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    OTTV - Building Design (Malaysia)

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    Julie Tan
    The document discusses energy efficiency requirements for building envelopes under Malaysian by-law UBBL 38A. It summarizes key points from MS1525:2007, which is incorporated into UBBL and establishes standards for: 1) Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) calculations that architects and engineers must submit for non-residential buildings over 4,000 sqm. 2) Energy management systems that are required for such buildings. 3) Factors that influence thermal transfer through building envelopes like material properties, thickness, solar absorption, and the importance of reducing heat gain.

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    OTTV - Building Design (Malaysia)

    Uploaded by

    Julie Tan
    288 views64 pages
    The document discusses energy efficiency requirements for building envelopes under Malaysian by-law UBBL 38A. It summarizes key points from MS1525:2007, which is incorporated into UBBL and establishes standards for: 1) Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) calculations that architects and engineers must submit for non-residential buildings over 4,000 sqm. 2) Energy management systems that are required for such buildings. 3) Factors that influence thermal transfer through building envelopes like material properties, thickness, solar absorption, and the importance of reducing heat gain.

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    Energy Efficiency in Buildings - Overall Thermal Transfer Value

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    The document discusses energy efficiency requirements for building envelopes under Malaysian by-law UBBL 38A. It summarizes key points from MS1525:2007, which is incorporated into UBBL and establishes standards for: 1) Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) calculations that architects and engineers must submit for non-residential buildings over 4,000 sqm. 2) Energy management systems that are required for such buildings. 3) Factors that influence thermal transfer through building envelopes like material properties, thickness, solar absorption, and the importance of reducing heat gain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    288 views64 pages

    OTTV - Building Design (Malaysia)

    Uploaded by

    Julie Tan
    The document discusses energy efficiency requirements for building envelopes under Malaysian by-law UBBL 38A. It summarizes key points from MS1525:2007, which is incorporated into UBBL and establishes standards for: 1) Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV) calculations that architects and engineers must submit for non-residential buildings over 4,000 sqm. 2) Energy management systems that are required for such buildings. 3) Factors that influence thermal transfer through building envelopes like material properties, thickness, solar absorption, and the importance of reducing heat gain.

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    of 64

    PAM NORTHERN CHAPTER CPD

    UBBL BY-LAW 38A


    BUILDING ENVELOPE

    11 February 2017

    Ar Chan Seong Aun


    Immediate Past President PAM
    Chairman GBI Accreditation Panel
    M. Arch. B. Arch (NZ), P. Arch, APAM
    UBBL by-Law 38A Amendment 2012
    Energy efficiency in buildings

    (1) New or renovated non-residential buildings with


    air-conditioned space exceeding 4,000 square
    metres shall be
    a)designed to meet the requirements of MS 1525
    with regards to the Overall Thermal Transfer Value
    (OTTV) and the Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV);
    and
    b) provided with an Energy Management System.
    MS1525:2007
    1. MS1525:2007 is a Code of Practice (CP), and
    is now incorporated into UBBL,
    hence a CP becomes part of a By-law.
    a) Applies to
    non-residential,
    air-conditioned buildings,
    > 4,000 sq m. (pending revision)
    b) Architects and Engineers must submit
    OTTV & RTTV calculations.
    c) Requirement for Energy Management
    Control system is under Clause 9.

    R
    BUILDING ENVELOPE

    the external portions of a building through


    which thermal energy is transferred
    and
    this thermal transfer is the major factor
    affecting interior comfort level and energy
    usage.

    MS1525:2007
    THERMAL RESISTANCE
    Relationships between thermal conductivity, thermal
    resistance and U-value

    k = Thermal conductivity

    Material thickness
    R = k
    1
    U =
    R
    ROOF THERMAL RESISTANCE
    Roof thermal resistance RESIDENTIAL

    SSTH DSTH 5S Flat


    75% 50% 40%
    ENVELOPE THERMAL RESISTANCE
    Envelope thermal resistance NON-RES

    FACTORIES LOW RISE HIGH RISE


    25% 60% 80%
    THERMAL RESISTANCE
    Solar Heat Gain in typical Malaysian homes
    Single Double Five Eight
    Storey Storey Storey Storey
    Terrace Terrace Flats Apartments
    Gross Floor Area 880 1,408 60,500 81,680
    Roof over Envelope Area 68% 45% 30% 18%
    Wall over Envelope Area 32% 55% 70% 82%
    North-South Facing
    Roof Solar Heat Gain in kWh/day 30 24 363 306
    Total Solar Heat Gain in kWh/day 35 33 726 908
    Roof over Total Solar Heat Gain 86% 73% 50% 34%
    East-West Facing
    Roof Solar Heat Gain in kWh/day 30 24 363 306
    Total Solar Heat Gain in kWh/day 40 43 842 1,141
    Roof over Total Solar Heat Gain 75% 55% 40% 27%
    MS1525:2007 CLAUSE 5.2
    OTTV applies to building envelope

    MS1525:2007 CLAUSE 5.5


    Roof U-value refers to the thermal
    transmittance of the roof construction

    MS1525:2007 CLAUSE 5.6


    RTTV applies to roof with skylights
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    A design criterion for building envelope known as
    the Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) has been
    adopted. The OTTV aims at achieving the design of
    building envelope to reduce heat gain through the
    building envelope and hence reduce the cooling
    load of the air-conditioning system.

    The OTTVshould not exceed 50 W/m2


    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Assumptions
    The concept of OTTV is based on the assumption
    that the envelope of the building is completely
    enclosed.
    In the OTTV formulation, the following items are
    not considered:
    - internal shading devices eg curtains
    - solar reflection or shading from adjacent
    buildings
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    MS1525:2007 Clause 5.2.2 says
    The formula for the OTTV of any given wall orientation is as follows:

    OTTVi = 15 (1 WWR) Uw + 6 (WWR) Uf + (194 x CF x WWR x SC)

    Heat Heat Solar Heat


    OTTV = Conduction Conduction Gain
    + +
    through through through
    Walls Windows Windows

    0.2% to 5% 10% to 20% 70% to 85%


    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Walls
    (1-WWR)Uw +
    15 6(WWR)Uf + 194xCFxWWRxSC

    Heat Heat Solar Heat


    Conduction Conduction + Gain < 50W/m2
    +
    through through through
    Walls Windows Windows

    0.2% to 5%
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Walls
    15 (1-WWR) Uw

    where = Solar Absorption = Colour of walls


    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Walls
    15 (1-WWR) Uw

    where = Solar Absorption = Colour of walls

    and WWR =
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Walls
    15 (1-WWR) Uw

    where = Solar Absorption = Colour of walls

    and WWR = Window-to-Wall Ratio

    and Uw =
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Walls
    15 (1-WWR) Uw

    where = Solar Absorption = Colour of walls

    and WWR = Window-to-Wall Ratio

    and Uw = U-value of the wall

    15 x x Wall area ratio x U-value of Wall


    Heat Conduction through Walls
    Absorptivity, for Wall and Roof Surfaces
    Black glass 0.99
    Red brick, dark brown paint 0.88
    Asphalt pavement 0.82
    Bare uncoloured concrete 0.65
    Green paint 0.47
    White semi-gloss paint 0.25
    Silver paint 0.25
    Polished aluminium sheet 0.12
    Plastered Brickwall
    Aluminium Composite
    Cladding without insulation
    Aluminium Composite
    Cladding with insulation
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Windows
    Heat Heat Solar Heat
    Conduction Conduction
    + + Gain < 50W/m2
    through through through
    Walls Windows Windows

    (1-WWR)Uw +
    15 6(WWR)Uf + 194xCFxWWRxSC

    10% to 20%
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Heat Conduction through Windows

    6 (WWR) Uf

    6 x Window to Wall ratio x U-value of Window


    Glazing type U-values
    Single glazed clear 5.7 to 6.2
    Laminated clear / PVB / clear 4.5 to 5.5
    Double glazed clear / air / clear 2.6 to 2.9
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Solar Heat Gain through Windows
    Heat Heat Solar Heat
    Conduction Conduction
    + + Gain < 50W/m2
    through through through
    Walls Windows Windows

    (1-WWR)Uw +
    15 6(WWR)Uf + 194xCFxWWRxSC

    70% to 85%
    CONCEPT OF OTTV
    Solar Heat Gain through Windows
    194 x CF x WWR x SC

    where CF = Correction Factor (Table 4)


    WWR = Window to Wall ratio
    SC = Shading Coefficient (Tables 5,6 & 7)

    Table 4 specifies the CF for the various orientation of


    the fenestration. It is based on weather data for KL.
    Data shows East solar radiation is higher than West.
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING

    INFRARED : not
    visible; wavelength
    greater than 750
    nanometers
    Long Wave Energy
    ULTRAVIOLET : not
    visible; wavelength
    less than 390 VISIBLE : visible to the
    nanometers human eye; wavelength
    Short Wave Energy between 390 and 750
    nanometers.
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    SOLAR RADIATION :
    Absorbed
    Transmitted
    Reflected
    absorbed

    OUTSIDE INSIDE

    reflected
    transmitted
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    1. Glass Shading Coefficient (SC)
    is the amount of solar energy that passes through
    the glass, relative to a 3mm clear glass tested under
    similar conditions. A low value means less heat
    passes through the glass.

    Eg, a glazing with a SC of 0.45 would allow only 45%


    as much solar energy to pass through as would a
    3mm clear glass.
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING

    Ajiya
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING

    Ajiya
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    SC - major contributor to reduce OTTV .

    SC can be in the form of horizontal and/or vertical


    shading devices that help to reduce solar heat gain
    through the windows.

    SC = SC1 x SC2
    SC1 is shading coeff of glazing
    SC2 is shading coeff of external shading device
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    2. Insulated Glazing Units (IGU)
    are multiple glass panes assembled into units to
    insulate against heat and sound. Most IGUs are
    double glazed (DGUs), but some IGUs have three
    sheets or more. IGUs are becoming more common
    due to higher energy costs.
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    3. Visible Light Transmittance (VLT)
    is the fraction of visible light at a specified
    wavelength that passes through the glass. Usually
    quoted between 0 and 1, a high value means more
    light passes through the glass.

    Eg, a glazing with a VLT of 0.70 would allow 70% of


    visible light to pass through.
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    Heat insulation of the IGUs can be further improved
    through the use of:

    1. Tinted glass
    2. Coated glass
    3. Low-Emissivity glass (Low-E)
    - reflects away long-wave infrared radiation
    - hard coat or soft coat
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    air gap

    1 2 3 4

    Low-E
    OUTSIDE coating INSIDE

    Low-E coating
    reflects longwave
    infrared radiation Visible light wave
    largely unaffected
    SOLAR RADIATION AND GLAZING
    Glazing type U-values
    Single glazed clear 5.7 to 6.2
    Single glazed clear with Low-E 4.0 to 4.4
    Laminated clear / PVB / clear 4.5 to 5.5
    Laminated clear w Low-E / PVB / clear 4.2 to 5.3
    Double glazed clear / air / clear 2.6 to 2.9
    Double glazed clear w Low-E / air /clear 1.2 to 1.8
    SUNSHADING DEVICES
    SUNSHADING DEVICES
    SUNSHADING DEVICES
    External Shading Devices are more effective than Internal Blinds.

    External Shading Devices block out Direct Sunlight.


    SHADING COEFFICIENT R1
    Horizontal Shading Devices
    Eg 1 Eg 2
    x = 1.2m x = 1m

    X
    y = 3.2m

    R1 = X
    y R1 =
    y

    y = 3.4m
    1.2 1.0
    = =
    3.2
    3.4
    = 0.375
    = 0.30

    SECTION SECTION
    MS1525:2007 Table 5

    If R1 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.


    If R1 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.
    If R1 is > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R1 between 1.30 and 2.00
    Horizontal Shading Devices

    If R1 < 0.30, SC2 = 1.

    The horizontal shading


    device did not
    450 contribute to the
    R1 = shading of the window
    2,400
    at all.
    450 = 0.1875
    2,400

    SC2 = 1
    SHADING COEFFICIENT - R2
    Vertical Shading Devices
    Eg 1

    y = 1.8m
    X
    R2 = y

    x = 0.75m
    Outside = 0.75
    1.8
    Inside
    = 0.42

    PLAN VIEW
    MS1525:2007 Table 6

    If R2 falls between increments, adopt the next larger ratio.


    If R2 is below 0.30, SC2 = 1.
    If R2 > 2.00, SC2 values shall be the same as R2 is between 1.30 and 2.00.
    Eggcrate Shading Devices
    MS1525:2007 Table 7
    SAMPLE BUILDING
    MENARA UAC
    MENARA UAC
    WEST

    N
    S

    W W
    SOUTH

    NORTH-EAST

    EAST
    MENARA UAC
    MENARA UAC
    HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WALLS
    MENARA UAC
    HEAT CONDUCTION THROUGH WINDOWS
    MENARA UAC
    SOLAR HEAT GAIN THROUGH WINDOWS
    MENARA UAC
    For circular or symmetrical
    floor plates, divide into 8 zones

    N
    NW NE

    W E

    SW SE
    S
    N NE

    W W S SE NE

    SE

    S DEVELOPED WALL
    ELEVATIONS
    WAYS TO IMPROVE OTTV
    1. Identify which component contributes the
    most to OTTV.
    2. Review Solar Correction Factor (CF) in Table 4.
    3. Review glass selection and its Shading
    Coefficient (SC).
    4. Review sunshades and its Shading Coefficient
    (SC) in Tables 5, 6 and 7.
    5. Review WWR.
    SUMMARY
    Clause 5.2
    OTTV applies to building envelope, where
    OTTV < 50 W/m2

    Clause 5.5
    Roof U-value refers to the thermal transmittance
    of the roof, where
    Roof U-value < 0.4 - 0.6 W/m2K

    Clause 5.6
    RTTV applies to roof with skylights, where
    RTTV < 25 W/m2
    THANK YOU

    Ar Chan Seong Aun


    Immeiate Past President PAM 2015-2017
    Chairman GBI Accrediation Panel
    M. Arch. B. Arch (NZ), P. Arch, APAM

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