1

O&M Collaboration
Gas Turbine Technical Seminar in Indonesia 2011

Basic
Basic Knowledge
Knowledge of
of
701F
701F Gas
Gas Turbine
Turbine Structure
Structure

21st September 2011

Power Systems Headquarters
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.
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CONTENTS

1. Design Features of 701F Gas turbine

2. Detail Structure of 701F Gas Turbine

3. Material of 701F Gas Turbine Hot Parts

4. Gas Turbine Cooling System of 701F Gas Turbine

5. Combustion System of 701F Gas Turbine

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 3

Gas Turbine Longitudinal Section

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Fundamental Structure of Gas Turbine

Compressor&
Casing Combustor Exhaust
Inlet Compressor Turbine Exhaust Manifold

Section Combustion
Turbine Rotor
Inlet Compressor Exhaust

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 5

Design Features of 701F Gas Turbine (1/3)

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Design Features of 701F Gas Turbine (2/3)

Cannular Type Combustor

Stacked Disc Type Rotor

Torque Pin in Turbine Curvic Coupling

Compressor Disc Spindle Bolt Disc
Fuel
Nozzle
Combustor
Basket
Transition
Piece

Air-cooled Turbine

Torque
Pin
Curvic
Coupling
Spindle Cold End Drive
Disc
Bolt
Contact
Surface

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 7

Design Features of 701F Gas Turbine (3/3)

ROTOR COOLING Tangential Strut

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8
Comparison between Cold End Drive
and Hot End Drive
Hot End Drive Combustor
Large thermal expansion
Small thermal expansion Need to apply a flexible
coupling between turbine
and generator

Difficulty to flow exhaust

gas axially.
Fixed Point
(Thrust Bering) Compressor Turbine Generator

Cold End Drive Combustor

Large thermal expansion
Small thermal expansion

Generator Compressor
Fixed Point Turbine
(Thrust Bering)
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 9

CONTENTS

1. Design Features of 701F Gas turbine

2. Detail Structure of 701F Gas Turbine

3. Material of 701F Gas Turbine Hot Parts

4. Gas Turbine Cooling System of 701F Gas Turbine

5. Combustion System of 701F Gas Turbine

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10

Inlet Section

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 11

Inlet Casing Section

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12

Inlet Guide Vane

Purpose of IGV:

Control the inlet air volume to prevent

compressor surge and to achieve
optimum cycle efficiency

Mechanism of IGV
Actuator stroke the rod horizontally

Actuator ring rotates

IGV arm rotates

Angle of IGV is changed

Volume of air flow is changed

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 13

Thrust Bearing Structure

Drain

Drain Supply
Supply

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14

Journal Bearing Structure

Supply

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 15

Bearing Seal Structure

Labyrinth LO Seal

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16

Compressor Section

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 17

Compressor Casing
#14 Bleed
Compressor Vane
(Diaphragm)

Blade Ring
Air Flow

Bleed Air Flange

Support
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To Turbine section for sealing & cooling
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18

Compressor Diaphragms

Feature:
Compressor diaphragms consist upper half and lower half.
So, Compressor diaphragms can be removed without lift up rotor

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 19

Combustion Section

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20

Combustor Arrangement
Cross Flame
FlameDetector:4pcs (2pcs/location)
tube:19pcs
Flame Detector

No cross flame tube

View Looking View Looking

with Flow with Flow

Igniter:2pcs Igniter

Ignition
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 21

Cross Flame Tube

Flame Propagation

Marman coupling Cross flame tube

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22

Igniter & Flame Detector

Igniter Flame Detector

Ignition Position
Normal Position

Air
Ultraviolet
Measurement
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 23

Dry Low NOx Combustor

Pilot Nozzle Bypass Elbow

Main Nozzle(8pcs)

Combustor
Basket
Transition Piece

Cross Flame Tube

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24
Compressor & Combustor Casing
with Dry Low NOx Combustor
Compressor & Combustor Casing Turbine Casing
Basket
Fuel Nozzle
Bypass Valve

A
Main Nozzle
Pilot Nozzle
Fuel
Pilot Nozzle By pass Air
A
Combustion Gas
Pilot Swirler

Air Main Swirler

A-A

Transition Piece
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 25

Fuel Nozzle (Dry Low Nox type 1/2)

Fuel Gas
Main
Fuel Oil
Main
Fuel Gas
Pilot
Fuel Oil
Pilot

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26

Fuel Nozzle (Dry Low Nox type 2/2)

Fuel Oil (Main) Fuel Gas (Pilot)

Fuel Oil (Pilot)

Water Injection Fuel Oil (Main)

Fuel Gas (Main)

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 27

Combustor Basket (Dry Low NOx Type)

Outer liner

Thermal
Conversion Energy Inner liner
Acoustic Energy
(Combustor pressure fluctuation) Cooling Air
Acoustic Liner MT Fin
MT Fin
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28

Transition Piece (Dry Low NOx Type)

Cooling air hole

Cooling Air

Film Cooling

MT-FIN Cooling
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 29

Bypass Valve Mechanism1/2

Bypass Ring
Bypass Body

Bypass Elbow

Connection
Rod
Actuator

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30

Bypass Valve Mechanism2/2

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 31

Turbine Section

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32

Turbine Casing Assembling

#24 Turbine Vane
#2
Cooling Air Supply
Flange

Trunnion
Bearing

Rotor Cooling Air

Bleed Flange

Trunnion Arm

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 33

Trunnion Support

Axial Thermal Expansion

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34

Turbine Vane Assembly(1/2)

#1 #2 #3 #4

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 35

Turbine Vane Assembly(2/2)

#1 #2

#3 #4
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36
Bore Scope Inspection Holes/Thermocouple
for Disk Cavity Temperature Measurement

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 37

Exhaust Section

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38
Exhaust Casing Structure & Tangential Strut
Structure
Tangential struts are designed to allow rotation
of the bearing housing during thermal growth,
which maintains rotor alignment.

Tangential
Strut

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 39

Supports for Gas Turbine

Absorb Axial Thermal Expansion

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40

Rotor Section

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 41

Gas Turbine Rotor

Torque
Compressor Rotor Turbine Rotor
Tube

Compressor Spindle Bolt Turbine Spindle Bolt

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42

Compressor Rotor Assembly

Compressor blade: 17 stages

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 43

Compressor Blade Installation

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44

Stacked Disc Type Rotor

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 45

Turbine Rotor Assembly (1/2)

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46

Turbine Rotor Assembly (2/2)

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 47

CONTENTS

1. Design Features of 701F Gas turbine

2. Detail Structure of 701F Gas Turbine

3. Material of 701F Gas Turbine Hot Parts

4. Gas Turbine Cooling System of 701F Gas Turbine

5. Combustion System of 701F Gas Turbine

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48

Turbine Blade / Turbine Vane Material

The blades use Ni Base super alloy. The alloy is required by the properties
shown below

The vanes use Co-Ni Base super alloy. The alloy is required by the properties
shown below

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 49

Combustor Material

The combustor use Ni Base super alloy. The alloy is required

by the properties shown below

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50

Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC)

T: Effect of TBC
Cooling air
Cooling air
Base metal
Base metal
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 51

Structure of TBC

(M:Co, Ni, Co+Ni)

Top coating

Under coating

Base metal

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52

CoNiCrAlY Coating

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 53

CONTENTS

1. Design Features of 701F Gas turbine

2. Detail Structure of 701F Gas Turbine

3. Material of 701F Gas Turbine Hot Parts

4. Gas Turbine Cooling System of 701F Gas Turbine

5. Combustion System of 701F Gas Turbine

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The importance of cooling system
improvement

Target Measure
Increase Turbine
Achieve better gas turbine efficiency
Inlet gas temperature

Requirement Difficulty

Need to keep the metal temperature If the temperature of metal

under the melting point reach the melting point,
the metal is melt

The improvement of cooling system is

key factor for developing GT
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 55

Gas and Blade Metal Temperature

Metal temperature can be kept as same level

even if gas temperature is increased.

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56
Cooling Method
Impingement Cooling

Impingement jet hit the airfoil internal surface

It enhances the heat transfer

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 57
Cooling Method
Film Cooling

Cover the airfoil surface with cold film air

Ho
st t ga
re s
am

Coolant air

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58
Cooling Method
Pin Fin Cooling

Pin fin promotes turbulence of cooling air flow

It enhances heat transfer

Row 1 vane

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 59
Cooling method
Turbulator

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60

Cooling Method for blade & vane

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 61

Row 1 Vane

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62

Row 1 Blade

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 63

Row 2 Vane

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64

Row 2 Blade

Slot hole

Turbulator

Cooling Air

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 65

Row 3 Vane

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Row 3 Blade

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 67

Row 4 Vane

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68

Secondary Flow System

F Series Gas Turbine Cooling Air System

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 69

Turbine Cooling Air Flow System

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70

Turbine Rotor Air Flow

Turbine Rotor Cooling Air Flow

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 71

Turbine Inner Seal Flow

Prevention of Hot Gas Reverse Flow

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Turbine Outer Seal Flow

Prevention of Hot Gas Reverse Flow

COOLING AIR

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 73

Temperature Monitoring Location

R4V Cooling Air (Comp. #6
Bleed)
R3V Cooling Air (Comp. #11 Bleed)
R2V Cooling Air (Comp. #14
Bleed)

Measurement Point
Rotor Cooling Air Temp.
Disk Cavity Temp.(#2)
Disk Cavity Temp.(#3)
Disk Cavity Temp.(#4)
Row 4 Disk Downstream

Temp.
Blade Path Temp.

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74

CONTENTS

1. Design Features of 701F Gas turbine

2. Detail Structure of 701F Gas Turbine

3. Material of 701F Gas Turbine Hot Parts

4. Gas Turbine Cooling System of 701F Gas Turbine

5. Combustion System of 701F Gas Turbine

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 75

GT Exhaust NOx Emission

GT Exhaust NOx Emission

Thermal NOx Fuel NOx

Produced by combining > Produced by combining
O2 and N2 in the Fuel
O2 and N2 in the Air

Need to decrease flame temperature

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Approach for Low NOx Combustion

To decrease thermal NOx by decreasing flame temperature

Diffusion Combustion Dry Pre-

Pre-Mix Combustion

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 77
Comparison Between diffusion Combustion
and Premix combustor

Diffusion Combustion Dry Pre-

Pre-Mix Combustion

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Design Concept of Low NOx Combustor

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 79

Mitsubishi Dry Low NOx Combustor

Multi-Main Nozzle Basket Main Nozzle

(Pre-mixed) Pilot Nozzle
Bypass Valve

Fuel Pilot Swirler

Pilot Nozzle By pass Air A-A Main Swirler
A
Combustion Gas Feature
Small pilot nozzle for
flame stabilization
Air By pass valve for
combustion stabilization
at part load
Advanced Cooling
Technology to reduce
Transition Piece cooling air
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80

DLN Control System

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 81

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