Choking: Choking Is The Mechanical

Choking
Choking is the mechanical

obstruction of the ow of air
from the environment into the
lungs. Choking prevents
breathing, and can be partial
or complete, with partial
choking allowing some,
although inadequate, ow of
air into the lungs. Prolonged or
complete choking results in
asphyxia which leads to anoxia
and is potentially fatal. Oxygen
stored in the blood and lungs
can keep a person alive for
several minutes after breathing
stops.[1]
Choking
A demonstration of abdominal
thrusts on a person showing signs
of choking
Classication and external

resources
Specialty Emergency medicine
ICD-10 F41.0, R06.8, T17,

W78-W80
ICD-9- 784.9 , 933.1

CM
MeSH D000402
Choking can be caused by:
Physical obstruction of the

airway by a foreign body.
Respiratory diseases that
involve obstruction of the
airway.
Compression of the
laryngopharynx, larynx or
vertebrate trachea in
strangulation.
Laryngospasm, a temporary
closing of the vocal cords,
which simulates the feeling of
choking.
Obstruction of the airway can

occur at the level of the
pharynx or the trachea. Foods
that can adapt their shape to
that of the pharynx (such as
bananas, marshmallows, or
gelatinous candies) can be a
danger not just for children but
for persons of any age.[2]
Choking due to a foreign object

resulted in 162,000 deaths
(2.5 per 100,000) in 2013,
compared to 140,000 deaths
(2.9 per 100,000) in 1990.[3]
Symptoms and signs

The person cannot speak or
cry out, or has great diculty
and limited ability to do so.
Breathing, if possible, is
labored, producing gasping or
wheezing.
The person has a violent and
largely involuntary cough,
gurgle, or vomiting noise,
though more serious choking
victims will have a limited (if
any) ability to produce these
symptoms since they require at
least some air movement.
The person desperately
clutches his or her throat or
mouth, or attempts to induce
vomiting by putting their
ngers down their throat.
If breathing is not restored,
the person's face turns blue
(cyanosis) from lack of oxygen.
The person does any or all of
the above, and if breathing is
not restored, then becomes
unconscious.
The person will usually suer
brain damage in three minutes
without air, and will usually die
in six to eight minutes.
Cause
The type of choking most
commonly recognized as such
by the public is the lodging of
foreign objects (also known as
foreign bodies, but consisting
of any object which comes
from outside the body itself,
including food, toys or
household objects) in the
airway.[4]
This type of choking is often

suered by small children, who
are unable to appreciate the
hazard inherent in putting
small objects in their mouth.[5]
In adults, it mostly occurs
while the patient is eating. In
one study, peanuts were the
most common obstruction.[6]
Treatment
US medic teaches the abdominal
thrusts to Afghans
Choking can be treated with a

number of dierent
procedures, with both basic
techniques available for rst
aiders and more advanced
techniques available for health
professionals.
Basic treatment includes a

number of procedures aiming
at removing foreign bodies
from the airways. Most modern
protocols, including those of
the American Heart
Association and the American
Red Cross, recommend several
stages, designed to apply
increasingly more pressure.
Most protocols recommend
encouraging the victim to
cough, followed by hard back
slaps and if none of these
things work; abdominal thrusts
(Heimlich maneuver) or chest
thrusts. If back slaps are
performed, they must be
performed with the head lower
than the chest (i.e., bend the
person over when you slap
them hard between the
shoulder blades with the heel
of the palm); otherwise, the
blow may drive the object
deeper into the person's
throat.
The American Medical

Association advocates
sweeping the ngers across
the back of the throat to
attempt to dislodge airway
obstructions, once the choking
victim becomes
unconscious.[7] However, many
modern protocols recommend
against the use of the nger
sweep since, if the patient is
conscious, they will be able to
remove the foreign object
themselves, or if they are
unconscious, the rescuer
should simply place them in
the recovery position as this
allows (to a certain extent) the
drainage of uids out of the
mouth instead of down the
trachea due to gravity. There is
also a risk of causing further
damage (for instance inducing
vomiting) by using a nger
sweep technique.
Peanut butter, which is very

dicult to dislodge from the
throat, may possibly be
dissolved by pouring hot water
down the throatthe method
carries risk, but it may work on
peanut butter as a last
possible resort if nothing else
rst tried does.
The advanced medical

procedure to remove such
foreign objects is inspection of
the airway with a laryngoscope
or bronchoscope, and removal
of the object under direct
vision. Severe cases where
there is an inability to remove
the object may require
cricothyrotomy (emergency
tracheostomy). Cricothyrotomy
involves making an incision in
a patient's neck and inserting a
tube into the trachea in order
to bypass the upper airways.[8]
The procedure is usually only
performed when other
methods have failed. In many
cases, an emergency
tracheostomy can save a
patient's life, but if performed
incorrectly, it may end the
patients life.
head-down position for self-treatment

of choking if other approaches fail
Multiple evidence suggest, that

one of promising approaches
for self treatment during
choking could be by applying
the head-down (inversed)
position[9] The Heimlich
Maneuver (abdominal thrusts)
can be performed on oneself
with one's own hands the same
way one would perform it on
another person; this can also
be aected by positioning
one's own abdomen over a
chair, railing, or countertop
and driving the abdomen upon
the object with sharp, upward
thrusts as a substitute for
thrusts made with the hands.
Notable cases
Hollywood star Clint
Eastwood saved a man from
choking on 5 February 2014 in
California.[10]
The former President of the
United States, George W. Bush,
survived choking on a pretzel
on January 13, 2002, an event
that received major media
coverage.[11]
Jimmie Foxx, a famous Major
League Baseball player, died by
choking on a bone.[12]
Tennessee Williams, the
playwright, reportedly died
after choking on a bottle cap.
This was later disputed.[13]
An urban legend states that
obese singer Mama Cass
choked to death on a ham
sandwich. This theory arose
out of a quickly discarded
speculation by the coroner,
who noted a partly eaten ham
sandwich and gured she may
have choked to death. In fact,
she died of a heart condition,
often wrongly referred to in the
media as heart failure.[14]
Queen Elizabeth The Queen
Mother notably experienced
three major choking incidents
where a sh bone became
lodged in her throat: initially on
21 November 1982, when she
was taken from Royal Lodge to
the King Edward VII Hospital
for an operation at 3am;[15]
secondly in August 1986 at
Balmoral, when she was taken
to the Aberdeen Royal
Inrmary, though no operation
was needed;[15] and in May
1993, when she was admitted
to the Aberdeen Inrmary once
again for an operation under
general anaesthetic.[16]
Air Marshal Subroto
Mukerjee, the rst Chief of the
Air Sta of the Indian Air Force
(IAF), died on 8 November
1960 at Tokyo by choking on a
piece of food lodged in his
windpipe.[17]
Dr Henry Heimlich himself
saved a fellow retirement home
resident from choking in late
May 2016.[18]
Praful Bidwai was an Indian
political analyst and
commentator, a social science
researcher, and an activist on
issues of peace, global justice,
human rights and
environmental protection. He
died by choking on food on 23
June 2015 while attending a
conference in Amsterdam.[19]
See also
Pulmonary aspiration
References
1. Ross, Darrell Lee; Chan,
Theodore C (2006). Sudden
Deaths in Custody .
ISBN 978-1-59745-015-7.
2. Sayadi, Roya (May 2010).
Swallow Safely: How
Swallowing Problems Threaten
the Elderly and Others (First
ed.). Natick, MA: Inside/Outside
Press. pp.4647.
ISBN 9780981960128.
3. GBD 2013 Mortality and
Causes of Death, Collaborators
(17 December 2014). "Global,
regional, and national age-sex
specic all-cause and cause-
specic mortality for 240
causes of death, 1990-2013: a
systematic analysis for the
Global Burden of Disease
Study 2013." . Lancet. 385:
11771. PMC 4340604 .
PMID 25530442 .
doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)
61682-2 .
4. "Foreign Body Aspiration:
Overview - eMedicine" .
Retrieved 2008-12-16.
5. "Choking Prevention" .
American Academy of
Pediatrics
(healthychildren.org).
2010-06-14.
6. Yadav SP, Singh J, Aggarwal
N, Goel A (September 2007).
"Airway foreign bodies in
children: experience of 132
cases" (PDF). Singapore Med J.
48 (9): 8503.
PMID 17728968 .
7. American Medical
Association (2009-05-05).
American Medical Association
Handbook of First Aid and
Emergency Care . Random
House.
ISBN 978-1-4000-0712-7.
8. "What is a trahceostomy?" .
Retrieved 25 February 2014.
9. Luczak (2016-02-25).
"Head-down self-treatment of
choking" . Resuscitation.
doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.20
16-02-15 .
10. "Hollywood star Clint
Eastwood saves man from
choking" . BBC News.
2014-02-08.
11. "Bush makes light of
pretzel scare" . BBC News.
2002-01-14. Retrieved
2007-06-15.
12. "Jimmie Foxx Obituary" .
Retrieved 2007-06-15.
13. "Biography of Tennessee
Williams" . IMDB. Retrieved
2007-06-15.
14. "Urban Legend of Mama
Cass choking" . Snopes Urban
Legend Reference. Retrieved
2007-06-15.
15. Vickers, Hugo (2005).
Elizabeth, the Queen Mother.
London: Hutchinson. p.449.
ISBN 0-09-180010-2.
16. "Queen Mother recovers
after operation" . BBC News.
1999-01-25. Retrieved
2009-08-22.
17. "The Saga of a Soaring
Legend" .
http://www.indianairforce.nic.i
n . IAF. Retrieved 20 January
2015. External link in
|website= (help)
18. Walters, Joanna
(2016-05-27). "Dr Henry
Heimlich uses Heimlich
manoeuvre for rst time at
96" . the Guardian. Retrieved
2016-06-07.
19. Praful Bidwai#cite note-4
External links
Choking at DMOZ
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org
/w/index.php?title=Choking&
oldid=800792081"
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Choking

Choking is the mechanical

Classication and external

Specialty Emergency medicine

ICD-10 F41.0, R06.8, T17,

ICD-9- 784.9 , 933.1

Choking can be caused by:

Physical obstruction of the

Obstruction of the airway can

Choking due to a foreign object

Symptoms and signs

This type of choking is often

Choking can be treated with a

Basic treatment includes a

The American Medical

Peanut butter, which is very

The advanced medical

head-down position for self-treatment

Multiple evidence suggest, that

Last edited 21 days ago

Content is available under CC BY-

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