Product Name Confidentiality level

UMTS Solution Design INTERNAL

Product Version Total pages 29

Easy Macro Site Design Guide

(For internal use only)

Prepared By Liu Hongxuan, Li Shenzhi Date 2014-12-01

Reviewed By Date

Reviewed By Date

Granted by Date

Huawei Technologies CO., LTD.

All Rights Reserved
 Easy Macro Site Design Guide INTERNAL

Change History

Date Version Description Author Reviewed by

2014-12-01 V0.1 Completed the draft. Liu Hongxuan

2015-07-06 V0.2 Updated some sections and added cases. Li Shenzhi

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Contents

1 Overview.........................................................................................................................................5
2 Site Type Selection........................................................................................................................5
2.1 Easy Macro (AAU3940).................................................................................................................................................5
2.2 SRRU (RRU3826)..........................................................................................................................................................5
2.3 BTS3902E......................................................................................................................................................................7
2.4 BTS3911E......................................................................................................................................................................8
2.5 Parameter Comparison Between Different Site Types.................................................................................................10

3 Site Design Procedure................................................................................................................11

3.1 Capacity Expansion Guideline.....................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Capacity Expansion Using Easy Macro.......................................................................................................................12

4 Hotspot Detection and Initial Site Parameter Design..........................................................13

4.1 Requirements for Easy Macro Sites in Hotspots..........................................................................................................13
4.2 Acquiring Candidate Sites............................................................................................................................................14
4.2.1 Acquiring Easy Macro Sites Manually......................................................................................................................14
4.2.2 Acquiring Easy Macro Sites Using the ASP Tool.....................................................................................................15
4.2.3 Site Acquisition Procedures of the ASP Tool............................................................................................................16

5 Site Survey....................................................................................................................................17
5.1 Common Site Resources of Easy Macro......................................................................................................................17
5.1.1 Wall Mounting...........................................................................................................................................................17
5.1.2 Rooftop Mounting on Small Buildings.....................................................................................................................18
5.1.3 Pole Mounting...........................................................................................................................................................18
5.2 Pre-site Survey..............................................................................................................................................................19
5.2.1 Case 1........................................................................................................................................................................19
5.2.2 Case 2........................................................................................................................................................................20
5.2.3 Case 3........................................................................................................................................................................21
5.2.4 Case 4........................................................................................................................................................................22
5.2.5 Summary....................................................................................................................................................................23
5.3 On-site Survey..............................................................................................................................................................23
5.3.1 Confirming the Target Area.......................................................................................................................................24
5.3.2 Confirming the Site Location....................................................................................................................................24
5.3.3 Obtaining Transmission and Power Resources.........................................................................................................24
5.3.4 Summary....................................................................................................................................................................24

6 Site Design....................................................................................................................................24
6.1 Designing the Site Height.............................................................................................................................................24
6.2 Designing the Azimuth.................................................................................................................................................25
6.3 Designing the Tilt.........................................................................................................................................................25

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7 Case Study....................................................................................................................................26
7.1 A Project for Operator A in Country T.........................................................................................................................26

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1 Overview
This document first compares the site types for traffic offloading in hotspots and coverage
supplementary, and then describes the process for Easy Macro site planning and relevant precautions,
providing reference for wireless solution design engineers, network planning engineers, and site
engineers.

2 Site Type Selection

To offload traffic in hotspots or eliminate coverage holes, a solution featuring fast development,
environment friendliness, and simple engineering is required. Candidate site types include the Easy
Macro, remote RRU, and outdoor Micro. This section describes specifications of these site types and
compares them with each, providing reference for on-site site type selection.

2.1 Easy Macro (AAU3940)

An Easy Macro (AAU3940) is an RRU with a built-in antenna. Figure 1.1 shows the appearance and
specifications of the AAU3940. Compared with traditional RRUs, the AAU3940 supports 2.1 GHz and
1.8 GHz frequency bands and UMTS and LTE modes. In addition, the good looking of the AAU3940
helps it better blend into the surroundings.

Figure 1.1 Appearance and specifications of the Easy Macro

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2.2 SRRU (RRU3826)

An RRU3826 is a blade RRU that can work with a panel antenna. The panel antenna can be fixed in the
front of an RRU3826. Compared with traditional RRUs, the SRRU features small size and does not
require external antennas, helping it better blend into the surroundings.

Figure 1.2 RRU3826

Table 2.1 describes the specifications of the RRU3826.

Table 2.1 RRU3826 Specifications

Item Specification

Frequency band (MHz) 1920 MHz to 2170 MHz

Capacity Supports four carriers.
Gain 10 dBi
Polarization mode +/-45
Horizontal beamwidth (3 65
dB)
Vertical Beamwidth (3 dB) 35
Standing wave ratio 1.5
Front to back ratio 20 dB
Electrical downtilt -10 to 10
Built-in RET (RCU)
Surge protection DC ground
Operating temperature range Antenna -40 to +85C

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Item Specification

Antenna + RRU 40C to +45C (with solar radiation of 1120 W/m2)

40C to +50C (without solar radiation)

Dimensions Antenna 400 mm (H) x 300 mm (W) x 58 mm (D)

Antenna + RRU 400 mm (H) x 300 mm (W) x 158 mm (D)
Ports on the antenna 1. Antenna port: connects to two pieces of super flexible jumpers through 7/16
DIN female connectors
2. Electrical tilt port: a 458 port for connecting to an AISG round 8-pin male
connector.

2.3 BTS3902E
BTS3902E is an outdoor Micro integrating with the BBU, RRU, and antenna. A BTS3902E features
small size and lightweight, blends better into the surroundings, and supports multiple transmission
methods. It has great advantage in site acquisition and engineering and provides fast and convenient site
solutions.

Figure 1.3 BTS3902E

Table 3.1 describes the specifications of the BTS3902E.

Table 3.1 BTS3902E Specifications

Item Specification

Frequency band Frequency band RX frequency band (MHz) TX frequency band (MHz)
2100 MHz 1920 to 1980 2110 to 2170
Capacity Two cells
Uplink: 192 CE
Downlink: 192 CE

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Item Specification

Output power The BTS3902E support two carriers. The output power of the antenna port on the RF
module 2 x 5 W.
Supports dual-carrier single-output, single-carrier MIMO, or DC+MIMO configurations.
Single-output configuration: The maximum output power of each TX channel is 5 W.
MIMO configuration: The maximum output power is 5 W+5 W.
Uneven power configuration is supported.

The maximum output power equals to the maximum output power of the power amplifier (PA)
subtracted by the internal loss. The maximum output power can be measured at the antenna port.

Receive Frequency band Single-antenna receive Dual-antenna receive

sensitivity diversity sensitivity (dBm) diversity sensitivity (dBm)
1900 MHz/2100 MHz -123.0* -125.8*

The receive sensitivity is measured at the antenna connector under the conditions stipulated in 3GPP TS
25.104: The channel rate is 12.2 kbit/s. The bit error ratio (BER) does not exceed 0.001.

Specifications of Gain 9 dBi

the built-in
antenna Polarization mode 45
Directionality Directional
Vertical Beamwidth (3 dB) >33
Horizontal beamwidth (3 dB) >60
Standing wave ratio <2
Transmission port FE/GE electrical/optical port
Dimensions (H x 300 mm x 270 mm x 120 mm (excluding the antenna and shell)
W x D) 300 mm x 280 mm x 145 mm (including the antenna and shell)
Weight 11 kg (excluding the shell and antenna)
13 kg (including the shell and antenna)

2.4 BTS3911E
The BTS3911E is an enhanced product of the BTS3902E. It supports 2.1 GHz and 1.8 GHz frequency
bands and UO to UL evolution.

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Figure 1.4 BTS3911E

Table 4.1 describes the specifications of the BTS3911E.

Table 4.1 BTS3911E specifications

Item Specification

Frequency band Frequency band RX frequency band (MHz) TX frequency band (MHz)
2100 MHz (U or L) 1920 to 1980 2110 to 2170
1800 MHz (L) 1735 to 1785 1830 to 1880
Capacity 4 cells
Uplink: 512 CE
Downlink: 512 CE
Output power The BTS3911E supports four carriers.
The output power of the antenna port on the RF module is 2 x 2 x 5 W, where the 2.1 GHz
and 1.8 GHz frequency bands respectively support 2 x 5 W.
Receive Frequency band Single-antenna receive Dual-antenna receive
sensitivity diversity sensitivity (dBm) diversity sensitivity (dBm)
2100 MHz (U) -123 -125.8
Specifications of Gain 11 dBi
the built-in
antenna Polarization mode 45
Directionality Directional
Vertical Beamwidth (3 dB) >32
Horizontal beamwidth (3 dB) >65
Transmission port FE/GE electrical port and SFP optical port
Dimensions (H x 290 mm x 300 mm x 118 mm (excluding the antenna and shell)
W x D) 290 mm x 300 mm x 166 mm (including the antenna and shell)

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Item Specification

Weight Without internal antennas: 11 kg

With internal antennas: 13 kg

2.5 Parameter Comparison Between Different Site Types

Parameters Easy Macro SRRU BTS3911E BTS 3902E
(AAU3940) (RRU3826+Antenna)

Dimension Diameter x Height x Width x Depth Height x Width x Depth Height x Width x
Height (mm): (mm): 400 x 300 x 100 (mm): Depth (mm):
150 x 750 (RRU3826) 290 x 300 x 118 300 x 270 x 120
(external antenna) (external antenna)
290 x 300 x 166 300 x 280 x 145
(internal antenna) (internal antenna)
Volume 13 L 12 L 10.2 L (external 12 L
antenna)
14.4 L (built-in
antenna)
Weight 15 kg 14 kg 11 kg (external 11 kg (external
antenna) antenna)
13 kg (built-in antenna) 13 kg (internal
antenna)
Input Power 220 V AC -48 V DC 110 V/220 V AC 110 V/220 V AC
Power 270 (typical) Single frequency band: 126 (typical)
Consumption 350 (maximum) 170 (typical), 180 145 (maximum)
(maximum)
Dual frequency band:
200 (typical), 220
(maximum)
Transmission EM+outdoor CPRI optical fiber xPON, xDSL xPON, xDSL
BBU: CPRI Wi-Fi, Microwave, Wi-Fi, Microwave,
optical fiber eRelay eRelay
EM+Blade BBU:
The backhaul
solution is similar
to that for Micro
Integration RF/Antenna Separated RF unit and Base band/RF/Antenna Base
antenna band/RF/Antenna
Freq Band 2.1 GHz + 1.8 2.1 GHz 2.1 GHz + 1.8 GHz 2.1 GHz or 850
GHz MHz or AWS

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Parameters Easy Macro SRRU BTS3911E BTS 3902E

(AAU3940) (RRU3826+Antenna)

Antenna Single antenna: Single antenna: -125.8 Single antenna: -123.0 Single antenna:
Receiver -125.6 dBm; dBm; dBm; -123.0 dBm;
Sensitivity Dual antenna: Dual antenna: -128.6 Dual antenna: -125.8 Dual antenna:
-128.4 dBm dBm dBm -125.8 dBm

Max TX power 2 x 40 W 1 x 80 W 2x2x5W 2x5W

2 x 30 W (when (The 2.1 GHz and 1.8
temperature GHz frequency bands
above 45C for a support 2 x 5 W
long time) respectively. That is,
only 2 x 5 W is
supported in UO mode)
Carrier 6C (Non-MIMO) 4C 4C 2C
4C (MIMO)
BaseBand Depend on BBU Depend on BBU Similar to the UBBP Similar to the
board WBBPd board
CE Depend on BBU Depend on BBU 512 for UO (fixed) 192 (fixed)
256 for UL (fixed)
Integrated 14.5 dBi 10 dBi 11 dBi 9 dbi
antenna gain
Vertical 3 dB 13 35 32 33
beam width
Horizontal 3 70 65 65 65
dB beam width
Electrical tilt 3 to 12 10 to 10 NA NA
Max NA NA 10 to 10 10 to 10
mechanical tilt
Support N Y Y Y
external
antenna
Support UO to Y N Y N
UL evolution
Support Y Y N N
Multiple RRUs
in One Cell

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3 Site Design Procedure

3.1 Capacity Expansion Guideline
Capacity expansion guidelines for an overloaded network are as follows:
Identifying capacity expansion requirements
Evaluate the network load based on the traffic statistics to identify the sectors and areas that require
capacity expansion. In addition, obtain the traffic and coverage map based on the MR information.
Splitting sectors
Split the overloaded sectors and obtain the sector splitting list.
Adding macro base stations
For overloaded areas after sector splitting, deploying new macro base stations is required.
However, if the distance between two macro base stations is not greater than 300 m after new ones
are deployed, do not deploy new base stations.
Adding AAU3940s or micro base stations
After sector splitting and new macro base station deployment, if overloaded sectors persist, add
new AAU3940s or small cells. The TX power of the AAU3940 can reach 20 W per carrier, which
is stronger that of micro base stations, so the initial TX power of newly deployed AAU3940s for
traffic offloading in hotspots must be set based on the traffic density of the hotspots and the power
level of surrounding macro base stations. An overly large coverage area of an AAU3940 results in
cell overload. If base stations with the TX power of less than 5 W are required, both the AAU3940
and micro base stations are proper candidates. In this case, the cost, transmission, and antenna
installation space must factor into site type selection.
The following figure shows the process of capacity expansion.

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If adding new macro sites is difficult to implement on some networks or some area, skip this step.
The guidelines in this document are provided by taking multiple factors into consideration and the
operations steps can be adjusted based on the actual network condition. For example, you may consider adding
macro base stations before splitting sectors.

3.2 Capacity Expansion Using Easy Macro

Figure 1.5 shows the process of designing the Easy Macro site.

Figure 1.5 Process of designing the Easy Macro site

During the site planning process, the TX power of AAU3940s must be designed based on the traffic
density and the power level of macro base stations. On the one hand, the capacity expansion result after
adding Easy Macro must be ensured. On the other hand, the coverage area of the added Easy Macro
must not be overly large to prevent cell congestion.

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4 Hotspot Detection and Initial Site Parameter Design

4.1 Requirements for Easy Macro Sites in Hotspots
A candidate Easy Macro site for capacity expansion must meet the following requirements:
After sector splitting and adding new macro base stations, or when sector splitting or adding new
macro base stations cannot be performed, the average busy-hour load of existing sectors reach the
capacity expansion threshold.
In the coverage area of overloaded sectors, the candidate site must be located at the hotspot where
the power level of macro base stations is not higher than -65 dBm.
The inter-site distances between new Easy Macro sites and between an Easy Macro site and a
macro base station must be greater than the distance threshold. Generally, the threshold is 70 m to
100 m in urban areas, which can be adjusted based on the actual site density.
When the preceding conditions are met, you can add new Easy Macro sites for capacity expansion to
offload traffic for overloaded sectors of macro base stations to improve network capacity and user
experience.

4.2 Acquiring Candidate Sites

Candidate Easy Macro sites can be acquired manually or using the ASP tool. Requirements on Easy
Macro hotspot selection must be met before site acquisition. The following describes how to acquire the
sites using the two methods.

4.2.1 Acquiring Easy Macro Sites Manually

If the ASP professional planning service is unavailable, you can manually plan the Easy Macro site.
Procedures of manually acquiring an Easy Macro site are as follows:
2. Identify overloaded macro base station sectors. A sector is overloaded if the downlink TCP load is
over 60% and the number of DCH users is over 20.
3. For an overloaded sector, use the traffic map and coverage map to find out the hotspots that meet
the requirements described in section 4.1"Requirements for Easy Macro Sites in Hotspots."
4. After selecting the target area for capacity expansion, perform scenario-based initial power
planning for the Easy Macro site. That is, to determine the initial TX power based on the traffic
density in the target area and the power levels of macro base stations. Table 1.1 describes different
TX powers for Easy Macro sites and the predicted coverage ranges under different power levels of
macro base stations.

Table 1.1 Coverage capability of the Easy Macro site (with a built-in 15 dBi antenna and an installation
height of 6 m)
Max Tx Power (CPICH 10%) Interference Level 5W 10 W 20 W

Urban RSCP: -75 dBm 100 m 140 m 160 m

RSCP: -85 dBm 200 m 240 m 290 m
RSCP: -95 dBm 360 m 430 m 510 m
Dense Urban RSCP: -75 dBm 80 m 100 m 120 m
RSCP: -85 dBm 150 m 180 m 210 m

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Max Tx Power (CPICH 10%) Interference Level 5W 10 W 20 W

RSCP: -95 dBm 27 m 320 m 380 m

When the TX power per carrier is set to 20 W, the maximum coverage distance (D1) of an Easy Macro
site is obtained. Assume that after an Easy Macro site is deployed, all traffic in the hotspot grid is
absorbed by the site. Obtain the total traffic in the hotspot grid before the Easy Macro site is overloaded
(consider the capacity of an Easy Macro site to be the same as that of a macro sector). Then calculate
the maximum coverage distance (D2) of the Easy Macro site. Compare the values of D1 and D2 and use
the smaller one as the target coverage distance D3. Refer to Table 1.1 to obtain the initial power for the
Easy Macro site.
5. If the size of the planned hotspot area exceeds the maximum coverage area of an Easy Macro site,
deploy multiple Easy Macro sites.

4.2.2 Acquiring Easy Macro Sites Using the ASP Tool

The principle for acquiring Easy Macro sites using the ASP tool is the same as that for manual
acquisition. However, the ASP tool enables simulated coverage prediction, making the site deployment
more accurate. In addition, you can adjust the coverage based on the predicated capacity and provide a
more accurate prediction result on traffic offloading.
The procedures of acquiring Easy Macro sites using the ASP tool are as follows:
Step 2 Select the target area for capacity expansion. After completing sector splitting and macro base station
addition, identify overloaded sectors. A sector is overloaded if the downlink TCP load is over 60% and
the number of DCH users is over 20.
Step 3 For an overloaded sector, find out the hotspots that meet the requirements described in section
4.1"Requirements for Easy Macro Sites in Hotspots." and set the power of the Easy Macro site to the
maximum value.
Step 4 Determine whether the added Easy Macro site is overloaded based on the simulated load prediction. If
the site is overloaded, reduce the TX power of the site until the predicated load of the site is below the
threshold. The threshold is the same as that for a macro sector. If the site is not overloaded, go to the
next step.
Step 5 Obtain information about the planned Easy Macro site, including the longitude and latitude, azimuth,
and initial power.
Step 6 Determine whether the macro sector remains overloaded after the Easy Macro site is added based on the
simulated load prediction. If the macro sector remains overloaded, go to step 2 to add another Easy
Macro site. If the macro sector is not overloaded any longer, go to the next step.
Step 7 After the capacity expansion plan is complete in the whole area, obtain the Easy Macro site list and
information such as the longitude and latitude, azimuth, and initial power of all sites.
----End

Figure 1.1 shows the detailed process chart.

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Figure 1.1 Acquiring Easy Macro sites using the ASP tool

With the ASP tool, you can set different site templates with different power, antenna gains, and site
heights and configure priorities for these templates. For example, if you set the highest priority to the
template with the largest TX power and the lowest priority to the template with the smallest TX power,
the tool preferentially selects the template with the largest TX power. If the traffic load is overly high,
the tool moves to the template with the second largest TX power. A proper template is selected until the
traffic load for the Easy Macro site is normal.

4.2.3 Site Acquisition Procedures of the ASP Tool

To better understand the process of acquiring an Easy Macro site, you can get familiar with the site
acquisition process of the ASP tool first. The process is described as follows:
Overloaded macro sectors in the target planning area are selected.

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The traffic map is displayed as grids. The tool traverses all nine-box grids and selects the one with
the highest traffic load based on the principled described in section 4.1"Requirements for Easy
Macro Sites in Hotspots."

From the surrounding boxes of the nine-box grid, the center of the box with the highest traffic load
is selected as the site location and the azimuth is set to face box 5.
As can be seen from the description above, the site location provided by the tool is a theoretical
one and it needs to be adjusted based on on-site conditions.

5 Site Survey
Site survey is important to Easy Macro site deployment because of the following two reasons:
Information reflected on the traffic map is not sufficiently accurate, causing offsets in hotspot
analyzing using the ASP tool and requiring on-site confirmation.
The coverage of an Easy Macro site is smaller than that of a macro base station, so the requirement
on accurate coverage is higher.
As described above, the requirement on the accuracy of on-site survey is higher for Easy Macro sites.
The site selection directly affects the subsequent traffic absorption effect. To reduce survey cost and
time, it is good practice to first use Google Earth to pre-determine the hotspot area and candidate site
locations and then confirm the locations based on the condition of transmission and power resources.
After these operations, complete the preliminary property admission negotiation.
This section describes the site survey process and issues that should be paid attention to in the process.

5.1 Common Site Resources of Easy Macro

Before performing site survey, you need to know available site resources on the target network. In this
way, you can look for the candidate site resources near the theoretical sites with specific targets.
Generally, the installation height of an Easy Macro site ranges from 4 m to 12 m. The following lists the
commonly used Easy Macro site resources.

5.1.1 Wall Mounting

The following are diagrams for installing the AAU3940 on the wall.

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An AAU3940 is generally installed on the exterior wall of a building with two or three floors. The
installation height ranges from 5 m to 10 m.

5.1.2 Rooftop Mounting on Small Buildings

The following are diagrams for installing the AAU3940 on the rooftop.

An AAU3940 is generally installed on the rooftop of a 3- to 5-floor building. Because the installation
height is above the average height of the buildings, a downtilt is required. The AAU3940 supports
remote electrical tilt (RET).

5.1.3 Pole Mounting

The following is the diagram for installing an AAU3940 on a pole.

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The AAU3940 can be installed on poles for municipal construction, such as the street lamp pole, power
pole, telephone pole, and surveillance pole. Generally, an AAU3940 is installed at the height of about 4
m to 8 m on the pole.

5.2 Pre-site Survey

As described in section 4.2.3"Site Acquisition Procedures of the ASP Tool", the site location provided
by the ASP tool are theoretical ones and they may locate in the building, in the middle of a river, or at
other places that cannot deploy site. The proper location of an Easy Macro site must be adjusted based
on the actual situation. As shown in the following nine-box grid, assume that the theoretical site location
is in the center of box 7 and the truth is that the site is unavailable there. In this case, you must select an
available site nearby and a sit in box 7 is preferred. If no site is available in box 7, a site in the near
boxes (box 4 and box 8) can be considered. If no site is available in boxes 4 and 8, a site in box 1 or 9 is
considered.
Note that after the location of the site is changed, the azimuth of the site must be changed. The azimuth
is required to face the center of the nine-box grid to ensure the coverage of the whole nine-box grid. In
conclusion, an available site must be selected based on actual situation but the coverage of the site
cannot change after the site location is adjusted, to ensure the hotspot coverage and traffic absorption
effect.

Google earth provides the street view of most cities and satellite maps for all cities. Therefore, it is good
practice to perform pre-site survey based on the satellite maps and select sites based on the clutter
information before performing site survey. By doing this, not only the survey cost and time are saved,
the network planning ability is not required for survey teams. Therefore, a satellite map-based pre-site
survey is important in ensuring the site selection accuracy and the traffic absorption ability.
The following describes the process of pre-site survey and relevant precautions by providing several
cases.

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5.2.1 Case 1
As shown in the following figure, the red sector area illustrates the theoretical site location and azimuth
provided by the ASP tool.

According to Google Street View, the theoretical site location is in the center of a building where an
AAU3940 cannot be installed. The area in the blue circle (about 20 meters from the theoretical site
location) has abundant poles for deployment, and is selected as primary candidate site. The wall of
residential buildings near the blue circle area is selected as the secondary candidate site. The following
figure shows the location of the candidate site in the street view mode.

Record the longitude and latitude of the primary and secondary candidate sites and the street view to get
ready for on-site survey. After adjusting the site location, you must adjust the main lobe azimuth of the
antenna to ensure that the coverage area remain unchanged. In this case, you must add the azimuth with
10.

5.2.2 Case 2
As shown in the following figure, the theoretical site location is in the residential building and cannot be
acquired. An available site nearby is required.

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There are plenty of telecommunication poles on a street near the theoretical site. The nearest pole is 30
meters away from the theoretical site and is selected as the candidate site, as shown in the following
picture.

Record the longitude and latitude of the candidate site and the street view information to get ready for
on-site survey.

5.2.3 Case 3
As shown in the following figure, the theoretical site location provided by the ASP tool is at the corner
of a crossroad, but the coverage targets are the residential buildings on the opposite side. Because the
road between the theoretical site and the residential building is a major road, deploying the Easy Macro
site at the theoretical site will cover only a section of the road. This deployment cannot absorb the traffic
of the target area effectively and brings a large number of handovers.
Therefore, the location of the candidate site is changed to the blue circle area shown in the figure, which
is on the other side of the main road.

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There are poles in the blue circle area and the poles are considered as primary candidate sites. Walls in
the blue circle area are secondary candidate sites. The following figure shows the candidate site
locations.

5.2.4 Case 4
As shown in the following figure, the target hotspot requiring traffic offloading is in a building and the
building is beside a main road. If the site is deployed on the theoretical site location provided by the
ASP tool, UEs moving on the main road will experience unnecessary handovers. Therefore, the location
of the candidate site is changed to the blue circle area and the coverage direction is against the main
road. The site location must keep a certain distance from the main road.

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As shown in the following figure, the telephone pole or the billboard poles near the candidate site
location can be selected for the Easy Macro site.

5.2.5 Summary
This section describes the process of pre-site survey using Google satellite maps and street views and
provides relevant cases. Pay attention to the following items during pre-site survey:
The theoretical site location provided by the ASP tool must be adjusted according to the actual
situation. Selecting a candidate site must factor in the property access, power supply, and
transmission resources.
When the site location is changed, the azimuth must be changed accordingly to ensure that the
target hotspot coverage remains unchanged.
It is good practice not to deploy Easy macros at short distances on main roads in urban areas,
thereby preventing frequent handovers of fast-moving UEs.
In scenarios where continuous coverage using multiple AAU3940s is required, combine the
locations of two or more AAU3940s as long as the coverage area of each AAU3940 remains
unchanged. In this way, the AAU3940s can share one site and the transmission and power
resources, reducing the cost.
It is good practice to acquire multiple candidate site locations for each site during pre-site survey.
Record the longitude, latitude, and street view information of each site location to get ready for on-
site survey.

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5.3 On-site Survey

During on-site survey, the target coverage area, property access, and transmission and power resources
are confirmed based on the pre-site survey result.

5.3.1 Confirming the Target Area

Pay attention to the following items when confirming the target area:
Confirm the target buildings and areas for coverage. Because there is deviation on the traffic map,
the accurate traffic hotspot area must be identified based on the actual clutters. Sometimes the
hotspot position needs to be adjusted according to the on-site condition.
Confirm the construction of the target hotspot area and take photos. Especially for standalone high
buildings, the height of the building must be confirmed, providing information for designing the
site installation height and the uptilt.
If possible, record the power level of the macro network in the target area as the calibration input
information for Easy Macro coverage.

5.3.2 Confirming the Site Location

Survey on the candidate site locations based on the pre-site survey information. Look for a new site
location only when the candidate ones are unavailable. Comply with the following principles when
selecting a site location:
The site must meet the requirements on height and bearing capacity and is capable of
implementing full coverage in the target area.
It is convenient to use existing transmission resources and the nearest power supply.
When property management companies require camouflage and residents are concerned about
radio radiation, sites are favorable for device camouflage.
The site must be surge-proof and theft-proof.
The space for installing an AAU3940 is sufficient.

5.3.3 Obtaining Transmission and Power Resources

Easy Macro uses AC power supply, so obtaining the power from the nearest power supply box is
recommended.
The backhaul mode of Easy Macro is CPRI optical fiber. If the blade BBU is together deployed, more
backhaul modes are supported, including IPRAN and wireless backhaul modes.
During on-site survey, collect information about surrounding transmission and power resources for
future use.
For detailed transmission and power solutions for Easy Macro sites, see Easy Macro System Solution-
V1.5.pptx.

5.3.4 Summary
After confirming information about the target hotspot area, candidate site locations, and transmission
and power supply, the site location is almost determined. The last step is to negotiate with the property
management companies and get the property access rights.

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6 Site Design
6.1 Designing the Site Height
Consider the following factors when designing the site height:
The average height of buildings in the target coverage area
Generally, the site is not higher than half of the average building height. For example, if there are
commercial buildings or residential buildings with four or five floors (a total height of 12 m to 15
m) in the target area, the site height is designed to be 6 m to 8 m.
The height of the object on which the site is deployed
If a place meeting the height requirement above is unavailable, adjust the uptilt or downtilt of the
antenna as compensation. For example, if an AAU3940 cannot be installed on the exterior wall or a
street lamp pole, install it on the rooftop of a lower building and adjust the downtilt of the antenna
to meet the coverage requirement.

6.2 Designing the Azimuth

Azimuth design is relatively simple, which only requires the antenna to face the target coverage area.
When the street to be covered is more than 300 m long, the antenna should not face the street directly
but buildings on one side of the street (about a 30-degree offset from the street) to prevent pilot
pollution caused by the waveguide effect.

6.3 Designing the Tilt

Uptilt design primarily applies to building coverage scenarios.
Assume that the vertical 3 db beamwidth of the antenna is , the installation height of the antenna is h1,
and the horizontal distance between the antenna and building is L, the maximum height of the main lobe
of the antenna without uptilt can be calculated using the following formula:

If the height of target building is h3 and h3 is greater than h2, antenna uptilt must be set to ensure the
coverage. The value of can be calculated using the following formula:

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Horizontal distance between the device

and the building: L

If the calculated value of exceeds the maximum adjustable range of the antenna tilt, install the antenna
at a higher position.
Downtilt design aims to prevent overshoot coverage. If the TX power of an Easy Macro site is the same
as that of the macro base stations, the coverage of the Easy Macro site must be limited to prevent signal
leakage to remote places.
When the device installation height h2 is higher than the target building height h1, assume that the
vertical beamwidth is 2 , the angle between the sea level and the line from the antenna to the building
top is ( ), and the optimal downtilt is ( +). If ( +) exceeds the adjustable range of the
antenna tilt, set the downtilt to the maximum adjustable downtilt of the antenna.

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7 Case Study
7.1 A Project for Operator A in Country T
After analyzing the target coverage area using the ASP tool, 12 sites are planned. However, due to the
property access limit, only 10 sites are deployed, as shown in the following figure.

The planning result shows that the ASP tool can accurately identify locations of the traffic hotspots and
the deployed Easy Macro sites effectively offload the traffic of macro base stations, reducing the loads
of existing sites, increasing the capacity in this area, and keeping KPIs stable. The following use one
place as an example to show the KPIs before and after the Easy Macro site is deployed there.

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As can be seen from the figures above, the Easy Macro site increases the total traffic in the area, reduces
the load of macro base station by absorbing sufficient traffic loads, and does not cause interferences,
keeping the KPIs stable.

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