Prof.

Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

Grammar
I. Pronouns

Examples
1. I want the book
2. The book is mine. It is not yours
3. They helps us
4. Us helps they*
5. She likes her
6. Her knows I*

Subject Possessive Possessive

Object pronouns
pronouns adjectives pronouns
I me my mine
you you your yours
he him his his
she her her hers
it it its (not used)
we us our ours
you you your yours
they them their theirs

II. verbs
The Simple Present

The simple present is used for regular actions, facts and habits.

a. For repeated or regular actions

1. I take the bus to university.
2. The train to Fes leaves every ten minutes.
b. For facts
1. The President of the U.S lives in the White House.
2. The sun rises from the east.
c. For habits
1.I wash my hands before I eat.
2. We travel to Casablanca every weekend.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

Note: gogoes; catchcatches; washwashes; passepasses;

buzzbuzzes
marrymarries; worryworries; studystudies
saysays; enjoyenjoys; playplays
Negative:
1. She doesnt play chess.
2. We dont have time for a rest.
3. They dont like music.
4. It doesnt matter.

Exercises
A/ Put the verb into the correct tense form:
1. Adam is very weak at languages. He (speak)............................. only
French and Arabic.
2. My uncle and I (live)in Azemour.
3. Laura (not/like)..cheese.
4. We (have)..lunch at 2:00 p.m.
5. You (sing)well.
6. (you/play)..tennis?
7. (Camal/drive)?
8. (cats/eat)bread?

B) Write short sentences:

Example:
(Chris, 9, student, short, not Chinese)
..Chris is nine years old. He is a student. He is short. He isnt
Chinese..

1. (Leonard and Mike, 25, firemen, tall, American)

.

2. (Patty and Brian, 12, not electrician, short, not Turkish children)


3. (Natalie and I, nurse, not tall, French)


4. (Mark, 19, accountant, short, British)
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

5. (Cengiz, 23, lieutenant, not blonde, Turkish)

C/Build up questions and give answers:

Example: engineer / William Is William an engineer? Yes, he is an

engineer. (+)

1. good rider / Steve .

?..(+)
2. lazy students / Mark and Lucy
..?..(- )
3. soup / hot ...?
.......(+)
4. the baby / asleep ? ..... (- )
5. basketball team / L.A. Lakers ?
......(+)

The Present Continuous

The present continuous is used for actions happening now or round now. It
consists of an auxiliary be + a verb + ing.

A/ examples
1. die Her aunt is dying.
2. carry The waiter is carrying a meal.
3. show Are you showing us your best cars?
4. plan They arent planning to go to the market as far as I know.

B/ Fill in the following sentences with the present continuous form

1. He ____________________(look) for us on now.
2. Wait! I think your phone______________________(ring).
3. I see that you_____________________(wear) your new suit today.
4. The boys___________(make) a lot of noise. Please let them be quiet.
5. Maryem ______________(not work) in her office today.
6. My parents_________________(go to a concert tonight.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

7. _______the pupils____________(decorate the room at the moment?

8. You________________(not take) a shower right now.
9. They______________(have) sales in all the big stores now.
10. Look! It________________(rain)

C/Complete the passages with the appropriate form of the verbs:

1. It is the beginning of autumn. I can see through the window that it
____________ (snow). The wind ____________ (blow) and some
leaves ____________ (fall). My brothers____________ (watch) TV,
and they ____________ (talk) about the weather. It seems that the
summer is over and there is nothing to look forward to. A small cat
outside____________ (jump) and ____________ (purr) happily. I
guess he____________ (look) for shelter. I think that the best thing
about autumn and winter is that spring and summer are soon to
follow.

The Simple Past

We use the past simple to talk about a finished action in the past.

e.g Martin went to the nightclub last week.

A) Fill in the blanks with a verb from the box in the SIMPLE PAST:
break swim have make write
spend buy drink lose wash

1. She .. a cake an hour ago.

2. He .. a coat last week.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

3. The man .. an email yesterday.

4. We . in the sea for an hour.
5. They .. a lot of tea last night.
6. She her leg two minutes ago.
7. He . all his money when he was driving to
New York.
8. She a bath two minutes ago.
9. He . his wallet last night.
10.She .. the clothes yesterday.

B/ Complete the mans statement with the PAST SIMPLE form of the verbs
in brackets:

Yesterday, I (go) to the nightclub of Rock-store. I

.. (leave) it at about 11 oclock. It .. (be) a rainy
evening and I .. (decide) to take a taxi.

Suddenly, I (hear) a noise. I .. (turn) and

(see) three girls aged about eighteen. One girl
(come) up to me and .. (ask) me the time.
When I . (look) down at my watch, she
(hit) me and I (fall) to the ground. Her friend
. (take) my wallet, and they (run) away.

The Past Continuous

We use the past continuous to talk about:

an action which was in progress at a particular time in the past.

They were revising their lessons at ten oclock

last night.

an action in the past that is interrupted by another action.

Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

I was walking along the street when someone called me.

two actions in progress in the past.

While I was watching TV, my brother was listening to music.

A) Fill in the blanks with a correct form of the verbs:

1. Aline (hurt) herself while she

(cut)potatoes.
2. I (meet)..my friend while I
(go)back home.
3. Sara (see).. a friend while she
(ride)her bicycle along Park St.
4. Peter (fall). asleep while he
(read) a novel.
5. Sam (step) on Janets feet while they
(dance). together.
6. I (cut).. myself while I
(shave).
7. Mr. Brown and his wife (burn). themselves while
they (bake).. cookies.
8. Tom (have).. a nightmare while he
.. (sleep). at a friends
house.

B) Choose the correct tenses.

It was one oclock in the morning and I 1 was lying / lay awake in bed. The
wind 2 was blowing / blew outside and it 3 rained / was raining. Suddenly I 4
heard / was hearing a loud crash. It 5 came / was coming from downstairs. I
6
got up / was getting up and 7 switched on / was
switching on the light. Everything was quiet and still. Only the clock in the
hallway 8 was ticking / ticked. I 9 walked / was walking down the stairs
when I 10 noticed / was noticing something strange. The front door was wide
open.

The Present Perfect

The present perfect consists of the following forms

Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

have (for plural subjects, you, and I) + past participle

has (for singular subjects) + past participle
e.g., I have seen; The cat has gone; They have travelled; The boy has played

The present perfect is used for these reasons:

1. To talk about an unfinished action:

I have worked in this factory for 5 years. (...I'm still here)
She has known him for a long time. (...she still knows him)
He has had his home since 1987. (...he still has it)

2. When the time period is not mentioned/indefinite past:

He has called you again. (I can't tell you when.)
Ive seen your friend. (I don't remember the date I saw him.)
Have you tasted French food before? (You don't know when or even if.)

3. We use the present perfect with certain expressions:

never Weve never seen him.

ever Has he ever tried this course?

lately How has your mother been lately?

recently What movies have you watched recently?

already Ive already finished the first test.

yet Have you prepared the dish yet?

so far He hasnt exercised very much so far.

up until now Up until now, we havent received any letter from him.

4. When the time is recent

Your dad has just finished his job.

Exercises:

A. Select the best answer

1. Have you ever .......... to Paris? (went/go/been)

3. Ive just .......... back from there. (came/gone/come)
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

4. and Ive .......... at least six weeks there in the last year. (past/passed/spent)
5. Have you ..........to the Champs elesi? (go/gone/visited/flown)
6. No, I .......... yet. (hasnt/havent/dont/wont)
7. My uncle has already.......his work. (finishes/finished/finishing)
8. My aunt hasnt ......................her meal yet. (had/has/take)

B) Fill in the blanks with ALREADY or YET:

1. He hasnt called us .
2. They have sent the letter.
3. John has bought the tickets for the football
match.
4. We have .. been to Mexico three times.
5. You havent visited Tokyo .
6. Has John bought a new car .. ?
7. The plane has left.
8. Has she done it .. ? No, not
9. A: Havent they arrived . ?
B: Oh, yes. They have arrived.
10.Hurry up! The class has started.
11.Be careful! They have painted the door.
12. Havent you read the book . ?

C) Follow the example and do the same using JUST:

Example: he / go out
- What has he JUST done?
- He has JUST gone out.

1. She / leave the room

2. they / watch the news

3. I / finish homework

4. he / put on the jacket

5. she / catch a fish

Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

6. he / call a taxi

7. you / write a letter

8. the girl / burn the cake

9. the teacher / walk out

10.the dog / see the cat

11.Jane / turn the TV off

12.the boys / eat dinner

The present perfect continuous

Form: has/have+been+verb+ing.
We use the present perfect continuous in these cases:
1- to put the emphasis on the duration of time or course of an action (not
the result).
she has been sleeping for four hours.
2- for action that recently stopped or is still going on.
We have been living here for ten years.
3- finished action that influenced the present.
I have been running all day. I am tired.
Signal words of present perfect continuous:
All day, for four years, since 1998, how long? The whole week.

- Use PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE to fill in the

blanks:
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

A. Im tired, because I have been working . (work) very hard.

B. He (write) letters all morning.
C. Catherina is getting fatter because she
(eat) too much.
D. My mother .. (peel) the potatoes
all afternoon.
E. Cathy (attend) a cookery
course since March.
F. How long you ..
(learn) English?
G. Where are my eye-glasses? I ..
(look) for them for an hour.
H. Charles . (escape) from the
police for years.
I. How long you (use)
a computer?
J. Elizabeth .. (live) with Mike for
three years.
K. She . (earn) quite a lot of
money for the last two years.

- Use PRESENT PERFECT TENSE or PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

to fill in the blanks:

Ive bought / have been buying a new pair of shoes.
Have you finished / Have you been finishing reading that book yet?
Theyve eaten / have been eating fruit all afternoon, ever since they
came from school.
Ive been reading / have read this book now, so you can have it back.
Ive been writing / have written eight pages already.
Your exam paper is completely blank! What have you been doing / have
you done?
Oh, no! Theres nothing to eat. My sister has been eating / has eaten
everything I left in the kitchen.
Oh, no! Theres no wine to drink. They have drunk / have been drinking
all the wine.
No wonder your eyes hurt. Youve been playing / have played computer
games ever since you had your breakfast.
I havent seen / havent been seeing you for ages.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

The Past Perfect

The Past Perfect Simple

Forms: After I had revealed the news, I felt much better.

When I came, she had already gone.
She said she hadn't met him before.

Use:

For things that had already happened before an action took place in the past.

The play had already finished when I arrived at the cinema.

When I arrived to the airport, I realized I had forgotten my
passport.
I had no idea because nobody had informed me about it.

key words: when, after, as soon as

In reported speech: referring to things that had happened before the time of
speaking/thinking.

Adam told me he had met Laura the day before.

I thought I had seen that man somewhere before.
The judge asked me if I had witnessed the murder.

In if-sentences, type III (impossible).

The dog wouldnt have snapped at you if you hadnt teased it.
If I had known myself, I would have told you.

Past Perfect Continuous

Forms: She was tired because she had been running all day.
She had been wandering around for some time before she asked
someone the way.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

Use:
For longer actions that had begun before a given time in the past
and that were still going on at this given time.

[The past perfect continuous relates to the past just as the present perfect
continuous relates to the present.]

When I arrived she had already been waiting for three hours.

[she had begun waiting three hours before and she was still waiting when I
arrived]

A) Answer the following questions

1. What had you done before you finished homework?

2. What had you done before you slept yesterday?

.
3. What had you done before you got to university?

4. What had you done before you had breakfast?

The future simple

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to."
Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often
express two very different meanings.

Use "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary

action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to
respond to someone else's complaint or request for help.

I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.

Will you help me move this heavy table?
I will not do your homework for you.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

I won't do all the housework myself!

Use "Will" to Express a Promise/threat

I will call you when I arrive.

If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone
has access to inexpensive health insurance.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
I will kill you one day.

Use "Will" when you want to talk about future facts or things you believe
to be true about the future.

The President will serve for four years.

The boss won't be very happy.
I'm sure you'll like her.

If you are not so certain about the future, use 'will' with expressions such as
'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.

I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.

She'll probably be a great success.
I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.

Use 'will' for a scheduled event

The train will leave at 3.00 pm

The match will start at 5.00 am

Use "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a
person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan
is realistic or not.

He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.

She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
Prof. Marouane ZAKHIR
Chouaib Doukkali University
Multidisciplinary Fcaulty of El jadida
English for Specific Purposes

A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?

B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.

Use 'going to' if you are making a future prediction based on evidence in
the present situation.

Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.

Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours.
The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight.

At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the
decision, talk about it using 'going to'.

I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to
call her about the meeting.
I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm
going to have a drink with Simon.