Vector - Wikipedia, La Enciclopedia Libre

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 13

012345

679
712345 7!"#$#%&'()#*+ 7
,7 9
+9 7 +77 ++4-5+96+-+7 .+ + - +- /0-+7+-1
7, *27 -+ 17- +7 17*3
67+7  ++9 7+78+ - 7+++7+7+ 0 8+ - 36 7 17
+ 7  - 20- 9 + 0  8+ - + 7+ 0 +-+0-+ +7-  8+ -+
+ 7++12 -+ 173670- - + 0  + +7 17 79 7  7
0- + -7 7-+0-+ +7+ ++ +3: 8+ -+ +77+ 0 + 
+ L+0-+ +7 17,-79 +78+ - 7
+0++7-+0-+ +7-,+- +7+  +,+7 +-+ +7+07 +7 +,+7- +7 -+7-+ 3
++ 0  3
;,7 +<+0 +,7 + 9
 .+ 7,7 + 8+ - + =8+  7.+ ++ 0/718 2.+7.+
+9 7 7 0- 1.++ .+- +8+
+-+7+  +718  7.+ +-+. +-+ 7 -
 -+ 179 7+ + - ,+*9+-/.+ > -+7<+2.+ +9+ +0+7++7 + ,7 1+
 -+ 17+7.+ >? 7++ 0/ +7+7<+0+ + 7+ + - +9 7 -+07 7 29 7+8  +73

@ABC21
4D7 +0 97+7+
434E+9 7 17
435D- +-
  +78+ -
436F,7 + 8+ - + 6 .++78+ - 7
43GH 17 +,+7+-+ +7-+ 07 ;2
43ID 9  17+8+ -+ S
43JD07+7+ +78+ -
43KL+0-+ +7 17,-79 + 8+ -+
43K34M+8+ -+
43K35N- 0-7+ -
5O0+- 7+ 78+ -+
534M+8+ -+
53434M+8+ -+ -+7 07
53435F+0-+,-
53436F+- 77,0 ,7
5343GF7
 0- 2 9+-+7 +8+ -+
535N- +78+ -0-7+ -
536N- + -
53GN- 8+ - 
53IE+- 8- 7- +78+ -
53JE+- 8 8- 7++78+ -
53KP7,+7-+ 8+ -+
53QE+ 0 7+ +78+ -
6D + +8+ - 
GL+.+-  +7 9
 + ,7 + 8+ - +
IR + 7
JL+9+-+7 
KS  ,-9

Q67 + +T+-7

U4A21V34WYZAB[\1A3[]1W
6  + 17+T0   0+  7  7+ + + 8+ -+ 0--+0-+ +7- +- ,7 + 9
  07+7+ +
78+ -7 17+   + 3
^1YCAC2C_A
6211898
2291 28224298292884182
92281202211898924221!245"#14241!2422
922222489 03989284221484285"
$%!242422242828 2222489&
2 012345 @92422!24"
'!24489()222!2222142!482182924%89!2429)4083224292422128
49281 (9281 5"
'!243211821%2229242482212*824428842%48&+,-
91&1814212924
2&18248218248
24&8812212812212429381218248
#1)18818(8.24.84841829212421!2412223221!241
8842%48&912"/
0!24232118224812489818224!89242"

122 34 5 247 89



'!242222328821!2424:221182
22248&

2288&
@28884288"
6289214:1398189242 0984245
09*4285&2228118 9141821 4;02;21:1398 591418
214 9<02<21:1398 5"=2813982228118 91418214 9;91418
21 4<0281822;<928884292425"
6221!241898!24812288&

6!242242922281222248(2122>222
22248&

2288&
@288492812"

622248921!24:389242293228182484275 5?9(2182248>821!24"
013456789
1 9
19  9 9 9
1
1
1919

0158  
9 91

1
 99199 9 !19!1

9 9

01"685$"7%$%4&9 9
11
9 ' 9
1
19 91


( 
9
1 
9 919

0183)*99 
 +1
1
 99
 9& 
19

,919
99 9 9 
-
.9 !
/  +
0 9
1+19
,9
1 
 +

2$3654%8*$7
01234266782996
6 3 482

6
4692
 96 6
69612
32998 23962321 6
9642 21648162478278263 9246 23422 3 6
1833 2196
83 62

84 9 66
23
8 2 6661223416
4692
 292
966 2349629 696
629216 3968216296 2941 24782378263 9246 23422 3 6

63836438 1 
3782992636
 66
836 12 3
46
94 6

6 3 482

3996 66
!"#$%&'233416
 3696
1 216
996 66
'%&%#'
(6
6 3 482
241 692
782631212
23466
1832342 642 )4 78212 *229
3 *1222413832
6 289  6323 )
2412
 23
32
83241
2
1212
2346183
2 2341 2346+
832417826616421 619

8 2342
292 234
,
893 48-./0&"
2 12
4 12 3  3
8
/$# $.196869822
211212
23466 2 634296
8 62
8
 32342
241 692

14 3692
6169296
69
222
212366
 2 634212366
396412
782 S212
2346 3 1) 62836 6 3 48
2421 36329)3 897821 62924139
222

4 
212366
 241 693 3 6 32
88342
521212
2346 83
2 2341 23463836 12 3 *82621 6
9616 69 6 329
21
12
6142
63

8366927665893 481212
23486929: 8929241961246 3 696 12 396
68346292766 3 6
8
234 
;"!%$.1
(6
6 3 482
241 692

21212
23463239
42<4
12

192416
231=#$!%
616 2123 6196
296
6 3 482
2
69612
782
21212
2346323>?@ABCD39
42<4

638
1 4
96
6 3 482
241 692

21212
234639638369276
*129692416
7822
36
8 89E298692
832
6961F
GH-I&"'
1212
2346312
24 6 234296
6 3 482
241 692
2 89
J
DK9 892836 6 3 48241 6946 * 3
21212
2346232116323412 S212
2346 329
2412

*6116
96346 3112
3 234269241, 
39
42<4
638
1 4

22
1 *2, 6169
2412
 
 6169
89

L863323 6
21212
2346396 6 3 48241 6976 23122123 6691 23692<412 29
2 2341 234678296
1212
2346 2 41 6 23426

22
3639
2412
1212
2346
23960 816923961 6 12
89463
84 92
46346 36169
2412
7821212
23463292
966 234
+2 )
22
46
323 32
9
2412
83 461 
21
12
8 892
9683 6
21212
234631282342 2342383
 18392223 61222 9 
M&%'$N$%$.1/!"#'
52 39
1 421 
782
284 9 236162421 36196 8696278 923 62
2412
8223
4 3 8 1
2
4 34
4 
29



,
P2412
9 *12
,32
4)369 6
233 3 383423614 8961
P2412
2
9 6342
,
8834269 6 38222
9 6169961 2
8124626 3
P2412
 2
9 6
,2
4)369 6
238383423614 8961
Q2 
1221 13
46 * 36,
P2412
83 461 
,2412
2 8983 6
P2412
38112342
63 89612
,
36782996
86
 12 32
9326
26 36
63183
834R6 * 3
292


8292996 6163 89612
17821 6383)3 89234122996

P2412
82
4
,2412
2 869 6 3 48 12 321
234 
34161 
83 3 9

2 2782
32 869
6 3 4821 12 32
34161 6
678296 12 346 * 3 3 629
234 
P2412
9 32692
,9
2412
782 61423836
6124626 3
P2412
616929
,

*12838211 6463
 )
8216
86
9326
26 3
36169296

P2412
96361 
,9
2412
86
1246
26 3
396361 6
E
4866
2383
963F
0123145465795
4 5 61
!"
#$%%
!&
'####
(##&)!
!*%+
3&

!",!&-#
#.

'$#% # # #$#$$
#/&
"0,#
.1!!2#0+

3"#$0+

'4#"#!$!#
$!5!&6/
,,&
753 575468 9:4; <=9 895>17 5 61 57
?%$0.,,"%"#0"$
!#!*$(&@+
A"!,510%.02&
),5#5,!
0%&
'$,5#,0!&
@B5..##$.01,2
$1020"%##
#%$0&
).B##"%$
&
A$,"%+
0123567689
6
 !"##"#$%
!&'( !")()"$!&

*+'( !,!#-%("(#%&./(0
1"21"%%#$""%&

3+'( 4!)+,4 !+)#-%("""(


&

5+'(-4+( 6,#(-%(-"2#
#%&

7+'( 48+,6#-%-"#8#("(&

9
5189
:
1;6 83<3
"" "=-#"&
>""(" ##%
%#(?"""=""( @
%#?/%%#"/%#
"@-"##"@@(A

+'(B4C+,4BC+#-%("B4C4++""#D,BC#%4BC+
(D&
01345678944
6 44 4 5 7  8944896 445674
6 94 5 7654445 9746 4795 
66556 9   45 74 

5134567894 !1 !4 4


667 7646 7609 674 45   945 76 

134567894 "1 "4 4


667 7646 7609 674 45   94 5 7

#74 5 74 4$44 667  7 564 4  4%4   47674 


&'()*+,-.(/+-.1(+2-)(/
345*6(1(+2-)(/
#7 97 45 74 6074 45 7745 71 44 5457474 4  4  45 74  4 8944 4
746 495656
54 4
747644  745 7
345*6(1(+2-)(//-8)(4.5,/5-'4.2-
9 9445 74 4 :064466 60 45 74 47 4454 6 4 5645 76 4; 657894 45 74 94
47 9 4044 7 65 44 6 9 95 6564947 0749  67;659  9  4
 655656564 4=>?@ BCD5C6B?EF44 4947  947 59  4 6556 4464 
94774 9  454 7<

344  9447 645 74  65 46474 4 9  G 9 4 6556 4 4 9 46 47 45564 
745  45564  947 9 54 4 4 45 7494774 9  44 4$45$  9454 4 7676 4
45 74 <

G 4 74 9  44 4 4 49474 5%9 4947 74 45  9 5 59 7 94774 9  4
01234346789
97673
9 3
 
!"#$%!&'
(')*!
!'#%!+!"#, 
!-!$!.&
0123434672
/01 2733 12343837/ 3197
!"#3'4 >!
!")! 
$*!*)
.
012343919752/6389
97972 984/96
616/946:6623
67
;&'
>"!

#)#

*'

3%

3'*'%"!$#%'3 4

<3)333
=
3426234621:6623
83
21676979

*33'*3
!'**!
01234567875
125 25 5631 4624 175
5 382 825
14 1
65175 7425 46
3818 31631 5 5 5
7
8755 382 884674 15
5 1
12
51665 1
1265 3825
287 3875 82 525 25 5631  5251
41

34
4 1678 1716175
1 8 865635 75
5 382 825
5 1
125 385 

86
16831 461324 41
521

0287 38 8265 1
12
!"#$&'#()(
!"#$*&#$+()
,&+*(!(!+-(+(!&"-*&#$
.17865 382/55 6 4675611241
54675 56745635

1

18
1752417182746124175
5 382 8625 5 3875
11241
50 1

1678
1752417175 1716175  8 865635 88
4755 1
125 532131211

3564567856 5631/5
8 5 3825 6431248 86 86 31635 567
87425 46
866831 461324 41
521

2518 6535
87575241 467565 382 1234567875616 465 38241
1

4 316 4625 25 563161 2155


4 8471
1
257578275
5356752174864717 88 54
 32156
142108758 414612/5
5 31 215
13215 382417561 123 
1
16 46 25 25 56315
5 382 8 4 46566 4675
345 80.5241678
3567258 1
01234526783271
4 272

271
4 272713 18
8446
11823418132 13847272112
1672646711
46213 18
138472771322
3216646713
41887181
44

1 18
138472716 18
26161232
218
4216136882788
322
321627246261316478124238
238
1
141617138 238
11232
1471
4 !187161 88167
2813 18
2131
246
"#$%&'('*+&'$%',-#(#.,&#*-+$
/26781632
711312
6202141201687813784648716 18
126021 4310882678113126
88
716272
4361232 2
4246823716 18
711674161713418711671688387132 2
42467188616188
161328713271
4 2728
7462
4246824267132 2
424671328
416246713221 2 2
42468231332271
4 272
8 2
4261

/2678113126221412388
7162722
1426243271
4 2728 2
4261846471863271
4 2728
7462
4258
11138
267811742138 4416871622
327171641271
11
164268461
42316
8246322131
2486171/8
4834
16
121711623828
1186416168
828
1168861
6,7.8+#,-$#(+9&#*-+$#9
3!638711
462788
3274
148617178 18
1 416172788

"#9*+:;+9%*%+,#9(#.,&#*-+$
<2786 18
6274
14671
11
164272728
6 18
642
481171718861
13
41
18
1662
8861612
231328
28861611
167432
23274
14671
11
1642

6421271884461216741
161861=888718861
322131
24616628861612
23132232
13847278
28861611
167432
23242>24261316461!642166688
163268171718861
1
166288616168
232332688
22
23132
01234568189
6 12 9  941 84648993
6892464984  41 918942 26 9698
18189
4613 1824112181 !""#$&' (')* 929
218
6 12 9 96 14 9
6 12 9
969481+

,- .".-/)0"-'
1621224 1191 49696)0-$30 -"$'"$-'4
 96 161
69216 1 49  941694
1846489
619 1 4568 98
9
464961214816921 456461 9 48188
61214
64141
8 499961
8246167681
6  9 1896
6
4218 9986181 141619:;=;>? 96
6131  94119 4181
846481 99 9 @9

A91
961294
41294218B 9986189216646894B9
94682429829894
936129
66
 9489999618B
9:C;=C;>C? 96
6131  941 19 4181846481 99 9 6 F12349831  9416
1 92 9668  9 616
 131  94126+

19 1 456891 4568131  94142 


8 1 92911 4568
69 1894619 6189 9
61
214?1 
168993  992
4 4 16891  9?+

4
1214816921 456 11 12349831  9416
DE !'
16 1942 64
49612164
818898B>68291
16921 456+

A1 11 4 1 45689 1898 412


4 4 11214 9  9 F12349831  9416
9368291 4568  9 616
 131  941+
012345

67095
5323 20426 29 5236732 7702 29 5176
!"##$!%#"
&5976'12()  6742*391532053+
250276209530 1 ,23 29 5*-0195.77'237()  672 2023 23 29 5*-0195/650
765203
019504267095
5323 20426
10
5
241450 541*223 20502 745204223 730*5
7024279245953912 70
267915320*1170
23
2933197324 531737523276
23 202 161673 29 5205231350/667
74507 2920 29 520 56720/13 5953 0245 29 520/
667
7450 29 5207717620'2276
23 22 2023 7326476428545242
7531 420 23051762073 101
0 197026
5
23 573567/26
97
5
7530 195, 5470670
7531 420'2239,742*131919313 2 123226 549 5 29 5176053232761474 0245 29 5205
29 5207717620
23 25-720 291764267267 1 1474/0565650 29 520 2 741
23015376209,70
241470 5
7470 541*223 20502 74520 242302
26791537470
24173 276537 730*5
7919342:523 69530 1 ,23
7531 420 29 517620;0-67095
5323 2042450
7531 420
29 517620
241470 5450502 74520 ,42232679153702427924595367015123 22679193<

=5342 05367095
5323 204267
7 16'24767 730*5
7919342:523 6>7531 42095
526
5
23 573567/2697
5
2609 19552697
5
7530 19542?29?523 25-74267267 1 147435053
7531 420 29 5176200135 230517620
@A##BA
.549 5209767 D10 2
75232745
E342 23423917613276
.549 5 29 5176 F702G36527H
=562 549 5 29 5176 F7025 555376
.549 5
17 5 F7025 535
76
.549 5 2305176
C5
1379193613276
#
7
103041299193,023 145w 35137^\xGH26976203 29 5
I23195F5
1731/J31 201474&7915376426:1 576/24/ '223523276 2343410 13 741299193,023 145'2G Hw 35137
KLMNLOPQRT(RUQOVWRG? <XX55Y055556220X55Y0X9
Z14[1:8F\ ^IxGHC5302923917426742*131919320'267412991934220 2
*44]^;C_ 5[.;I`H/ Ia)I`/EDF&b^cbc^`\caddb 29 5421 747/4X4 /20 73523 27679 7134197 16/0023 145
e:65 10/fg6 26/h15/:9 26GIbbcH/241 5176i27/24/jQkVWRl 202642650 7650929123 20426 73
2 5209767 /,'20
WmPkMOLnPVWMopPqWOVWMrLsm(rRNL(OMksQkVWMkrLURV(tL(VLPQRG?
946520<GHz
<XX55Y055556220X55Y0X9
Z14[;u;)fh
i682C_ 5[.;e]H/ d>73267F67395D339?26/>79176C72 5D339?26/u500>7
e])e^/d]/^\/^I/ce/EDF&b^cca^d]\Ic^\/vG91 5765350212
650H f5363626C65 0GIbb^H/2419153204267i52/24/{PMtPRNRrL
w42 35137e]xwy 70
7531 420x667
7470 29 517620/4534235 rV|LPkVsVWRWVn(WmPPVWmURPlqN}VOMWVL(OQsVWMoOLW(MUntVWMl~MWVWUM
70 79535920 7653
2195/0135'2742
30203292071547 rLG? <XX55Y055556220X55Y0X9
Z14[ECy
2=
]5C
D_u`R` 45 A 4~@QvA @A4@ []@ A@?5 A44{ op A 4 qF _M\\KKKP FAQ P5A4P\_ \_ @P \C 4K? ?_tz^
@? Q Q@A@[__789:=;== u}D`cud A 4 Dzcpu9D^9uLD^RzuLD^R:uLD^97uL
;@ @5H,aW"Ub"#W%U',&))I,)$#'F _M\\KKK? m4 D^]RuLD^]8uLD^~7uLD^c]uLD^cuLD^uLD^7u
Q Q\A??\  ;\~4AP  ?\p A 4 Q4 _Qm @J? LD^}
uLD^:^uLD^`uLD^8^uLD^^
uLD^^uL 
_4  _v@ @J? FRAQ P5
@ ]4? Q4 <Q y@4Q 
>ocA@Q d A 4 qF _M\\_ P F4 \ A5A4_ Q@\p A 4 F P
 @J?  F4 ]4? Q4 <Q y@4Q 
012314567897

 !"##$%&"')"*+'$#,-./%012"&"'345 6789:;;;;;789:;<=789:;<
>789:;;;;;>=
 ?@AB4C DE  E  F8GHI'$#' @J?: KL4 BMN4FO@ 5D84?789:;=<>=
8 K55P4QRSN K N4FO;GHI'$#'T%UV#$"&W$'W',&)X&Y$&""U' @J?Z Q@A@[9 44B?\]4 789:
><;;;=
^@_ R*+'$#,a,U,0,#$"&#$,I0,W"#&%0%Y+,-b/%012"&"'39 A 4McQ d J789:;;<<
ef37ghihklh6f4i
O@BA@4 @4 @  Q m@@A@4 ?54 @m4 PA@[?4C nhgl46
O @?? @c @AOop A 4 qF _M\\P FK4 QK4m PA4P\p A 4 F PcO @?? @c @AOr,WHs%U0) @J?
O4m P ?  AF

C @Q4Q oF _?M\\ ?K@B@_ Q@4 \K\@Q 6_F_t @  up A 4 D4Q@Qu<;q

8 Q@ [ ? _v@_4 w @Pd x <4A =?;M<


c 6 4 ? vQ@?_4@C Cy4z@A A@]  @d ]4PP4?R @CA@[]4P_ @ 7<S_ Q _@A ? Av??
Q@A@4 ?R? ? ?@ @4? QA _  ? 4? J P@4?Q ?45 ? _4{ @AQ _ @dA@QQ
O@B@_ Q@| ?P A @? QQ }QA@[O@B@P Q@7A4 @xA@[?@v@P4Q A 4

You might also like