Windscreen wiper

A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper (American English) is a device used to remove rain, snow,
ice and debris from a windscreen or windshield. Almost all motor vehicles, including cars, trucks, train
locomotives, watercraft with a cabin and some aircraft, are equipped with such wipers, which are
usually a legal requirement.

A wiper generally consists of a metal arm, pivoting at one end and with a long rubber blade attached
to the other. The arm is powered by a motor, often an electric motor, although pneumatic power is
also used in some vehicles. The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water or other
precipitation from its surface. The speed is normally adjustable, with several continuous speeds and
often one or more "intermittent" settings. Most automobiles use two synchronized radial type arms,
while many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms.

Problems/ Accidents

Car Accidents Caused by Defective

Windshield Wipers
Windshield wipers probably arent the first thing you think of when you consider the causes of car
accidents. But in fact, windshield wipers are an essential safety feature for any vehicle, and when
they are not working properly, accidents are more likely. Here well provide some additional
information about car accidents caused by defective windshield wipers.

Types of Windshield Wiper Failures & Defects

Of all the parts of your car, the windshield wipers probably seem pretty simple. However, the system
is actually composed of several elements. The wiper arm connects to the base of your vehicle and
holds the blade, which holds the wiper insert (the rubber squeegee thats actually in contact with your
windshield). Plus, theres actually a separate wiper motor that powers everything.

When one of these elements is defective, you are likely to experience decreased visibility during
inclement weather, and as a result, be involved in a car accident. In fact, the Federal Highway
Administration reports that impaired visibility is a leading factor in 46% of fatal car accidents. Here are
some signs of deterioration and/or possible manufacturing defects:

Streaking, which may be caused by a defective rubber insert

Chattering, which may indicate the wiper blade is not set properly
Splitting rubber
Rapid rubber deterioration resulting from substandard blade material
Uneven sweeps across the windshield, which may be the result of a defective wiper blade
frame
Wipers that work intermittently or fail altogether
When a windshield wiper motor malfunctions, it can happen almost instantaneously. If a driver is in
the middle of heavy traffic or moving at a fast speedand theres heavy rain or snowthe likelihood
of an accident can be quite high.

Defective Windshield Wipers Can Cause

Serious Accidents
Windshield wipers may not be the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the possible
causes of car accidents. However, windshield wipers are vital to the safety of drivers, and when they
do not work properly, accidents are more likely to occur. Defective windshield wipers present a
tremendous danger to all road users, and defects occur more often than many realize.

The Atlanta personal injury attorneys at Montlick and Associates, Attorneys at Law, are dedicated to
assisting injured car accident victims. Our firm has helped a number of accident victims injured due to
defective automobile parts. We offer dedicated representation across Georgia and in the Southeast.

Poor Weather Conditions and Malfunctioning Windshield Wipers Present a Hazard

Heavy rain, wind, or snow all require properly functioning windshield wipers. You can lose visibility
quickly if you are caught in a rain or snow storm, potentially causing you to veer off the road or into
another vehicle. Windshield wipers are simply essential to your safety. You should take steps to
ensure your wipers are working, including regular maintenance and changing out of wiper blades. At
times, however, accidents occur due to a defect within the windshield wipers themselves.

Windshield Wiper Recalls

In recent years, there have been a number of vehicles recalled due to faulty windshield wipers. In
September of last year, over 400,000 RAV4 SUVs were recalled after it was found that water dripping
onto the windshield wiper link could, overtime, corrode and wear at the link, potentially leading to
separation. If separation occurs, the windshield wiper will not operate, raising the risk of an accident.
Toyota replaced the entire windshield wiper system in the affected vehicles.

Toyota is far from the only automaker to have experienced wiper defects. Just last month, GM
warned the owners of several of its SUVs not to use their wipers because an electrical short within
the system could cause the wipers to catch fire, rending them inoperable and creating a dangerous
situation.

Possible signs of a windshield wiper defect include rapid deterioration of the rubber, uneven
sweeping across the window, wipers that work intermittently or fail entirely, splitting rubber, streaking,
and chattering, which can occur when the wiper blade is not set within the frame correctly.

If you have been injured in an accident potentially involving a defective windshield wiper, contact a
personal injury lawyer as soon as possible. Your lawyer will investigate the vehicle to uncover any
defects that lead to the crash and potentially pursue a claim in order to hold the manufacturer
accountable..
Source:
http://www.detroitnews.com/story/business/autos/foreign/2015/09/17/toyota-wiper-defect/32562599/

Car accidents might be caused by old

windscreen wipers
Recent research by the Kwik-Fit company has discovered that 20% of the British motorists surveyed,
are potentially at risk of having a car accident due to poor visibility through their windscreen.

According to the findings, 56% of drivers (one in three) do not check and maintain their windscreen
wipers. As a result, 16% of those behind the wheel in Britain have wiper blades which leave behind
smears on the windscreen, making it more difficult to see the road.

A further 3% of drivers complained that their wipers did not clear water off the front window
effectively, and 1%, which accounts for about 200,000 of UK drivers, said that their wipers scratch the
windscreen.

An obscured view of the road could cause a severe personal injury to the driver, another road user, or
a pedestrian during a car accident.

Replacing windscreen wipers does not take long, is cheap and getting new wipers could potentially
save a life by stopping a car accident from occurring. With this in mind, starting 2011 with some new
windscreen wipers might be a good way for a driver to improve their road safety and avoid having to
make a personal injury claim.

http://www.wheelsatonce.com/news-car-accident.htm

Prevent car accidents due to defective

windshield wipers
Looking at the possible causes of car accidents, windshield wipers would probably not be the first
thing that comes to your mind. However, windshield wipers are essential to the safety of any driver,
and when they are not working properly, accidents are more likely to occur. In fact, it is quite obvious
how auto accidents can be caused by defective windshield wipers.
Anywhere in the United States, these little but essential items will be checked before you take the
driving test for your drivers license. Along with your tires, brake lights, directional signals, brakes,
steering, horn or mirror. If your windshield wipers are not in good condition, you will not be allowed to
take the driving test.

Once you are in possession of a drivers license, you also may be stopped at any time by a law
enforcement officer for a vehicle inspection that will focus on the same technical aspects of your car
in order to prevent auto accidents on Tamp Bay roads.

Weather conditions
The weather has direct consequences on your safety on the roads. In fact, rainy and/or snowy
conditions make driving much more difficult, and it is then even more important that your car is
equipped with properly functioning and not defective windshield wipers.

People often envy Floridas weather, but we actually have to face violent rain storms that endanger
drivers on our roads from Tampa to St. Petersburg and beyond. As such, it is advised you have a
professional complete a check-up to your car at least once a year.

Imagine if the motors controlling a cars windshield wipers are defective are not working properly right
in the middle of driving through a Florida rain storm. You can lose visibility quite fast, and car
accidents can result easily. These kind of situations can happen almost instantaneously, and if you
are in the middle of heavy traffic, or if your car is at a high velocity, the likelihood of an accident is
dangerously high.

For obvious reasons, rain storms make it difficult for drivers to see the road or other cars. Anyone
who have been on the Florida highways a day of June know too well that rain, combined with dirty
water kicked up from the road by other drivers, is a nightmare even with decent windshields.
Futuristic windowless airplane lets passengers see all around them .

It is a glimpse into the future that will inspire wonder in some people but perhaps strike terror into the heart of
the nervous flyer: a windowless plane that nonetheless allows passengers to see whats going on outside, as
well as checking their email and surfing the net.

In a vision of what the next generation of commercial aircraft could look like in little more than a decade,
windows would be replaced by full-length screens allowing constant views of the world outside. Passengers
would be able to switch the view on and off according to their preference, identify prominent sights by tapping
the screen or even just surf the internet.

The early-stage concept for the windowless plane, based on technology used in mobile phones and
televisions, hails from the Centre for Process Innovation (CPI), an organisation with sites across north-east
England that works with companies to develop new products. It imagines how large, hi-definition, ultra thin and
lightweight displays could form the inside of the fuselage, displaying images of the exterior from cameras
mounted on the planes exterior.

Windowless car
For the last 80-some years, the model car has been pretty standard. The tail fins and bucket seats came
and went, but there were almost always four wheels, two headlights and windows, plenty of big, clear
windows ringing the car. All of that will change soon because the robot cars upend so many parts of the
game that the designers can begin again with a clean file in their design software. Reconsidering the role
of car windows may be the most obvious.

Windows won't be necessary when there's no human inside who needs to see to pick a path. The
autonomous cars will use five, ten or even more cameras looking at every angle and these cameras don't
need to be much bigger than the dots on the back of a phone. Some may use elaborate laser range
finders that currently live perched on the roof of some of the prototypes but these whirling gadgets don't
need windows either.

When riders start having a choice, will they pick and choose autonomous cars with glass portals to the
world? The first robot cars will almost certainly have them because it's never good to ask people to endure
too many radical changes. In The Right Stuff, Tom Wolfe described how the early Mercury astronauts
insisted that NASA add a window to the capsule:

And why? Because pilots had windows in their cockpits and hatches they could open on their own. That
was what it was all about: being a pilot as opposed to a guinea pig. The men hadn't stopped with the
window and the hatch, either. Not for a moment. Now they wanted...manual control of the rocket. They
weren't kidding! This was to take the form of an override system: if the astronaut believed, in his judgment,
as captain of the ship (not capsule), that the boost rocket engine was malfunctioning, he could take over
and guide it himself like any proper pilot.

The emphasis is Wolfe's but the same holds for the autonomous cars. Early riders aren't going to want to
be `spam in a can,' the astronaut's term; they'll want some control over this robot driver and windows are
a big part of having a seat at the committee table.

http://mashable.com/2015/05/13/windowless-driverless-cars/#oW0sAsQ90aqn
 Solution to hypothesis
The hypothesis of the study states that windshield wipers cause distraction to drivers during inclement
weather increasing accident risks. Initially wipers were created for a helpful purpose of actually eliminating the
distraction of poor road visibility. Decades of vehicular production included wipers to be a part of the structure
which blatantly presents the accidents to be a driver factor than a structural fault. However, if in case such
causation does exist, 2 types of solution have been identified.

Plan A presents the vehicle to have its extending roof superior to the windshield with blower turbines
attached to the cars hood in front of the windshield. Both serve to decrease droplets from reaching the windshield
(Plan A). If this then fails, Plan B would be utilizing an LCD screen as an inner screen with its image transmitted
from a micro camera fronting the vehicle thus eliminating distraction. The LCD screen will then shut off once with
sunny weather. (Plan B)

Despite these two solutions, it bears a heavier unnecessary financial burden for manufacture and
maintenance. There is no significant research concurring with the hypothesis. The implication of accidents due
to distraction, is not, again, due to structural factor, rather due to an intrinsic cause of the drivers lack of
concentration, which is essential skill necessary for machine handlers in general.
Taxi

Jeepney
WINDSHIELD ROOF CONCEPT

Materials

ABS
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene is a copolymer made by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the
presence of polybutadiene. The styrene gives the plastic a shiny, impervious surface. The butadiene,
a rubbery substance, provides resilience even at low temperatures. A variety of modifications can be
made to improve impact resistance, toughness, and heat resistance.
Hot air blower ( for hood of the car)

Automotive Glass Care & Water Repellent

Water Jet Washer

Windflow
he Physics
When a car is moving at normal highway speed, air flows around it, from front to back. Since air can
not go through the glass, when it hits the front window it suddenly changes direction and travels up
and over the windshield. A raindrop, however, which is denser than air, falls from the sky with enough
velocity so that it cannot be swept up and over the glass by the wind.

When raindrops approach the front windshield, they are too heavy and are going too fast to suddenly
change direction and be swept up and away from the glass. Instead they burst through the wind
stream and hit the windshield.

Angles
Raindrops do tend to miss the back window, however. Wind passing over the rear of the car is
accelerated on a downward angle, flowing parallel to and just above the rear window. In this case the
velocity of the falling raindrops carries them into the downward flow of the wind, where they skim over
the surface of the window without touching it.

Because the wind is flowing down instead of up, the rain does not have to change direction when it
encounters the wind stream. Although the raindrops are still heavier than air, the fact that the wind
and rain flow in the same direction enables the wind to sweep the rain away from the window.
SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
AY 2017- 2018

SPECIALIZATION 2
1:00 4: 00 MW

1:00 2:00 F

SYSTEM DESIGN ( WINDSHIELD WIPER)

SUBMITTED TO:

AR. SHEENA ASSAYCO

SUBMITTED BY:

TABUNO, BRYAN C.
PLAN A:
Removal of the windshield wiper and have its extending roof superior to the windshield with blower turbines
attached to the cars hood in front of the windshield .
PLAN B:

Removal of the windshield wiper and utilizing an LCD screen as an inner screen with its image transmitted
from a micro camera fronting the vehicle thus eliminating distraction.