Tower Climbing

Fall Protection
Working At Height Safety
Your Name INTRODUCTION
PLEASE
Your Country of Origin

Your Department

Previous/Current Experience

Your Goal in Safety

 This Course Belongs To
You, And Its Success
Depends Largely On You.

Please Enter Into

Discussions
Enthusiastically.

Please Feel Free To Share

Your Experience With Us.
 EHS Policy

It is Huaweis prime objective that all operations are to be carried out in a safe manner,

and that every measure is to be taken to prevent personal injuries to our staff,

contracts, customer and members of the general public who have legitimate interaction

with our work operations.

 TRAINING THEME
TOWER CLIMBING AND RESCUE AT HEIGHT

TARGET POPULATION TRAINING METHODOLOGY

-Safety managers - Demonstrations
- Safety supervisors - Study of real cases as lived by participants or
- Tower Climber conceived
- Safety officers by trainers and discussed in workshops
- Site supervisors - Practical Exercise.
- Other worker Related To Work At Height.

DURATION 01 days

DATE At your convenience

PLACE At your convenience

 Course Objectives

The objective of this course is to gain an understanding of:

hazards associated with Tower Climbing operations

safe working procedures while performing tower climbing operations

Understand the definitions of fall prevention, fall restraint, and fall arrest.

Know how to inspect and wear personal fall arrest system equipment

safety and rescue equipment to be used in climbing operations.

(PFAS)..
 Why is safety important

The Importance of Safety. A serious workplace injury or death

changes lives forever for families, friends, communities, and

coworkers too. Human loss and suffering is immeasurable.

Occupational injuries and illnesses can provoke major crises for the

families in which they occur.

 DO You Know?

Did you know that according to the Department of Labors Bureau of Labor

Statistics, tower climbers and erectors have the most dangerous job in The

World.

More Then 5000 Worker Just Like You And Me are Injured Due To Fall in Height,

And More The 600 Died Each Year.

Research carried out by various agencies shows that falls from height usually occur
as a result of poor management control and/or risky behaviors rather than because
of equipment failure.

Common factors include:

a. Failure to recognize the hazards and to assess the associated risk;

b. Failure to provide safe systems of work;

c. Failure to confirm that safe systems of work are followed;
d. Inadequate information, instruction, training or supervision;
e. Failure to use appropriate safety equipment, including Personal Protective
Equipment
(PPE), for example safety harnesses;
f. Failure to provide safe plant/equipment
 COMMUNICATION TOWER FACTS

Over 30,000 towers currently registered with Communication & Information

Technology Commission in Saudi Arabia
Micro Cell Pole (MCP)
GROUND BASE TOWERS
Since less land space is required for microcell
sites, they are generally less capital intensive and
require less time to construct compared to macro
cell sites, although due to the more extensive
infrastructure provided to tenants at microcell
sites, lease fees for microcell sites are generally
higher than lease fees for macro cell sites.
Macro Cell Pole (MCP)
4 Legged Supporting Tower
GROUND BASE TOWERS
This four-legged tower has the ability to carry
moderate to heavy accessory loads without
the use of support cables. It features angle
Legs and angle bracing and is appropriate for
nearly all communication applications.
3Legged Self Supporting Tower
GROUND BASE TOWERS
This widely used three-legged self-supporting
tower has the ability to carry moderate to
heavy accessory loads. Built with tubular legs
without the use of supporting cables, this
tubular design features improved strength-per-
pound ratio. Engineered to meet your height
requirements, this tower is appropriate for
nearly all communication applications.t
Camouflage Tower
GROUND BASE TOWERS
STP utilises decorative or camouflaged towers
in the form of either a tree, water tank,
minaret or a lamp post that is a more visually
acceptable option in urban areas. Constructed
of extremely durable materials our
camouflaged towers are capable of
withstanding the most severe conditions and
any municipality wind load requirements while
still providing cell coverage.
Monopole
GROUND BASE TOWERS
Constructed with high strength steel to your
specifications, our tapered monopoles are
designed to carry wireless and microwave
communication equipment. For safety
purposes, our monopoles also feature tie-off
brackets at each elevation.
Roof Top Towers (RTT)
Our tower site portfolio also includes RTT
which are typically used in urban areas where
there is no available land space for installation
of a GBT. RTT include both self-supporting
towers and poles. Although self-supporting
RTT are typically designed to accommodate
three or more tenants; and the potential for
additional co-locations on self-supporting RTT
and poles is often limited by low weight
bearing capacity as well as low height which
reduces the effectiveness of signal
transmission and coverage
 Rooftop & Existing
Structures

Wall Mounts

Rooftop
Non-Penetrating
Frames
 Where Do Fatal Falls Occur

Floors, Loading
Docks, Ground Non-moving
Where Do
Level 4%
Fatal Falls Occur
Vehicles 3%
Other 12%

Structural Steel
9% Tower Climbing
37%

Ladders 15%
Scaffolds 20%
 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

CLIMBING TOWERS IS A COMPLEX AND DANGEROUS OPERATION THAT REQUIRES

A HIGH LEVEL OF

MENTAL ALERTNESS

PHYSICAL FITNESS

PREPARATION

KNOWLEDGE

EXPERIENCE AND TRAINING.

 Fit to Work

All climbers/Riggers who climb as part of their business for Huawei must:

Be medically fit to climb. As a minimum a medical examination must be

performed by a qualified medical practioner once every 5 years for people under
the age of 40 & once every 2 years for 40+. Medical examination must as a
minimum cover general fitness, flexibility and movement, cardio vascular health,
medical history, hearing and eyesight.
Must inform their employer at any point where they are no longer considered fit
to climb
 Principles

All employees & contractors will be medically fit to climb.

All employees will be trained.
All employees will have suitable and appropriate PPE.
All employees will be aware of the rules & follow them at all times.
 What is Work At Height ?

Work at height is work in any place, where a person could be injured if they
fell from that place.

Work at height means work in any place where, if there were no precautions
in place, a person could fall a distance liable to cause personal injury.

Any work
where a person could fall into an opening in a floor or a hole in the ground is
also defined as work at height.
 EXAMPLE OF WORK AT HEIGHT .

AT HEIGHT INCLUDE WORK INCLUDING

INSTALLING AND MAINTAINING ROOFS, TOWER CLIMBING.

CLEANING GUTTERS AND SERVICING AND MAINTAINING PLANT

SITUATED ON ROOF TOPS; WORK ON LADDERS,

SCAFFOLDS AND MOBILE ELEVATING WORK

PLATFORMS SUCH AS CHERRY PICKERS; AND WORK

ON VEHICLES FOR EXAMPLE, WHEN STANDING

ON TRAILERS DURING LOADING OPERATIONS

working at height ------ spot the hazards
 working at height ------ spot the hazards

1. Operatives not wearing safety helmets

2. No edge protection to roof nothing to stop materials falling off
3. Roof ladder not long enough
4. Access ladder tied to gutter
5. Ladder leaning on gutter
6. Access ladder too short
7. Manual handling
8. Unprotected skylight
9. Operative kneeling on fragile roof materials
10. Operative not wearing sensible clothing
11. Loose tools in bag liable to fall out onto
persons below
 3 Dangerous Attitudes that Lead to Fatal Fall

1. Dont Work Very High.

2. I Have Good Balance

3. Ill Catch Myself

Any of these things could result in an

otherwise balanced worker
plummeting to their death
How long does it take to fall?

In 1 second your body

will fall 16 feet

Good body reaction

time= 0.5 seconds
 (POTENTIAL HAZARDS)

FALLING FROM THE TOWER

BENT, LOOSE, WET OR MISSING LADDER RUNGS AND/OR TOWER

SUPPORT MEMBERS

LOOSE OR RUSTY BOLTS

ANTENNAS, EQUIPMENT AND/OR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS IN THE

CLIMBING PATH

FALLING TOOLS OR EQUIPMENT

ENERGIZED ANTENNAS

HIGH WINDS
 (POTENTIAL HAZARDS)

ELECTRICAL WIRES AND/OR EQUIPMENT

INSECTS, BIRDS OR OTHER ANIMALS

BRIGHT SUNSHINE OR INTENSE GLARE

EXTREME HEAT OR COLD

CHANCE OF RAIN, SNOW OR HAIL

SNOW AND/OR ICE ON THE TOWER OR FALLING FROM IT

CHANCE OF EXTREME WEATHER SUCH AS THUNDERSTORMS,

HURRICANES, TYPHOONS OR TORNADOES

CHANCE OF EARTHQUAKES

POTENTIAL FOR VIOLENCE

Working At Height Hazard
 TOWER CLIMBING SAFETY PROCEDURE

(PRE-CLIMB SAFETY MEETING AND PLAN)

Prior to each climb the leader of the work crew shall conduct a Pre-Climb Safety
Meeting to:
identify and review potential hazards and how to deal with them

identify appropriate equipment and tools to be used for the job

plan out the actual climb and identify appropriate anchorage points

review rescue and emergency procedures

develop and review written, site-specific Tower Climbing Safety Work Plan
 TOWER CLIMBING SAFETY PROCEDURE
(PRE-CLIMB SAFETY INSPECTION)

EACH TOWER CLIMBING WORK CREW SHALL INSPECT THE TOWER PRIOR TO EACH
CLIMB. IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING DEFECTS ARE FOUND, THE CREW SHALL NOT
CLIMB THE TOWER UNTIL THE PROBLEM IS CORRECTED BY A QUALIFIED TOWER
CONSTRUCTION PROFESSIONAL:

LOOSE STRUCTURES, MISSING BOLTS, BROKEN

PARTS OR SIGNS OF VANDALISM.
CRACKS, BENDS, LOOSE CONNECTIONS
OR METAL FATIGUE.
RUST OR BUCKLING DUE TO WATER FREEZING
IN PIPE SUPPORTS
GUY WIRES THAT ARE BROKEN, FRAYED OR
 TOWER CLIMBING SAFETY PROCEDURE

(PRE-CLIMB EQUIPMENT INSPECTION)

ALL CERTIFIED EMPLOYEES SHALL INSPECT THEIR TOWER CLIMBING SAFETY AND
RESCUE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO EACH CLIMB.

HARNESSES

LANYARDS AND ACCESSORIES WITH CUTS

WORN SPOTS

EXCESSIVE ABRASIONS

MATERIAL SEPARATION OR FATIGUE, OR CRACKS SHALL BE REMOVED FROM

SERVICE IMMEDIATELY.
 Specific Risks to Work at Height during Night in Saudi Arabia and Adequate
Precautions.

Working on towers at night is permitted if it is not possible to re-schedule the work to

daylight hours AND the following measures are taken

A. All climbers shall maintain radio contact with the ground crew at regular
intervals
B. all climbers shall use hard hats that are equipped with a light of sufficient
illumination to allow the work to be done safely

Identifying and responding to the presence of wild animals and insects : special
risk at night exists often and relevant to the presence of snakes, bees sting. For this
purpose, it is highly recommended to perform a pre check visit to the area or the
site during day time to verify if the site is clean
 Specific Risks to Work at Height during Night in Saudi Arabia and
Adequate Precautions.

An Emergency Action Plan communicated in place; The EAP should

consider night activity to be delivered only in presence of certified first

aiders within the team, with valid first aid box and a tower rescuer being

part of the team, 24/7 contact number, nearest hospital to site,

availability of transportation etc.

No work at height at night will be

allowed during heavy wind or wet
condition (raining or just rained).
 Type of Worker

Roof Top Worker A person who accesses roof tops as part of their work and is required
to work on roofs in protected and unprotected areas in a variety of exposed locations.

Basic Climber A worker required to access structures by fixed or portable ladders and
work on protected platforms.

Advanced Climber- A worker required to access and work on open lattice steelwork and
monopole structures and be trained in basic rescue from height techniques.

Rigger A person competent in rigging and using simple lifting rigs to undertake the
lifting of tools & equipment.
 Type of Worker

Rope access Technician A person who is capable of rigging working ropes,

undertaking rescues and performing rope access tasks under the supervision
of a rope access supervisor. They will have some knowledge of legislation,
safety requirements and quality assurance procedures relating to rope access.

Rope Access Supervisor A person who is capable of supervising rope access

work projects and fully conversant with relevant work techniques and
legislation. Is able to demonstrate all the skills and knowledge required of a
rope access technician and has comprehensive knowledge of advanced rescue
techniques.
 What is Fall Protection ?

Fall protection is the backup system planned for a worker who could loose his
balance at height, in order to control or eliminate injury potential.

A system to protect workers from falls and injury (or death) when working at
heights.
 Hierarchy of Fall Protection

IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED BY
GOVERNING BODIES THAT THE
HIERARCHY OF FALL PROTECTION
SHOULD PROVIDE THE STARTING
POINT FOR CONSIDERING WHAT
TYPE OF FALL PROTECTION
SYSTEM IS REQUIRED.
 Hierarchy of Fall Protection

Eliminate the risk

Avoid work at height where possible or locate

plant and equipment in safe locations where
there is no risk of a fall.
 Hierarchy of Fall Protection

2. Guard the hazard

When working at height is essential, ensure that

workers are not exposed to unnecessary risks, consider providing a parapet or
guardrail to eliminate the fall hazard.
2. Guard the hazard
 Hierarchy of Fall Protection
3. Protect the worker

WHERE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ELIMINATE THE RISK OF FALLING, USE A SUITABLE

FALL PROTECTION SYSTEM TO MINIMIZE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A FALL. THIS
CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH A FALL ARREST OR FALL RESTRAINT SYSTEM.
 When Is Fall Protection Required?

Fall protection is required for work on forms or steel reinforcing over

6 OR (2M) in height
 Types of Falls

There are 2 main types of Falls.

HEIGHT FALL SWING FALL

 Swing Fall Hazard

THE FARTHER YOU MOVE SIDEWAYS FROM YOUR ANCHOR POINT, THE
GREATER THE CHANCE OF SWINGING IF YOU FALL. THIS IS KNOWN AS THE
"PENDULUM EFFECT."

AND THE MORE YOU SWING, THE GREATER

THE FORCE WITH WHICH YOU'LL STRIKE
COLUMNS, WALLS, OR OTHER OBJECTS
IN YOUR PATH.
 Slips

Slips happen where there is too little friction or traction between the footwear
and the walking surface.

Common causes of slips are

Wet or oily surfaces.

Occasional spills.
Weather hazards.
Mats flooring or other walking surfaces
hat do not have same degree of traction in all areas.
TRIPS

Trips happen when your foot collides (strikes, hits) an object causing you to
lose the balance and, eventually fall.

COMMON CAUSES OF TRIPPING ARE:

Obstructed view.
Poor lighting.
Clutter in your way.
Uncovered cables.
Uneven (steps, thresholds) walking
surfaces.
Trips
# PPE Tool EN Code

Full Body Harness 5 Attachment Points, EN 358, EN 361 & EN 813

1 Body Harness
Positioning

Double Lanyard EN 355 equipped with shock absorber & Steel Twist
2 Double Lanyard
Lock & automatic Karabiner EN362

Adjustable Lanyard EN 358 , 2 Meter 12.5mm static rope with Steel

3 Trigger Braided
Lever Lock EN 362 & Steel Twist Lock , automatic Karabiner EN362

4 Rope Fall Arrester Rope Fall Arrester - EN353/2 with Karabiner EN 362

5 Wire Fall Arrester Wire Fall Arrester - For wire 8 mm -EN 353/1

6 Rope 10.5 10.5 mm Rope - Static -Kernmantel - EN 1891/A

7 Rope 12.5 12.5 mm Rope - Static -Kernmantel -EN 1891/A

8 Pulley Pulley Fixed with bearings EN 12278 - For ropes up to 12.5 mm - 30 KN

9 Pulley Sling 1.2 m - EN 795

10 Karabiner Connector Automatic/Twist Lock- Steel - EN 362 - 30 KN

Safety helmet with chin strap EN
60903 or equivalent .

. Gloves, EN 60903 or equivalent

 Four point harnesses, EN 361 and EN 358 or
equivalent

4. Twin tie back fall arrest shock absorbing

lanyards, EN 355 or equivalent
Work Positioning belt to be hand free, EN
362 or equivalent

Vertical fall arrest system traveler for steel

rope life line
Vertical fall arrest system traveler for ladder
rail system

Restraint Lanyard, EN 362 or equivalent

 TYPES OF FALL PROTECTION

A. FALL RESTRAINT SYSTEM.

B. FALL ARREST SYSTEM.

C. FALL POSITIONING SYSTEM

 FALL RESTRAINT SYSTEM

Fall Arrest System is a system of equipment designed to protect the wearer in the

event of a fall, consisting of a full body harness, a shock absorbing lanyard or a Self-

Retracting Lifeline, and an anchor point.

 FALL ARREST SYSTEM

PERSONAL FALL ARREST EQUIPMENT HAVE THREE PARTS.

OR IT IS ALSO CALLED ABCS METHOD. (FPE)

A. ANCHOR POINTS.

B. BODY HARNESS .

C. CONNECTORS.
 ANCHOR POINTS

ALSO KNOWN AS THE TIE-OFF POINT, THIS IS THE POINT OF

ATTACHMENT
FOR THE LANYARD OR LIFE LINE.
ANCHOR MUST SUPPORT 5,000 LBS OF PRESSURE OR TWICE
THE EXPECTED
LOAD.
 ANCHOR POINTS

Designed for the sole use attachment of fall protection. They must:

Be identified, tested and certified.

Be periodically inspected by an appropriate qualified person and they
must be labeled for identification.
Not be used for lifting
 Basic Types of Anchor

Designed fixed support load-rated anchors designed and permanently

installed for fall protection purposes

Temporary fixed support anchor systems designed to be connected to

the structure using specific installation instructions

 Climber Attachment Points - Examples

When a Safety Climb Cable is blocked on a monopole there are several possible
solutions available.
Positive Connection with Anchorage Points
 Basic Types of Anchor

Permanent Anchors Wood Roof Anchor Metal Roof Anchor

ANCHOR POINT SELECTION
 2. Full Body Harness

(Full Body Harness 4 Attachment Points, EN 358, EN 361 & EN 813

Positioning) This equipment must comply with ANSI Z359.1
standards.

FULL BODY HARNESS CONSISTS OF

STRAPS PASSED
OVER THE SHOULDERS
ACROSS WAIST AND CHEST
AROUND THE LEGS

CONSTRUCTED OF NYLON FLAT-WEAVE

WEBBING

Minimum breaking strength of 6000 lb

 HARNESS FITTING

Chest strap tightened

at mid chest D ring between
shoulder blades

Butt strap

Leg straps snug but supports the load

not binding
 FALL ARREST SYSTEM
Pull leg strap between
Hold harness legs and connect to
by back D-ring. opposite end. Repeat
Shake harness to 4 with second leg strap.
1 allow all straps to
Connect waist strap, if
present. Waist strap
fall in place. should be tight but not
binding.

If chest, waist Connect chest strap and

position in midchest area
and/ or leg straps 6 (152mm) to 8 (203mm)
are buckled, below the trachea but
2 release straps 5 not below the sternum.
Tighten
and unbuckle at to keep shoulder straps
this time. taut.

Slip straps over After all straps have been

shoulders so buckled, tighten all
D-ring is located webbing so that harness
3 in middle of 6 fits snug but allows
full range of movement.
back between Pass excess strap
shoulder blades. through loop keepers.
Full body harnesses shall be periodically inspected for the following

Cuts, tears, and chafing.

(2) Electrical burns.

(3) Physical deterioration.

(4) Ultraviolet deterioration.

(5) Wear on connection devices.

(6) Evidence of shock loading.

(7) Chemical damage and/or deterioration

Suspect body harnesses shall be destroyed.

Body harnesses shall be stored in a dry, dark,

and a protected environment
 CONNECTING DEVICE OR CONNECTORS

(Double Lanyard EN 355 equipped with shock absorber & Steel

Twist Lock & automatic Karabiner EN362)
ANSI Z359.1
CONNECTING DEVICE OR
CONNECTORS
 Lanyards with Energy Absorber.
a. Lanyards and their associated energy absorbers shall be used in accordance with
the following:
(1) Possible falls into a fall arrest system shall not exceed 6 feet (1.9 m) free fall,
9.5 feet (2.9 m) total fall distance, and 1,800 pounds (8kN) maximum force.
(2) Manufacturer's shock force data or test data should be incorporated into the
total arrest system design (including anchorage).
(3) Energy absorbers that have shock force indicators should be used (when
available).
(4) Lanyards shall be equipped with self-locking snaphooks or carabiners.
(5) Lanyards shall not be knotted.
(6) Lanyards shall not be attached back onto themselves unless they are designed
by the manufacturer to function in that capacity
 Lanyards and energy absorbers shall be inspected for the
following:

Partial activation of the energy absorbing device.

(2) Cuts, tears, and chafing.
(3) Electrical burns.
(4) Physical and ultraviolet light deterioration.
(5) Wear on snaphooks.
(6) Operation of snaphooks.
(7) Chemical damage and/or deterioration

Suspect lanyards and/or energy absorbing equipment shall be tagged Do Not

Use before they are destroyed. Lanyards and energy absorbing devices shall be stored
in a dry, dark, and protected environment.
POSITIONING SYSTEM
 Fall Restraint System

All restraint system prevents people from reaching a fall

hazard through a tie off system.

This system allow a person access to conduct their duties but

prevent them from reaching a point where a fall could occur.

Restraint systems are generally positioned more than 2 meters

from the hazard. This is because common practice is for the
worker to be connected to the system by a fixed length 1.5 m
lanyard
Safety Climb Cables
damaged by the Antenna
Mount. Open Safety
Climb Ticket.
Cable Damage
RUST
Cable Block
Cable Block