 will be the O ring squeeze should ideally be limit can be extended further by selecting
transferred equally in all directions and as between 18 and 22 per cent and the groove an alternative back-up ring material such
a result the sealing force P2 will be greater fill should be between 80 and 90 per cent. as PEEKTM, a thermoplastic engineering
than the system pressure P1 by an amount polymer which is highly resistant to
equal to the initial sealing force P. Housing dimensions for standard chemical attack, wear and extrusion at
applications can be found on pages elevated temperatures.
Typically, system pressure P1 will become a 44-45, and should be adhered to at all
significant component of the sealing force times. When considering particularly James Walker offers an extensive stock
P2 at pressures in excess of 3.5MPa/508psi. arduous duties, please consult your local of O rings to SAE AS568 and other
James Walker company. standards (see pages 46 to 63) in a variety
O ring housings of conventional and high performance
For an O ring to function correctly, it Anti-extrusion elements materials. Non-standard sizes may be
is essential that one face of the seal be As mentioned, rubber generally behaves available from our extensive O ring mould
exposed to the medium, in order that the like a very viscous fluid and when subjected library of around 10,000 tools.

O ring design notes Housings for general service

Housing arrangements
Figure 4: Groove in cylinder Figure 8: Groove in flange, external pressure Figure 13: Groove radii and taper for
Min. lead in dia. Max. groove dia. 2A max. G figures 410
P h11
Shaft H
15 20 diameter Direction
of pressure Radius Radius
R2 R1 max.
K
E
F Figure 9: Groove in flange, internal pressure

0 5
G total Q H11
B
Groove diametral
diameter clearance
A
Max. groove dia. C min. + 2F max. H
Min. groove dia. C max. + 2F min.
K
Figure 5: Plug groove, terminology as figures List of symbols
Direction
4 and 13 of pressure The following symbols are used
throughout this guide:
Figure 10: Groove in flange, Chart 72
A O ring diameter section
W B O ring inside diameter
V
C Shaft diameter
H
D Cylinder diameter
Figure 6: Groove in piston
E Groove width
Min. lead in dia. Max. groove dia. + 2A max. + G F Groove radial depth
G Maximum diametral clearance
15 20
Figure 11: Triangular groove H Flange groove depth
Maximum
h11 ISO 286 tolerance (shafts)
radius R H11 ISO 286 tolerance (holes)
45
F K Minimum flange groove width
E M L Minimum spigot length
L
M Triangular groove chamfer
Groove
P Flange groove inside diameter
diameter T Q Flange groove outside diameter
G total
D diametral
R Triangular groove radius
G total
Cylinder
diameter
clearance diametral R1 C
orner radius (maximum) at groove
clearance
Max. groove dia. D min. 2F min.
base
Min. groove dia. D max. 2F max. R2 Corner radius at groove entrance
Figure 12: Dovetail groove
T Triangular groove inside diameter
Maximum
Figure 7: Plug groove, terminology as radius 2G V BS 4518 flange groove inside
20 25 diameter
figures 6 and 13 A + B
W BS 4518 flange groove outside

X
diameter
X Dovetail groove depth
Radius
min. G Y Y Dovetail groove width
max. 2G
O ring design notes Housings for general service

TABLE 1: INCH GROOVE DIMENSIONS All dimensions in inches
DIAMETER GROOVE WIDTH E RADIAL FLANGE GROOVE TRIANGULAR GROOVE GROOVE RADII DOVETAIL GROOVE
SECTION DEPTH G
A O ring only +1 back-up +2 back-up F max Depth H K min L min Chamfer M R max R1 max R2 Depth X Width Y
0.040 .059/.063 # # .032/.034 .004 .028/.032 .068 # # # .008 .004/.008 # #
0.050 .069/.073 # # .042/.044 .004 .037/.041 .078 # # # .010 .004/.008 # #
0.060 .080/.085 # # .051/.053 .005 .045/.050 .091 .120 .082/.087 .030 .012 .005/.010 # #
0.063 .084/.089 .142/.147 .200/.205 .053/.055 .005 .047/.052 .094 .125 .086/.091 .031 .013 .005/.010 .054/.056 .053/.055
0.070 .089/.099 .147/.152 .205/.210 .060/.062 .005 .051/.061 .095 .188 .095/.100 .030 .030 .005/.010 .059/.062 .059/.062
0.094 .121/.126 .179/.184 .237/.242 .081/.084 .005 .075/.080 .129 .188 .129/.134 .047 .019 .005/.010 .077/.080 .080/.083
0.103 .136/.146 .194/.199 .252/.257 .091/.094 .005 .081/.091 .140 .250 .145/.150 .040 .030 .005/.010 .085/.088 .089/.092
0.125 .159/.164 .217/.222 .275/.280 .110/.114 .005 .102/.107 .168 .250 .183/.188 .063 .025 .005/.010 .103/.107 .107/.111
0.139 .183/.193 .241/.247 .299/.305 .122/.125 .006 .110/.120 .190 .313 .195/.200 .060 .030 .005/.010 .115/.119 .120/.124
0.188 .240/.246 .312/.318 .384/.390 .166/.171 .006 .155/.161 .248 .375 .269/.275 .094 .038 .006/.012 .156/.161 .163/.168
0.210 .276/.286 .348/.355 .420/.427 .184/.188 .007 .170/.180 .280 .438 .295/.300 .090 .030 .005/.010 .179/.184 .183/.188
0.250 .328/.335 .430/.437 .532/.539 .221/.227 .007 .207/.214 .333 .500 .360/.367 .125 .050 .007/.014 .208/.214 .218/.224
0.275 .370/.380 .472/.480 .574/.582 .245/.250 .008 .231/.241 .370 .563 .395/.400 .100 .030 .005/.010 .230/.236 .241/.247
0.375 .514/.523 .644/.653 .774/.783 .333/.341 .009 .314/.323 .501 .750 .545/.554 .188 .075 .009/.018 .315/.323 .329/.337
0.500 .718/.728 .848/.858 .978/.988 .446/.456 .010 .421/.431 .674 1.000 .733/.743 .250 .100 .010/.020 .421/.431 .441/.451
TABLE 2: METRIC GROOVE DIMENSIONS All dimensions in millimetres

DIAMETER GROOVE WIDTH E RADIAL FLANGE GROOVE TRIANGULAR GROOVE GROOVE RADII DOVETAIL GROOVE
SECTION DEPTH G
A O ring only +1 back-up +2 back-up F max Depth H K min L min Chamfer M R max R1 max R2 Depth X Width Y
1.0/1.02 1.5/1.6 # # 0.81/0.86 0.11 0.7/0.8 1.8 # # # 0.2 0.11/0.22 # #
1.27 1.8/1.9 # # 1.06/1.11 0.11 0.9/1.0 2.1 # # # 0.3 0.11/0.22 # #
1.5/1.52 2.1/2.2 # # 1.26/1.32 0.12 1.1/1.2 2.4 3.0 2.08/2.20 0.8 0.3 0.12/0.24 # #
1.6 2.3/2.5 3.7/3.9 5.0/5.2 1.18/1.25 0.12 1.2/1.3 2.4 4.0 2.20/2.32 0.8 0.2 0.20/0.40 1.37/1.43 1.34/1.40
1.78 2.3/2.5 3.8/3.9 5.3/5.4 1.52/1.57 0.13 1.3/1.5 2.4 4.8 2.41/2.54 0.8 0.8 0.13/0.25 1.50/1.56 1.50/1.56
2.0 2.6/2.7 4.1/4.2 5.6/5.7 1.72/1.79 0.12 1.6/1.7 2.8 4.0 2.71/2.83 1.0 0.4 0.12/0.24 1.65/1.72 1.70/1.77
2.4 3.2/3.4 4.6/4.8 6.0/6.2 1.97/2.09 0.14 1.7/1.8 3.7 5.0 3.30/3.42 1.3 0.5 0.20/0.40 1.96/2.04 2.05/2.13
2.5 3.2/3.3 4.7/4.8 6.2/6.3 2.17/2.25 0.13 2.0/2.1 3.4 5.0 3.46/3.59 1.3 0.5 0.13/0.26 2.05/2.13 2.15/2.23
2.62 3.5/3.7 5.0/5.1 6.5/6.6 2.31/2.39 0.13 2.1/2.3 3.6 6.4 3.68/3.81 1.0 0.8 0.13/0.25 2.16/2.24 2.26/2.34
3.0 4.0/4.2 5.4/5.6 6.8/7.0 2.50/2.65 0.15 2.2/2.3 4.5 6.0 4.20/4.32 2.0 1.0 0.20/0.40 2.46/2.55 2.58/2.67
3.5/3.53 4.7/4.9 6.2/6.4 7.7/7.9 3.10/3.18 0.15 2.8/3.0 4.8 7.9 4.95/5.08 1.5 0.8 0.13/0.25 2.89/2.99 3.03/3.13
4.0 5.1/5.3 6.6/6.8 8.1/8.3 3.52/3.62 0.15 3.2/3.4 5.5 8.0 5.75/5.90 2.0 0.8 0.15/0.30 3.32/3.42 3.48/3.58
4.1 5.5/5.7 7.1/7.3 8.7/8.9 3.50/3.67 0.16 3.1/3.2 6.0 8.0 5.60/5.72 2.5 1.0 0.20/0.40 3.39/3.50 3 59/3.70
4.5 5.8/6.0 7.6/7.8 9.4/9.6 3.96/4.07 0.16 3.7/3.9 6.0 9.0 6.45/6.61 2.3 0.9 0.16/0.32 3.74/3.85 3.92/4.03
5.0 6.4/6.6 8.2/8.4 10.0/10.2 4.42/4.54 0.16 4.1/4.3 6.7 10.0 7.18/7.34 2.5 1.0 0.16/0.32 4.23/4.35 4.37/4.49
5.33 7.0/7.2 8.8/9.0 10.6/10.8 4.67/4.78 0.18 4.3/4.5 7.1 11.1 7.49/7.62 2.3 0.8 0.13/0.25 4.54/4.67 4.64/4.77
5.7 7.5/7.7 9.3/9.5 11.1/11.3 4.95/5.18 0.18 4.4/4.5 8.1 10.0 7.80/7.92 3.0 1.0 0.20/0.40 4.80/4.94 4.98/5.12
6.0 7.8/8.0 9.6/9.8 11.4/11.6 5.31/5.45 0.18 5.0/5.2 7.9 12.0 8.64/8.82 3.0 1.2 0.18/0.36 5.02/5.16 5.25/5.39
6.99/7.0 9.4/9.6 12.0/12.2 14.6/14.8 6.22/6.35 0.20 5.9/6.1 9.4 14.3 10.03/10.16 2.5 0.8 0.13/0.25 5.85/6.01 6.12/6.28
8.0 10.7/10.9 13.3/13.5 15.9/16.1 7.09/7.27 0.20 6.7/6.9 10.6 16.0 11.61/11.81 4.0 1.6 0.20/0.40 6.70/6.88 7.01/7.19
8.4 11.0/11.2 13.6/13.8 16.2/16.4 7.50/7.75 0.20 6.6/6.7 12.0 14.0 11.50/11.62 4.0 1.0 0.20/0.40 7.02/7.21 7.34/7.53
9.0 12.3/12.5 15.6/15.8 18.9/19.1 7.97/8.17 0.21 7.5/7.7 12.1 18.0 13.08/13.29 4.5 1.8 0.21/0.42 7.54/7.74 7.89/8.09
9.5/9.53 13.1/13.3 16.4/16.6 19.7/19.9 8.43/8.64 0.22 8.0/8.2 12.7 19.0 13.83/14.05 4.8 1.9 0.22/0.44 7.97/8.18 8.34/8.55
10.0 13.8/14.0 17.1/17.3 20.4/20.6 8.89/9.10 0.23 8.4/8.6 13.3 20.0 14.58/14.81 5.0 2.0 0.23/0.46 8.41/8.62 8.80/9.01
12.5/12.7 18.5/18.8 21.8/22.1 25.1/25.4 11.13/11.39 0.26 10.5/10.8 17.4 25.0 18.30/18.56 6.3 2.5 0.26/0.52 10.52/10.78 11.01/11.27
TABLE 3: ISO 286-1 ISO LIMITS AND FITS TABLE 3: Continued KEY: CHART 50 CHART72 CHART 17000
EXTRACT (See Figures 8 -10, page 44) # Diameter section A indicated is too small for this groove
NOM. DIAMETER TOLERANCE NOM. DIAMETER TOLERANCE type.
Up to and Up to and
Above including H11 h11 Above including H11 h11
3 +0/+0.060 0/0.060 250 315 +0/+0.320 0/0.320
3 6 +0/+0.075 0/0.075 315 400 +0/+0.360 0/0.360
6 10 +0/+0.090 0/0.090 400 500 +0/+0.400 0/0.400
10 18 +0/+0.110 0/0.110 500 630 +0/+0.440 0/0.440
18 30 +0/+0.130 0/0.130 630 800 +0/+0.500 0/0.500
30 50 +0/+0.160 0/0.160 800 1000 +0/+0.560 0/0.560

50 80 +0/+0.190 0/0.190 1000 1250 +0/+0.660 0/0.660
80 120 +0/+0.220 0/0.220 1250 1600 +0/+0.780 0/0.780
120 180 +0/+0.250 0/0.250 1600 2000 +0/+0.920 0/0.920
180 250 +0/+0.290 0/0.290 2000 2500 +0/+1.100 0/1.100
All dimensions in millimetres.

O ring Chart 50: inch and metric sizes James INCH DIAMETERS METRIC DIAMETERS (mm)
Walker Inside Inside Shaft Cyl.
Our Chart 50 reflects the standards in many countries, particularly Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D
those of the USA and UK. Despite UK metrification, inch sizes to
0.070 0.003" (1.78 0.08mm) Diameter Section A
BS1806 now superseded by BS ISO 3601-1 Class 1 are still
50-022 0.989 0.010 1 1 25.12 0.25 25 29
very popular and will be needed well into the 21st Century. " 023 1.051 " 1 1 26.70 " 27 30
" 024 1.114 " 1 1 28.30 " 28 32
" 025 1.176 0.011 1 1 29.87 0.28 30 34
Reference numbers highlighted in red indicate those sizes " 026 1.239 " 1 1 31.47 " 31 35
covered by: " 027 1.301 " 1 1 33.05 " 32 37
SAE AS568: American National Standard Aerospace size " 028 1.364 0.013 1 1 34.65 0.33 35 38
" 517 1.428 " 1 1 36.27 " 36 40
standard for 'O' rings, and " 029 1.489 " 1 1 37.82 " 38 42
" 519 1.553 " 1 1 39.45 " 39 43
BS1806: Dimensions of toroidal sealing rings ('O' rings) and
" 030 1.614 " 1 1 41.00 " 40 45
their housings (inch series), which has been superseded by " 031 1.739 0.015 1 1 44.17 0.38 44 48
BS ISO 3601-1 and BS ISO 3601-2. " 032 1.864 " 1 2 47.35 " 47 51
" 033 1.989 0.018 2 2 50.52 0.46 50 55
" 034 2.114 " 2 2 53.70 " 53 58
Although the basic range is in inch sizes, the O rings can of " 035 2.239 " 2 2 56.87 " 56 61
course be used for sealing metric dimensioned components. " 036 2.364 " 2 2 60.05 " 60 65
" 037 2.489 " 2 2 63.22 " 63 67
The tables below include suggested metric shaft and cylinder " 038 2.614 0.020 2 2 66.40 0.51 65 70
sizes for which each individual O ring is suitable. (Note: These " 039 2.739 " 2 2 69.57 " 69 75
figures are not merely direct metric conversions of the inch sizes. " 040 2.864 " 2 3 72.75 " 70 77
" 041 2.989 0.024 3 3 75.92 0.61 75 80
Separate ranges of back-up rings are available for metric shafts " 532 3.110 " 3 3 78.99 " 78 85
and cylinders.) " 042 3.239 " 3 3 82.27 " 80 88
" 534 3.360 " 3 3 85.34 " 85 90
B
" 043 3.489 " 3 3 88.62 " 88 95
Rings suitable for " 536 3.610 0.027 3 3 91.69 0.69 90 98
both dynamic and " 044 3.739 " 3 3 94.97 " 95 100
" 538 3.860 " 3 4 98.04 " 98 102
static applications. A " 045 3.989 " 4 4 101.32 " 100 105
Other sizes are not " 540 4.110 " 4 4 104.39 " 104 110
recommended for " 046 4.239 0.030 4 4 107.67 0.76 107 112
" 542 4.360 " 4 4 110.74 " 110 115
dynamic duties. " 047 4.489 " 4 4 114.02 " 114 120
" 544 4.610 " 4 4 117.09 " 116 122
James INCH DIAMETERS METRIC DIAMETERS (mm) " 048 4.739 " 4 4 120.37 " 120 125
Walker Inside Inside Shaft Cyl. " 546 4.860 0.037 4 5 123.44 0.94 123 130
Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D " 049 4.989 " 5 5 126.72 " 125 132
" 548 5.095 " 5 5 129.41 " 130 135
0.040 0.003" (1.02 0.08mm) Diameter Section A " 050 5.239 " 5 5 133.07 " 132 138
50-001 0.029 0.004 # # 0.74 0.10 0.8 2.5 " 550 5.345 " 5 5 135.76 " 135 140
" 606 0.070 0.005 1.78 0.13 2 3.6 " 551 5.470 " 5 5 138.94 " 138 145
" 607 0.100 " 2.54 " 2.8 4.5 " 552 5.595 " 5 5 142.11 " 140 148
" 553 5.720 " 5 5 145.29 " 145 150
50-002 0.042 0.004 0.130 1.07 0.10 1.2 3.3
" 555 5.970 " 6 6 151.64 " 150 158
0.060 0.003" (1.52 0.08mm) Diameter Section A " 556 6.095 0.040 6 6 154.81 1.02 155 160
" 557 6.220 " 6 6 157.99 " 158 162
50-003 0.056 0.004 1.42 0.10 1.5 4.1 " 558 6.345 " 6 6 161.16 " 160 165
" 559 6.470 " 6 6 164.34 " 165 170
50-004* 0.070 0.005 1.78 0.13 2 5 " 560 6.595 " 6 6 167.51 " 167 172
" 005* 0.101 " 2.57 " 2.8 6 " 561 6.720 " 6 6 170.69 " 170 175
" 006* 0.114 " 2.90 " 3 6.2 " 562 6.845 " 6 7 173.86 " 174 180
" 801* 0.125 " 3.18 " 3.5 6.5
" 007* 0.145 " # # 3.68 " 4 7
" 008* 0.176 " 4.47 " 4.5 8
" 802* 0.188 " 4.76 " 5 8.5 50-102* 0.049 0.005 1.24 0.13 1.5 6
" 009* 0.208 " # # 5.28 " 5.5 9 " 103* 0.081 " # # 2.06 " 2.3 7
" 010* 0.239 " 6.07 " 6 9.5 " 104* 0.112 " 2.84 " 3 7.5
" 803* 0.250 " 6.35 " 6.5 9.8 " 105* 0.143 " # # 3.63 " 4 8.5
" 106* 0.174 " 4.42 " 4.5 9.5
" 610* 0.266 " # # 6.75 " 7 10
" 011* 0.301 " 7.65 " 7.5 11 " 107* 0.206 " # # 5.23 " 5.5 10
" 804* 0.313 " 7.94 " 8 11.5 " 108* 0.237 " 6.02 " 6 11
" 611* 0.344 " # # 8.73 " 9 12 " 109* 0.299 " 7.59 " 7.5 12.5
" 012* 0.364 " 9.25 " 9.5 12.5 " 110* 0.362 " 9.19 " 9.5 14
" 013 0.426 " 10.82 " 11 14.2 " 613* 0.391 " # # 9.92 " 10 15
" 806 0.438 " 11.11 " 11.5 14.5 " 111* 0.424 " 10.77 " 11 16
" 014 0.489 " 12.42 " 12.5 16
" 015 0.551 0.007 14.00 0.18 14 17.5 " 614* 0.469 " # # 11.91 " 11.5 17
" 016 0.614 0.009 15.60 0.23 15.5 19 " 112* 0.487 " 12.37 " 12 17.5
" 807* 0.500 0.007 12.70 0.18 12.5 17.8
" 017 0.676 " 17.17 " 17 20.5 " 615* 0.516 " 13.10 " 13 18
" 018 0.739 " 18.77 " 19 22.5
" 019 0.801 " 20.35 " 20 24 " 113* 0.549 " 13.94 " 14 19
" 020 0.864 " 1 21.95 " 22 25.5 " 616* 0.594 " # # 15.08 " 15 20
" 021 0.926 " 1 23.52 " 23 27
James INCH DIAMETERS METRIC DIAMETERS (mm) Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D

Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D 0.139 0.004" (3.53 0.10mm) Diameter Section A
50-201* 0.171 0.005 4.34 0.13 4.5 11
0.103 0.003" (2.62 0.08mm) Diameter Section A " 202* 0.234 " 5.94 " 6 12.5
" 203* 0.296 " 7.52 " 7.5 14
50-114* 0.612 0.009 15.54 0.23 15.5 20.5 " 204* 0.359 " 9.12 " 9.5 16
" 809* 0.625 " 15.88 " 16 21
" 115* 0.674 " 17.12 " 17 22 " 205* 0.421 " 10.69 " 11 17.5
" 810* 0.688 " 17.46 " 17.5 22.5 " 206* 0.484 " 12.29 " 12.5 19
" 617* 0.703 " # # 17.86 " 18 23 " 207* 0.546 0.007 13.87 0.18 14 20.5
" 116* 0.737 " 18.72 " 19 24 " 208* 0.609 0.009 15.47 0.23 15.5 22
" 117 0.799 0.010 1 20.29 0.25 20 25.5 " 209* 0.671 " 17.04 " 17 24
" 812 0.813 " 1 20.64 " 20.5 26 " 210* 0.734 0.010 1 18.64 0.25 19 25
" 118 0.862 " 1 21.89 " 21 27
" 813 0.875 " 1 22.23 " 22 27.5 " 211* 0.796 " 1 20.22 " 20 28
" 212* 0.859 " 1 21.82 " 22 29
" 119 0.924 " 1 23.47 " 23 28.5 " 213* 0.921 " 1 23.39 " 23 30
" 814 0.938 " 1 23.81 " 23.5 29 " 214* 0.984 " 1 1 24.99 " 25 32
" 120 0.987 " 1 1 25.07 " 25 30 " 618* 1.016 " 1# 1# 25.80 " 26 33
" 121 1.049 " 1 1 26.64 " 27 32
" 122 1.112 " 1 1 28.24 " 28 34 " 215* 1.046 " 1 1 26.57 " 27 34
" 216* 1.109 0.012 1 1 28.17 0.30 28 35
" 123 1.174 0.012 1 1 29.82 0.30 30 35 " 217* 1.171 " 1 1 29.74 " 30 36
" 124 1.237 " 1 1 31.42 " 31 37 " 218* 1.234 " 1 1 31.34 " 31 38
" 125 1.299 " 1 1 32.99 " 32 38 " 219* 1.296 " 1 1 32.92 " 32 40
" 126 1.362 " 1 1 34.59 " 35 40
" 127 1.424 " 1 1 36.17 " 36 42 " 220* 1.359 " 1 1 34.52 " 35 42
" 221* 1.421 " 1 1 36.09 " 36 43
" 128 1.487 " 1 1 37.77 " 38 43 " 222* 1.484 0.015 1 1 37.69 0.38 38 45
" 129 1.549 0.015 1 1 39.34 0.38 39 45 " 824 1.563 " 1 1 39.69 " 39 47
" 130 1.612 " 1 1 40.94 " 40 47 " 223 1.609 " 1 1 40.87 " 40 48
" 131 1.674 " 1 1 42.52 " 42 48
" 132 1.737 " 1 1 44.12 " 44 50 " 825 1.625 " 41.28 " 41 49
" 133 1.799 " 1 2 45.69 " 45 51 " 826 1.688 " 1 1 42.86 " 42 50
" 134 1.862 " 1 2 47.29 " 47 53 " 224 1.734 " 1 2 44.04 " 43 51
" 135 1.925 0.017 1 2 48.90 0.43 48 55 " 827 1.750 " 44.45 " 44 52
" 136 1.987 " 2 2 50.47 " 50 56 " 828 1.813 " 1 2 46.04 " 45 53
" 137 2.050 " 2 2 52.07 " 52 58
" 225 1.859 0.018 1 2 47.22 0.46 46 54
" 138 2.112 " 2 2 53.64 " 53 60 " 829 1.875 " 47.63 " 47 55
" 139 2.175 " 2 2 55.25 " 55 61 " 830 1.938 " 1 2 49.21 " 48 56
" 140 2.237 " 2 2 56.82 " 56 62 " 226 1.984 " 2 2 50.39 49 58
" 141 2.300 0.020 2 2 58.42 0.51 58 65 " 831 2.000 " 50.80 " 50 59
" 142 2.362 " 2 2 59.99 " 60 66
" 832 2.063 " 2 2 52.39 " 52 60
" 143 2.425 " 2 2 61.60 " 61 67 " 227 2.109 " 2 2 53.57 " 53 61
" 144 2.487 " 2 2 63.17 " 63 69 " 833 2.125 " 53.98 " 54 62
" 145 2.550 " 2 2 64.77 " 65 70 " 834 2.188 " 2 2 55.56 " 55 63
" 146 2.612 " 2 2 66.34 " 66 72 " 228 2.234 0.020 2 2 56.74 0.51 56 64
" 147 2.675 0.022 2 2 67.95 0.56 68 74
" 835 2.250 " 57.15 " 57 65
" 148 2.737 " 2 2 69.52 " 69 75 " 836 2.313 " 2 2 58.74 " 58 66
" 149 2.800 " 2 3 71.12 " 70 77 " 229 2.359 " 2 2 59.92 " 59 67
" 150 2.862 " 2 3 72.69 " 72 78 " 837 2.375 " 60.33 " 60 68
" 640 2.924 0.024 2 3 74.27 0.61 74 80 " 838 2.438 " 2 2 61.91 " 61 69
" 151 2.987 " 3 3 75.87 " 75 82
" 230 2.484 " 2 2 63.09 " 62 70
" 641 3.049 " 3 3 77.44 " 77 85 " 839 2.500 " 63.50 " 63 71
" 642 3.174 " 3 3 80.62 " 80 87
" 152 3.237 " 3 3 82.22 " 82 88 " 840 2.563 " 2 2 65.09 " 64 72
" 643 3.299 " 3 3 83.79 " 84 90 " 231 2.609 " 2 2 66.27 " 65 73
" 153 3.487 " 3 3 88.57 " 88 95 " 841 2.625 " 66.68 " 66 74
" 154 3.737 0.028 3 3 94.92 0.71 95 100 " 842 2.688 " 2 2 68.26 " 67 75
" 155 3.987 " 4 4 101.27 " 100 110 " 232 2.734 0.024 2 3 69.44 0.61 68 76
" 156 4.237 0.030 4 4 107.62 0.76 107 115 " 843 2.750 " 69.85 " 69 77
" 157 4.487 " 4 4 113.97 " 114 120 " 844 2.813 " 2 3 71.44 " 70 79
" 158 4.737 " 4 4 120.32 " 120 130 " 233 2.859 " 2 3 72.62 " 71 80
" 159 4.987 0.035 5 5 126.67 0.89 125 135 " 845 2.875 " 73.04 " 72 81
" 160 5.237 " 5 5 133.02 " 132 140 " 846 2.938 " 2 3 74.61 " 74 82
" 161 5.487 " 5 5 139.37 " 138 145 " 234 2.984 " 3 3 75.79 " 75 85
" 162 5.737 " 5 5 145.72 " 145 155 " 235 3.109 " 3 3 78.97 " 78 88
" 163 5.987 " 6 6 152.07 " 150 160 " 236 3.234 " 3 3 82.14 " 80 90
" 164 6.237 0.040 6 6 158.42 1.02 158 165 " 237 3.359 " 3 3 85.32 " 85 95
" 165 6.487 " 6 6 164.77 " 165 170 " 238 3.484 " 3 3 88.49 " 88 98
" 166 6.737 " 6 6 171.12 " 170 180 " 239 3.609 0.028 3 3 91.67 0.71 90 100
" 167 6.987 " 7 7 177.47 " 177 185 " 240 3.734 " 3 4 94.84 " 95 102
" 168 7.237 0.045 7 7 183.82 1.14 183 190 " 241 3.859 " 3 4 98.02 " 98 105
" 169 7.487 " 7 7 190.17 " 190 200 " 242 3.984 " 4 4 101.19 " 100 110
" 170 7.737 " 7 7 196.52 " 195 205 " 243 4.109 " 4 4 104.37 " 104 112
" 171 7.987 " 8 8 202.87 " 200 210 " 244 4.234 0.030 4 4 107.54 0.76 107 115
" 172 8.237 0.050 8 8 209.22 1.27 208 215 " 245 4.359 " 4 4 110.72 " 110 120
" 173 8.487 " 8 8 215.57 " 215 225
" 246 4.484 " 4 4 113.89 " 114 122
" 174 8.737 " 8 8 221.92 " 220 230 " 247 4.609 " 4 4 117.07 " 116 125
" 175 8.987 " 9 9 228.27 " 225 235 " 248 4.734 " 4 5 120.24 " 120 130
" 176 9.237 0.055 9 9 234.62 1.40 235 240 " 249 4.859 0.035 4 5 123.42 0.89 123 132
" 177 9.487 " 9 9 240.97 " 240 250 " 250 4.984 " 5 5 126.59 " 125 135
" 178 9.737 " 9 9 247.32 " 245 255 " 251 5.109 " 5 5 129.77 " 130 138

James INCH DIAMETERS METRIC DIAMETERS (mm) Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D
Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D 0.210 0.005" (5.33 0.13mm) Diameter Section A
50-621* 3.531 0.028 3 3 89.69 0.71 90 101
0.139 0.004" (3.53 0.10mm) Diameter Section A " 342* 3.600 " 3 4 91.44 " 92 102
50-252 5.234 0.035 5 5 132.94 0.89 132 140 " 343* 3.725 " 3 4 94.62 " 95 105
" 253 5.359 " 5 5 136.12 " 135 145 " 344* 3.850 " 3 4 97.79 " 98 108
" 254 5.484 " 5 5 139.29 " 138 148 " 622* 3.938 " 3 4 100.01 " 100 110
" 255 5.609 " 5 5 142.47 " 140 150
" 345* 3.975 " 4 4 100.97 " 101 112
" 256 5.734 " 5 6 145.64 " 145 155 " 346* 4.100 " 4 4 104.14 " 104 115
" 257 5.859 " 5 6 148.82 " 148 158 " 347* 4.225 0.030 4 4 107.32 0.76 107 118
" 258 5.984 " 6 6 151.99 " 150 160 " 623* 4.313 " 4 4 109.54 " 109 120
" 259 6.234 0.040 6 6 158.34 1.02 158 170 " 348* 4.350 " 4 4 110.49 " 110 121
" 260 6.484 " 6 6 164.69 " 165 175 " 349* 4.475 " 4 4 113.67 " 114 125
" 261 6.734 " 6 7 171.04 " 170 180 " 350 4.600 " 4 5 116.84 " 116 128
" 860 4.625 " 117.48 " 117 130
" 262 6.984 " 7 7 177.39 " 177 185 " 351 4.725 " 4 5 120.02 " 120 131
" 263 7.234 0.045 7 7 183.74 1.14 183 195 " 861 4.750 " 120.65 " 121 132
" 264 7.484 " 7 7 190.09 " 190 200
" 265 7.734 " 7 8 196.44 " 195 205 " 352 4.850 " 4 5 123.19 " 123 134
" 266 7.984 " 8 8 202.79 " 200 210 " 862 4.875 0.037 123.83 0.94 124 135
" 353 4.975 " 5 5 126.37 " 125 137
" 267 8.234 0.050 8 8 209.14 1.27 208 220 " 863 5.000 " 127.00 " 127 138
" 268 8.484 " 8 8 215.49 " 215 225 " 354 5.100 " 5 5 129.54 " 129 140
" 269 8.734 " 8 9 221.84 " 220 230
" 270 8.984 " 9 9 228.19 " 225 235 " 864 5.125 " 130.18 " 130 141
" 271 9.234 0.055 9 9 234.54 1.40 235 245 " 355 5.225 " 5 5 132.72 " 132 143
" 865 5.250 " 133.35 " 133 145
" 272 9.484 " 9 9 240.89 " 240 250 " 356 5.350 " 5 5 135.89 " 135 146
" 273 9.734 " 9 10 247.24 " 245 255 " 866 5.375 " 136.53 " 136 148
" 274 9.984 " 10 10 253.59 " 250 265
" 275 10.484 " 10 10 266.29 " 265 275 " 357 5.475 " 5 5 139.07 " 138 150
" 276 10.984 0.065 11 11 278.99 1.65 275 290 " 867 5.500 " 139.70 " 140 151
" 358 5.600 " 5 6 142.24 " 142 153
" 277 11.484 " 11 11 291.69 " 290 300 " 868 5.625 " 142.88 " 143 155
" 278 11.984 " 12 12 304.39 " 300 315 " 359 5.725 " 5 6 145.42 " 145 156
" 279 12.984 " 13 13 329.79 " 330 340
" 280 13.984 " 14 14 355.19 " 350 365 " 869 5.750 " 146.05 " 146 158
" 281 14.984 " 15 15 380.59 " 380 390 " 360 5.850 " 5 6 148.59 " 148 160
" 870 5.875 " 149.23 " 149 162
" 282 15.955 0.075 16 16 405.26 1.91 400 415 " 361 5.975 " 6 6 151.77 " 150 165
" 283 16.955 0.080 17 17 430.66 2.03 430 440 " 644 6.100 0.040 6 6 154.94 1.02 155 168
" 284 17.955 0.085 18 18 456.06 2.16 455 465
" 362 6.225 " 6 6 158.12 " 158 170
" 645 6.350 " 6 6 161.29 " 160 172
" 363 6.475 " 6 6 164.47 " 165 175
50-309* 0.412 0.005 10.46 0.13 11 20.5 " 364 6.725 " 6 7 170.82 " 170 182
" 310* 0.475 " 12.07 " 12.5 22
" 311* 0.537 0.007 13.64 0.18 14 23.5 " 647 6.850 " 6 7 173.99 " 174 185
" 312* 0.600 0.009 1 15.24 0.23 15.5 25 " 365 6.975 " 7 7 177.17 " 177 190
" 313* 0.662 " 1 16.81 " 17 27 " 366 7.225 0.045 7 7 183.52 1.14 183 195
" 367 7.475 " 7 7 189.87 " 190 200
" 314* 0.725 0.010 1 18.42 0.25 19 28.5 " 368 7.725 " 7 8 196.22 " 195 210
" 315* 0.787 " 1 19.99 " 20 30
" 316* 0.850 " 1 21.59 " 22 31.5 " 369 7.975 " 8 8 202.57 " 200 215
" 317* 0.912 " 1 23.16 " 23 33 " 370 8.225 0.050 8 8 208.92 1.27 208 220
" 318* 0.975 " 1 1 24.77 " 25 35 " 371 8.475 " 8 8 215.27 " 215 230
" 372 8.725 " 8 9 221.62 " 220 235
" 319* 1.037 " 1 1 26.34 " 27 36.5 " 373 8.975 " 9 9 227.97 " 225 240
" 320* 1.100 0.012 1 1 27.94 0.30 28 38
" 321* 1.162 " 1 1 29.51 " 30 40 " 374 9.225 0.055 9 9 234.32 1.40 235 245
" 322* 1.225 " 1 1 31.12 " 31 42 " 375 9.475 " 9 9 240.67 " 240 255
" 323* 1.287 " 1 1 32.69 " 32 43 " 376 9.725 " 9 10 247.02 " 245 260
" 324* 1.350 " 1 1 34.29 " 35 45 " 377 9.975 " 10 10 253.37 " 250 265
" 325* 1.475 0.015 1 1 37.47 0.38 38 48 " 378 10.475 0.060 10 10 266.07 1.52 265 280
" 326* 1.600 " 1 2 40.64 " 40 52
" 379 10.975 " 11 11 278.77 " 275 290
" 327* 1.725 " 1 2 43.82 " 42 55
" 328* 1.850 " 1 2 46.99 " 45 58 " 380 11.475 0.065 11 11 291.47 1.65 290 305
" 381 11.975 " 12 12 304.17 " 300 315
" 329* 1.975 0.018 2 2 50.17 0.46 50 62 " 382 12.975 " 13 13 329.57 " 330 340
" 330* 2.100 " 2 2 53.34 " 52 65 " 383 13.975 0.070 14 14 354.97 1.78 350 370
" 331* 2.225 " 2 2 56.52 " 56 68
" 332* 2.350 " 2 2 59.69 " 60 70 " 384 14.975 " 15 15 380.37 " 380 395
" 333* 2.475 0.020 2 2 62.87 0.51 63 75 " 385 15.955 0.075 16 16 405.26 1.91 400 420
" 386 16.955 0.080 17 17 430.66 2.03 430 445
" 334* 2.600 " 2 3 66.04 " 65 78 " 387 17.955 0.085 18 18 456.06 2.16 455 470
" 335* 2.725 " 2 3 69.22 " 68 80 " 388 18.955 0.090 19 19 481.46 2.29 480 500
" 336* 2.850 " 2 3 72.39 " 70 83
" 619* 2.938 0.024 2 3 74.61 0.61 72 85 " 389 19.955 0.095 20 20 506.86 2.41 505 525
" 337* 2.975 " 3 3 75.57 " 75 88 " 390 20.955 " 21 21 532.26 " 530 550
" 391 21.955 0.100 22 22 557.66 2.54 555 575
" 338* 3.100 " 3 3 78.74 " 78 90 " 392 22.940 0.105 23 23 582.68 2.67 580 600
" 620* 3.141 " 79.78 " 80 92 " 393 23.940 0.110 24 24 608.08 2.79 605 625
" 339* 3.225 " 3 3 81.92 " 82 95
" 340* 3.350 " 3 3 85.09 " 85 98 " 394 24.940 0.115 25 25 633.48 2.92 630 650
" 341* 3.475 " 3 3 88.27 " 88 100 " 395 25.940 0.120 26 26 658.88 3.05 655 675
O ring Chart 50: inch and metric sizes

James INCH DIAMETERS METRIC DIAMETERS (mm)
Number Dia. B C, P, T D, Q Dia. B C D
50-425* 4.475 0.033 4 5 113.67 0.84 114 127
" 624* 4.516 " 4 5 114.70 " 115 128
" 426* 4.600 " 4 5 116.84 " 116 130
" 427* 4.725 " 4 5 120.02 " 120 135
" 428* 4.850 " 4 5 123.19 " 123 137
" 625* 4.906 0.037 4 5 124.62 0.94 125 138
" 429* 4.975 " 5 5 126.37 " 126 140
" 430* 5.100 " 5 5 129.54 " 130 145
" 431* 5.225 " 5 5 132.72 " 132 147
" 626* 5.297 " 5 5 134.54 " 135 148
" 432* 5.350 " 5 5 135.89 " 136 150
" 433* 5.475 " 5 6 139.07 " 140 155
" 434* 5.600 " 5 6 142.24 " 142 158
" 435* 5.725 " 5 6 145.42 " 145 160
" 436* 5.850 " 5 6 148.59 " 148 162
" 437* 5.975 " 6 6 151.77 " 150 165
" 872* 6.125 0.040 6 6 155.58 1.02 155 170
" 438* 6.225 " 6 6 158.12 " 158 172
" 627* 6.281 " 6 6 159.54 " 160 175 Precision moulding of seals to 2.1m (83 inch) diameter
" 874* 6.375 " 6 6 161.93 " 162 178
" 439* 6.475 " 6 7 164.47 " 165 180
" 628* 6.563 " 6 7 166.69 " 166 181
" 876* 6.625 " 6 7 168.28 " 168 182
" 440* 6.725 " 6 7 170.82 " 170 185
" 878* 6.875 " 6 7 174.63 " 175 190
" 441* 6.975 " 7 7 177.17 " 177 192 B
" 880* 7.125 0.045 7 7 180.98 1.14 180 195
" 442* 7.225 " 7 7 183.52 " 183 200
" 882* 7.375 " 7 7 187.33 " 187 202 A
" 443* 7.475 " 7 8 189.87 " 190 205
" 884* 7.625 " 7 8 193.68 " 193 208
" 444* 7.725 " 7 8 196.22 " 195 210
" 886* 7.875 " 7 8 200.03 " 200 215
" 445* 7.975 " 8 8 202.57 " 202 220
" 445A 8.225 0.055 8 8 208.92 1.40 208 225
" 446 8.475 " 8 9 215.27 " 215 230 O rings for pipe fittings
" 446A 8.725 " 8 9 221.62 " 220 240
" 447 8.975 " 9 9 227.97 " 225 245 The chart below gives details of O rings for use with inch
" 447A 9.225 " 9 9 234.32 " 235 250
" 448 9.475 " 9 10 240.67 " 240 260 Unified Standard threads. The sizes are specified in SAE AS568:
" 448A 9.725 " 9 10 247.02 " 245 265 American National Standard Aerospace size standard for O rings.
" 449 9.975 " 10 10 253.37 " 250 270
" 449A 10.225 0.060 10 10 259.72 1.52 260 275
" 450 10.475 " 10 11 266.07 " 265 280 James INCH SIZES METRIC CONVERSIONS (mm)
" 450A 10.725 " 10 11 272.42 " 270 290 Walker Diameter Inside Diameter Inside
" 451 10.975 " 11 11 278.77 " 275 295
Number Section A Diameter B Section A Diameter B
" 451A 11.225 " 11 11 285.12 " 285 300
" 452 11.475 " 11 12 291.47 " 290 310 50-901 0.056 0.003 0.185 0.005 1.42 0.08 4.70 0.13
" 452A 11.725 " 11 12 297.82 " 295 315 " 902 0.064 " 0.239 " 1.63 " 6.07 "
" 453 11.975 " 12 12 304.17 " 300 320 " 903 0.064 " 0.301 " 1.63 " 7.65 "
" 904 0.072 " 0.351 " 1.83 " 8.92 "
" 648 12.225 " 12 12 310.52 " 310 325 " 905 0.072 " 0.414 " 1.83 " 10.52 "
" 454 12.475 " 12 13 316.87 " 315 330
" 649 12.725 " 12 13 323.22 " 320 340 " 906 0.078 " 0.468 " 1.98 " 11.89 "
" 455 12.975 " 13 13 329.57 " 330 345 " 907 0.082 " 0.530 0.007 2.08 " 13.46 0.18
" 650 13.225 0.070 13 13 335.92 1.78 335 350
" 908 0.087 " 0.644 0.009 2.21 " 16.36 0.23
" 456 13.475 " 13 14 342.27 " 340 360 " 909 0.097 " 0.706 " 2.46 " 17.93 "
" 457 13.975 " 14 14 354.97 " 350 370 " 910 0.097 " 0.755 " 2.46 " 19.18 "
" 458 14.475 " 14 15 367.67 " 365 385
" 459 14.975 " 15 15 380.37 " 380 400 " 911 0.116 0.004 0.863 " 2.95 0.10 21.92 "
" 460 15.475 " 15 16 393.07 " 390 410 " 912 0.116 " 0.924 " 2.95 " 23.47 "
" 913 0.116 " 0.986 0.010 2.95 " 25.04 0.25
" 461 15.955 0.075 16 16 405.26 1.91 400 420
" 462 16.455 " 16 17 417.96 " 415 435 " 914 0.116 " 1.047 " 2.95 " 26.59 "
" 463 16.955 0.080 17 17 430.66 2.03 430 450 " 916 0.116 " 1.171 " 2.95 " 29.74 "
" 464 17.455 0.085 17 18 443.36 2.16 440 460
" 465 17.955 " 18 18 456.06 " 455 470 " 918 0.116 " 1.355 0.012 2.95 " 34.42 0.30
" 920 0.118 " 1.475 0.014 3.00 " 37.47 0.36
" 466 18.455 " 18 19 468.76 " 465 485 " 924 0.118 " 1.720 " 3.00 " 43.69 "
" 467 18.955 0.090 19 19 481.46 2.29 480 500 " 928 0.118 " 2.090 0.018 3.00 " 53.09 0.46
" 468 19.455 " 19 20 494.16 " 495 510 " 932 0.118 " 2.337 " 3.00 " 59.36 "
" 469 19.955 0.095 20 20 506.86 2.41 505 525
" 470 20.955 " 21 21 532.26 " 530 550
" 471 21.955 0.100 22 22 557.66 2.54 555 575
" 472
" 473
22.940 0.105
23.940 0.110
23
24
23
24
582.68 2.67
608.08 2.79
580
605
600
625 lease note that all James Walker Numbers with A suffix in Chart
P
" 474 24.940 0.115 25 25 633.48 2.92 630 650 50 are standard sizes in BS1806, but are not standard sizes in the
" 475 25.940 0.120 26 26 658.88 3.05 655 675
BS ISO 3601-1 that supersedes it.

O ring Chart 72: metric sizes James Diameters Flange Groove Diameters
Walker Inside Cyl. Internal Pressure External Pressure
Our Chart 72 covers: Number Dia. B C, T D V max W (H11) V (h11) W min
BS 4518: Metric dimensions of toroidal sealing rings
(O rings) and their housings. 1.6 0.08mm Diameter Section A
72-0031-16 3.1 0.15 3.5 6 1.0 6.3 3.5 7.5
" 0041-16 4.1 " 4.5 7 2.3 7.3 4.5 8.5
If the size you want is not available, please use the metric " 0051-16 5.1 " 5.5 8 3.3 8.3 5.5 9.5
" 0061-16 6.1 " 6.5 9 4.3 9.3 6.5 10.5
columns in Chart 50. " 0071-16 7.1 " 7.5 10 5.8 10.3 7.5 11.5
" 0081-16 8.1 " 8.5 11 6.8 11.3 8.5 12.5
Chart 72 back-up rings cover sizes including those in: " 0091-16 9.1 " 9.5 12 7.8 12.3 9.5 13.5
5106: Dimensions of spiral anti-extrusion back-up rings
BS " 0101-16 10.1 0.20 10.5 13 8.8 13.3 10.5 14.5
" 0111-16 11.1 " 11.5 14 9.8 14.3 11.5 15.5
and their housings. " 0121-16 12.1 " 12.5 15 10.8 15.3 12.5 16.5
" 0131-16 13.1 " 13.5 16 11.8 16.3 13.5 17.5
" 0141-16 14.1 " 14.5 17 12.8 17.3 14.5 18.5
TABLE 4: PNEUMATIC AND STATIC PLUG HOUSING DETAILS TO BS4518 " 0151-16 15.1 " 15.5 18 14.0 18.3 15.5 19.5
" 0161-16 16.1 " 16.5 19 15 19.3 16.5 20.5
For applications requiring back-up rings, use dynamic housing sizes on page 45. " 0171-16 17.1 " 17.5 20 16 20.3 17.5 21.5
PNEUMATIC STATIC PLUG " 0181-16 18.1 0.25 18.5 21 17 21.3 18.5 22.5
" 0191-16 19.1 " 19.5 22 18 22.3 19.5 23.5
Diameter Radial Groove Width E Radial " 0221-16 22.1 " 22.5 25 21 25.3 22.5 26.5
Section A Depth F O Ring Only Depth F " 0251-16 25.1 " 25.5 28 24 28.3 25.5 29.5
" 0271-16 27.1 " 27.5 30 26 30.3 27.5 31.5
2.4 2.13/2.20 3.1/3.3 1.84/1.97
3.0 2.70/2.77 3.7/3.9 2.35/2.50 " 0291-16 29.1 " 29.5 32 28 32.3 29.5 33.5
4.1 3.73/3.82 5.0/5.2 3.30/3.45 " 0321-16 32.1 0.30 32.5 35 31 35.3 32.5 36.5
5.7 5.22/5.38 6.4/6.6 4.70/4.95 " 0351-16 35.1 " 35.5 38 34 38.3 35.5 39.5
8.4 7.75/7.96 9.0/9.2 7.20/7.50 " 0371-16 37.1 " 37.5 40 36 40.3 37.5 41.5
For flange applications, the values of groove inside and outside 2.4 0.08mm Diameter Section A
diameters (V and W see Figure 10, page 44) are shown on 72-0036-24* 3.6 0.15 4 8 8.4 4 10
" 0046-24* 4.6 " 5 9 1.0 9.4 5 11
Chart 72. " 0056-24* 5.6 " 6 10 2.5 10.4 6 12
" 0066-24* 6.6 " 7 11 4.0 11.4 7 13
" 0076-24* 7.6 " 8 12 5.0 12.4 8 14
ISO 286-1 tolerances H 11, h 11 are given on page 45.
" 0086-24* 8.6 " 9 13 6.4 13.4 9 15
" 0096-24* 9.6 " 10 14 7.4 14.4 10 16
All dimensions in millimetres
All Chart 72 dimensions are in millimetres. " 0106-24* 10.6 0.20 11 15 8.4 15.4 11 17
" 0116-24* 11.6 " 12 16 9.5 16.4 12 18
" 0126-24* 12.6 " 13 17 10.5 17.4 13 19
Rings suitable for both B
" 0136-24* 13.6 " 14 18 11.5 18.4 14 20
dynamic and static " 0146-24* 14.6 " 15 19 12.5 19.4 15 21
" 0156-24* 15.6 " 16 20 13.5 20.4 16 22
applications. Other sizes A " 0166-24* 16.6 " 17 21 14.5 21.4 17 23
are not recommended for " 0176-24* 17.6 " 18 22 15.5 22.4 18 24
dynamic duties. " 0186-24 18.6 0.25 19 23 16.5 23.4 19 25
" 0196-24 19.6 " 20 24 17.5 24.4 20 26
" 0206-24 20.6 " 21 25 18.5 25.4 21 27
" 0216-24 21.6 " 22 26 19.5 26.4 22 28
" 0246-24 24.6 " 25 29 22.5 29.4 25 31
" 0276-24 27.6 " 28 32 25.5 32.4 28 34
" 0296-24 29.6 " 30 34 27.5 34.4 30 36
" 0316-24 31.6 0.30 32 36 29.5 36.4 32 38
" 0346-24 34.6 " 35 39 32.5 39.4 35 41
" 0356-24 35.6 " 36 40 33.5 40.4 36 42
" 0376-24 37.6 " 38 42 35.5 42.4 38 44
" 0396-24 39.6 " 40 44 37.5 44.4 40 46
" 0416-24 41.6 " 42 46 39.5 46.4 42 48
" 0446-24 44.6 " 45 49 42.5 49.4 45 51
" 0456-24 45.6 " 46 50 43.5 50.4 46 52
" 0476-24 47.6 " 48 52 45.5 52.4 48 54
" 0496-24 49.6 " 50 54 47.5 54.4 50 56
" 0516-24 51.6 0.40 52 56 49.5 56.4 52 58
" 0546-24 54.6 " 55 59 52.5 59.4 55 61
" 0556-24 55.6 " 56 60 53.5 60.4 56 62
" 0576-24 57.6 " 58 62 55.5 62.4 58 64
" 0586-24 58.6 " 59 63 56.5 63.4 59 65
" 0596-24 59.6 " 60 64 57.5 64.4 60 66
" 0616-24 61.6 " 62 66 59.5 66.4 62 68
" 0626-24 62.6 " 63 67 60.5 67.4 63 69
" 0646-24 64.6 " 65 69 62.5 69.4 65 71
" 0676-24 67.6 " 68 72 65.5 72.4 68 74
" 0696-24 69.6 " 70 74 67.5 74.4 70 76
O ring Chart 72: metric sizes James Diameters Flange Groove Diameters
James Diameters Flange Groove Diameters Number Dia. B C, T D V max W (H11) V (h11) W min
Number Dia. B C, T D V max W (H11) V (h11) W min 5.7 0.12mm Diameter Section A
72-0743-57* 74.3 " 75 85 71 85 75 89
3.0 0.10mm Diameter Section A " 0793-57* 79.3 " 80 90 76 90 80 94
72-0195-30* 19.5 0.25 20 25 17 25 20 28 " 0843-57* 84.3 0.50 85 95 81 95 85 99
" 0215-30* 21.5 " 22 27 19 27 22 30 " 0893-57* 89.3 " 90 100 86 100 90 104
" 0225-30* 22.5 " 23 28 20 28 23 31 " 0943-57* 94.3 " 95 105 91 105 95 109
" 0245-30* 24.5 " 25 30 22 30 25 33
" 0255-30* 25.5 " 26 31 23 31 26 34 " 0993-57* 99.3 " 100 110 96 110 100 114
" 1043-57* 104.3 " 105 115 101 115 105 119
" 0265-30* 26.5 " 27 32 24 32 27 35 " 1093-57* 109.3 " 110 120 106 120 110 124
" 0275-30* 27.5 " 28 33 25 33 28 36 " 1143-57* 114.3 " 115 125 111 125 115 129
" 0295-30* 29.5 " 30 35 27 35 30 38 " 1193-57* 119.3 " 120 130 116 130 120 134
" 0315-30* 31.5 0.30 32 37 29 37 32 40
" 0325-30* 32.5 " 33 38 30 38 33 41 " 1243-57* 124.3 0.60 125 135 121 135 125 139
" 1293-57* 129.3 " 130 140 126 140 130 144
" 0345-30* 34.5 " 35 40 32 40 35 43 " 1343-57* 134.3 " 135 145 131 145 135 149
" 0355-30* 35.5 " 36 41 33 41 36 44 " 1393-57* 139.3 " 140 150 136 150 140 154
" 0365-30* 36.5 " 37 42 34 42 37 45 " 1443-57* 144.3 " 145 155 141 155 145 159
" 0375-30* 37.5 " 38 43 35 43 38 46
" 0395-30* 39.5 " 40 45 37 45 40 48 " 1493-57 149.3 " 150 160 146 160 150 164
" 1543-57 154.3 " 155 165 151 165 155 169
" 0415-30* 41.5 " 42 47 39 47 42 50 " 1593-57 159.3 " 160 170 156 170 160 174
" 0425-30* 42.5 " 43 48 40 48 43 51 " 1643-57 164.3 " 165 175 161 175 165 179
" 0445-30* 44.5 " 45 50 42 50 45 53 " 1693-57 169.3 " 170 180 166 180 170 184
" 0495-30* 49.5 " 50 55 47 55 50 58
" 0545-30 54.5 0.40 55 60 52 60 55 63 " 1743-57 174.3 " 175 185 171 185 175 189
" 1793-57 179.3 0.80 180 190 176 190 180 194
" 0555-30 55.5 " 56 61 53 61 56 64 " 1843-57 184.3 " 185 195 181 195 185 199
" 0575-30 57.5 " 58 63 55 63 58 66 " 1893-57 189.3 " 190 200 185 199 190 204
" 0595-30 59.5 " 60 65 57 65 60 68 " 1943-57 194.3 " 195 205 190 204 195 209
" 0625-30 62.5 " 63 68 60 68 63 71
" 0645-30 64.5 " 65 70 62 70 65 73 " 1993-57 199.3 " 200 210 195 209 200 214
" 2093-57 209.3 " 210 220 205 219 210 224
" 0695-30 69.5 " 70 75 57 75 70 78 " 2193-57 219.3 " 220 230 215 229 220 234
" 0745-30 74.5 " 75 80 72 80 75 83 " 2293-57 229.3 " 230 240 225 239 230 244
" 0795-30 79.5 " 80 85 77 85 80 88 " 2393-57 239.3 " 240 250 235 249 240 254
" 0845-30 84.5 0.50 85 90 82 90 85 93
" 0895-30 89.5 " 90 95 87 95 90 98 " 2493-57 249.3 " 250 260 245 259 250 264
" 2593-57 259.3 1.00 260 270 255 269 261 274
" 0945-30 94.5 " 95 100 92 100 95 103 " 2693-57 269.3 " 270 280 265 279 271 285
" 0995-30 99.5 " 100 105 97 105 100 108 " 2793-57 279.3 " 280 290 275 289 281 295
" 1045-30 104.5 " 105 110 102 110 105 113 " 2893-57 289.3 " 290 300 285 299 291 305
" 1095-30 109.5 " 110 115 107 115 110 118
" 1145-30 114.5 " 115 120 112 120 115 123 " 2993-57 299.3 " 300 310 295 309 301 315
" 3093-57 309.3 1.50 310 320 305 319 311 325
" 1195-30 119.5 " 120 125 117 125 120 128 " 3193-57 319.3 " 320 330 315 329 321 335
" 1245-30 124.5 0.60 125 130 122 130 125 133 " 3393-57 339.3 " 340 350 335 349 341 355
" 1295-30 129.5 " 130 135 127 135 130 138 " 3593-57 359.3 " 360 370 355 369 361 375
" 1345-30 134.5 " 135 140 132 140 135 143
" 1395-30 139.5 " 140 145 137 145 140 148 " 3793-57 379.3 " 380 390 375 389 381 395
" 3893-57 389.3 " 390 400 385 399 391 405
" 1445-30 144.5 " 145 150 142 150 145 153 " 3993-57 399.3 " 400 410 395 409 401 415
" 1495-30 149.5 " 150 155 147 155 150 158 " 4193-57 419.3 2.00 420 430 415 429 422 436
" 1545-30 154.5 " 155 160 152 160 155 163 " 4393-57 439.3 " 440 450 435 449 442 456
" 1595-30 159.5 " 160 165 157 165 160 168
" 1645-30 164.5 " 165 170 162 170 165 173 " 4593-57 459.3 " 460 470 455 469 462 476
" 4793-57 479.3 " 480 490 475 489 482 496
" 1695-30 169.5 " 170 175 167 175 170 178 " 4893-57 489.3 " 490 500 485 499 492 506
" 1745-30 174.5 " 175 180 172 180 175 183 " 4993-57 499.3 " 500 510 495 509 502 516
" 1795-30 179.5 " 180 185 177 185 180 188
" 1845-30 184.5 0.80 185 190 182 190 185 193
" 1895-30 189.5 " 190 195 187 195 190 198
" 1945-30 194.5 " 195 200 192 200 195 203 8.4 0.15mm Diameter Section A
" 1995-30 199.5 " 200 205 197 205 200 208
" 2095-30 209.5 " 210 215 207 215 210 218 72-1441-84* 144.1 0.60 145 160 140 160 145 165
" 2195-30 219.5 " 220 225 217 225 220 228 " 1491-84* 149.1 " 150 165 145 165 150 170
" 2295-30 229.5 " 230 235 227 235 230 238 " 1541-84* 154.1 " 155 170 150 170 155 175
" 1591-84* 159.1 " 160 175 155 175 160 180
" 2395-30 239.5 " 240 245 237 245 240 248 " 1641-84* 164.1 " 165 180 160 180 165 185
" 2445-30 244.5 " 245 250 242 250 245 253
" 2495-30 249.5 " 250 255 247 255 250 258 " 1691-84* 169.1 " 170 185 165 185 170 190
" 1741-84* 174.1 " 175 190 170 190 175 195
" 1791-84* 179.1 " 180 195 175 195 180 200
5.7 0.12mm Diameter Section A " 1841-84* 184.1 0.80 185 200 180 200 185 205
" 1891-84* 189.1 " 190 205 185 205 190 210
72-0443-57* 44.3 0.30 45 55 41 55 45 59
" 0453-57* 45.3 " 46 56 42 56 46 60 " 1941-84* 194.1 " 195 210 190 210 195 215
" 0493-57* 49.3 " 50 60 46 60 50 64 " 1991-84* 199.1 " 200 215 195 215 200 220
" 0523-57* 52.3 0.40 53 63 49 63 53 67 " 2041-84* 204.1 " 205 220 200 220 205 225
" 0543-57* 54.3 " 55 65 51 65 55 69 " 2091-84* 209.1 " 210 225 205 225 210 230
" 2191-84* 219.1 " 220 235 215 235 220 240
" 0553-57* 55.3 " 56 66 52 66 56 70
" 0593-57* 59.3 " 60 70 56 70 60 74 " 2291-84* 229.1 " 230 245 225 245 230 250
" 0623-57* 62.3 " 63 73 59 73 63 77 " 2341-84* 234.1 " 235 250 230 250 235 255
" 0643-57* 64.3 " 65 75 61 75 65 79 " 2391-84* 239.1 " 240 255 235 255 240 260
" 0693-57* 69.3 " 70 80 66 80 70 84 " 2491-84* 249.1 " 250 265 245 265 250 270

O ring Chart 17000: inch sizes

INCH SIZES
James INCH SIZES
James INCH SIZES
James INCH SIZES
James
Walker Dias. Tol. Dias. Walker Dias. Tol. Dias. Walker Dias. Tol. Dias. Walker Dias. Tol. Dias.
Number B, C, P, T on B D, Q Number B, C, P, T on B D, Q Number B, C, P, T on B D, Q Number B, C, P, T on B D, Q
0.063 0.003" 0.125 0.004" 0.188 0.005" 0.250 0.006"

Diameter Section A Diameter Section A Diameter Section A Diameter Section A
17001 0.125 0.004 0.250 17029* 1.000 0.008 1.250 17054* 3.000 0.016 3.375 17079* 6.000 0.021 6.500
17002 0.156 " 0.281 17030* 1.063 " 1.313 17055* 3.125 " 3.500 17080* 6.250 " 6.750
17003 0.188 0.005 0.313 17031* 1.125 " 1.375 17056* 3.250 " 3.625 17081* 6 500 " 7.000
17004 0.219 " 0.344 17032* 1.188 " 1.438 17057* 3.375 " 3.750 17082* 6.750 " 7.250
17005 0.250 " 0.375 17033* 1.250 " 1.500 17058* 3.500 " 3.875 17083* 7.000 " 7.500
17006 0.281 " 0.406 17034* 1.313 " 1.563 17059* 3.625 " 4.000 17084* 7.250 0.030 7.750
17007 0.313 " 0.438 17035* 1.375 " 1.625 17060* 3.750 " 4.125 17085* 7.500 " 8.000
17008 0.344 " 0.469 17036* 1.438 " 1.688 17061* 3.875 " 4.250 17086* 7.750 " 8.250
17009 0.375 " 0.500 17037* 1.500 0.011 1.750 17062* 4.000 " 4.375
17087* 8.000 " 8.500
17010 0.406 0.006 0.531 17038* 1.563 " 1.813 17063* 4.125 " 4.500
17088 8.250 " 8.750
17011 0.438 " 0.563 17039* 1.625 " 1.875 17064* 4.250 " 4.625
17012 0.469 " 0.594 17040* 1.688 " 1.938 17065* 4.375 " 4.750 17089 8.500 " 9.000
17013 0.500 " 0.625 17041* 1.750 " 2.000 17066* 4.500 " 4.875 17090 8.750 " 9.250
17042* 1.813 " 2.063 17067* 4.625 " 5.000 17091 9.000 " 9.500
17043* 1.875 " 2.125 17068* 4.750 " 5.125 17092 9.250 " 9.750
0.094 0.003" 17093 9.500 " 10.000
Diameter Section A 17044* 1.938 " 2.188 17069* 4.875 " 5.250
17045* 2.000 " 2.250 17070* 5.000 " 5.375 17094 9.750 " 10.250
17014* 0.469 0.006 0.656
17046* 2.125 " 2.375 17071* 5.125 0.021 5.500 17095 10.000 " 10.500
17015* 0.500 " 0.688
17016* 0.531 " 0.719 17047* 2.250 " 2.500 17072* 5.250 " 5.625 17096 10.250 0.040 10.750
17017* 0.563 " 0.750 17048* 2.375 " 2.625 17073* 5.375 " 5.750 17097 10.500 " 11.000
17018* 0.594 " 0.781 17098 10.750 " 11.250
17049* 2.500 " 2.750 17074* 5.500 " 5.875
17019* 0.625 " 0.813 17050* 2.625 " 2.875 17075* 5.625 " 6.000 17099 11.000 " 11.500
17020* 0.656 " 0.844 17051* 2.750 " 3.000 17076* 5.750 " 6.125 17100 11.250 " 11.750
17021* 0.688 " 0.875 17052* 2.875 0.016 3.125 17077* 5.875 " 6.250 17101 11.500 " 12.000
17022* 0.719 " 0.906 17053* 3.000 " 3.250 17078* 6.000 " 6.375 17102 11.750 " 12.250
17023* 0.750 " 0.938 17103 12.000 " 12.500
17024* 0.781 " 0.969 If the size you want is not 17104 12.500 " 13.000
17025* 0.813 0.008 1.000
Housing details can be 17105 13.000 " 13.500
17026* 0.875 " 1.063 referred to on pages 44-45. available, please refer to the 17106 13.500 " 14.000
17027* 0.938 " 1.125 inch columns in Chart 50. 17107 14.000 " 14.500
17028* 1.000 " 1.188 17108 14.500 " 15.000
We originally developed this
inch range of O rings for Rings suitable for both 17109 15.000 " 15.500
17110 15.500 " 16.000
B the Royal Navy. However, its dynamic and static 17111 16.000 0.055 16.500
popularity has led to use in applications. Other sizes 17112 16.500 " 17.000
many industries, and this is are not recommended for 17113 17.000 " 17.500
A
reflected in it being stocked dynamic duties. 17114 17.500 " 18.000
17115 18.000 " 18.500
in our four most popular 17116 18.500 " 19.000
materials. 17117 19.000 " 19.500
17118 19.500 " 20.000
17119 20.000 0.075 20.500
17120 20.500 " 21.000
17121 21.000 " 21.500
17122 21.500 " 22.000
17123 22.000 " 22.500
17124 22.500 " 23.000
17125 23.000 " 23.500
17126 23.500 " 24.000
17127 24.000 " 24.500
O rings of non-standard sizes TABLE 5: TOLERANCES ON DIAMETER SECTION A

Production Nominal section Limits
mm / inch mm / inch
Tooling
We hold a growing inventory of around Above Up to and including
10,000 moulds. We also have one of the - 3.15 / 0.124 0.08 / 0.003
largest presses of its type in the world for 3.15 / 0.124 4.5 / 0.177 0.10 / 0.004
moulding endless rings up to 2.2m/87" 4.5 / 0.177 6 / 0.236 0.12 / 0.005
diameter. This is used to produce high 6 / 0.236 6.3 / 0.248 0.13 / 0.005
integrity seals, including those for nuclear 6.3 / 0.248 8.4 / 0.331 0.15 / 0.006
fuel transportation flasks. The nature of 8.4 / 0.331 10 / 0.394 0.21 / 0.008
such an application demands stringent 10 / 0.394 12.7 / 0.50 0.25 / 0.010
quality procedures. James Walker design
technologists worked closely with our
TABLE 6: TOLERANCES ON INSIDE DIAMETER B
customer on this successful project.
Internal diameter Limits
mm / inch mm / inch
Tolerances
Above Up to and including Nominal
B - 3 / 0.118 0.08 / 0.003
3 / 0.118 18 / 0.709 0.13 / 0.005
A 18 / 0.709 22 / 0.866 0.20 / 0.008
22 / 0.866 30 / 1.181 0.23 / 0.009
30 / 1.181 50 / 1.969 0.28 / 0.011
50 / 1.969 80 / 3.150 0.40 / 0.016
Tables 5 and 6 show the tolerances on 80 / 3.150 120 / 4.724 0.50 / 0.020
diameter section A and inside diameter B. 120 / 4.724 180 / 7.087 0.60 / 0.024
180 / 7.087 250 / 9.843 0.80 / 0.031
250 / 9.843 300 / 11.81 1.00 / 0.039
300 / 11.81 400 / 15.75 1.50 / 0.059
400 / 15.75 500 / 19.69 1.90 / 0.075
500 / 19.69 720 / 28.35 2.40 / 0.094
720 / 28.35 860 / 33.86 3.56 / 0.140
860 / 33.86 1010 / 39.76 4.06 / 0.160
1010 / 39.76 1165 / 45.87 4.57 / 0.180
1165 / 45.87 1325 / 52.17 5.08 / 0.200
1325 / 52.17 1700 / 66.95 6.00 / 0.236
1700 / 66.95 - 7.00 / 0.276

Product selection: Springsele & Teesele
Introduction
Springsele and Teesele are two seal
ranges, especially developed by James
Walker to solve problems commonly
experienced by the manufacturers and
users of oil field equipment.
Both seal types are double acting, and

will effectively seal applications that are
subjected to:
Extremes of pressure/temperature.
Attack
by oilfield media.
Large extrusion clearances.
Arduous mechanical conditions.
Teesele is capable of operating in a

dynamic mode, whereas Springsele
is recommended for static duties. Both
seals can operate at high pressures
with large extrusion gaps.
Typical applications Preferred design

These seals are used for many oil and gas Springsele is the preferred design for
duties, including: the majority of oil and gas applications
(except where the duty is dynamic and
Down-hole Teesele* should be used). This is due
Wellhead to ease of assembly of Springsele and
Surface equipment its ability to work efficiently with large
Valves, high-pressure pipelines and clearances.
riser systems.
In addition, Springsele is rapidly gaining
Both Springsele and Teesele can be: acceptance as the standard for sealing
casing seal receptacles in surface
Fitted at original equipment stage. wellheads, where it is often used in
Retrofitted in any existing housing conjunction with the James Walker FS
designed for O rings with back-up Seal (see pages 59-60).
rings.
Custom designed and manufactured to * Note: The use of Springsele in
fit non-standard housings. applications where relative motion is
experienced can result in wear or damage
to metal components due to metal-to-metal
Teesele and Springsele contact between the spring and housing.
Materials Engineering considerations Elast-O-Lion 985

The standard elastomers used for both Operation Elastomeric materials Min operating temp: 55C (67F)
Springsele and Teesele are: have a very high bulk modulus and are Max operating temp: +160C (+320F)
virtually incompressible. Therefore, when FR25/90
Elast-O-Lion 101 a Springsele or Teesele is installed, the Min operating temp: 41C (42F)
FR58/90 elastomeric element is deformed slightly in Max operating temp: +200C (+392F)
its housing to give a predetermined level
In addition, Elast-O-Lion 985 and of radial seal compression. The resulting Both Springsele and Teesele have been
FR25/90 are used for low-temperature force provides positive fluid sealing at zero validated statically at: 1550bar (22,500psi)
duties, but tooling charges usually apply. system pressure. and +140C (+285F) in high temperature oil.
Other custom materials are available.
Springseles of Elast-O-Lion 101 have also
Springsele Teesele
Elast-O-Lion 101 Hydrogenated nitrile been validated by customers under full
(HNBR). This elastomer provides high API6A PR2 procedures. The most extreme
mechanical strength and wear-resistant validation was at 69MPa (10,000psi) from
properties. It has good resistance to many 29C (20F) to +177C (+350F).
oilfield chemicals including H2S and amine Seals in their housing/groove.
corrosion inhibitors. It is also resistant to Groove fill Both Springsele and Teesele
rapid gas decompression and is approved are designed to operate with higher levels
to many RGD specifications. of groove fill than conventional O rings
and O ring/back-up systems. It has been
FR58/90 Fluoroelastomer: Viton B proven that high groove fill can enhance
(FKM). This has excellent chemical and Seals in housing/groove and positioned RGD resistance.
thermal properties, and is RGD resistant in on shaft or in cylinder. This creates initial
hydrocarbon applications. It is approved sealing force at zero system pressure. Seal stretch Springsele is designed to
and specified by many oil producers and be stretch-fitted into a groove on external
equipment manufacturers. applications, and compression-fitted into
a groove in internal applications. In certain
Elast-O-Lion 985 Hydrogenated nitrile circumstances seals can be retrofitted into
(HNBR). This grade offers improved low- non-standard housings, but advice should
temperature capability, although with When system pressure is applied, the be sought from our Technical Support
reduced mechanical properties and RGD elastomeric component deforms further Team. Teesele uses rigid plastic back-
resistance compared to Elast-O-Lion 101. but, because of the initial squeeze, the up rings, and a standard seal cannot be
sealing force always exceeds the force retrofitted into a non-standard housing.
FR25/90 Fluoroelastomer (FKM). This exerted on the seal by the fluid. Non-standard seals in both formats can be
material combines an improved low made to order.
temperature capability with excellent This deformation moves the Springsele
thermal and chemical properties. It has anti-extrusion spring into the clearance Seal squeeze (radial compression)
excellent RGD resistant properties in gap on the housings low-pressure side. Both products are designed with a
hydrocarbon applications. With Teesele, the anti-extrusion ring is higher level of squeeze than conventional
activated by system pressure. These O rings. This helps to improve the low
Springsele anti-extrusion springs actions effectively prevent extrusion. temperature sealing performance and
Toroidal wound springs of corrosion- RGD resistance, and caters for housing
resistant materials. Options are stainless offset in duties with large extrusion
steel to BS EN 10270-3-1.4401 (formerly Product operating capabilities clearances.
Grade 316 S42), or nickel-based Alloy The materials of construction dictate
600 (UNS N06600). temperature capability in air, as follows: Installation Both products are easy
to install, even in a blind recess. The
Teesele anti-extrusion elements Elast-O-Lion 101 use of integral anti-extrusion springs
Precision machined in virgin polyether- Min operating temp: 29C (20F) in Springsele eliminates the risk of
etherketone (PEEK 450G). This rigid Max operating temp: +160C (+320F) these elements becoming dislodged or
thermoplastic engineering polymer is Note: short excursions to +180C damaged during assembly. Teeseles anti-
highly resistant to chemical attack and (+356F) can be sustained. extrusion elements are bi-directional to
wear at high temperatures. Other materials FR58/90 prevent incorrect installation.
are also available including various filled Min operating temp: 27C (17F)
grades of PTFE. Max operating temp: +210C (+410F) With both seals, particularly when
subjected to stab-in, metal components
require 15 to 30 degree lead-in chamfers.

How to specify and order Part numbering convention

A three-section numbering convention (typically JW458-459M-2A1) is used to define
Seal sizes and configurations fully each standard Springsele or Teesele. This part number should be quoted when
Springsele and Teesele are available specifying or ordering the standard seals.
in many sizes and configurations. The
standard ranges fit housings for O rings Springsele part numbering
to SAE AS568 and BS ISO 3601 (charts Seal type
on pages 57-58). JW448 Internal/rod seal
JW449 External/piston seal
Within these charts are a number of seal
configurations according to the axial Seal size
dimensions of the housing and the mode Eg: 342 Use the SAE AS568/BS ISO 3601-1 Class A housing dimension
of operation: or 459M reference from Standard Springsele & Teesele Range chart on page 58.
Seal size (AS 568-xxx) where xxx Groove axial depth
defines the housing ID and/or OD and/ 1 Short Groove depth reference from the
or seal radial section. 2 Intermediate Housing Groove Design Dimensions
Seal axial dimension (long, intermediate 3 Long chart on page 57.
or short) according to whether the Elastomer
housing is an O ring housing designed A FR58/90
for use with or without back-ups, or B Elast-O-Lion 101
designed according to available space. C Elast-O-Lion 985
Long axial housing depths are preferred D FR25/90
as they minimise the risk of seal rotation
during assembly and/or operation. Anti-extrusion springs
Configuration (piston or rod), according 1 Stainless steel to BS EN 10270-3-1.4401 (formerly Grade 316 S42)
to whether seal has external or internal 2 Alloy 600 (UNS N06600)
sealing bulges.
Teesele part numbering
Supply philosophy
There are thousands of potential variants Seal type
within a standard such as SAE AS 568 JW458 Internal/rod seal
or BS ISO 3601-1 Class A. To meet the JW459 External/piston seal
vast majority of customers applications,
Seal size
we have invested in fast manufacturing
Eg: 342 Use the SAE AS568/BS ISO 3601-1 Class A housing dimension
techniques to offer compressed lead times
or 459M reference from Standard Springsele & Teesele Range chart on page 58.
for this vital range of products.
Groove axial depth
Preferred configuration: 1 Short Groove depth reference from the
External Springsele for long housings, 2 Intermediate Housing Groove Design Dimensions
in Elast-O-Lion 101, with stainless steel 3 Long chart on page 57.
anti-extrusion springs.
Elastomer
A FR58/90
In addition, we make the following
B Elast-O-Lion 101
commitments to our customers. We will:
C Elast-O-Lion 985
Holdstocks of the most popular D FR25/90
400 series parts in our preferred
Plastic anti-extrusion elements
configuration.
Not charge mould/tooling costs for
1 PEEKTM 450G
400 series parts, and look to waive
mould/tooling charges for other Example: Part number JW449-342-3B1 therefore defines a Springsele external/piston
sizes where significant volumes are seal to fit a long groove, with 4.000-inch (101.6mm) OD and 3.625-inch (92.08mm) ID,
required. the seal body is Elast-O-Lion 101 hydrogenated nitrile, containing two anti-extrusion
Hold stocks locally according to elements of stainless steel.
customer demand.
Design and manufacture custom Similarly, JW458-459M-2A1 defines a Teesele internal/rod seal, to fit an intermediate
parts specifically for your application. groove, with 15.750-inch (400.05mm) OD and 15.250-inch (387.35mm) ID, the seal body
is fluoroelastomer FR58/90 fitted with two anti-extrusion elements of PEEK 450G.
Housing groove design details for O rings conforming to SAE AS568 and BS ISO 3601
Housing groove design details for O rings conforming to SAE AS568 and BS ISO 3601
HOUSINGGROOVEDIMENSIONS
SEAL
NOMINAL GROOVE TOTALDIAMETRAL EXTRUSION CORNER RADII
SECTION GROOVE CLEARANCE: G
RADIAL
AXIALDEPTH: E
WIDTH:F TEESELE SPRINGSELE BASE: H max. OUTER: J
inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm inch mm
0.260 6.6
LONG 0.010 0.25
0.256 6.5
0.201 5.1 0.094 2.39 0.010 0.25
0.103 2.62 INTER 0.004 0.11 N/A 0.031 0.80
0.197 5.0 0.091 2.31 0.005 0.13
0.146 3.7
SHORT N/A
0.138 3.5
0.311 7.9
LONG
0.303 7.7
0.012 0.30
0.252 6.4 0.125 3.18 0.010 0.25
0.139 3.53 INTER 0.006 0.15 0.031 0.80
0.244 6.2 0.122 3.10 0.005 0.13
0.193 4.9
SHORT N/A
0.185 4.7
0.425 10.8
LONG 0.417 10.6
0.354 9.0 0.188 4.78 0.010 0.25
0.210 5.33 INTER 0.009 0.22 0.014 0.35 0.031 0.80
0.346 8.8 0.184 4.67 0.005 0.13
0.283 7.2
SHORT
0.276 7.0
0.583 14.8
LONG
0.575 14.6
0.480 12.2 0.250 6.35 0.010 0.25
0.275 6.99 INTER 0.012 0.30 0.016 0.40 0.031 0.80
0.472 12.0 0.245 6.22 0.005 0.13
0.378 9.6
SHORT 0.370 9.4

Seal size codes refer to those detailed in SAE AS568 and BS ISO 3601-1
0.103" (2.62mm) Section Seal 0.139" (3.53mm) Section Seal 0.210" (5.33mm) Section Seal 0.275" (6.99mm) Section Seal
BS/ HOUSING DIMENSIONS BS/ HOUSING DIMENSIONS BS/ HOUSING DIMENSIONS BS/ HOUSING DIMENSIONS
SAE inch mm SAE inch mm SAE inch mm SAE inch mm
REF D C D C REF D C D C REF D C D C REF D C D C
104 0.313 0.125 7.94 3.18 828 2.063 1.813 52.39 46.04 338 3.500 3.125 88.90 79.38 440 7.250 6.750 184.15 171.45
105 0.344 0.156 8.74 3.96 225 2.125 1.875 53.98 47.63 339 3.625 3.250 92.08 82.55 878 7.375 6.875 187.33 174.63
106 0.375 0.188 9.53 4.76 829 2.156 1.906 54.77 48.42 340 3.750 3.375 95.25 85.73 441 7.500 7.000 190.50 177.80
107 0.406 0.219 10.31 5.56 830 2.188 1.938 55.56 49.21 341 3.875 3.500 98.43 88.90 880 7.625 7.125 193.68 180.98
108 0.438 0.250 11.11 6.35 226 2.250 2.000 57.15 50.80 342 4.000 3.625 101.60 92.08 442 7.750 7.250 196.85 184.15
109 0.500 0.313 12.70 7.94 831 2.281 2.031 57.94 51.59 343 4.125 3.750 104.78 95.25 882 7.875 7.375 200.03 187.33
110 0.563 0.375 14.29 9.53 832 2.313 2.063 58.74 52.39 344 4.250 3.875 107.95 98.43 443 8.000 7.500 203.20 190.50
111 0.625 0.438 15.88 11.11 227 2.375 2.125 60.33 53.98 345 4.375 4.000 111.13 101.60 884 8.125 7,625 206.38 193.68
112 0.688 0.500 17.46 12.70 833 2.406 2.156 61.12 54.77 346 4.500 4.125 114.30 104.78 444 8.250 7.750 209.55 196.85
113 0.750 0.563 19.05 14.29 834 2.438 2.188 61.91 55.56 347 4.625 4.250 117.48 107.95
886 8.375 7.875 212.73 200.03
114 0.813 0.625 20.64 15.88 228 2.500 2.250 63.50 57.15 348 4.750 4.375 120.65 111.13
445 8.500 8.000 215.90 203.20
115 0.875 0.688 22.23 17.46 835 2.531 2.281 64.29 57.94 349 4.875 4.500 123.83 114.30
836 2.563 2.313 65.09 58.74 350 5.000 4.625 127.00 117.48 445X 8.750 8.250 222.25 209.55
116 0.938 0.750 23.81 19.05
117 1.000 0.813 25.40 20.64 229 2.625 2.375 66.68 60.33 351 5.125 4.750 130.18 120.65 446 9.000 8.500 228.60 215.90
118 1.063 0.875 26.99 22.23 837 2.656 2.406 67.47 61.12 861 5.188 4.813 131.76 122.24 446M 9.125 8.625 231.78 219.08
119 1.125 0.938 28.58 23.81 838 2.688 2.438 68.26 61.91 352 5.250 4.875 133.35 123.83 446X 9.250 8.750 234.95 222.25
120 1.188 1.000 30.16 25.40 230 2.750 2.500 69.85 63.50 862 5.313 4.938 134.94 125.41 446B 9.375 8.875 238.13 225.43
121 1.250 1.063 31.75 26.99 839 2.781 2.531 70.64 64.29 353 5.375 5.000 136.53 127.00 447 9.500 9.000 241.30 228.60
122 1.313 1.125 33.34 28.58 840 2.813 2.563 71.44 65.09 863 5.438 5.063 138.11 128.59 447M 9.625 9.125 244.48 231.78
123 1.375 1.188 34.93 30.16 231 2.875 2.625 73.03 66.68 354 5.500 5.125 139.70 130.18 447X 9.750 9.250 247.65 234.95
124 1.438 1.250 36.51 31.75 841 2.906 2.656 73.82 67.47 864 5.563 5.188 141.29 131.76 447B 9.875 9.375 250.83 238.13
125 1.500 1.313 38.10 33.34 842 2.938 2.688 74.61 68.26 355 5.625 5.250 142.88 133.35 448 10.000 9.500 254.00 241.30
126 1.563 1.375 39.69 34.93 232 3.000 2.750 76.20 69.85 865 5.688 5.313 144.46 134.94 448M 10.125 9.625 257.18 244.48
127 1.625 1.438 41.28 36.51 843 3.031 2.781 76.99 70.64 356 5.750 5.375 146.05 136.53 448X 10.250 9.750 260.35 247.65
128 1.688 1.500 42.86 38.10 844 3.063 2.813 77.79 71.44 866 5.813 5.438 147.64 138.11 449 10.500 10.000 266.70 254.00
129 1.750 1.563 44.45 39.69 233 3.125 2.875 79.38 73.03 357 5.875 5.500 149.23 139.70 449X 10.750 10.250 273.05 260.35
130 1.813 1.625 46.04 41.28 845 3.156 2.906 80.17 73.82 867 5.938 5.563 150.81 141.29 450 11.000 10.500 279.40 266.70
131 1.875 1.688 47.63 42.86 846 3.188 2.938 80.96 74.61 358 6.000 5.625 152.40 142.88 450X 11.250 10.750 285.75 273.05
132 1.938 1.750 49.21 44.45 234 3.250 3.000 82.55 76.20 868 6.068 5.688 153.99 144.46 450B 11.375 10.875 288.93 276.23
133 2.000 1.813 50.80 46.04 235 3.375 3.125 85.73 79.38 359 6.125 5.750 155.58 146.05
451 11.500 11.000 292.10 279.40
134 2.063 1.875 52.39 47.63 236 3.500 3.250 88.90 82.55 869 6.188 5.813 157.163 147.64
451X 11.750 11.250 298.45 285.75
135 2.125 1.938 53.98 49.21 237 3.625 3.375 92.08 85.73 360 6.250 5.875 158.75 149.23
452 12.000 11.500 304.80 292.10
136 2.188 2.000 55.56 50.80 238 3.750 3.500 95.25 88.90 870 6.313 5.938 160.34 150.81
137 2.250 2.063 57.15 52.39 239 3.875 3.625 98.43 92.08 361 6.375 6.000 161.93 152.40 452M 12.125 11.625 307.98 295.28
138 2.313 2.125 58.74 53.98 240 4.000 3.750 101.60 95.25 644 6.500 6.125 165.10 155.58 452X 12.250 11.750 311.15 298.45
139 2.375 2.188 60.33 55.56 241 4.125 3.875 104.78 98.43 362 6.625 6.250 168.28 158.75 453 12.500 12.000 317.50 304.80
140 2.438 2.250 61.91 57.15 242 4.250 4.000 107.95 101.60 645 6.750 6.375 171.45 161.93 648 12.750 12.250 323.85 311.15
141 2.500 2.313 63.50 58.74 243 4.375 4.125 111.13 104.78 363 6.875 6.500 174.63 165.10 453B 12.875 12.375 327.03 314.33
142 2.563 2.375 65.09 60.33 244 4.500 4.250 114.30 107.95 646 7.000 6.625 177.80 168.28 454 13.000 12.500 330.20 317.50
143 2.625 2.438 66.68 61.91 245 4.625 4.375 117.48 111.13 364 7.125 6.750 180.98 171.45 454M 13.125 12.625 333.38 320.68
144 2.688 2.500 68.26 63.50 246 4.750 4.500 120.65 114.30 647 7.250 6.875 184.15 174.63 649 13.250 12.750 336.55 323.85
145 2.750 2.563 69.85 65.09 247 4.875 4.625 123.83 117.48 365 7.375 7.000 187.33 177.80 455 13.500 13.000 342.90 330.20
146 2.813 2.625 71.44 66.68 248 5.000 4.750 127.00 120.65 366 7.625 7.250 193.68 184.15 650 13.750 13.250 349.25 336.55
147 2.875 2.688 73.03 68.26 249 5.125 4.875 130.18 123.83 367 7.875 7.500 200.03 190.50 456 14.000 13 500 355.60 342.90
148 2.938 2.750 74 61 69 85 250 5.250 5.000 133.35 127.00 368 8.125 7.750 206.38 196.85 456X 14.250 13.750 361.95 349.25
149 3.000 2.813 76.20 71.44 251 5.375 5.125 136.53 130.18 369 8.375 8.000 212.73 203.20 457 14.500 14.000 368.30 355.60
150 3.063 2.875 77.79 73.03 252 5.500 5.250 139.70 133.35 0.275"(6.99mm) Section Seal 457B 14.875 14.375 377.83 365.13
0.139" (3.53 mm) Section Seal 253 5.625 5.375 142.88 136.53 458 15.000 14.500 381.00 368.30
254 5.750 5.500 146.05 139.70 425 5.000 4.500 127.00 114.30
203 0.563 0.313 14.29 7.94 624 5.063 4.563 128.59 115.89 459 15.500 15.000 393.70 381.00
255 5.875 5.625 149.23 142.88
204 0.625 0.375 15.88 9.53 426 5.125 4.625 130.18 117.48 459M 15.750 15.250 400.05 387.35
256 6.000 5.750 152.40 146.05
205 0.688 0.438 17.46 11.11 427 5.250 4.750 133.35 120.65 460 16.000 15.500 406.40 393.70
257 6.125 5.875 155.58 149.23
206 0.750 0.500 19.05 12.70 428 5.375 4.875 136.53 123.83 460X 16.250 15.750 412.75 400.05
258 6.250 6.000 158.75 152.40
207 0.813 0.563 20.64 14.29 625 5.438 4.938 138.11 125.41 461 16.500 16.000 419.10 406.40
208 0.875 0.625 22.23 15.88 0.210"(5.33mm) Section Seal 429 5.500 5.000 139.70 127.00 461B 16.875 16.375 428.63 415.93
209 0.938 0.688 23.81 17.46 325 1.875 1.500 47.63 38.10 430 5.625 5.125 142.88 130.18 462 17.000 16.500 431.80 419.10
210 1.000 0.750 25.40 19.05 325X 1.938 1.563 49.21 39.69 431 5.750 5.250 146.05 133.35 463 17.500 17.000 444.50 431.80
211 1.063 0.813 26.99 20.64 326 2.000 1.625 50.80 41.28 626 5.813 5.313 147.64 134.94 464 18.000 17.500 457.20 444.50
212 1.125 0.875 28.58 22.23 326X 2.063 1.688 52.39 42.86 432 5.875 5.375 149.23 136.53 465 18.500 18.000 469.90 457.20
213 1.188 0.938 30.16 23.81 327 2.125 1.750 53.98 44.45 433 6.000 5.500 152.40 139.70 466 19.000 18.500 482.60 469.90
214 1.250 1.000 31.75 25.40 328 2.250 1.875 57.15 47.63 434 6.125 5.625 155.58 142.88 466X 19.250 18.750 488.95 476.25
215 1.313 1.063 33.34 26.99 329 2.375 2.000 60.33 50.80 435 6.250 5.750 158.75 146.05
466B 19.375 18.875 492.13 479.43
216 1.375 1.125 34.93 28.58 330 2.500 2.125 63.50 53.98 436 6.375 5.875 161.93 149.23
467 19.500 19.000 495.30 482.60
217 1.438 1.188 36.51 30.16 330X 2.563 2.188 65.09 55.56 437 6.500 6.000 165.10 152.40
468 20.000 19.500 508.00 495.30
218 1.500 1.250 38.10 31.75 331 2.625 2.250 66.68 57.15 872 6.625 6.125 168.28 155.58
332 2.750 2.375 69.85 60.33 438 6.750 6.250 171.45 158.75 469 20.500 20.000 520.70 508.00
219 1.563 1.313 39.69 33.34
220 1.625 1.375 41.28 34.93 333 2.875 2.500 73.03 63.50 627 6.813 6.313 173.04 160.34 470 21.500 21.000 546.10 533.40
221 1.688 1.438 42.86 36.51 334 3.000 2.625 76.20 66.68 874 6.875 6.375 174.63 161.93 471 22.500 22.000 571.50 558.80
222 1.750 1.500 44.45 38.10 335 3.125 2.750 79.38 69.85 439 7.000 6.500 177.80 165.10 472 23.500 23.000 596.90 584.20
223 1.875 1.625 47.63 41.28 335X 3.188 2.813 80.96 71.44 628 7.063 6.563 179.39 166.69 473 24.500 24.000 622.30 609.60
224 2.000 1.750 50.80 44.45 336 3.250 2.875 82.55 73.03 876 7.125 6.625 180.98 168.28 474 25.500 25.000 647.70 635.00
827 2.031 1.781 51.59 45.24 337 3.375 3.000 85.73 76.20 439B 7.188 6.688 182.56 169.86 475 26.500 26.000 673.10 660.40
NOTE: Springsele is NOT available in those sizes shown in red. Teesele may be available in the sizes shown in red, depending on the
materials of construction and their suitability for specific applications.
Product selection: FS Casing & Tubing Seal
Introduction Operating features rapid gas decompression resistance and

The combination of design, materials and broad temperature capability.
James Walkers FS Casing & Tubing construction ensures that high-performance Elast-O-Lion 101 is a premier rapid gas
Seal has been specially developed by FS units retain their sealing integrity under decompression resistant hydrogenated
experts in high performance elastomer adverse conditions, including: nitrile. Elast-O-Lion 985 is proven for use
seal technology for arduous duties Stab-in operations. in very low temperature applications whilst
where there are large clearances Wide ranges of temperature and exhibiting good rapid gas decompression
between mating parts of wellhead and pressure. resistance.
associated assemblies. Chemically aggressive and highly
Toroidal springs (anti-extrusion):
abrasive oilfield media. standard material is stainless steel to
It has been tested in accordance with
API requirements for use on surface BS EN 10270-3-1.4401 (formerly
Operating conditions to API Grade 316 S42). Nickel-based Alloy
wellhead-to-casing systems, where the
requirements 600 (UNS N06600) is also available.
seal can readily replace metal end cap
The FS Casing & Tubing Seal has
and plastic pack sealing arrangements.
undergone DNV witnessed tests on rough Installation
casings according to API 6A, appendix FS seals are system pressure energised
F, PR2 procedures. It is suitable for and designed to accommodate the OD
pressures to 69MPa (10,000psi) and has tolerances and surface finish of API 5CT
an operating temperature range of 29C
casing and tubing. The stab-in end of the
to +177C (20F to +350F).
casing needs just simple hand-ground
chamfered end preparation before
Construction
insertion.
Precision moulded in rapid gas
decompression resistant hydrogenated The flexibility of the seal, combined with the
nitrile (HNBR) elastomers, with anti- benefits of securely mould-bonded springs,
extrusion capability provided by two help to simplify the fitting operation and
toroidal springs mould bonded into the ensure correct location in housings.
outer edges of the primary sealing face. FS Casing & Tubing Seals can be
Inherent flexibility simplifies the fitting retrofitted to many conventional P-seal
of FS seals Materials selection housings with minor modifications to
HNBR elastomers: Elast-O-Lion 101 or the ports. The seals offer reductions in
Elast-O-Lion 985. Both grades are well installation time without the need for
proven for toughness, wear resistance, separate pack-off operations.

Product selection: FS Casing & Tubing Seal
Installation diagram
Please refer to Standard range chart
below for casing/tubing, bore and housing
details.
Machined surfaces: 1.6m (64 inch) Ra

maximum.
(0.52mm/0.26mm x 45)
Standard range chart
JW101 prefix denotes Elast-O-Lion
101 elastomer with stainless steel anti-
extrusion components. For variant with
Elast-O-Lion 985 elastomer, quote JW985
prefix.
* Note: Suitable for casing diameter

(0.25mm)
tolerances in accordance with API
Specification 5CT.
Elast-O-Lion 101 Elast-O-Lion 985 Nominal BB Bore DD Housing

J.W. Drawing J.W. Drawing Casing Size Depth
Number Number (* see Note) inch mm inch mm
JW101-02875 JW985-02875 * 2" 4.063 103.19 0.835 21.21
JW101-03500 JW985-03500 * 3" 4.688 119.06 0.835 21.21
JW101-04000 JW985-04000 * 4" 5.250 133.35 0.835 21.21
JW101-04500 JW985-04500 * 4" 5.750 146.05 0.835 21.21
JW101-04750 JW985-04750 4" 6.000 152.40 0.835 21.21
JW101-05000 JW985-05000 * 5" 6.250 158.75 0.835 21.21
JW101-05500 JW985-05500 * 5" 6.750 171.45 0.835 21.21
JW101-05750 JW985-05750 5" 7.000 177.80 0.835 21.21
JW101-06000 JW985-06000 6" 7.250 184.15 0.835 21.21
JW101-06625 JW985-06625 * 6" 7.875 200.03 0.835 21.21
JW101-07000 JW985-07000 * 7" 8.250 209.55 0.835 21.21
JW101-07625 JW985-07625 * 7" 8.875 225.43 0.835 21.21
JW101-07750 JW985-07750 * 7" 9.000 228.60 0.835 21.21
JW101-08625 JW985-08625 * 8" 9.875 250.83 0.835 21.21
JW101-09000 JW985-09000 9" 10.250 260.35 0.835 21.21
JW101-09625 JW985-09625 * 9" 10.875 276.23 0.835 21.21
JW101-09875 JW985-09875 9" 11.125 282.58 0.835 21.21
JW101-10750 JW985-10750 * 10" 12.000 304.80 1.000 25.40
JW101-11750 JW985-11750 * 11" 13.125 333.38 1.000 25.40
JW101-11875 JW985-11875 11" 13.250 336.56 1.000 25.40
JW101-13375 JW985-13375 * 13" 14.750 374.65 1.000 25.40
JW101-13625 JW985-13625 13" 15.000 381.00 1.000 25.40
JW101-14000 JW985-14000 14" 15.375 390.53 1.000 25.40
JW101-16000 JW985-16000 * 16" 17.375 441.33 1.000 25.40
JW101-18625 JW985-18625 * 18" 20.000 508.00 1.000 25.40
JW101-20000 JW985-20000 * 20" 22.063 560.39 1.563 39.69
JW101-24000 JW985-24000 24" 26.063 662.00 1.563 39.69
JW101-30000 JW985-30000 30" 32.063 814.40 1.563 39.69
Seal failure modes & analysis
Seal failure is always unwelcome and, if In reality, seal and material selection for seal life prediction have enabled
unpredictable, can be very costly. Recent may well be a compromise due to the end-users and seal manufacturers to
advances in seal life prediction techniques multitude of parameters that have to understand better and plan for this type
have enabled scheduled maintenance be accommodated. In these instances of degradation. These techniques,
and seal replacement to occur at some pre- a degree of deterioration is inevitable, which are generally Arrhenius based,
defined damage level prior to seal failure. requiring failure risk analysis and take a variety of forms according to
preventative maintenance schedules to individual research and will not be
Because seal life predictions are usually be managed rigorously. Neither of these discussed further here. The following
based on Arrhenius principles, they only subjects will be discussed further here. however describes the main failure modes
consider time/temperature dependent that they measure.
chemical (and occasionally physical) Seal failure is generally identified
effects. As such, catastrophic seal failure through excessive fluid leakage. This is Compression set (and stress relaxation)
still occurs all too frequently because caused either by a loss of seal Compression set can be simply described
there are numerous non-time/temperature/ interference (or seal contact stress), or as the ability of a seal to recover from
chemical modes of seal failure and by loss of seal integrity (generally some an imposed strain. Stress relaxation is a
material degradation. form of physical damage). The causes of measure of the ability of a seal to maintain
these may be classified under a number of contact stress.
Here we consider the various modes and headings:
causes of elastomeric seal failure and Time/temperature dependent physical While there is ongoing research and
degradation, and the ways in which they and chemical degradation debate into the relationship between
are analysed. Additionally, the diagrams Housing effects compression set and stress relaxation,
and photographs shown will provide Application effects one thing is certain high stress relaxation
frontline engineers with a tool enabling Rapid gas decompression and/or high compression set are not
preliminary assessment of seal failures, Storage and handling effects conducive to effective long term sealing.
with the prospect that remedial action Manufacturing defects
might be performed earlier. Wear and fatigue The magnitude of these effects is highly
Thermal cycling effects. affected by temperature and the fluid
Introduction environment. Low values are essential to
Catastrophic seal failure or severe seal Seal failure in the majority of cases can maintain effective sealing, whereas high
deterioration can cause very expensive be recognised by an obvious change in values equate to a loss of seal interference
plant downtime or worse! Here are a few appearance whereby the failure mode and may result in bypass leakage. It is
examples of the losses associated with the can be analysed. In other instances worth noting that under certain conditions
unplanned replacement of seals: there may be no apparent damage to compression set values in excess of 100
Stern gland seals in an ocean liner in a seal and failure has to be assessed per cent may be encountered.
excess of 50,000. from background knowledge of material
Changing out seals in an MWD up to response under particular environmental The effects of compression set are clear
150,000. rgimes. in an O ring, as can be seen in Figure
Replacing a PBR seal stack up to 14 below. However, in seals of more
1M. In an ideal world, seal failure analysis complicated profile, knowledge of original
Shut-down of a nuclear power station would be performed with knowledge of dimensions is often required.
7M per day. all system variables such as material
design, seal and housing design, precise
With these costs in mind it is essential environmental conditions, cycling
that seal failure analysis and subsequent conditions and length of seal service.
remedial action is taken both rapidly and In the real world, however, few of these
accurately. are known and failure analysis is based
on experience combined with certain
Many factors influence seal failure: analytical techniques. An additional
Material selection complication is that seal failure is often the
Material processing result of a number of factors, rather than
Seal design by one in isolation.
Housing design
Storage Time/temperature dependent physical
Seal inspection and chemical degradation
Fitting techniques Seal failure occurs most frequently under
System change or inadequate system this category, as it encompasses the
definition interaction of the seal and seal material
Human errors! with its environment. Modern techniques Figure 14

Volume swell Thermal expansion and contraction cause gross chemical degradation.
This is a combination of chemical Like all materials, elastomers expand and Therefore it is important that, prior to
and physical interaction (see entry on contract when exposed to elevated or low material selection, full environmental data
Chemical degradation). All fluids interact temperatures to an extent governed by are provided, regardless of the apparent
including polymers to an extent that coefficients of thermal expansion. These insignificance of some components.
is dictated by a multitude of cohesion effects must be compensated for at the
parameters. design stage to prevent leakage through Radiation, free radicals and many
loss of seal interference or extrusion chemical species can cause material
Volume swell of less than 20 per cent damage due to groove overfill. It should degradation. It is ironic that many of
is not usually a problem, particularly be noted that volumetric thermal expansion the chemicals used in the oil industry to
in static applications where it can be coefficients for elastomers are at least an prevent metalwork corrosion or enhance
beneficial in increasing or maintaining seal order of magnitude higher than those for yields are in fact extremely aggressive to
interference and countering such effects steels. elastomers. Common chemical species
as compression set. Higher levels of encountered in the oil industry which
volume swell see Figure 15 below may Compression fracture cause elastomer degradation are:
cause failure because of loss of physical If seals are over-compressed, due Water!
properties, groove overfill, seal extrusion to either poor seal/housing design Oxygen
and in some cases metalwork fracture. or excessive volume swell/thermal Ozone
expansion, compressive fracture may Sour gases (H2S)
occur in the plane parallel to the applied Acids
force. On occasions this failure mode Bases
may be confused with certain types Corrosion inhibitors (eg, amines)
of rapid gas decompression failure Mercaptans
(see page 65). However, compression Peroxides
fracture as shown in Figure 16 is a Brines (especially heavy brines).
very rare occurrence. It is large retained
deformations that differentiate this failure Figures 17 and 18 below show the overt
mode from rapid gas decompression characteristics of some forms of chemical
failure. degradation/attack. Other forms may not
be so obvious and require identification
by analytical techniques such as infrared
Figure 15 spectroscopy (eg, hydrolysis of NBR or
HNBR).
Physical property changes that are

frequently associated with volume
swell, particularly at high levels, are seal
softening and reduction of mechanical
properties such as tensile and tear
strengths. These effects reduce the ability Figure 17
of a seal to resist extrusion into housing
clearances. If groove overfill is a result of
high volume swell, extrusion into the high-
Figure 16
pressure clearance may result as well as
the more conventional extrusion on the
low pressure side (see page 63). Chemical degradation
The effects of chemical degradation
Seal shrinkage (unlike physical swell) are irreversible
Many elastomer compounds contain and are manifested in a number of ways Figure 18
ingredients that are designed to leach depending on the elastomer and the
out over time, or that under certain chemical environment. These may range
conditions may be extracted or volatilised. from hardening or softening, surface Housing effects
If this is not compensated for by volume crazing and large property change, to These effects are often the most obvious
swell, the resultant seal shrinkage may fracture, complete fragmentation or even when analysing seal failure, and are
cause a reduction in or total loss of dissolution. usually the easiest to remedy. It is
seal interference, thereby allowing important however not to confuse certain
bypass leakage. Failures caused this way In some instances, very low levels of a of these with rapid gas decompression
are rare. chemical (fractions of a percent) can damage as frequently happens.
Extrusion damage Shaving effect

This occurs when housing clearances This is normally associated with a
are too large or when a seal that has no continuous application of pressure, and
(or inadequate) anti-extrusion elements most often occurs with O rings and other
is forced into or through a clearance. designs that may rotate in a housing. Here
This may be observed around the whole the seal is forced into a clearance and,
circumference of a seal, or may be limited with time, unwinds into that clearance:
to a portion of a seal where housing offset hence the shaving effect. The result of
has occurred. It manifests itself in various Figure 21 this is shown in Figure 24 below and
forms and is normally evident on the schematically in Figure 25.
low-pressure side unless swell, thermal
expansion or pressure trapping (see page Nibbling
65) has occurred. This type of damage shown in Figure
22 and schematically in Figure 23
Classical extrusion into a small clearance is normally observed when pressure
occurs over medium to long periods of cycling occurs. When system pressure
time and results in lace-like debris see is applied the housing lifts or dilates,
Figure 19 below. Extrusion may also causing the clearance to increase. A nub
happen catastrophically over a localised of rubber extrudes into this clearance and
portion of the seal due to sudden failure of is subsequently nibbled off when the
portions of any anti-extrusion device see pressure is dropped and the clearance is
Figure 20. reduced.
It can also be due to housing dilation at

high pressures causing the clearance to
increase see Figure 21. In this instance
the rigid gland ring was unable to deform
in order to close the clearance and
Figure 24
exacerbated the situation by forming a
knife-edge.
Figure 22
Figure 25
Figure 19
The thickness of the shaving correlates
directly to the dimensions of the housing
clearance under pressure conditions. Any
sharp housing edges at the clearance will
cause extrusion damage to be initiated
more easily, and thereafter cause the
Figure 23
rate of extrusion to be higher than when
acceptable radii are present.
This can have serious effects on double Port damage

acting seals, especially when dynamic. On See Figures 26 and 27. This occurs during
a pressure reversal, the nibbled fragments installation or application, when the seal
may be forced across the seal/housing passes over a hole or port especially if
Figure 20 interface causing a leakage path. these have sharp edges.

venting is available or if compression

is rapid. Note: it is possible to dissolve
approximately 200 litres (53 US gallons)
of air in 10 litres (2.64 US gallons) of
hydraulic oil at 20MPa (2900psi) and 10C
(50F).
Seal failure can occur in two ways either

by (air) rapid gas decompression (see
page 65) or by dieseling. Dieseling
happens when a pocket of air/oil mist
Figure 30
self ignites. It can occur when the rise
Figure 26
in pressure is fast enough to cause a Short-stroke failure
significant rise in temperature and hence It is essential that contact faces of dynamic
create ignition. This can cause severe seals are suitably lubricated. In multi-lip
localised damage to a seal, and can melt reciprocating applications, this lubrication
any plastic components. is effected by the relative movement of the
rod or cylinder across the seal. A short-
Figure 28 shows a schematic of a typical stroke in this context refers to the distance
case in an inclined cylinder where air may travelled as a ratio of overall stack depth.
become trapped adjacent to the piston
seal (and the gland seal). Figure 29 shows Practice has shown that a minimum
the catastrophic effect that dieseling stroke length of 2 times the stack depth
Figure 27
may have on seals. It is important to is required to provide lubrication to all
eliminate this problem by ensuring that contact lips, although the fluid mechanics
Other housing effects causing seal the minimum of air is present and that, if underlying this are unclear.
damage possible, adequate venting is provided.
The relationship between seal and It is ironic that for more arduous, high-
housing size must be considered with pressure applications the tendency has
account taken of thermal expansion and been to increase the number of sealing
equilibrium volume swell. Surface finish, rings and therefore the depth of the stack.
eccentricity of housing components This is often seen in PBR seal stacks that
and lead-in chamfers should also be may be metres in length, and can result
considered as factors which may lead, in the stroke length being insufficient to
directly or indirectly, to seal failure. transport lubricant to the entire contact
area of the seal.
Application effects
The modes of failure described under In this situation, the sealing elements
this heading are often a combination of towards the low-pressure side can run
seal design and mode of application. dry and abrasive wear occurs. This is
The resultant effects may be extrusion Figure 28 worsened at elevated pressures because
damage, abrasive wear or others. While contact stresses are higher. As the seal
these may be the eventual causes of wears, abraded particles are dragged
failure it is the reasons behind them that towards the forward sealing edge where
must be identified and remedied. they may act as a grinding paste or
create an uneven contact area ultimately
Air entrainment/dieseling resulting in leakage.
A small proportion of air may become
trapped in any closed system although Figure 31 shows the effects of
this is most often encountered in lubrication starvation in an O ring.
reciprocating applications. Severe Figure 32 shows the short-stroke
damage can occur when the air is failure of a rubber/fabric seal.
entrained near a seal. Figure 29
For short-stroke applications, it is
Additionally, air which is entrained in a On a lesser scale air entrainment may important to use shallow seals, even
hydrocarbon fluid in a rapidly cycling cause delamination of the fabric plies in single element (unit) seals, as multi-lip
dynamic application may become a double acting piston seal, as shown in packings can reduce seal life and cause
exceedingly dangerous if no automatic Figure 30. premature failure.
During multiple reversals, this type of roll around its circumferential axis. This
sealing arrangement can act as a pump may be caused by housing eccentricity, O
causing inter-seal cavity pressure to ring pinching or uneven lubrication.
Figure 31 build up due to viscous drag past the
unenergised seal. The effect is that both It is most easily recognised by an
seals become permanently energised impression or fracture that spirals around
resulting in higher friction and wear, an the seal circumference, normally with a
increased tendency for extrusion damage, large wavelength. This twisting or rolling
piston seizure, catastrophic seal failure will not necessarily be corrected on the
and potential fracture of metalwork. reverse stroke because the pressure will
usually be different. Therefore with each
Figures 34 and 35 below show seal cycle the effect becomes progressively
damage caused by pressure trapping. The worse until the seal section is reduced to
most important characteristic is damage such an extent that seal interference is lost
on the high-pressure side. To avoid this and leakage results.
type of failure, never use two double-
acting seals on the same component. If Bunching
opposed seals are necessary then it is The term bunching describes an
essential that at least one of them is a true application effect that causes both
Figure 32 single acting seal, in order that any inter- circumferential compression and
seal pressure build-up is automatically tension in different areas of a seal
vented. simultaneously. It is encountered on slow
Pressure trapping rotary applications, especially if subject to
This can develop in the annular clearance reversals such as in swivels, or where seal
between two double acting seals, whereby assembly requires the use of threaded
inter-seal pressures many times system gland nuts.
pressure may be built up. It can cause
seal failure, system lock-up or metalwork With such relative motion there is a high
fracture. Most modern squeeze seals and level of linear drag which, if accompanied
O rings can perform as double acting by uneven squeeze, causes part of the
seals. Extrusion of such seals into the seal to be pushed or bunched up causing
applied pressure can be seen in typical other parts to be stretched. This again
Figure 34 causes reduction in seal section with the
cases as shown schematically in Figure 33.
potential for seal leakage. At its worse it
may result in tensile fracture of the seal or
seal components.
Rapid gas decompression

Rapid gas decompression (RGD) damage
is the name given to structural failures in
the form of blistering, internal cracking and
splits caused when the gas or condensate
pressure to which the seal is exposed is
Figure 35
reduced from high to low.
The elastomeric components of a

Spiral twist system are, to a greater or lesser extent,
This type of failure is rarely seen in seals susceptible to the permeation and
other than O rings. It generally occurs diffusion of gases dissolving in their
when O rings are used in reciprocating surface. With time these components will
applications as rod or piston seals, or become saturated with whatever gases
Figure 33 when an installation requires stab-in are in the system. As long as the internal
particularly when seal compression levels gas pressure of the elastomer remains at
are high. equilibrium with the environment, there is
minimal damage, and no deterioration in
The mechanism is that the O ring seal performance occurs (unless caused
becomes fixed at one or more points by other factors such as chemical, thermal
around its circumference, preventing even or mechanical degradation).

However, when the external gas pressure render the product unsuitable for use or
is removed, or pressure fluctuations significantly reduce service life.
occur, large pressure gradients are
created between the interior and the Careful choice of storage conditions
surface of the seal and the dissolved gas should minimise these deleterious
may actually go through a phase (and effects. Additionally, components should
therefore volume) change. This pressure be stored in a relaxed condition free
differential may be balanced by the gas from tension, compression or other
simply diffusing/permeating out (the deformation. Do not hang seals on hooks!
reverse of the uptake process) especially Reference may be made to BS ISO 2230
if any external mechanical constraints (eg, Rubber products Guidelines for storage.
housings) are not removed. However if
the physical and chemical characteristics Figure 36 Handling
of the elastomer compound cannot Care should be taken to ensure that good
resist crack and blister growth during the handling and fitting practice is observed,
outgassing process then structural failure using correct tools and following
is the inevitable outcome. manufacturers instructions whenever
possible. Figure 40 shows the level of seal
Although there is no fixed rule, RGD damage that may result simply from poor
conditions, and therefore potential damage, fitting procedures.
should be considered a possibility at
pressures above 5MPa (725psi) in gas or
dissolved gas systems with decompression
rates greater than 1MPa (145psi) per hour.
Figure 37
There are various features of RGD
damage that may be related to operating
conditions, type of gas or, more often,
to the type of seal material. It is also
worth noting that, while there may be no
evidence of RGD damage on the surface
of the seal, there may be internal damage
which could impair the performance and
life of re-used seals. Figure 38 Figure 40
Wear and fatigue
Fracture surfaces in constrained seals Wear or abrasion damage can be caused
are generally in the plane perpendicular by dynamic motion, or when the sealed
to the applied pressure. There is often environment is intrinsically abrasive and
an identifiable nucleation site for each either passes across or impinges upon the
flaw and, on occasions, contamination or seal. Wear patterns created by dynamic
undispersed particulate matter may be motion are generally in the direction of
observed at this site. the motion (ie, axial wear in reciprocating
seals and circumferential wear in rotary
Irreversible blistering is often seen seals). Figure 41 shows abrasive wear.
in materials with poor filler/polymer
interactions such as high fluorine-
containing elastomers see Figure 36.
The majority of failure however is through
cracking and fracture as seen in Figures 37, Figure 39
38 and 39.
Storage and handling effects
Storage
Vulcanised elastomers will degrade if
stored under unsuitable conditions with
regard to temperature, humidity, light and
oxygen/ozone. Such effects as hardening,
softening, cracking and crazing may Figure 41
The exception to this is lip cracking in Thermal cycling

rotary applications. Damage here, as While thermal cycling can induce
shown in Figures 42 and 43 below, is mechanical damage, it may also cause
perpendicular to the direction of motion. by-pass leakage with no damage to the
The damage frequency is a function of seal whatsoever. This generally happens
material design, particularly modulus and when seals are cycled from high to low
frictional characteristics. It happens due to temperatures, especially if pressure is
a wave being forced ahead of the motion, cycled simultaneously.
which produces contact peaks and non-
contact troughs (slip-stick). It causes More often, by-pass leakage occurs in
heat build-up at the contact bands that seals made from thermoplastics and those
ultimately leads to cracking. This effect is with a tendency to high temperature flow.
known as a Schallamach wave. Such materials (eg, Aflas) should not be
subjected to large thermal transients or
Lower friction, higher modulus materials rapid thermal cycling. Similar effects are
(Figure 42) will exhibit an increased noted if seal materials are used below
number of shallower cracks compared or approaching their limit of elastomeric
with higher friction, lower modulus flexibility (glass transition temperature, Tg)
materials (Figure 43). This is because heat as they cannot respond or respond very
build-up is less and stick is reduced. slowly to any system change, such as
Optimised materials for this type of the application of pressure.
application exhibit no lip cracking as they
enable a stable hydrodynamic film to be
established.
Figure 42
Figure 43

James Walker facilities
Research & development

James Walker constantly works at the
forefront of materials science and fluid
seal technology to bring its customers
engineered solutions to sealing problems.
We have numerous research and

development programmes that are
accurately targeted to meet tomorrows
fluid seal specifications before they arise.
This work is especially valuable to the oil
and gas industry, where we anticipate our
customers demands for products to work
efficiently:
At greater depths and pressures.

Further extremes of temperature.
In harsher chemical and abrasive
environments.
Problem solving is a major facet of

James Walkers operations. Our research
teams have worked closely with oil and
gas industry customers and related bodies
for over 30 years. During that time we have
developed ranges of rapid gas
decompression (RGD) resistant
elastomers and other extremely high-
performance grades that are now vital to
the industrys success.
We also work in liaison with leading

universities, research establishments and
other organisations that operate at the
forefront of materials science, tribology
and sealing technology.
In addition, we are often engaged on

confidential research projects for oil and
gas industry clients when our in-depth
materials knowledge and seal design
expertise are needed to convert an
innovative idea into production reality.
Test rig facilities

A small selection of the extensive in-house
test facilities we use for our research and
development work on static, rotary and
reciprocating sealing products is shown
alongside.
James Walker facilities
Production techniques & Every material is formulated to perform a A multitude of elastomer compounding
specific fluid-sealing task. The resulting skills and production facilities, backed by
facilities physical and chemical properties of a one of the strictest QA regimes, ensure
processed elastomer are those we have that our oil and gas industry customers
James Walker is one of the worlds leading
meticulously compounded-in for seal get the products and service they need
manufacturers of high performance fluid
performance. None of our elastomers when they need them.
sealing products for long-term duties in
is doped with processing aids or bulk
the most aggressive environments.
fillers, as these can affect the integrity of a
material.
Such a reputation is not won lightly.
Vast experience of fluid seal design and
This means that the process we select to
production, tied closely to materials
mould an elastomeric sealing component
development and processing, are key
is ruled by customer satisfaction rather
factors of our success.
than our own ease of manufacture.
Manufacturing plants for elastomeric
We laboratory-test our elastomers to
sealing products are located in the UK,
the highest standards in the industry. A
USA and Australia. In addition, James
sample from every batch of compound is
Walker has other production facilities sited
checked for specific gravity and hardness,
across the world. The result is the ability
then rheometer-tested to ascertain its rate Precision moulding smaller seals
to provide industries at all levels with top
of cure. Specification Grade materials are
quality engineered solutions for their fluid
fully tested against the requirements of
sealing problems.
a standards body or a customers own
specifications.
Raw material selection
Strict quality controls are applied to our
Only when we are fully satisfied with the
choice of raw materials. We buy the best
results will we allow the material to be
materials from reputable suppliers and work
used for fluid seal production.
closely with these firms and their in-house
laboratories when we develop each new
Production facilities
elastomeric compound.
Our range of production techniques and
plant provides total flexibility of
All our raw materials are precisely
manufacture within a tightly-controlled
specified and every batch is rigorously
lean environment. This enables us to
tested in our own laboratories before it is
select the correct production route for
released for processing.
each of the vastly different types, sizes
and quantities of sealing products our
A strict quality regime, based on statistical
customers want.
control methods, follows the material
through all stages of production, to Rubber-to-metal bonding
In-house facilities include:
final critical inspection, packaging
Injection moulding up to 500mm
and delivery. This regime ensures that
(20-inches) diameter.
customers can be certain of the quality of
Compression moulding up to 2.2m
every product we supply.
Vacuum moulding up to 2.1m
Compounding for quality
We compound our own elastomers to
Transfer moulding.
ensure that rigid QA parameters are met.
Rubber-to-metal bonding, with acid etch
Over 300 different grades of elastomer
and phosphating of metal surfaces.
are regularly compounded using a K2A
Precision gasket cutting to any shape
Intermix with state-of-the-art systems
and size by CAD/CAM water-jet cutters.
that provide interlocked energy, time and
Extrusion process continuous and
temperature control.
batch production.
CNC centre for machining elastomers,
polyurethanes and engineering plastics.
Elastomer impregnation of fabrics and
fibres for composite materials.
State-of-the-art optical inspection

General information
Trademark acknowledgements
James Walker acknowledges the following trademarks as mentioned in this document.
All other names bearing the symbol are registered trademarks of James Walker.
Trademark Company Description
Aflas Asahi Glass FEPM copolymers

Dyneon 3M Dyneon Range of fluoroelastomers
Extreme DuPont Performance Elastomers Special grade of Viton
Freon DuPont Range of refrigerants
Kalrez DuPont Performance Elastomers Range of perfluoroelastomers
Kevlar DuPont Para-aramid fibres
Nomex E I du Pont de Nemours Synthetic aramid polymer
PEEK Victrex plc High temperature rigid thermoplastic
Tecnoflon Solvay Solexis Range of fluoroelastomers
Viton DuPont Performance Elastomers Range of fluoroelastomers
Health warning: If PTFE or fluoroelastomer (eg, FKM, FFKM, FEPM) products are heated to elevated temperatures, fumes will be produced which may give unpleasant effects, if inhaled. Whilst some
fumes are emitted below 250C from fluoroelastomers or below 300C from PTFE, the effect at these temperatures is negligible. Care should be taken to avoid contaminating tobacco with particles of
PTFE or fluoroelastomer, or with PTFE dispersion, which may remain on hands or clothing. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are available on request.
Information in this publication and otherwise supplied to users is based on our general experience and is given in good faith, but because of factors which are outside our knowledge and control and
affect the use of products, no warranty is given or is to be implied with respect to such information. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Statements of operating limits quoted in this
publication are not an indication that these values can be applied simultaneously.
General information
These guides give detailed technical information on the products and services covered in this publication. Please ask for your copies,
or visit our website www.jameswalker.biz where many of them can be downloaded in pdf form.

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High Performance Sealing Technology
Wellhead sealing guide Downhole sealing guide O rings Gaskets & jointings
GasketData (Sec1- (Converted)-1 20/7/06 8:22 pm Page 1
Gasket Technology Product Range Manual Intelligent tension control... Comflex Expansion Joints and Bellows
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Customer Support Centre Tel: +49 (0)40 386 0810 Tel: +1 708 754 4020
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Fax: +31 (0) 186 633110 Fax: +39 02 263 00487 Fax: +27 (0)31 205 6266
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
HEALTH WARNING: If PTFE products are heated to elevated temperatures, fumes will be produced which may give unpleasant effects, if inhaled. Whilst some are emitted
below 300c, the effect at these temperatures is negligible. Care should be taken to avoid contaminating tobacco with PTFE particles or dispersion which may remain on
hands or clothing. Health & Safety Data Sheets are available on request.
Information in this publication and otherwise supplied to users is based on our general experience and given in good faith, but because of factors which are outside our
knowledge and control and affect the use of products, no warranty is given or is to be implied with respect to such information. Specifications are subject to change without
notice. Statements of operating limits quoted in this publication are not an indication that these values can be applied simultaneously.
Tension control at your fingertips
James Walker Townson Ltd James Walker Townson Middle East

Understanding gaskets & dimensional guidebook Alexandra Street, Hyde P.O. Box 25743, Flat No 207, OUDH Metha Building,
Cheshire SK14 1DY England Near Lamcy Plaza, Dubai, U.A.E.
Telephone: +44 (0) 161 367 9278 Telephone: 0097 143352023
Fax: +44 (0) 161 367 9280 Fax: 0097 143352024
Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
www.townson.co.uk www.townson.co.uk
High Performance Expansion Joint Technology
Registered Office: James Walker Townson, Alexandra Street, Hyde, Cheshire SK14 1DY
Gasket Technology Gasket products RotaBolt tension control Comflex expansion

(metallic & semi-metallic) fastners joints & bellows

James Walkers Oilfield Support worldwide
James Walker SealingProducts & Materials for the Oil & GasIndustry
Aberdeen (UK) Hamburg (Germany) Milan (Italy)
Tel: +44 (0)1270 536140 Tel: +49 (0)40 386 0810 Tel: +39 02 257 8308
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Tel: +47 5 5112950 Tel: +33 (0)437 497 480 Tel: +61 8 9457 9666
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James Walker & Co Ltd James Walker Oil & Gas Co James Walker Singapore Pte Ltd
Oil and Gas Team 16619 W. Hardy Road 192 Pandan Loop #05-11/12
1 Millennium Gate, Westmere Drive Houston Pantech Industrial Complex
Crewe, Cheshire CW1 6AY, UK TX 77060, USA Singapore 128381
Tel: +44 (0)1270 536140 Tel: +1 281 875 0002 Tel: +65 6777 9896
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CERTIFICATE No. FM 01269

BS EN ISO 9001:2000
CERT-11161-2006-AQ-HOU-ANAN
BP4277 0309/2m Registered Office: Lion House, Oriental Road, Woking, Surrey GU22 8AP, United Kingdom. Reg No. 2432592 England
ML-01797X
James Walker 2009

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What is the purpose of this guide?

What is the purpose of this guide?

What types of sealing products and materials are covered in this guide?

What types of sealing products and materials are covered in this guide?

Sealing Products & Materials

for the Oil & Gas Industry

High Performance Sealing Technology

Introduction Material data sheets

Services to the oil & gas

As the technology employed to exploit

A multiplicity of plant, equipment, and

These factors present many challenges

O rings Springsele & Teesele FS Casing & Tubing Seal

See pages 59-60 for full details.

This static seal is used in We produce a Our Chevron brand (known

Separate literature is available.

Devlon V-API is RotaBolt fasteners are We have global experience in

Comflex flexible bellows Tico Pipe Grips Tico Clip Strips

High performance elastomer ranges

Hydrogenated nitrile HNBR

Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene FEPM (eg, Aflas)

Miscellaneous NBR & EPM

Seal size Temperature Pressure

FR58/90 & FR25/90

Sour gas; 2.5% CO2; 15% HCl; 1% HF; 69 10,000

1. Water/glycol (HW540); 2. Produced gas;

Lotork for Produced gas (sweet & sour) + various

Natural gas; mineral oil; crude oil;

Produced gas; crude oil; injection fluids

Custom rotary Drilling muds; crude/sour crude;

To order or get further details, call your local contact11

Overview of elastomers In excess of 20 classes of compounding Hydrogenated nitrile, HNBR

Fluorine content varies from 65 per cent

Tetrafluoroethylene/propylene Our high performance materials are based

FEPM (eg. Aflas) Elastomer/metal

To order or get further details, call your local contact13

Oilfield media compatibility few ppm is sufficient to cause degradation.

Corrosion inhibitors: fall into several

Temperature and pressure factors

Low temperature: materials are selected

Temperature cycling: NBR and HNBR

Pressure: at higher pressure it is generally

High pressure gas: use only validated

Assessing cure characteristics of mixed High-performance elastomers are tensile

Tensile testing in environmental chamber Pressure testing seals at low temperature in

To order or get further details, call your local contact15

Key 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = poor, C = consult

FR58/90* FKM B-type

Corrosion Amine based 1 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3

Key 1 = excellent, 2 = good, 3 = poor, C = consult

Phosphate ester (HFD) 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3

To order or get further details, call your local contact17

measures hardness is calibrated to 100 (psi, MPa)

er The direct measurement of stress

will be1 vulnerable to nicks and cracks

To order or get further details, call your local contact19

James Walker's eight-flange rapid gas decompression test rigs

To order or get further details, call your local contact21

Low temperature behaviour There is, however, a pressure threshold

material behaves in the characteristic Elast-O-Lion 985