ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SAMPLE PAPER 2015-16

1. What is meant by mutual agency of partners?

2. Since her college days Mehak, loved the thrill of
adventure sports. She was an avid reader which helped
her to keep track of various new adventure sports taken
up all around the world. She had recently read an article
on increasing trend towards 'space tourism and
adventurous holidays'. Using her personal experiences
and her passion for adventure sports she decided to start
a company called YOLO. For the same purpose she also
decided to collect statistics to see how much of these
sports were accepted in our country. Identify the ways in
which she was able to spot the trend.
3. 'For a viable venture to be born, an entrepreneur is
required to apply his knowledge, skill, competencies and
creativity strategically to market'. Identify the
requirement to be complied with by these factors for
successful processing of an idea into opportunity.
4. Although not mandatory, some entrepreneurs may file
part I of entrepreneurs memorandum District Industries
Centre. Why?
5. What is meant by financial management?
6. Fizz & Lime is an established beverage company which
started bottling Wheat Grass Juice; Bitter gourd with
Jamunand Amla with Aloevera. It is planning to expand
externally without compromising on the unique taste of
these drinks.
Belligio Juices got exclusive rights to manufacture and sell
Wheat Grass and Amla Aloe under the name Fizz& Lime.
Belligio Juices had to use only the ingredients supplied by
Fizz& Lime to produce, bottle and distribute the two
 drinks.
a. Identify and explain the form of external expansion
adopted by Fizz& Lime.
b. State any one feature of this form of expansion.
7. State any two factors which lead to effective employee
relationship.
8. "Human life is built around works". Identify the form of
Business Organisation being talked about in the following
sentences:-(a)"The one-man control is the best in the
world if that man is big enough to manage
everything."(b)"Two heads being better than
one."(c)"Self-help as well as mutual help
system."(d)The birth of this legal person is by law and
can be put to death by law only.
9. Chacko Ltd. has been manufacturing umbrellas since 1980. They
are the market leaders in manufacturing small hand size
umbrellas. They have their production unit in Kochi. The MDs
son- Abraham Chacko took over the family business in 2010. He
had finished graduation from USA. Using his educational and
networking skills , he was able to take up an export order. He
also decided to operate an exclusive export oriented unit in
Chellanam. The production work for this unit began in 2014. A
dedicated team framed an operational plan for the entire
process. Abraham visited the plan to evaluate and take
appraisal of the work performed in the unit. State two ways as
to how it will help Abraham

10. Why does an entrepreneur need to scan environment?

Explain.
11. Diary foods ltd., has been well known for its products
throughout India. They started manufacturing Biscuits
and chocolates in the year 1995 and slowly built their
brand. The company occupied the top position in terms of
sales and it increased its product range also. By 2010
 they were the undisputed leader in the field of
confectionaries. Their annual general meeting was held
wherein the Board of directors felt that the company
should also be socially responsible in doing their business.
They decided to use new technologically advanced
recycled paper for all their products which would retain
the freshness of their products as well as contribute
towards the saving of our planet.
By doing this the company has modified their goods in a
particular way to create a new product of greater value to
the customers. Identify the concept mentioned above
and explain it from financial and marketing point of view.
12. Explain any three sources which lead to the emergence of
basic ideas.
13. Differentiate between Standardized product and
Customized product. Which channel of distribution is best
suited for customized product/goods?
14. Explain the following features of a cooperative society:
Democratic managementCapital and return
thereonDistribution of surplus
15. Aditi started a beauty parlor business. She spend
Rs.30,00,000/- to open the parlor of which she invested
14,00,000/- of her own money and borrowed a loan for
16,00,000/-. Interest rate per annum is 14%. Sales
revenue per month is 1,60,000/-. Cost of goods sold is
60,000/- per month. Fixed expenses for that month is
60,000/- (salary 40,000/-, rent and utility 20,000/-),
depreciation 30,000/- and tax @ 15%.
16. Ms. Rosy is a readymade garments manufacturer. Her
Annual Usage rate is 225Pcs. The cost of placing each
order is Rs.8/- and the carrying cost is Rs.4 per unit.
Calculate the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).How does
calculating EOQ facilitate budgeting?
 17. Ram was very thrilled with his new job. He was placed in a small
factory manufacturing door knobs as a stock keeper. After a
few days, while taking stock he understood that nuts and
various small parts constituted majority of the cost of
production .After some time, the firm went into a loss and the
owner decided to look into the various factors that could have
constituted the loss. Ram expressed his concern that inventory
was not properly maintained and that there are various
techniques which are involved and if followed properly the
company will not be in a loss. The owner agreed to the
suggestion. He also decided to take help from some specialized
government institution initiate steps for technological up
gradation, and modernization of existing units.
a. What technique was suggested by Ram? Explain it.
b. Which specialized Financial institution is the owner thinking
of approaching and state any one of its objectives?

18. Shahida, a student of School of Rug Weaving Institute,

Turkey, visited her grandparents in Kashmir for the first time.
Breathtaking mountain scenery, clear lakes, lush vegetation and
magnificent forests mesmerized her. The valley is home to a rich
biodiversity including a large number of bird species, many of
which are unique to Kashmir. It is home to Yak and sheep that are
taken care of by nomads. Kashmiri lifestyle is essentially slow
paced and reflects religious diversity. Kashmiris are known to
enjoy their music in its various local forms, and the traditional
dress of both genders is often quite colorful. Tulip, Saffron, dry
fruits and artistic woodwork are its hallmark.
She also observed that the government was stable and all the
tourist places were well guarded by the army.She found it to be
an ideal place to start a unit for carpet weaving and employ local
people to preserve the ethnic touch. After the devastating floods
a considerable population was rendered jobless, her unit would
help to revive their economic condition. She started scanning and
screening the environment and collected the following
information.
a. Help her categorize the information making use of PESTEL
MODEL.(Any three)
b. Also state a value communicated by Shahida.
19. Floral Art and Craft opened its first store in Mumbai in the
year 2010with the objective of providing its customers with fresh
flowers creatively packed and value for money.It procures fresh
flower directly from the farmers. The organization makes sure
that the farmers adopt organic means to nourish the soil and do
not use chemical fertilizers as it degrades the soil fertility.
Packaging material is procured from specially abled crafts man of I
CAN. Floral Art and Crafts face book and twitter page encourages
two way communication with its customers. These social media
channels provide a platform through which it can interact with
customers and access their opinion about the brand. The store
also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform
them about different schemes and other promotional messages.
Its website promotes the store by organizing different flower
decorating classes and competitions using the products of I CAN.
A. Identify the promotion strategy adopted by I CAN. Also state
the lines from the text that helped to identify the form.
B. State any two features of this type promotion strategy.
C. State two values communicated to the society.
20. Explain the factors that help an entrepreneur to identify a
product. (Any 4)
21. Why is stock exchange important for an investor?
22. Unicon Ltd. and Nahata Communications provide Cable T.V
network in adjacent areas of Delhi. After sometime the market
was slowly taken over by big cable companies. Both Unicon Ltd.
And Nahata communications understood the competition and
decided to come together so as to increase their markets share.
This strategy helped them in cost saving through economies of
scale as they could cover more areas now. It led to the overall
growth of both the companies.a. Identify the enterprise growth
strategy adopted by the two.b. State the benefits that the
companies have after this arrangement. (any 5)
23. The School Gear Ltd. manufactures three products Tiffin
covers; Bottle covers; Pencil pouch. The variable expenses and
sales prices of all these products are given below:
Tiffin covers Bottle cove Pencil pouch

Sales price per Rs.200 Rs.100 Rs.75

unit

Variable cost Rs.100 Rs.60 Rs.25

per unit

The total fixed expenses of the company are Rs.55, 000 per
month. For the coming month, it expects the sale of three
products in the following proportions:
Tiffin covers: 20%
Bottle covers: 50%
Pencil pouch: 30%
Compute the break-even point of company in units and rupees for
the coming month.
24. Bunty, a fitness freak NRI, had done his masters in
nutritional sciences from U.K., during his vacations, he was
disappointed to see that no Gymnasium in Delhi had a workout
module to suit his requirement. Anyhow, Fitness Fine Gymnasium
of his friend offered him freedom to exercise the way be wanted.
In short time, Bunty became popular amongst the other members
because of his knowledge, experience, competency, tactics and
tips on exercising.
He now explored deeply his curiosity of starting a Gymnasium in
Greater Kailash 2, having a fusion of both diet and exercise under
one roof. He conducted a market research and subconsciously
assimilated a whole data bank of information pertaining to
lifestyle, interests, etc. of people in and around the area. He
approached his father for financial help of Rs. 25 lacs as he had Rs
20 lacs only. The ground floor of his flat was to be converted into
a Gymnasium. He started networking and negotiating with the
manufacturers who could provide him with customized machines
of his choice.
"One of the first task demanded of an entrepreneur is to manifest
creative ability through the conceiving of new product-market
propositions" Identify and explain the steps involved in this
process being initiated by Bunty.
 Solutions.
1. The business of partnership can be carried on by all
partners or any one of them acting for all.
2. Read Trends
3. Strategic Positioning.
4. This may be necessary for claiming certain incentives /
subsidiesand for certain formalities at the state level.
5. The financial management is the process of procurement,
allocation and control of financial resources of a concern.
6. a. Manufacturing franchise opportunityThese types of
franchises provide an organization with the right to
manufacture a product and sell it to the public, using the
franchisor's name and trademark. This type of franchise is
found most often in the food and beverage industry.
b.Franchisee must use the ingredients given by the
franchisor to produce, bottle and distribute the soft drinks
7. Factors which lead to effective employee relationship1.
Determining employee needsIt is not enough to assume
that a company or even its HR professionals know what is
important to employees. Needs vary greatly depending on
employee characteristics--age, gender, etc. as well as the
type of job being performed. It is a good idea to find out
directly from employees what their needs are.2.
Balancing work and life needsThat means taking steps
to ensure that the employee's work-life needs are well
balanced. This can occur through creative staffing that
might involve part-time, flextime or even off-site work
assignments.3. Open and honest
communicationManagers must be committed to
communicating regularly and honestly with employees
about the issues that impact their work. The more open
organizations can be, the more likely they are to establish
 strong relationships.4. Measuring and monitoring
resultsThat means that managers and their HR
departments should be alert at all times for signs of
discontent, which can be subjective, as well as carefully
monitoring the results of more formal assessments.
(Any Two)
8. a..Sole proprietorship. b.Partnership. c.Cooperative.
d.Company.
9. Follow-up element helps the entrepreneurs in:a) Developing
ways to review the present situation with regard to materials,
work-in-progress and finished goods.
10. The right information combined with the right adaptations
can determine an organization future viability.If an
entrepreneur is not aware of the environment surrounding
his or her business, he/she will not succeed.
11. Value addition
Any Business can add values to goods and services by
modifying them in a particular way to create a new product of
greater value to customers. (1)
Added value, from a financial point of view, represents the
difference between the value of goods and services that are used
as inputs to a production process and the value of the outputs of
that process.(1)
Added value, from a marketing perspective, means adding value
that turns a commodity into a branded product. Branded
products and services can also have value addition by enhancing
their design, characteristics or range of features. (1)
12. 1. Problem2. Change3. Invention4.
Competition5. Innovation(Any three with one line
explanation)
13. Standardised products are those for which the cost is
predetermined and there is no scope for alteration, It
requires long distribution channel Customized products
are those which are made according to the discretion of the
customer and there is a scope for alteration.
Direct Channel of distribution is best suited for
 customized product/goods
:

14. Features of Co-operative societies

1. Democratic management: The management of a co-operative

organisation is vested in the hands of the managing
committee elected by the members on the basis of 'one
member-one vote'. Democracy is, thus, the keynote of the
management of a co- operative society.

2. Capital and return thereon: The capital is procured from its

members in the form of share capital. A member can
subscribe subject to a maximum of 10% of the total share
capital or Rs. 1,000 whichever is higher. Shares cannot be
transferred but surrendered to the organisation. The rate of
dividends paid to the members/ shareholders is restricted to
9% as per the Co- operative Societies Act, 1912.

3. Distribution of surplus: After giving dividends to the

members, the surplus of profits, if any, is distributed among
the members on the basis of goods purchased by each
member from the

15.

Amount
Total Capital Employed or
Investment

Source Of Funds

Equity = Y 1400000
 Loan = Z

Total Capital Employed/

Total Investment

Income Statement For ONE

Year

A Sales Revenue 1,60,000*12 1920000

B Less Cost Of Goods Sold 720000

60,000*12

C Gross Margin = ( A-B) 1200000

Fixed Expenses:

SalaryEtc 40000

Rent, Utility Etc. 20000

Interest 224000
 Depreciation & 30000
Amortization

D Less: Total Fixed Expense 314000

E Profit Before Tax = C - D 886000

F Tax @ 15% 132900

Profit After Tax = E - F 753100

CALCULATION OF ROI
AND ROE

ROI =( Net Income or Net ROI = ______25.10_____%

Profit after Tax x 100 )/
Total Capital Employed or
Investment =

ROI = (7,53,100/
3000000)x100

16. a. EOQ = 2XPXD / C EOQ=2 X 225 X 8 /4

EOQ= 900EOQ = 30 Units
b. EOQ denotes the ideal quantity of raw material and
 goods to be ordered. This leads to optimum utilization
of the financial resources.
17. ABC Analysisa. The inventory control technique known as ABC
analysis builds on
Pareto's Principle. In ABCanalysis, a company reviews its inventory and
sorts all SKUs into three categories, called "A" ,"B" and "C" items.

The typical breakdown might look like this: "A" inventory: 20 percent of
SKUs, 80 percent of value. "B" inventory: 30 percent of SKUs, 15 percent
of value. "C" inventory:50 percent of SKUs, 5 percent of value. A
particular company's numbers may be different, butthe pattern would be
similar we should be able to discern a similar kind of pattern.

b. SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of

India) Objectives of SIDBI are: (Any one)
1) Initiate steps for technological up gradation, and/or modernization of
existing units.
2) Expand channels for marketing of SSI sector products in India and
abroad.
3) Promote employment oriented industries.

18. a.
i. Political: The political environment includes taxation policy,
government stability and foreign trade regulations.
ii. Economic: The economic environment includes interest rates,
inflation, business cycles, unemployment, disposable, income,
energy, availability and cost.
iii. Social: The social/cultural environment includes population
demographics, social mobility, income distribution, lifestyle
changes, attitudes to work and leisure, levels of education and
consumerism.
iv. Ecological: It considers the ways in which the organisation can
produce its goods or services with minimum environmental
damage.(Any three)
b. Sharing and compassion
19. A. Below-the-line Promotion Strategy.Floral Art and
Crafts face book and twitter page encourages two way
communication with its customers.These social media
channels provide a platform through which it can interact with
customers and access their opinion about the brand.The store
also uses direct e-mails to their frequent customers to inform them
about different schemes and other promotional messages.Its
website promotes the store by organizing different flower
decorating classes and competitions using the products of I CAN.
B. i. Below-the-line methods are very specific, memorable
activities focused on targeted groups of consumers. They are under
the control of the organisation.
ii. This strategy develops the brand by creating awareness and
building a brand profile.
C.
i. Environmental concerns.
ii. Concern for the society.
20. The factors that help an entrepreneur to identify a product
are:
1. Application and use
Ideas should be examined for their real life use and application. If
it already exists in the market, we will have to find out its present
use, then we may think of modifying it for better use.2. Level of
operation
This is a crucial test for product/service identification. Depending
on the use of the product/service the entrepreneur will produce it in
a cottage
industry or a small scaleindustry or a largescale industry.
3. Cost
What is the per unit cost of the product at particular level of
operation? Whether this cost is comparable with that of other
competitive products? These are some of the questions that have to
be answered. This will ultimately decide the sale price.
4. Competition
Any product or service will face market competition at some stage.
So market competition should be assessed through a study of the
trends in demand and supply.5. Technical complexity
What type of technology is required to produce the product?
Whether training and application of such technology will be
locally available or will it have to be supported from other places?
What would be the position of supply of plant and machinery for
such a technology? These are important issues that have to be
resolved.
6. Annual turnover and profit margin
Ideas should also have to be examined on the basis of expected
annual turnover. This will also indicate the market share of the
product or service.
21. Importance of stock exchange from the viewpoint of
investors(a) Dissemination of useful information: Stock
exchange publishes useful information regarding price lists,
quotations, etc., of securities through newspapers and
journals.The interested persons buy and sell their securities on
the basis of information provided by the stock exchanges.
(b) Ready market: Persons desirous of converting their shares into
cash may easily do so through a member of stock exchange.
(c) Investors' interests protected: Stock exchanges formulate rules
and regulations so that members may not exploit the investors.
(d) Genuine guidance about the securities listed: The investors can
safely depend upon the information provided by the stock
exchanges.
(e) Barriers of distance removed: Stock exchange removes the
barriers of distance with regard to securities listed there. Without
stock exchange the securities of a Delhi company may have a
limited market in Delhi only.
(f) Knowledge of profit or loss on investments: The investors can
estimate the profit or loss on the total amount of investments in
securities, by comparing the original amount invested and the price
of securities on a particular day
22. a. A market extension merger takes place between two
companies that deal in the same products but in separate markets.
The main purpose of the market extension merger is to make sure
that the merging companies can get access to a bigger market and
that ensures a bigger client base.
b. Benefits:
1.Synergy
Synergy is the most essential component of mergers. In mergers,
synergy between the participating firms determines the increase in
value of the combined entity. In other words, it refers to the
difference between the value of the combined firm and the value of
the sum of the participants. Synergy accrues in the form of revenue
enhancement and cost savings.
2. Acquiring new technology
To remain competitive, companies need to constantly upgrade their
technology and business applications. To upgrade technology, a
company need not always acquire technology. By buying another
company with unique technology, the buying company can
maintain or developa competitive edge.
3. Improved profitability
Companies explore the possibilities of a merger when they
anticipate that it will improve their profitability.4. Acquiring a
competencyCompanies also opt for Merger and Acquisition to
acquire a competency or capability that they do not have and
which the other firm does.
5. Entry into new markets
Mergers are often looked upon as a tool for hassle-free entry into
new markets. Under normal conditions, a company can enter a new
market, but may have to face stiff competition from the existing
companies and may have to battle out for a share in the existing
market.
6. Access to funds
Often a company finds it difficult to access funds from the capital
market. This weakness deprives the company of funds to pursue its
growth objectives effectively. In such cases, a company may
decide to merge with another company that is viewed as fund-rich.
7. Tax benefits
Mergers are also adopted to reduce tax liabilities. By merging with
a loss- making entity, a company with a high tax liability can set
off the accumulated losses of the target against its profits gaining
tax benefits
23. Contribution Margin per unit for each product:
 Tiffin covers Bottle cove Pencil pouch

Sales price per Rs.200 Rs.100 Rs.75

unit

Variable cost Rs.100 Rs.60 Rs.25

per unit

Contribution Rs.100 Rs.40 Rs.50

Now to calculate Weighted average Contribution Margin(CM) per

unit: =Tiffin Cover CM sales mix percentage + Bottle Cover CM
sales mix percentage + Pencil pouch CM sales mix
percentage=100 20% + 40 50% + 50 30%
= 20+20+15 = Rs.55.
Thus Weighted average CM per unit is Rs. 55
Break-even point in Units of sales mix = Total Fixed
cost/Weighted average CM per unit

= Rs.55,000/55 =1000 units

Product Break-even in units
a. Tiffin Cover- 100020 = 200 units
100
b. Bottle Cover - 100050 = 500 units
100
c. Pencil pouch - 100030 = 300 units
100
Product break-even in RupeesProduct units at break-even point
price per unit
. Tiffin Cover = 200 units Rs.200 = Rs.40,000

. Bottle Cover = 500 units Rs.100 = Rs.50,000

. Pencil pouch = 300 units Rs. 75= Rs.22,500

24. Creativity;
It is important to entrepreneurs because it is the first stage in the
process of innovation, providing he stimulus for opportunity
discovery and new venture creation.
As from the initial acts of creativity entrepreneurs build effective
organizations, it does not happen overnight thus the process of
creativity Bunty underwent involved the following steps.
1. Idea germination. Looking at the statistics.... concern for
fitness, acted as the seeding stage for his idea of launching hi tech
gymnasium. It is this stage where the entrepreneur recognizesthe
existing of an opportunity. Being himself fitness conscious he
explored according to his inters an opportunity.
2. Preparation and Incubation.. As on the basis of theidea interest
and curiosity the need is adjusted by the entrepreneur next and he
starts looking for the answer to implement the idea
Buntyconducted a market research in and around the target market
to forsee the future of his idea.
3, Illumination. Therefore he approached ...machines.is the step
of illumination where now Bunty is now trying to give his idea a
practical shape through a viable plan by collection raw materials,
arranging for funds, negotiating so as to implementing his idea.