CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................1

1.1. General Description of the Environmental Issues .......................................1

1.2. Summary of Significant Environmental Impacts ..........................................4

2. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................6

2.1. Project Understanding, Overview and Background .....................................6

2.1.1. Objective of the EIA .................................................................................6
2.1.2. Project Location ......................................................................................7
2.1.3. Data Sources ...........................................................................................7
2.2. Report Structure/Method .............................................................................8
2.2.1. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Process ...................................8
2.2.2. Report Structure .....................................................................................10
2.3. Justification ...............................................................................................15

3. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................16

3.1. Local and National Regulatory Policies & Standards ................................16

3.1.1. Royal Commission Environmental Regulations .....................................16
3.1.2. Royal Commission EIA Guidelines.........................................................16
3.1.3. Best Available Techniques (BAT)...........................................................16
3.1.4. Saudi National / Presidency for Meteorology & Environment
(PME) ...................................................................................................17
3.1.5. Islamic Principles for the Conservation of the Natural
Environment .........................................................................................18
3.2. International Regulations/Guidelines .....................................................18
3.2.1. PME Regulations ...................................................................................18
3.2.2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) ...................................18
3.2.3. European Union (EU) .............................................................................19
3.2.4. WHO-Public Health & Environment........................................................19
3.2.5. IFC Performance Standards ..................................................................19
3.2.6. Equator Principles ..................................................................................20
3.2.7. World Bank Standards ...........................................................................21
3.3. Regulatory Basis for the EIA .....................................................................21
3.4. General Scope of the EIA .........................................................................23

4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND LAYOUT OF THE

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT .............................................................24

4.1. Project Location ........................................................................................24

4.2. Process Description Overview ..................................................................25
4.2.1. Utilities .................................................................................................. 26
4.2.2. Distillation Plant...................................................................................... 27
4.2.3. Tank Farm .............................................................................................. 28
4.2.4. Other Facilities ....................................................................................... 30
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5. AIR QUALITY & METEOROLOGY ....................................................... 31

5.1. Baseline Climate and Meteorology ........................................................ 31

5.1.1. Overview ................................................................................................ 31
5.1.2. Temperature, Relative Humidity and Wind Velocity ............................... 33
5.1.3. Precipitation........................................................................................... 35
5.1.4. Sandstorms and Dust Storms ................................................................ 39
5.1.5. Incident Solar Radiation and Evaporation Rate ...................................... 41
5.2. Baseline Air Quality ............................................................................... 45
5.3. Air Quality Impacts During Construction ................................................ 47
5.3.1. Dust and PM Emissions from Surface Disturbances .............................. 47
5.3.2. Combustion Pollutants from Engines ..................................................... 48
5.3.3. Results ................................................................................................... 49
5.4. Sources of Air Pollutants During Operation ........................................... 51
5.4.1. Types of Sources ................................................................................... 51
5.4.2. Fugitive Emissions ................................................................................. 52
5.4.3. Storage Tanks ........................................................................................ 52
5.5. Impacts During Operations .................................................................... 53
5.6. Greenhouse Gas Emissions .................................................................. 53

6. TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT .......................................................... 55

6.1. Regional Geology .................................................................................. 55

6.2. Regional Hydrogeology ......................................................................... 56
6.3. Baseline Soil and Groundwater Investigation ........................................ 58
6.3.1. Temporary Monitoring Well Installation .................................................. 58
6.3.2. Ground Water Sampling ......................................................................... 59
6.3.3. Soil Sampling ......................................................................................... 62
6.3.4. Review of Groundwater Data ................................................................. 62
6.4. Potential Impacts ................................................................................... 62

7. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ................................................................ 64

7.1. Saudi Arabia protected areas and species ............................................ 64

7.2. Terrestrial Environment ......................................................................... 66
7.3. Marine Environment .............................................................................. 66
7.4. Sabkhat Al Fasl ..................................................................................... 68

8. NOISE AND VIBRATIONS ............................................................70

8.1. Baseline Environment ........................................................................ 70

8.2. Noise Impacts .................................................................................70
8.2.1. Impacts: Construction ....................................................................... 70
8.2.2. Impacts: Operations .......................................................................... 72
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9. WASTE MANAGEMENT ...............................................................73

9.1. Impact Assessment: Construction/Decommissioning .............................. 74

9.2. Impact Assessment: Operation ............................................................. 76
9.3. W aste, Storage, Transport, Treatment, Disposal and
Monitoring .................................................................................. 77

10. WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT ................................................. 80

10.1. Construction Activities ........................................................................ 80

10.1.1. Dewatering ...................................................................................... 80
10.1.2.Surface Treatment and Wash Water ................................................... 80
10.1.3. Hydrotest Water .................................................................................. 81
10.1.4.Sanitary Wastewater ............................................................................ 81
10.2. Operations ......................................................................................... 82
10.2.1. Industrial Wastewater Sources ........................................................... 82
10.2.2.Cooling Water................................................................................... 82
10.2.3.Storm Water Management ................................................................ 82
10.2.4.Sanitary Wastewater Management ...................................................... 82

11. MARINE ENVIRONMENT ..............................................................83

11.1. Baseline ...........................................................................................83

11.1.1.General Conditions .......................................................................... 83
11.2. Impacts ............................................................................................85

12. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS ....................................................... 86

12.1. Baseline Information ........................................................................... 86

12.2. Impacts ............................................................................................88

13. TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ......................... 90

13.1. Introduction ........................................................................................ 90

13.2. Baseline Environment ......................................................................... 90

14. UTILITIES INFRASTRUCTURE AND USAGE ...................... 93

14.1. Baseline.................................................................................. 93
14.2. Impacts ................................................................................... 93

15. ARCHAEOLOGY AND CULTURAL HERITAGE.................... 95

16. HEALTH AND SAFETY CONDITIONS.................................. 96

16.1. Introduction............................................................................. 96
16.2. Baseline Assessment ............................................................. 96
CONTENTS
16.3. Impact Assessment ................................................................ 97
16.4. Mitigation Measures ............................................................... 97
16.4.1. Construction and Commissioning .......................................... 97
16.4.2. Operation and Decommissioning .......................................... 97
16.4.3. Monitoring ............................................................................. 101

17. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT ................ 102

17.1. Integration of Sustainable Development Elements ................. 102

17.1.1. Health and Safety .................................................................. 102
17.1.2.Energy Use............................................................................. 102
17.1.3.Transport ................................................................................ 103
17.1.4.Water Use .............................................................................. 103
17.1.5. Construction Planning ........................................................... 103

18. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................ 105

19. CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ASSESSMENT ............................. 107

20. DETERMINATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EFFECTS 109

21. MITIGATION MEASURES ..................................................... 112

21.1. Water Quality ......................................................................... 112

21.1.1. Construction 112
21.1.2. Operations ............................................................................ 113
21.2. Waste Management... 114
21.2.1. Construction .......................................................................... 114
21.2.2. Operations ............................................................................ 115
21.3. Air Pollutants... 115
21.3.1. Construction .......................................................................... 115
21.3.2. Operations ............................................................................ 117
21.4. Noise 117
21.5. Health and Safety... 118

22. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 119

PLAN (EMMP) ....................................................................................

22.1. Construction ........................................................................................ 119

22.2. Operation ............................................................................................ 120
22.2.1.Noise Control ...................................................................................... 121
22.2.2.Dust Control ......................................................................................... 122
22.2.3.Spill Prevention Control ....................................................................... 122
22.2.4.Waste Management............................................................................. 122
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22.2.5. Air Quality .......................................................................................... 124
22.2.6.Water Discharge Control ..................................................................... 124
22.3. Monitoring and Reporting ..................................................................... 124
22.3.1.Wastewater Effluents ........................................................................... 124
22.3.2. Waste ................................................................................................. 124
22.3.3. Noise .................................................................................................. 125
22.3.4. Groundwater ....................................................................................... 125

ACRONYMS:

APPENDICES:

Appendix 1 Environmental Aspects Register

Appendix 2 Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)

Appendix 3 Soil and Groundwater Monitoring Results

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Location of the Anisole Distillation Facility.......................................................................................... 7

Figure 2-2 Impacts Assessment Matrix ................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 4-1 Overall Generic Process Flow Diagram .................................................................................... 24
Figure 4-2 Location of the Anisole Distillation Plant Site ............................................................................ 25
Figure 5.1 Location of Permanent Ambient Air Quality and Meteorological monitoring Stations ............... 32
Figure 5.2 Annual Wind Rose for 2006 at Site 01 ............................................................................................. 35
Figure 5.3 Annual Wind Rose for 2006 at Site 02 ............................................................................................. 36
Figure 5.5 Comparison of the Ambient Air and Gulf Water Temperatures in Jubail Industrial City, KSA ........ 38
Figure 5.6 Annual Rainfall Totals in Jubail From 1979 to 2006 ......................................................................... 39
Figure 5.7 Daily Average Solar Radiation by Month for JIC during the Period 1987 to 2006 .................... 43
Figure 6.1 Groundwater Monitoring Wells Location ................................................................................................59
Figure 7.1 Distribution of Saudi Arabian protected areas (Source: www.ncwcd.gov.sa, 2013).............................64
Figure 7.2 Jubail Marine Wildlife Sanctuary....................................................................................................... 67
Figure 8.1 Location of Noise Measurements ...........................................................................................................71
Figure 11.1 Coastal Area Surrounding Jubail Industrial City ...................................................................... 84
Figure 12.1 Employment structure in Jubail (Source: www.rcjy.gov.sa, date unknown) .................................. 87

LIST OF TABLES
Table 51. Meteorological Data Summary January 1988 December 2006 (Jubail Industrial City, KSA
Site 01) ....................................................................................................................................................37
Table 52. Meteorological Data Summary January 1988 December 2006 (Jubail Industrial City, KSA
Site 02) ....................................................................................................................................................38
Table 53. Annual and Monthly Precipitation 1979 2006 (Jubail Industrial City, KSA (mm) ....................... 40
Table 54. Sandstorm/ Dust storm Frequency of Occurrence (%) (Jubail Industrial City, KSA 1981
2002) ............................................................................................................................................................... 41
Table 5-5. Average Daily Solar Radiation (Langley) Site 01 (Jubail Industrial City, KSA 1987 -
December 2006) ........................................................................................................................ 43
Table 5-6. Class A - pan Cumulative Evaporation Jubail Industrial City 1979 2006 (mm) measured
at Site 01 ................................................................................................................................... 44
Table 5.7. Baseline Air Quality Data.................................................................................................................. 46
Table 5.8 Summary of Construction Emission Estimates .......................................................................... 50
Table 5.9 Summary of Storage Tanks ........................................................................................................ 54
Table 6.1. Aquifers in Region of Jubail .............................................................................................................. 57
Table 6.2. Temporary Wells Location Coordinates............................................................................................ 59
Table 7.1. List of Protected Areas in Saudi Arabia (Source: www.ncwcd.gov.sa, 2013) .......................................68
Table 7.2 Species Classified as Red List Species by the ICUN........................................................................ 68
Table 8.1 Summary of Short Term Baseline Noise Measurements .................................................................. 71
Table 9.1 Estimates of Total Waste Generation during Construction Activities............................................... 74
Table 9.2 Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Generation and Disposal During Operations .................................... 76
Table 9.3 Hazardous Solid/Liquid Waste Generation and Disposal During Operations ........................... 78
Table 9-4. Example of Waste Inventory Table .................................................................................................. 78
Table 14-1. Utilities Usage by GCI plant ........................................................................................................... 94
Table 16.1: Health and Safety Issues ........................................................................................................ 98
Table 20-1. Severity Index and Values ........................................................................................................... 109
Table 20-2. Probability Index and Values........................................................................................................ 110
Table 20-3. Significance Matrix ....................................................................................................................... 111