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    Additional Mathematics

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    Adam Naqib
    This document discusses methods for solving quadratic equations. It describes factorizing quadratic expressions, completing the square to write expressions as perfect squares, and using the quadratic formula. Examples are provided to illustrate each method. Factorizing can be used when the expression can be fully factorized into two linear factors. Completing the square allows writing any quadratic as a perfect square plus a constant. The quadratic formula provides the general solution for any quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Additional Mathematics

    Uploaded by

    Adam Naqib
    168 views5 pages
    This document discusses methods for solving quadratic equations. It describes factorizing quadratic expressions, completing the square to write expressions as perfect squares, and using the quadratic formula. Examples are provided to illustrate each method. Factorizing can be used when the expression can be fully factorized into two linear factors. Completing the square allows writing any quadratic as a perfect square plus a constant. The quadratic formula provides the general solution for any quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

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    Quadratic Equations formulae

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    This document discusses methods for solving quadratic equations. It describes factorizing quadratic expressions, completing the square to write expressions as perfect squares, and using the quadratic formula. Examples are provided to illustrate each method. Factorizing can be used when the expression can be fully factorized into two linear factors. Completing the square allows writing any quadratic as a perfect square plus a constant. The quadratic formula provides the general solution for any quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    168 views5 pages

    Additional Mathematics

    Uploaded by

    Adam Naqib
    This document discusses methods for solving quadratic equations. It describes factorizing quadratic expressions, completing the square to write expressions as perfect squares, and using the quadratic formula. Examples are provided to illustrate each method. Factorizing can be used when the expression can be fully factorized into two linear factors. Completing the square allows writing any quadratic as a perfect square plus a constant. The quadratic formula provides the general solution for any quadratic equation in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    ADDITIONAL MATHEMATICS

    QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (FORM 4)

    When a real number a is multiplied by itself n times, the result is the nth power of a.

    Example: 5555 = 54 (5 to the power of 4)

    In general, if a is any real number and n is a positive integer, then

    The integer n is called the index or exponent and a is the base.

    Solving Quadratic Equations


    To solve a quadratic equation means to find all the roots of the quadratic equations.
    Example:
    Find the roots of the quadratic equations
    a. x2=9x2=9
    b. 2x298=02x298=0
    Answer:
    a.
    x2=9x=9x=3x2=9x=9x=3
    b.
    2x298=02x2=98x2=982=49x=49=72x298=02x2=98x2=982=49x=49=7

    A quadratic equation may be solve by using one of the following method

    a. Factorisation
    b. Completing the square
    c. Using quadratic formula
    2.2a Solving Quadratic Equations Factorisation
    1. If a quadratic equation can be factorised into a product of two factors such that

    (x p)(x q) = 0
    Hence
    x p = 0 or x q = 0
    x = p or x=q
    p and q are the roots of the equation.

    Notes
    1.The equation must be written in general form ax2 + bx + c = 0 before factorisation.
    2. This method can only be used if the quadratic expression can be factorised
    completely.

    Example 1:
    Find the roots of the quadratic equations
    (a) x (2x 8) = 0
    (b) x2 16x = 0
    (c) 3x2 75x = 0
    (d) 5x2 100x = 25x

    Solution:
    (a)
    x (2x 8) = 0
    x = 0 or 2x 8 = 0
    2x 8 = 0
    2x = 8
    x=4
    x = 0 or x = 4
    (b)
    x2 16x = 0
    x (x 16) = 0
    x = 0 or x 16 = 0
    x = 0 or x = 16

    (c)
    3x2 75x = 0
    3x (x 25) = 0
    3x = 0 or x 25 = 0
    x = 0 or x = 25

    (d)
    5x2 100x = 25x
    5x2 100x 25x = 0
    5x2 125x = 0
    x (5x 125) = 0
    x = 0 or 5x 125 = 0
    5x = 125
    x = 25
    x = 0 or x = 25

    Example 2:
    Solve the following quadratic equations
    (a) x 4x 5 = 0
    2

    (b) 1 5x + 2x = 4
    2

    Solution:
    (a)
    x 4x 5 = 0
    2

    (x 5) (x + 1) = 0
    x 5 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
    x = 5 or x = 1

    (b)
    1 5x + 2x = 4
    2

    2x 5x + 1 4 = 0
    2

    2x 5x 3 = 0
    2

    (2x + 1) (x 3) = 0
    2x + 1= 0 or x 3 = 0
    2x = 1 or x = 3
    x = or x = 3
    2.2b Solving Quadratic Equations Completing the Square

    (A) The Perfect Square


    1. The expression x + 2x + 1 can be written in the form (x + 1)2, it is called a perfect
    2

    square.
    2. If the algebraic expression on the left hand side of the quadratic equation is a
    perfect, the roots can be easily obtained by finding the square roots.

    Example:
    Solve each of the following quadratic equation
    (a) (x + 1)2 = 25
    (b) x 8x + 16 = 49
    2

    Solution:
    (a)
    (x + 1)2 = 25
    (x + 1)2 = 25
    x = 1 5
    x = 5 or x = 6

    (b)
    x 8x + 16 = 49
    2

    (x 4)2 = 49
    (x 4) = 49
    x=47
    x = 11 or x = 3

    (B) Solving Quadratic Equation by Completing the Square

    1. To solve quadratic equation, we make the left hand side of the equation a perfect
    square.
    2. To make any quadratic expression x2 + px into a perfect square, we add the
    term (p/2) to the expression and this will make
    2

    3. The following shows the steps to solve the equation by using completing the square
    method for quadratic equation ax2 + bx = c.
    (a) Rewrite the equation in the form ax2 + bx = c.
    (b) If the coefficient a 1, reduce it to 1 (by dividing).
    (c) Add (p/2) to both sides of the equation.
    2
    (d) Write the expression on the left hand side as a perfect square.
    (e) Solve the equation.
    2.2c Solving Quadratic Equations Quadratic Formula

    The quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0ax2+bx+c=0 can be solved by using the quadratic formula
    bb24ac2abb24ac2a

    Example
    Use the quadratic formula to find the solutions of the following equations.
    a. x2+5x24=0x2+5x24=0
    b. x(x+4)=10x(x+4)=10

    a. For the equation x2+5x24=0x2+5x24=0


    a = 1, b = 5, c = -24
    x=bb24ac2ax=(5)(5)24(1)(24)2(1)x=51212x=8 or x=3
    x=bb24ac2ax=(5)(5)24(1)(24)2(1)x=51212
    x=8 or x=3

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