-...

APPENDIX 1 GRAMMAR CHECK ---,,

_ -LEXAMPL_r: _-___- -- _

down ina_lower position

-.
except_(fc,r) not including
facing _ oppcisite, IClCl~i11_g ut on
for 1 (time) + a period _-:Tf,ey've livedri rhe hOuse frtiftyjteafS;.. : ~ . .:-.. :. :;- ::::..:;.:_ ... '
2 purpose
3 spprtirg
Yo us~ a thesaurus for firiding similar words. . '. ; >.
.. .... Are you for the govemment's proposaIs ar hot? .. _.

-
. ----. ;_--- -:--.--:-; ...... : -- - --::--. - -.--... -- -- -----.-. -------:----,:;:.,. ; __ '-:___.:,:. ___ --:::::::.._....~-
___ ....

from 1 direction ._. .. He camefroin the rver.

. ______ :IQrjgiQ..:::::_:_:__::___:.__:_,':.:_::::c:____ ,:::_:, .: Nabko comes frorri Japan. -~::e
______ __ _ _ 3 materia) .. ....._. ______ .. , The soup is made from the finest vegetables. . . <
from ... to - period of~j~~ .. . . ,_ Tf~~~-:i~~ar/~~~~~ 1o~??t~ 1~~~~:- : -~~C..~-~- -~=-~~
0

in 1 (place)inside borders Bob's in thegardn.

2 (time) +month, yer, etc. The course starts in August.
___________ 3. (timetwithi~,<3:i~riod ,.
in frontof ..
l'I/ be (in~s_hed in five min11_t~----- .... ___ --- .....
Lucassits in front of the other students.
" - .. --7--7--., .. - ........ .,.
.
in spite of . _s~CJ\':fing difference We arrived_ory:_t0_e in spite of t~f!_d_elays.

into
. lke...
direction(t somewhere)_
comparison
Put the card into the slot, then key in your number. '
Salma /ooks like her mother.
.
near clase to :._c_':7,c!f.ro_u p/ay OUtside, s_tcJ[IJc~~J~':_hOU_?=: ______ .. ___ . ....... _
next to tlose to; toui:hing ave and Afice Jive in a cottage next to the_ river._ ___
Mj, coats fl1~d~-~.~~ther.
of
off
material
.. ------ ----~- - --
--,------------
. , r (plae)"al:ff:ive;f1knirig" ---, 7
- - -- :_j'henewspaper's on the sofa, . ....... .'
- ----- 1 (tfreft-.date, day . _. _ -- ._ My interview ison Friday, 73th Ju/y.
3 (Arf!~t:r~t~e__L-V_e~~end -. .. Mornand Dad are coming to stay on the w:eekend.
.
J

onto -~::.. ?~irs>~~&<~pJrpi:_ri.sc:in,e_lA'.he_re_l,=,-~= ~::Sli.0tgntothif wa11,~ the vie_~ ;~Jo_~ely. .. __

_ on top Qf- _ above and directly touching . Thefa~g,:~_s_au_cepan is on _top of !he cooker.
-----------~-
Of)eCJs[te . _. looking towards e,ach other :''fhtre's a cafopposite thescho~I'. .. .
:-outof-----: """ direc:ticin (awa:{ftrrf s~mwne"re} : __:_ ... Can yo"{et_fhi rneat out ()fth~ oven?
'ce oie-:--::.:=~-:~=inafghYposTtioni: . --cccc "fi,'k piari/tlevvvef the Alp;'. .
: .: Ther~I~_<J_eliciolls_ smell when you wa/k past that cake shop. _

ai-Oiid -- --~----. iri a circularmovenenf_ .

. round!

since: + a point in time .. . ::...Ju/iah has worked here since 2005:

through 1 from one side to the other : Haveyo everbeen through the Channel Turinel?
2 (AmE) until/to He hasta w_o_~~ frof118.00_thrnugh 6}(}: ___ " _
throughouf the whole time l'm afraidlslept throughout the who/e film.
the w~Clle plac:e The fire spread _throughout the building.
to direction Throw the ba/1 to me.
----
,. .towards . in the. direction of
_______ - -- - .. . ..

:"nder ,-in a\owerposition / think thenewspa_per isynder th~se bo~ks,

until (ti/!) to a later time Don'trr1_9.ve untl I get back! __
up in a hig~erposition .. . ih~ n~w;agent's ~LJP the 5-tr~~t
with 1 together / went on holiday with my friends:
2 instrument The man was killed _with a shotgun.
within in a period of time Can you do t~e Job within a week?
---------
wth9.LJ_t __ .___ _ not including, not having I prefer tea withut sugar..
Note: after, as, befare and since can also be conjunctions of time:
Jlike to do some exercises befare I go to bed. We started talking as we were waiting far the bus.

,,,"'
339

----- ...,r ,=.,-rttrttx J

.
,
,

<::i'.,!.MMAR CHECK APPENDIX 1

QUICK CHECK 3 MODULES 5, 6, 7 ANO 8 Verb tenses

9

19 present . facts/permanent s_ituations _.c.===~=="-'--W-"'a-'--te~r=bols at 100'::_ ___ -------- .... p.2

simple- '. 27.2
thoughts/feelinf)s,'opinions I thin~ Ne~ Yo~kJs_~citi_ri[f__ ______
- likes.and dislikes I preferthe pty to the countrysid~: 27.2
regular-activities, routines We usua_lly start at ~ighto'c/ock.
- ---- - ---------- . ~'- descriqing/felling stories.':::::::::' . ,, :.::.::::. .'..c.::::i ~Jhe fi{m}ak_es_ pfiiceJii t/e usi ..
describirig states (state verbs) -

present
continuous
ctio11~ happenng ho\,\I (as ~ speak)"
temporary situations
Hurty}p!1hf/tak_/s ~iting:;
Trudi\S!_~dY.!~SJ.~-~ima/b~h~~~~~~now. __
. 28.2
28.2

criticising spmorie
... c:hanges andtrends ..
desciii:iing pktures '
You'reaf~jslosi'!g yourk~ys.:.-..-..
- The eco~omy is 9etting. W0r.5e. '_
, A woniah ts walking tnto the room,
28.2
28.3
.. 28.4

past simple__ _
repat~d,~c:J;ions in the
----- --------- ----- -------- - ----
. _ _... , / passed my_ driving test fast week.
}~ephorie:~fe~f!_~r~nts every1ay. .
30.2
30.2

aseries ~fpa.st act,ns -

past situa.tions
We~amved1nRomeand took ataxi to the
apartme~-~,
He /ived fiom 1500 to 1539.
! 30.2

30.2

--pasr - ____,;=~-ctid~;::~t~:r6G"n"d :.; t~-in the~past-- __:_ _._:::rw~};;t:feeli/2r/wefl that day. _

ciitinous-, -,-c-----:~~-:c~c~-.:. ..
_ . ....... _temporary s1tuat1ons mth; past,
. ... - - . -....... ____ ..
__ . __ V'(e were fiv_ingin Beijingatthe time ofthe

.1 ., .....-, ...,....
2008 _Ofympics.
:::-:-::..: ~::C:..:.~c.':"":Orle:._action interrupted by,another:-action,:cc':_cc"':'';C:The bus:was:going too fast and it hit
.. :: the car.,., .
31.3

plans t~at did not happ~n'o 31.4

31.5

past perfect
simple ... . --- -- . -- ----- - ~-- -------~----~-- - -
Befare found a job; I had been to thirty
.- iiiterviews.
"-
.
....... ____ .. ~~ '. gi\/in\freasohs ftpasictioiis/feeli11gs :. ... --~~~Biiify wasiinhappy beaUse her husband 34.4
.
34.2

.... ,hadn 't ~ought hera present .

past perfec:f
continuous
ontiriuing Bisractrts tfit w~r !iSppening ' Julia had ben wrking in satestortvva
befare another action/time -.- years when Phi/ joined the team.
35.2 -

emph~sisinQ time ___ ___ .. __ __ _ lt__~a,ci__f?_~e_'!_se_f{ng__w_e~_forter1 ye_ars. . 35.3

. . 9ivir9 resns for past actins1teelings ; - : He wairediis iie'd beeiidiiving

aftemoon;
" . 35.3

.
. 340

..
.
 APPENDIX 1 GRAMMAR CHECK
-
-. TENSE,., ... .. : .;, .. _... " EXAM>Le>:

present actions/experiences in our lives until now My father has worked far severa/ diffrent 36.2
perfect companies. ...
a past action witl present iesults for recer-C They'v gane ot.._(So they're nt here - -36.4 ~
events now.) .'
. -- - . ---- - -- -----------
actions in a time pericid that is still cortinUing .. The plne liasjust landed. 36.5
/'ve driven 500 kilometres this week. 37 .1
repeated actions in the past (which may be , We've been there niany times, (We may go 37 .2
___________ repeated in the future). ______________ . :_!h~!~~g~~-).:. _
,.
------------------- ..._---:-.- _._ .... --- ---------------
with far or since far. stuations that started in .. _ He's worked here for ten years. 37.3
~
the past and contihue now .. _ / ha11_en't sei:njanic~ sine~ Tuesday _-.. __ ..
giving news . ---c-iheTi-iacttaArmyexhibition has~pened: 38.2
in London.
1

present continuing ctions/situations until nciw C/are's been living with her cousins. 39.2

perfect
continuous
emphasising time - . . . . . - ------~-...:....,: :
_\IVe've tieen waiting far hours! l
to explain a present situation : . _ l'm wet because /'ve been washing the car. 39.3
~
fuforewith
goingto
future plans
things we expect to happen (because of
somethirg in the present)
/'m going to be a doctor one day.
lt's raining. We're going to getsoaked!
41.2
41.4
i
future with .. things we think will happen In the future, people will live on other 41.4
f
wi/1 p/anets. _

immediate decisions -- '
-------- jy~lij_ Yl?a Day wi!I fa(( oh a iJdsday next
____ , -~ -- _y~ar. . .
J'm tired. I th{nk l go to bed now.
.
41.5

41.6

f
~~-c:cc-:cccc==c~'c,~"offers;=promises'and warnings ..:=c:,,',cc,cc-cc, ;"":=n/ get yo~ a drink. What would you /ike?.

future with future arrangements .

00 0

/'ve got the tickets. We're sitting in the

41.7
,,_. -.:.
. \ .

1f

Jf~~~~f_;;~!q say~h~;~~-~\d; somet!ii~g",,;~;;,~;~c fIJ\::~e. /'m working on Saturday. 41.2

,f
ftittire continuing actions at/arouhd a time in the Come to the main door - we'f/ be waiting 422
f
cotitirot:- future
...... .... future actions with. possib!e reslfs_

te
.
to ask. poli quesons aboutplans
------- ___ - _.... ___ -.
.
Joryou, _
/'// be meeting my friends after work so
. I maJbe home late.
-~----------- --- - - -
WJfl we be stopping far a break?
42.3

,1;! -
..,._,--:'
'
~
~
j
future .. actions completed by a time in the future We'f/ have got back to the hotel by seven 43.3
perfect o'clock.

future continuing action up t; a time in tlle futre By next Friday, l'lf have been waiting far 43.4
perfect over two months.
coritin_llQUS to e~pai~ th~ reason for a futre sifuati .. We;llhve bee skiing al/ day, so wetr b~ 43.4
starving!

future with fixed future events (on timetabfes and The Dallas f/ight arrives at 9.45. 44.i ,,,1~
present schedules)
simple after when, as soon as; etc. As soon as I get there, /'// phone you. 44.2

wasfwere something that was in the future from the In 2005, they were going to build a 45.1
going to point of view ofa time in the past supermarket here.
(future in
something we expected to happen but which / was going to study medicine but my 45.1
the past)
didn't happen grades weren't good enough.

341
 GRAMMAR CHECK APPENDIX 1

.., '.:: QUICK CHECK 4 MODULE 9 Modal verbs

;j

; ------f~ture -~bfty o-;:-i;;;;;;ty-- Aft;yourei::eive th passvi~d,y'llbl~bie-t g 6~ t 46.3

~-: =.-=-:=e: -:e __ : _iJast ?biliJY_ r pQ~sibinty~--

-~------~-=--- - : . _- _-___ .___. -~ _ _
- : ur website:: -- ---- ' ---'---
l1f!_ wef~n~t~blf! i9_'SJf!t<J.nj~heaf!ffights t M~'_ga_:_-____ --~~~~
-
-=.
0_

canfcan't 46.2
111'

......
46.2
-. . . ___ .,____ _
' - arrangmnt ~-.::::~::::: _- .Thederitistcahs~jo_Ucjh_friday_., __;' __ -_----~---~----~---~---4.~= -

.
...
~'
;,_, general truths ------ :" :e ::. Bd weathet.c:an cause delays at anYtime. - 465
-----. .. - ... :.-. ---

....
asking permission - - _Can i l!seyourpfion? - 52.1
, -- .. --negative rules_ You can't srrioke here..
_ .-.- .i-.; __
49.3
____,. -------- .:-!.~<.:.:::. ;--

-.
can
--~---~--- --------,--
can't.-
_____
requests
tertain':---
.:_::.._;.;:,.;_:;__~_:--
Canyou help infw(t~ th'P5e bags'i'
:: :_' ttca_n'tb:ehei(:;ftesgn_h_bliday.~'-_
. ~---_:..:._ ___ ~_:_.....:.__. __ :-_:._.: :___. _, ..
__ __ ___
-- 53:1
.--:: --- ___
. __ .

, 47:1 ,

.,
11: can't +
have+ past
certain about the past
......: - -~.-- :. :... .:.

...
:. . ..
.: ... , ..:____:.... --- .... ..: .. .
paitkiple'

"91
cou!df
- coldn't
_ -- past abifity and possibifity
'---- -
<C~ufdJhe first_c_a,meras~ke
---- --- ---- ----

-- - . ---
----------------- ---
color' photos? -_-
. ------ . - ----- ----------.-------------------------
---- -- --- ---- permissior (formal)::.. ....;;;_:.;L__ coldWe-stayaii itfa night iiith hatl? - ''. '... 52. 1
'S--- past_permission/prohibition . In the 1960s, yocdu1dsmokei/1cinemas, -- __

,.
~ ---- -- - ---- ---- .--- .-_-. . ~ ., : _You_ coufd_n't,wear1e.a{)satf71y old schooL, - - _-
-. :: could~~"~"'2''.~R~~:~Jt but- unlikely,to~=--=-: ~,We.~ould._g.ti~~,~~~Johi:~~d}i.;_e on:a d~e!t iiland, --
... -------
- :-_. making a guess abouf the.~;fJcou/dgeta:part-:ti111)b nexu1j{l1)er. : ._ : - :;, -
-------future_ -------------- .' - - -- -- : _ _-__~; ___ : --
1,
11,

., _::_ ::.:=:__:_:::_:_'.:_::__:_; reqests <torrnal).:.: _;__:_::::tc~'u/c1y~Jetf>riie.wiigtli/s;C~:_,_-__:_

-~-~aking a 9lis~' _- - - --' :" e i11;l{'JTdbe'ii'i//iri1irfiahJfEwii<Jn8Vis?

cou/d + -' making a guesstibithe

have + past past.
participle -- _e;,

.' 'I
couldn't + . almost certairi ~bt the -
have + past _ past
----

"-t - partidpl~ .

had to! - past action necessary/not: - -We had to nave fots o(vaccTnations when we went'to 86r~e;; 49:2

. i
j
didn'thave
to

have tof
don'thave
necessary

present action necessary/

'.10t necessary
/astyear. -
We
i - _- _- _ _
didn't have to pay far the tickets. They werefree.

AJ] car passengers

Yoo d::r1't 1-Ja'.e to get a licence to
< :

have to wear a seat belt. -.

ride a bicycle,
to
1
1

ttt,

'\11
- -
_.,_..._,,,_.,,, ,,...,,.,,_,