Makalah Bahasa Inggris

Created by:
MIRA ZAHRA FAUZIYAH

PSIKOLOGI
1 C
GRAMMAR
1.Noun
Definition:
Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place ,thing ,animal or idea. In
linguistics a noun is a member of a large, open lexical category whose member can occur as the
main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.
Example:
2.Adjective
Definition:
In grammar an adjective is a describing word the main syntactic role of which is to
quality a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
Example:
3.Adverb
Definition:
Is an adverb that explains how or how something happens. Adverbs of manner are
generally located after the main verb or after the object.
Example
4.Tenses
Definition:
Tenses is a grammatical category, typically marked on the verb, that deictically refers to
the time of the event or state denoted by the verb in relation to some other temporal reverence
point.
Simple past tense

Definition:the simple past or past simple, sometimes also called the preterite, consists of
the bare past tense of the verb (ending in, ed for regular verbs, and formed in various
ways for irregular ones, see English verbs for details). In most questions (and other
situations requiring inversion) when negated and in certain emphatic statement, a
perpiphrastic construction consisting of did and the bare infinitive of the main verb is
generally used instead see do support.
Past continuous tense
Definition:we usually use the past continuous to talk about activities that lasted for
sometime in the past the actions can be interruped by something or can be happening at
the same time.
Past perfect tense
Definition:the past perfect sometimes called the pluperfect,combines past tense with
perfect aspect it is formed by combining had (the past tense of the auxiliary have) with
the past participle of the main verb. It is used when referring to an event that took place
prior to the time frame being considered. This time frame may be stated explicitly, as a
stated time or the time of another past action.
Past perfect continuous tense

Definition:the past perfect progressive or past perfect continuous (also known as the
pluperfect progressive or pluperfect continuous) combines perfect progressive aspect
with past tense. It is formed by combining had (the tense of auxiliary have) been (the
past participle of be) and the present participle of the main verb.
Simple present tense
Definition:present is a syntax that we use when we want to convey an idea that is routine
or occur at any time.
Present continuous tense
Definition:the present progressive or present continuous is a form which combines
present tense with progressive aspect. It thus refers to an action or event conceived of as
having limited duration, taking place at the present time. It consists of a form of the
simple present of be together with the present participle of the main verb.
Present perfect tense
Definition:the present perfect (traditionally called simply the perfect) combines present
tense with perfect aspect, denoting the present state of an actions being completed, that
is that the action took place before the present time. (it is thus often close in meaning to
the simple past tense, although the two are not usually interchangeable). It is formed with
the present tense of the auxiliary have (namely have or has) and the past participle of the
main verb.
Present perfect continuous tense
Definition:the present perfect progressive (present perfect continuous) construction
combines perfect progressive aspect with present tense. It is formed with the present
tense of have (have or has) the past participle of be (been) and the present participle of
the main verb. This construction right up to the present or has recently finished.
Simple future tense
Definition:the term simple future, as applied to English, generally refers to the
combination of the modal auxiliary verb will with the bare infinitive of the main verb,
sometimes (particulary in more formal or old fashioned English) shall is preferred to will
when the subject is first person (I or we) see shall and will for details. The auxiliary is
often contracted to ll see english auxiliaries and contractions.
Past future perfect tense

Definition:the future perfect combines perfect aspect with future time reference. It
consists of the auxiliary will (sometimes shall in the first person, as above) the bare
Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense
(+): s+v2+o (+):cs+was/were+v.ing+o
(-) : s+did+not+been+v1+o (-) : s+was/were+not+v.ing+o
(?): did+s+v1+o? (?): was/were+s+v.ing+o?
Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense
(+):s+had+v3+o (+):s+had+been+v.ing+o
(-) :s+had+not+v3+o (-) :s+had+not+been+v.ing+o
(?):had+s+v3+o? (?):had+s+been+v.ing+o?
infinitive have and the past participle of the main verb. It indicates an action that is to
completed sometime prior to a future time of perspective or an ongoing action
continuing up to a future time of perspective (compare uses of the present perfect
above).
Past future perfect continuous tense
Definition:the future perfect progressive or future perfect continuous combines perfect
progressive aspect with future time reference. It is formed by combining the auxiliary will
(sometimes shall, as above) the bare infinitive have the past participle been and the
present participle of the main verb. Uses of the future perfect progressive are analogous
to those of the present pefect progressive, except that the point of reference is in the
future.
Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense
(+) : s+v1(s/es)+o (+):s+is/am/are+v.ing+o
(-) : s+do/does+not+v1+o (-) : s+is/am/are+not+v.ing+o
(?) : do/does+s+v1+o? (?) : is/am/are+s+v.ing+o?
Present Perfect Continuous

Present perfect tense
Tense
(+): s+have/has++v3+o (+): s+have/has+been+v.ing+o
(-) : s+have/has+not+v3+o (-) : s+have/has+not+been+v.ing+o
(?):have/has+s+v3+o? (?):have/has+s+been+v.ing+o?
Past future continuous tense

Simple future tense
(+): s+will/shall+v1+o (+): s+would/should+be+v.ing+o
(-) : s+will/shall+not+v1+o (-) : s+would/should+not+be+v.ing+o
(?): will/shall+s+v1+o? (?): would/should+s+be+v.ing+o?
Past future perfect continuous

tense
(+): s+would/should+have+v3+o (+): s+would/should+have+been+v.ing+o
(-) : s+would/should+not+have+v3+o (-) : s+would/should+not+have+been+v.ing+o
(?): would/should+s+have+v3+o? (?): would/should+s+have+been+v.ing+o?
5.Passive voice
Definition
Is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by the
verb.
Tenses Active Passive

1.simple past tense We ate rice Rice was eaten by us
2.past continuous tense We was eating rice Rice was being eaten by us
3.past perfect tense We had eaten rice Rice had been eaten by us
4.past perfect continuous We had been eating rice Rice had been being eaten by us
tense
5.simple present tense We eat rice Rice is eaten by us
6.present continuous tense We are eating rice Rice is being eaten by us
7.present perfect tense We has eaten rice Rice has been eaten by us
8.present perfect continuous We has been eating rice Rice has been being eaten by us
tense
9.simple future tense We will eat rice Rice will be eaten by us
10.past future continuous We would be eating rice Rice would be being eaten by us
tense
11.past future perfect tense We would have eaten rice Rice would have been eaten by
us
12.past future perfect We would have been eating rice Rice would have been being
continuous tense eaten by us

Definition:the future perfect combines perfect
aspect with future time reference. It consists of
the auxiliary will (sometimes shall in the first
person, as above) the bare infinitive have and
the past participle of the main verb. It indicates
an action that is to completed sometime prior to
a future time of perspective or an ongoing
action continuing up to a future time of
perspective (compare uses of the present
perfect above).

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Makalah Bahasa Inggris

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Created by:

MIRA ZAHRA FAUZIYAH

Simple past tense

Past perfect continuous tense

Past future perfect tense

Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense

(+): s+v2+o (+):cs+was/were+v.ing+o

(-) : s+did+not+been+v1+o (-) : s+was/were+not+v.ing+o

(?): did+s+v1+o? (?): was/were+s+v.ing+o?

Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense

(-) :s+had+not+v3+o (-) :s+had+not+been+v.ing+o

Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense

(+) : s+v1(s/es)+o (+):s+is/am/are+v.ing+o

(-) : s+do/does+not+v1+o (-) : s+is/am/are+not+v.ing+o

(?) : do/does+s+v1+o? (?) : is/am/are+s+v.ing+o?

Present Perfect Continuous

(+): s+have/has++v3+o (+): s+have/has+been+v.ing+o

(-) : s+have/has+not+v3+o (-) : s+have/has+not+been+v.ing+o

Past future continuous tense

(-) : s+will/shall+not+v1+o (-) : s+would/should+not+be+v.ing+o

(?): will/shall+s+v1+o? (?): would/should+s+be+v.ing+o?

Past future perfect continuous

(+): s+would/should+have+v3+o (+): s+would/should+have+been+v.ing+o

(-) : s+would/should+not+have+v3+o (-) : s+would/should+not+have+been+v.ing+o

(?): would/should+s+have+v3+o? (?): would/should+s+have+been+v.ing+o?

Tenses Active Passive

Past future perfect tense

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