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    Valves: Types and Working Principles

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    Ehab Abowarda
    Valves are components that regulate the flow or pressure of fluids in piping systems. The main types are globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Valves have various components like bodies, seats, stems, and actuators. Proper selection depends on the intended isolation, regulation, or other functional requirements. Design also considers factors like fluid compatibility, pressure ratings, and leak prevention. Valve standards provide guidelines for sizing, installation, testing, and maintenance to ensure safety and performance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Valves: Types and Working Principles

    Uploaded by

    Ehab Abowarda
    50 views73 pages
    Valves are components that regulate the flow or pressure of fluids in piping systems. The main types are globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Valves have various components like bodies, seats, stems, and actuators. Proper selection depends on the intended isolation, regulation, or other functional requirements. Design also considers factors like fluid compatibility, pressure ratings, and leak prevention. Valve standards provide guidelines for sizing, installation, testing, and maintenance to ensure safety and performance.

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    04_valves

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    Valves are components that regulate the flow or pressure of fluids in piping systems. The main types are globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Valves have various components like bodies, seats, stems, and actuators. Proper selection depends on the intended isolation, regulation, or other functional requirements. Design also considers factors like fluid compatibility, pressure ratings, and leak prevention. Valve standards provide guidelines for sizing, installation, testing, and maintenance to ensure safety and performance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views73 pages

    Valves: Types and Working Principles

    Uploaded by

    Ehab Abowarda
    Valves are components that regulate the flow or pressure of fluids in piping systems. The main types are globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, check valves, and pressure relief valves. Valves have various components like bodies, seats, stems, and actuators. Proper selection depends on the intended isolation, regulation, or other functional requirements. Design also considers factors like fluid compatibility, pressure ratings, and leak prevention. Valve standards provide guidelines for sizing, installation, testing, and maintenance to ensure safety and performance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 73

    Valves

    Types and working principles


    Valves
    Are components in a fluid power or pressure
    system that either regulate the flow or the
    pressure of the fluid.
    This duty may involve starting or stopping
    flow, controlling flow rate, diverting flow,
    preventing backflow, controlling pressure, or
    relieving pressure.
    Globe valve
    Piston Valves
    Gate valve
    Plug valve
    Ball valve
    Butterfly valve
    Flexible Body Valves
    Function
    Isolation= Start/ stop = On/ off
    Regulation = Throttling = Control
    Selection Criteria
    Isolation: pressure losses.
    Regulation: linear relation.
    Check Valve
    Non Return valve
    Backflow prevention
    Pressure relief valve
    Relief excess pressure.
    Protect the system from
    overpressure.
    Safety valve
    Principal types of valves according to
    method of flow regulation
    Valve components
    Actuator
    Body Ends
    Bolted: Wafer, Flanged
    Threaded: Male, female, union
    Welded
    Wafer body
    Threaded
    Welded ends
    Welding, But end
    Welding Socket End
    Flanged ends
    Fluid tightness of valves
    Inline seals
    Between seat and closure member.
    The prime duty of the valve is to provide a
    fluid seal between seat and the closure
    member.
    Stem seals
    Seal provided around the stem to prevent
    process fluid from escaping to atmosphere.
    Body Manufacturing
    Forged small sizes
    Casting larger sizes
    VALVE SEATINGS
    Are the portions of the seat and closure
    member that contact each other for closure.
    Metal seatings
    Sealing with sealants
    Soft seatings
    METAL SEATINGS
    Resistance to erosion, corrosion, and abrasion.
    Wear particle size effect
    AISI 410 STELLITE has proved most
    successful for harsh conditions.
    API 600 lists eating materials and their
    combinations frequently used in steel valves.
    SOFT SEATINGS
    One or both seating faces may consist of soft
    material such as plastic or rubber.
    Very effective sealing
    Limited use at high temperatures and
    pressures
    Compatibility with the fluid.
    High pressure gas sudden shut off limitations.
    SEALING MECHANISM
    Sealability Against Liquids
    is determined by the surface tension and the
    viscosity of the liquid.
    Sealability against gases
    is determined by the viscosity of the gas and
    the size of the gas molecules.
    Mechanisms for closing leakage passages.
    Effect of surface tension on leakage flow
    through capillary
    PROVING FLUID TIGHTNESS
    Tests are normally carried out with water, air,
    or inert gases.
    Tests are applied to the valve body and seats.
    With water the leakage rate is metered in
    terms of volume-per-time unit or liquid
    droplets per time units.
    Gas leakage may be expressed in terms of
    leakage gas bubbles per unit time.
    STEM SEALS TYPES
    COMPRESSION PACKINGS
    Soft material that is stuffed into the stuffing
    box and compressed by a gland to form a seal.
    LIP-TYPE PACKINGS
    SQUEEZE-TYPE PACKINGS
    THRUST PACKINGS
    Valve stem seals
    Bellows metal seal
    Video shot 1
    Video shot 2
    View animation
    Antistatic device
    Ball valves for fire exposure
    Emergency seat seal is provided by a sharp-
    edged or chamfered secondary metal seal in
    close proximity to the ball.
    Packing may be made entirely of pure
    graphite.
    Three basic standards applies to such
    requirement API 607, API RP 6F, BS 5146.
    Flow in pipe Laminar and turbulent
    FLOW THROUGH VALVES
    Resistance coefficient
    Define friction loss attributable o a valve in a pipeline in terms
    of velocity head or velocity pressure
    FLOW COEFFICIENT Cv
    Flow capacity US GPM, under stated conditions
    FLOW COEFFICIENT Kv
    Flow capacity M3/Hr , under stated conditions
    FLOW COEFFICIENT Av
    Version of Kv in SI units (M3/S)
    CAVITATION OF VALVES
    When a liquid passes through a partially
    closed valve, the static pressure in the region
    of the increasing velocity and in the wake of
    the closure member drops and may reach the
    vapor pressure of the liquid.
    Can be minimized by letting the pressure drop
    occurs in stages.
    A sudden enlargement of the flow passage
    downstream of the valve can protect from
    cavitation damage.
    View Expriement
    WATER HAMMER FROM VLVE OPERATION

    When a valve is being opened or closed to


    change the flow rate, the change n kinetic
    energy of the flowing fluid column introduces
    a transient change in the static pressure in the
    pipe. In the case of a liquid, this transient is
    sometimes accompanied by a shaking of the
    pipe an a hammering sound.
    Attenuation of valve noise
    Letting down of gas by valves from a high to a
    low pressure can produce a troublesome and,
    in extreme cases, unbearable noise.
    A major portion of the noise arises from the
    high-velocity jet shearing the relatively still
    medium downstream of the valve.
    Silencer types and function
    Identification of valve size and pressure
    class
    ASME B16.34
    NPS: Nominal pipe size (inch)
    CLASS: Pressure class (psi)
    DN: NOMINAL DIAMETER (mm)
    PN: PRESSURE NOMINAL (bar)
    Code requirements
    B31.8 Gas pipelines (view)
    Para 803.4 valves definitions
    Para 846 valves design installation and testing.
    Para 853.4 Valve maintenance.
    Next

    Design

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