Selecting and Sourcing

Coating Systems for

Water Tanks

A JPCL eBook
i

Selecting and Sourcing

Coating Systems for
Water Tanks
A JPCL eBook

Copyright 2011 by
Technology Publishing Company
2100 Wharton Street, Suite 310
Pittsburgh, PA 15203

All Rights Reserved

This eBook may not be copied or redistributed

without the written permission of the publisher.
Contents ii

Contents

Introduction iii

1 Performance or Preference: A Look at

Selected Systems for Water Tank Interiors
by Dan Zienty, Lee Dornbusch, and Tony Ippoliti
1

7 A Comparison of Ultra-Long-Life Coating

Systems for Water Storage Tanks
by Michael Doolittle
7

12 Coating Systems Guide for Water Tanks 12

20 Coatings Company Profiles 20

Introduction iii

Introduction

This eBook consists of two articles published in JPCL during the last
several years on the topic of selecting and specifying coatings for water
tanks, as well as JPCL Buying Guide material on coatings systems
for water works facilities in various exposure environments.

The Buying Guide is organized, rst, by exposure type, such as

Immersion Exposure - Potable Water Approved, then by substrate type,
rst steel, then concrete. Then, coating manufacturers are listed in alpha-
betical order and their preferred system is named in both proprietary and
generic terms. Finally, contact details are given for all the companies.

This collection is designed to provide general guidance on selecting

and specifying water tank coatings, and then to give sources for
acquiring the appropriate systems.
 Water Tank
Interiors 1

By Dan Zienty and Performance or Preference:

Lee Dornbusch, Short Elliott
Hendrickson Inc., and A Look at Selected Systems
Tony Ippoliti, The Sherwin-
Williams Company for Water Tank Interiors

W
Editors note: This article was hile water storage tanks may vary greatly in size, style, and design,
published in JPCL in May 2007. all share a common need for maintenance or periodic recondition-
The field research project described ing. Concrete tank exteriors, for example, are regularly protected
here received an honorable mention
with acrylic or vinyl-acrylic systems in a smooth or textured finish.
award for Engineering Excellence at
the Minnesota Section of the And for the interiors of concrete tanks, polyurea or polyurethane
American Council of Engineering elastomers are applied to make interior concrete surfaces leak-proof.
Companies. Coating remediation in steel tanks is most common in areas of the tank that
are difficult to access for painting: interiors above the waterline, for example.
Unsealed roof lap-plate seams and intermittently welded roof support systems
represent common areas requiring coating maintenance. The evaluation and
study of the a Minnesota citys 400,000-gallon steel water storage tank, completed

The Anoka water by an engineering firm in 2002, revealed a need for renovation and a unique
tank evaluation opportunity to conduct a test project with a new, NSF 61-approved, zinc-rich
coating.
revealed extensive
rust bleed and The Proposal
corrosion along Working with three partnerscoatings manufacturerSherwin-Williams; the City of
Anoka, MN; and coating contractor Classic Protective Coatingsengineering firm
the edge of the SEH, which had evaluated the tank, offered to conduct a side-byside test of two
structural support interior paint systems with a single application of a moisture-cured urethane
angles, the roof (MCU) organic zinc-rich coating. The coating had been recently approved by NSF
radial plate lap International under standard ANSI/NSF 61 for use in potable water tanks. Like
traditional NSF 61-approved epoxy coatings for water tank interiors, the MCU or-
joints, and similar ganic zinc-rich that would be tested is approved for application without a topcoat.
areas notorious for The goal was to differentiate between the coating system preferences of the
premature coating owner (by applying coatings frequently used) and the coating system perform-
ance (by comparing the frequently used systems with the single application of
failures. zinc-rich coating). According to the coating manufacturer, this test project rep-
resented the first time a zinc-rich coating on its own has been used in an actual
in-service water tower. For the purpose of this study, performance was defined as
the lack of blistering and peeling. Further, performance was to mean less than
10% corrosionRust Grade 4Gin accordance with SSPC-Vis 2, Standard Method
of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces.
 2

Background
Universal corrosion theory confirms that for rust to form on a
steel surface, an anode, cathode, electrolyte, and metallic path-
way must be present. If any of these elements are missing, cor-
rosion will not occur. A steel construction elementcolumn,
girder, beam, or plateis comprised of countless grains or
cells of steel. Some of the cells act as cathodes; others act as
anodes. Their proximity to one another provides the metallic
pathway needed for the transfer of electrons. Rain, snow, con-
densation, or potable water in a tank provides the electrolytic
component.
Corrosion is an electrochemical phenomenon. One method
to prevent corrosion is to prohibit the formation of rust by con-
necting a more noble or passive metal (steel) to a less noble
active metal. Less noble metals (zinc, in this example) act as
sacrificial anodic materials because providing the electrons that
protect the steel surface eventually exhausts them. The anode
provides the electrons that passivate the protected steel sur-
faces, making it a cathode. In the case of a water storage tank,
cathodic protection may be provided by an impressed current
system (see AWWA D104). Conceivably, lining the steel surfaces
with zinc-aluminum metalizinga slow, very expensive, but
long-lasting alternativecould also provide passivation. One of
the authors is aware of one municipality that has experienced
very good corrosion protection using such a method.
The Anoka water tank evaluation revealed extensive rust
bleed and corrosion along the edge of the structural roof sup-
port angles; around the compression ring; between intermittent
welds, the upper shell stiffener ring, and roof; and at roof radial
Completed test area: (left) epoxy/epoxy;
(upper right) zinc-rich/epoxy/epoxy; plate lap joints. These locations are notorious for premature
(lower right) MCU zinc-rich coating failures because it is difficult to apply coating systems
Photos courtesy of the authors
in these nooks, crevices, and edges.
Condensation forms in these areas (hence, they are called vapor areas) and
causes premature coating failure, leading to rusting, flaking, or coating delami-
nation. Such corrosion can lead to serious structural problems and costly repairs
if left unchecked. Depending on the design of the tank, seal welding of roof-sup-
porting members in the vapor areas may offer a permanent yet costly solution.
However, in other tanks, seal welding cannot be done because it would prevent
the movement or expansion that has been designed into such areas.
The evaluation allowed the following question to be raised: could an organic
zinc coating alone protect the roof and roof support system from corrosion?
Would it sacrifice itselfact as an anodeif not over-coated, or would it have
performance similar to other barrier-type immersion-grade epoxy coating sys-
tems? Barrier coatings protect against corrosion by preventing an atmospheric
or a submerged electrolytein this case waterfrom contacting the substrate,
thereby removing one of the four components necessary for corrosion.
For decades, barrier coatings containing rust-inhibitive pigments such as lead
or zinc-chromate had been used as primers under topcoat systems on the interiors
 3

Table 1: Systems Tested

of water towers to protect steel from the effects
of corrosion; however, such pigments, which
were based on heavy metals, were later deemed
detrimental to public health because of the heavy
metal content. Rust-inhibitive coatings limit cor-
rosion by having their corrosion-preventing pig-
ments solubilize slightly under wet conditions.
The solubilized pigments then act to passivate
the surface at the steel/coating interface. Manu-
facturers of coatings intended for potable water
contact have their coatings tested to determine
whether solvents or other toxins leach from the
coatings. No coatings with such leachates are ap-
proved for use in todays drinking water tanks.
Further, coating system approval for each proj-
ect in Minnesota is also required by the Min-
nesota Department of Health.
The engineering firm learned in 2002 that a
new MCU organic zinc-rich immersion-grade
coating received NSF approval. The manufacturer
formulated the coating so that it would receive
**Note: remaining interior areas of tank, not part of the test study region, NSF 61-approval with or without a topcoat.
protected with this coating system.
There are practical reasons for the manufac-
turers approach to formulation. One reason is that, if the interior topcoat were
damaged in such a way to expose the NSF 61-approved zinc-rich coating, no
threat to the public would be derived from drinking water that was exposed to the
MCU zinc-rich system. In the past, during the transition to NSF 61-approved coat-
ings, water tank interiors were occasionally Brush-Off Blast Cleaned (SSPC-SP 7)
prior to the application of approved coatings or coating systems. When these
coatings were damagedor worse, if they blisteredthe existing, non-NSF-
approved coatings would be exposed to the stored drinking water, creating a
potential health risk.

The Case Study

Enter the Anoka water tank repair project.
The engineering firm approached the manufacturer of the MCU zinc-rich and
the City of Anoka with the idea of conducting a test project that included the ap-
plication of the newly NSF-approved coating on the Citys 400,000-gallon tank.
During development, the manufacturer conducted controlled test studies on the
product, but had no in-service examples that would confirm its protective char-
acteristics in water towers without a protective topcoat. To produce in-service
evidence of its products capabilities, and understanding the risks to the City of
Anoka, the manufacturer agreed to assume full responsibility for paint, contrac-
tor repairs, and inspection costs for coating failures (if any) in the test areas. The
inspection for failures would take place at the end of the two-year warranty given
to the owner. The engineering firm also received approval from the Minnesota
Department of Health for this first-of-its-kind undertaking. Given this win-win
scenario, the City approved the plan, and the engineering firm wrote the MCU or-
 4

ganic zinc-rich system and the guarantee into plans and specs that were sent to
contractors.
The case study consisted of applying the three coating systems shown in Table
1 and Fig. 1 and comparing their performance. All three systems came from the
manufacturer of the singlecoat product in the test.
The City took the tank out of service in June 2003. The specifications incorpo-
rated a scope of work that included erecting a full-containment structure per
SSPC-Guide 6, Class 2A, and completely removing interior and exterior coatings.
Though the project schedule allowed seven weeks to complete the work, the con-
tractor finished in four weeks and at $7,000 under budget, allowing the tank to
be returned to service earlier than anticipated.

Performance Evaluation
The engineering firm conducted a follow-
up warranty inspection in June of 2005
two years after testing the three coating
systemsincluding the inspection of the
single-coat MCU zincrich. AWWA D102-03
Standard, in Section 5.2.1.General, states:
When specified, the inside surfaces of
the tank shall be inspected within one
year after coating work has been com-
pleted, to determine whether any repair
work is necessary, so this two-year war-
ranted test period provided more than
sufficient time for any problems to sur-
face. At the engineering firms invitation,
representatives of the coating manufac-
turer participated in the inspection. The
Fig. 2: Condition of support angle at warranty inspection for MCU Zinc-rich
inspection revealed no significant failures
of the single coat MCU organic zinc-rich
system when compared with the two
more traditional systems (Figs. 2 and 3).
The only notable failures occurred over a
manway cover, amounting to less than
110 of 1% of the total test area. The fail-
ure was traced to an application error, not
to the product itself (Fig. 4).

Benefits
The initial success of the MCU zinc-rich
coating, applied at 3 to 4 mils DFT, was
measured by the performance criteria es-
tablished for this test project case study
(no blistering or peeling, less than 10%
corrosion per SSPC-Vis 4). This success in-
dicated a method by which this water
community could save thousands of dol-
Fig. 3: Condition of MCU zinc-rich on roof plates at warranty inspection
 5

lars on labor, material, time, and re-

pairs needed due to corrosion of its
storage tanks. The submerged area
of the tank totaled approximately
9,000 square feet, a third of which
represented thevapor area that was
used for the case study. A manufac-
turers recommendations for con-
ventional coatings, in vapor zones,
for example, may require a coating
thickness between 8 and 12 mils.
The recommended application
thickness for the MCU organic zinc-
rich tested is much less, however,
and there is no visible evidence of
unsuccessful coating performance
at this thickness. At an estimated
cost average of $6.25 per square
Fig. 4: At the warranty inspection, the only notable failures were over a manway cover foot using traditional systems,
and were traced to an application error.
recognized savings in the test area
for labor and materials were estimated at $1.75 per square footsignificant
savings, especially if the single-coat system performs as long as or longer
than conventional systems.
Since the AWWA and many water professionals recommend periodic inspection
of water tanks every three to five years, the engineering firm has another
inspection tentatively planned for 2009, at which time additional corrosion
performance results will be measured.
The performance data discovered in this two-year test project will be used to
evaluate the longevity of the MCU zinc-rich coating as an alternative to conven-
tional multi-coat coating systems for vapor zone renovation.

Future Value
Adopting a new coating technology or employing an existing coating in a new
environment may require owners or engineers to adjust their thinking, but not
necessarily to accept greater risks. The engineering firm successfully imple-
mented this test project case study without any risk to the client or to the safety
of their drinking water supply by providing the coating manufacturer the op-
portunity to assume responsibility for a product in which it had great confidence
yet limited in-service statistics.

Overcoming Client Preferences/Exceeding Owner Performance

We had complete trust and confidence in SEH, City of Anoka Public Works
Director Craig Gray said. Inspectors followed the entire project, and safety tests
were conducted before the tank was put back into service to ensure public safety.
But most of all, we needed assurances that if something went wrong I did not
have to go in front of our City Council and ask for another $100,000 to redo the
job, and the agreement [the engineering firm] negotiated with the paint manu-
facturer to cover all labor and materials gave us the security and protection we
needed to proceed.
6

Really, our only concern was meeting the project timetable, as we had to have
the tank back on line by August when water demand is greatest. Though we set a
seven-week schedule, the project was done three weeks early, and the tank was
back on line the first part of July. The project just went very smoothly, and shows
the potential that exists for municipalities to substantially save on labor and ma-
terials involved in water tank painting and/or rehabilitation.
The single-coat product SEH tested was Sherwin-Williams Corothane I Galva-
pac, B65 Series. Classic Protective Coatings applied the coatings for the testing.

Dan Zienty is a senior professional specialist for Short Elliott Hendrickson Inc. (SEH),
a multidiscipline, single-source consulting firm of engineers, architects, planners,
and scientists with offices throughout the Upper Midwest and mountain regions
(www.sehinc.com). He is based in St. Paul, MN.

Lee Dornbush is also a senior professional specialist at Short Elliot Hendrickson Inc.
He is an SSPC-certified Protective Coating Specialist.

Tony Ippoliti of The Sherwin-Williams Company, Industrial & Marine Coatings, is a

senior corrosion specification specialist based in Indianapolis, Indiana. He prepares
protective coating and lining specifications for engineering firms, steel fabricators,
electric power generators, and water/wastewater facilities in the Midwestern U.S. He
also performs corrosion surveys and assists in the evaluation of existing protective
coating and lining systems. He has worked for Sherwin-Williams since 1976. He is
active in SSPC, STI/SPFA, NACE, and AWWA.
JPCL
 Specification
Development 7

A Comparison of Ultra-Long-Life
By Michael L. Doolittle,
Tank Industry Consultants Coating Systems for Water
Editors note: This article was published
in JPCL in May 2009. Storage Tanks

F
or water storage tank applications, alkyds, the much-trusted coatings of the past, were
summarily replaced by superior performing poly- urethane coatings in the late 1970s and
early 1980s. Polyurethanes were then, in the early 1990s, supplanted by polyurethanes
with clear coats and polyurethanes with UV protectorscoatings that promised resistance
to fading and a twenty-year service life. These later polyurethanes are now being chal-
lenged by fluorourethane and polysiloxane coatingscoatings that, although developed in the 1980s,
are only recently being used for water storage tank applications. Fluorourethanes and polysiloxanes
are ultra-high-performance coatings that are said to have a service life of up to thirty years.
This article gives an overview of long-life coating systems for water tank exteriors and interiors,
including a relative comparison of salient application and performance properties.

Coating Systems for Water

Storage Tank Exteriors
Fluorourethane and siloxane coatings are rapidly gaining popularity with tank owners. The adver-
tised thirty-year service life of these coatings is a big plus as regulations placed on coating removal
and application procedures become stricter and the costs of materials and labor rise. The product
cost, however, makes most tank owners think twice and re-eval-
uate the benefit of the increased service life.
Siloxane coatings, newer to the industry than fluorourethanes,
are promoted as having very good color and gloss retention, and
they are less expensive than the fluorourethane coatings. Silox-
anes have a wider recommended application thickness range
and are relatively easy to apply, with pot life exceeding the flu-
orourethane coatings.

Life Expectancy
What defines the end of an exterior coatings service life? When
the first rust spot appears? When a certain percentage of primer
is showing? When a certain percentage of rust is visible? Or
when the finish coat is not aesthetically pleasing? For this arti-
cle, the definition of the service life of a coating is the amount of
time before repainting becomes necessary due to coating failure
and corrosion. Future touch-up may be required on isolated
coating failures. If aesthetics are a concern, the owner may have
to topcoat the repainted tank before the end of the expected
The fluorourethane coating system applied to these two ground storage tanks service life. However, future topcoating would be less expensive
continues to provide excellent corrosion protection after 7 and 8 years of service. than complete cleaning and recoating and could postpone the
All photos courtesy of Tank Industry Consultants need for complete cleaning and repainting for many years.
 8

Color Availability
Most exterior tank coatings are available in practically all colors. Many times, color and aesthetic con-
cerns drive the selection of the coating.

Ease of Application
Generally, single-component materials dry on surfaces via the evaporation of the solvent, while mul-
tiple-component materials generally cure by a chemical reaction of the materials. Some coating types
are more sensitive to atmospheric conditions than others, and this should be taken into account dur-
ing coating selection.
Single-component materials, such as alkyds, acrylics, moisture-cured urethanes, and silicone alkyds,
are easier to mix and apply than the two- and three-component, higher-performance coating materials.
During both application and cure, moisture-cured coatings are prone to blushing when exposed to
humidity or dew. Good painting practices must be followed for a coating to
perform as intended. For example, to perform properly, all components of a
moisture-cured urethane must be mixed using the correct component ratios
and power mixers; clean thinner in clean containers should be used as well.
In addition, most coating manufacturers recommend using shorter roller nap,
high-quality roller covers for application. The shorter roller nap is somewhat
more difficult to useit requires the applicator to reapply the coating to the
roller more frequently because the shorter nap does not hold as much paint
as the longer nap. Care needs to be taken to apply and roll the material to
achieve the required dry film thickness.
Because of its sensitivity to coating thickness, a polyurethane clear coat
is much more difficult to apply evenly and consistently. It is critical that the
material be applied at the specified thicknessnormally about 1 mil. A
polyurethane application can look great when it is completed, but once a year
or two has passed, any areas where the clear coat is too thick can yellow, and
undercoats that are too thin can begin to very noticeably fade.

Resistance to Abrasion
In reality, the sources of abrasion on a water tank surface are limited: van-
dals throwing rocks or shooting at tanks, or, possibly, ice and snow build-up
in cold weather. When vandals throw rocks and chip the coating, spot rust-
ing may result. Our companys experience shows that all of the finish coatings
are going to react similarly. If a tank has been damaged previously by van-
dalism, consider using a zinc prime coat in which the zinc may help reduce the
rusting caused by a breach in the finish coat. The best strategy to reduce abra-
sion from ice and snow is to make sure the material is applied with a smooth
finish so the ice and snow will slide off, with no lifted edges where moisture
can get in and lift the coating.
This tank in Lombard, IL, The Lilac Village,
is still a community landmark three years Resistance to Graffiti
after the tank was recoated with a If the solvent in an anti-graffiti paint softens the underlying coating, graffiti will bond readily to the
fluorourethane coating system.
underlying coating and will be difficult to remove. Ultra-high-performance coatings may reduce the
damage from graffiti because they provide a smoother finish, have lower surface energy, and are
more solvent resistant, thus giving the graffiti less bite into the surface. With high-performance
polyurethanes and ultra-high-performance fluorourethanes and polysiloxanes, graffiti can be re-
moved, but it takes a lot of elbow grease using the appropriate thinner. Removing graffiti can re-
move part of the finish coat, and often residual graffiti is visible. The only way to remove graffiti
from acrylics and alkyds is to apply coating over the graffiti, but matching the color of the original
coating is often difficult.
9

Resistance to Fading (Color and Gloss Retention)

Although alkyds and acrylics can be obtained in many colors, the poor color retention and gloss re-
tention of these coatings should limit the color selection to light blues, light greens, light tans, and
white. As these coatings fade and chalk, they will tend to look white anyway.
The higher performance polyurethanes in bright colors will begin to fade during the first three to
five years. If a tank is to be painted white, it might be adequate to use a standard polyure-thane be-
cause, while the gloss is likely to fade, the color will remain the same.
Water tank applications of solvent-borne fluorourethanes have not been in service long enough to
know how much they will fade. However, tanks that our company observed being coated with a fluo-
rourethane three to five years ago do not appear to have faded nearly as much as we would have ex-
pected had they been painted with a standard polyurethane. Longer in-service results for water tank
applications of siloxane coatings are not yet available
A recent and common application of note is the use of fluorourethanes for bright colored logos on
lighter colored tanks because fluorourethanes hold color well.
Also of note: in our companys experience with exterior tank coatings, acrylics seem to hold their
color significantly better than the alkyds.

Resistance to Chalking
Chalking is a white powdery substance that forms on the surface of a coating as it is degraded by UV
radiation and as the coating pigments and binders break down. Chalking is usually an aesthetic con-
sideration, except in extreme situations in which the thickness of the coating decreases and reduces
the coatings protective properties. Alkyds and polyurethane coatings seem to be most apt to chalk.

Ease of Topcoating
Coatings that have good resistance to graffiti (having a very hard or smooth surface) are typically not
easy to topcoat for the same reasons. Although water tank applications of fluorourethanes and silox-
anes have a short history, given their short recoat windows, abrading is normally required before top-
coating or touch-up; polyurethanes with clear coats also require abrading prior to topcoating or
touch-up.
Polyurethanes, acrylics, and alkyds typically have an extended recoat window. By the time they
are ready for topcoating, the surface has degraded and chalked sufficiently that a good power wash,
using a detergent and usually some scrubbing, is required to prepare the surface. By nature, chalk-
ing normally causes the surface to become abraded. To provide good adhesion for the topcoating, it
is important to remove chalk, dirt, and debris.

Dry Fallout
Coatings that dry or cure quickly and fall to the ground in a relatively dry condition have good dry
fallout characteristics. Because most water tank abrasive blasting projects are done inside contain-
ment due to lead paint or nuisance dust restrictions, dry fall coatings are not as critical as they once
werethe tarps or containment can easily be left in place during coating application. In addition,
more and more exterior tank painting projects are using brush and roller application instead of spray
application. Application by brush and roller will reduce the amount of overspray because the coat-
ing droplets will be larger and not travel as far.
Polyurethane, fluorourethane, and polysiloxane coatings do not have good dry fall characteris-
tics. In addition, some of the dry fall acrylics cannot be applied by brush and roller and achieve good
results.

Corrosion Resistance
Corrosion resistance can be documented by many testing procedures that compare different coat-
ing types under similar conditions. Because lead-based primers are no longer available, many coat-
ings, such as alkyds, silicone alkyds, and acrylics, will not have the same corrosion resistance as
previously manufactured coatings of the same generic type that contain lead or chromates.
 10

Coating Systems for Water

Storage Tank Interiors
Two- or three-coat tank interior epoxy coating systems have been a standard in the industry for the
past 25 years. Recent additions to the coatings specifers arsenal are zinc-primed epoxy and
polyurethane interior coating systems. Metalized coatings, also available for 25 years or so, are also
gaining popularity for the interiors of potable water storage tanks.

Life Expectancy
Is interior coating failure defined as when the first rust spot appears or when a certain percent-
age of rust is visible? The service life of an interior coating is defined in this article as the typical
expected number of years before repainting becomes necessary due to excessive coating failure and
corrosion. The owner can extend the service life of the interior coating by installing and properly
maintaining and operating a cathodic protection system to help protect the interior submerged
steel surfaces that have experienced coating failure. Cathodic protection is not commonly used
with zinc/aluminum spray-applied coatings.
Epoxy or zinc-epoxy interior coatings are expected to last 1525 years. Polyurethanes and met-
alized coatings have a significantly longer service life.

NSF 61 Certified Products

The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) has established testing criteria for coatings in contact with
potable water. These criteria include protocol for bacteria growth, VOC contamination, and limits on
other impurities in the cured coating system. Most states have adopted the NSF/ANSI 61 listing pro-
cedure for tank interior coating systems; the participation status of all 50 U.S. states is provided in
the NSF report, Survey of ASDWA Members Use of NSF Standards and ETV Reports: May 2008,
available at http://www.nsf.org/business/water_distribution/pdf/ASDWA_Survey.pdf.

Ease of Application
Epoxy and zinc-epoxy coating systems are relatively easy to apply and have a relatively short ma-
terial pot life. The higher performance interior coatings, such as polyurethanes and polyureas, are
one-application, multi-pass systems. These materials have a very short
recoat window, and, once applied and set, require significant additional
surface preparation for topcoating and touch-up. They are more difficult
than the standard epoxy systems to apply because they require special
plural-component spray guns, heaters, and other equipment, as well as a
deep anchor pattern. Specialized training and certification is also required
for the applicator, and training is recommended for the equipment oper-
ator. For the coating to perform well, the operator must make sure the
coating temperature is correct and the material is on ratio.
A metalized coating system is also more difficult to apply because
special contractors and equipment are needed to apply them, and a higher
degree of surface preparation is required.
One advantage to metalizing, however, is that it can be applied in the
colder winter months if proper dehumidification equipment is used. The
Equipment used in the application of metalized coating SSPC-CS 23.00/AWS C2.23/NACE No. 12 joint standard is an excellent
guide to use for specifying and evaluating metalizing systems.

Resistance to Abrasion
Applied correctly, polyurethane coatings for tank interiors are very resistant to ice damage, which
is the only abrasion to which they are really subjected. Metalized coatings also have excellent
resistance to corrosion and abrasion.
11

Ease of Topcoating
It is not normally cost effective to topcoat standard epoxy interior tank coatings. However, when
ultra-high-performance coatings are applied correctly, they may be very difficult to remove, and top-
coating may therefore be an option. With the long expected service life of ultra-high-performance
systems, the need to topcoat has not come up yet. Based on experience so far, it is expected that spot
repair will extend the life of these coatings in water tank service. However, the surface will need to
be well abraded before any spot touch-up.

Corrosion Resistance
Metalizing and a zinc primer under an epoxy or polyurethane topcoat are the only tank interior coat-
ing systems that offer corrosion resistance. Epoxy and polyurethane coatings offer a barrier, and
polyurethanes have especially good resistance to coating undercut, should a coating break occur.
(Undercut occurs where corrosion works its way under a coating and enables a coating failure spot
to develop.) A metalized system has excellent resistance to corrosion.

Specialized Test Equipment

High voltage holiday testing is required for polyurethane tank interior coating systems that are ap-
plied at more than 20 mils of dry film thickness. This test is more involved and more difficult to
use than the standard low-voltage test.

Cost of Materials
Metalizing is very expensive but has one of the longest life expectancies of any of the coatings dis-
cussed. A sealer or finish coat is often recommended.

Conclusion
It is important to take into consideration many criteria when designing a coating system for each
tank coating specification. Items to consider include the following.
In what environment is the tank located?
What are the constraints of the tank site?
What is the design of this tank?
What is the present condition of the coating?
What are the types of coating failures observed on this tank, why did they occur, and what can be
done to correct them?
Where are the existing corrosion problems on this tank?
What time of year and for how long can the tank be taken out of service for painting?
What are the owners short and long-termplans for this tank?
What is the right coating system for your water storage tank? Now, more than ever, tank owners
and operators need expert, unbiased, third-party input to make this complex decision.

Michael Doolittle has worked for Tank Industry Consultants (TIC) for 25 years. Formerly TICs field services
manager, he continues to be one of the primary liaisons between owners and contractors.
He conducts failure analyses, is involved in dispute resolution, attends pre-construction
meetings on behalf of tank owners and TIC, and is responsible for project administration
duties. Mr. Doolittle is a Level III NACE Certified Coating Inspector, an SSPC Protective
Coating Specialist, and an American Welding Society Welding Inspector. He has written
several articles for JPCL.
JPCL
Coating Systems
for Water Works 12

Coating System Guide

for Water Works
Listings are alphabetized by company name.

+"1. +1$ !01.'+% , 0" ,*-,/'0# #!&+,),%'#/

Exterior Exposure EP521/EX-2C CarbonSeal
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
Weathering and UV
+#!,+ ,.-,. 0',+ +"1.,+ , 0'+%/ +!
Steel Chemclad Perma-Gloss
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Fluorourethane
+"1/0.'#/ +2'.,+*#+0 ) .,0#!0'2# , 0'+%/ +! +"1/0.' ) +,0#!& +!
IronBond 111 E-4000 One Coat Nansulate PT
Other Zinc-Rich, Organic Thermal Spray
2')',+ +! -,45 #!& +0#.+ 0',+ ) +0#%1*#+0 #!&+,),%'#/ +!
PPG MPC Plastico FluoroGrip
Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic
)1# 0#. .'+# +" .,0#!0'2# , 0'+%/ .%,+ .*,. +0#.+ 0',+ ) '+0
Marine AC70/Marine Urethane Novocoat International
Epoxy/Polyester/Polyester Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane
,3#./ +"1/0.' ) )#4!.#0# #!&+,),%'#/ 0" *#.'! + $#05 #!&+,),%5
Gulf Coast Paint Cemprotec AS-250
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Acrylic (1-2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
. ,)'+# ,*- +5 ,4 +"1/0.'#/ +! ,)5 -#! 101. , 0'+%/
Carboxane Fox FX-501M Elastomeric Coating Futura-Thane
Organic Zinc/Siloxane Other Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
#0!, , 0'+%/ +! .0 , 0'+%/ +!
Perlastic SG Rustop/SP-X Silicone Poly Plus HP-105
Coal Tar/Asphalt Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
&#*!, +0#.+ 0',+ ) 0" !, #/0#.+ ,..,/',+ ,+0.,) , 0"
Epo-chem RL 500PF GacoFlex S20 Techni-Plus UR-5
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Other Urethane/Urethane
,.!&#* ,.-,. 0',+ .,+ .,"1!0/ +! #*-#. 5/0#* *#.'! +!
Corchem 97/260/274
(8 0 0) 7 2 2 - 6 7 2 1 Mortarthane/Accelaresin Kemperol 2K-PUR
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Urethane/Urethane
www.3m.com/corrosion
,.,0#!& '%& #.$,.* +!# , 0'+%/ #*'0# .,"1!0/ +! #+!# ,..,/',+ #.2'!#/
3M Corrosion Protection Products
Cortech Fibre-Prime PetroGard
Scotchkote
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Other Tape Wraps
Fusion-Bonded Epoxy (1-2 Coats)
,0# +"1/0.'#/ +! ), ) !, #!&+,),%'#/ ,)' .'" , 0'+%/ +!
ABRI Industries
Durabak 18/Durabak 18 Smooth Endura-Flex Polibrid 705
IronBond111
Urethane/Urethane Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
Other
#+/, ,.0& *#.'! 1)$ , /0 '+0 $% +! ,)5!, 0 .,"1!0/
Denso Inc.
Avilion GCP Polyeuro 7502
Wasser
Tape Wraps Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU
#2,# +0#.+ 0',+ ) '+0 #*-#) +! ,)5 -#! &',(,)
Blue Water
Devoe High Marine and Protective
Performance Coatings Coatings 17360/17630-3/5595U PolySpec TuffRez
Marine Urethane
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Epoxy/Polyester/Polyester
' Bowers
*,+" Industrial
,%#) '+0 ,*- +5 #.#/'0# .,0#!0'2# , 0'+%/ ,. +!
Finium
Gulf DTM-AT
Coast CSE-6200/UC-5500 Por-15
Other
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Urethane/Urethane
1.,* . +! Chemical
Bridgeport '%&) +" +0#.+ 0',+ ) +! , 0'+%/
HPL-1110
GA 27P 475R Dry-Fall/68R Dry-Fall PPC Coatings
Epoxy 100%
Epoxy 100%Solids
Solids(1(1oror2 2Coats)
Coats) Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Other
Water Works 13

1/3&$3*5& "1*.& /"3*.(2 /,5&1*.& /"3*.(2 /10/1"3*/. *"-/.% /(&, "*.3 /-0".8
Amercoat LiquaTile Vers-Acryl 200/Vers-Acryl 222
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Other
)*./ *.*.(2 /10/1"3*/. ",*#41 /.2314$3*/. 823&-2 .$ 41/-"1 .$
SolarMax UraLock UV HPL-1110
Urethane/Urethane Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
/%%" "*.3 /10/1"3*/. ! /1,%6*%& .%41" ".4'"$341*.( / 3%
RoPon/Polycoat HS ZRC-221 Cold Galvanizing Compound HiBuild/EX-2C
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Zinc-Rich, Organic Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
/5", /10 .&$/. /10/1"3*/.
Roval R22 Cold Galvanizing Compound Chemclad
Zinc-Rich, Organic Exterior Exposure Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
423 4,,&3 Weathering and UV 0/78 &$) .3&1."3*/.",
Rust Bullet Standard MPC Plastico
Other Concrete Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
423 ,&4- /10/1"3*/. 1(/. 1-/1
9100/9400 System .%4231*&2 Novocoat
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Concrete Bond WR Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
"4&1&*2&. .$ Other 4$,*% )&-*$", /-0".8
Sauereisen $18,* /. ,//1*.( /,43*/.2 Tammscoat
Urethane/Urethane AcryliCon - Decor Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic
)&16*. *,,*"-2 Other ,&7$1&3& &$)./,/(*&2 3%
Macropoxy 646/Hi-Solids Polyurethane %5".$&% )&-*$", &$)./,/(*&2 .$ Cemprotec
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Sil-Act Other
0&$*",38 1/%4$32 .$ Siloxane/Siloxane /7 .%4231*&2 .$
Polyshield HT-100F, AMP 100, CAP 100 .%&+ /10/1"3*/. Fox FX-501 Elastomeric Coating
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Polagard Other
3*1,*.( ,/8% 1/40 ,$ Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic /"3*.(2 .$
Integritank 5*,*/. .$ Bio-Safe Prime & Seal/MaxLife
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate PPG Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic
&1-"1423 &$)./,/(*&2 Epoxy/Epoxy/Siloxane "$/ &23&1.
Termarust TR2000 HR CSA Series /6&12 .%4231*", GacoFlex S20
Calcium Sulphonate Duromar Other
&2," "./ /"3*.(2 3% Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) "1/. 1/%4$32 .$
Teslan &3$/ Moratarthane/Accelaresin
Zinc-Rich, Organic Perlastic SG Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
)&1-*/. Coal Tar/Asphalt &-*3& 1/%4$32 .$
Thermion )&-$/ .3&1."3*/.", 3% Tuff-Flex CA
Thermal Spray Epo-chem RL 500PF Other
&3",*9*.( 823&-2 3% Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy ,/#", $/ &$)./,/(*&2
TMS Metalizing /.$1&3& /,43*/.2 *5 /' )*./ *.*.(2 /10 Endura-Flex
Thermal Spray Epoxy 200 Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
.&-&$ /-0".8 .$ Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids 4,' /"23 "*.3 '( .$
Hydro-Zinc/UVX/HydroFlon /002 .%4231*&2 .$ GCP
Organic Zinc/Urethane/Urethane Armorgard 700UV Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
/0 &$1&3 /"3*.(2 Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) &-0&, .$
Top Secret /1$)&- /10/1"3*/. 553US/17630-3/5595U
Alkyd/Alkyd/Silicone Alkyd Corchem 260/274 Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
23 &.3418 /"3*.(2 .$ Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane &1&2*3& 1/3&$3*5& /"3*.(2
FPUWC1 /1/3&$) *() &1'/1-".$& /"3*.(2 CSE-6200/UC-5500
Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Fluoropolymer Corotech Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
/"3*.(2 Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane /-0/2*3& &$)./,/(*&2
EpoxyGrip/UreGrip /11/ )*&,% .3&1."3*/.", .$ CarbonSeal
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Corro Aqua-Shield Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
&12" ,&7 .$/10/1"3&% Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy .%41/. /"3*.(2 .$
FSS 50 DM /3& .%4231*&2 .$ AC403 Elastomeric Coating
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Durabak 18/Durabak 18 Smooth Other
*241/. &$)./,/(*&2 .$ Urethane/Urethane .%4231*", "./3&$) .$
PolyArmor, PolyPro 1/22'*&,% 1/%4$32 /10 Nansulate GP
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Dex-O-Tex Thermal Spray
/,"3*,& 1&& .$ Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane .3&(4-&.3 &$)./,/(*&2 .$
Volatile Free, Inc. 1/6. /,8-&12 FluoroGrip
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) CrownPro 6 No VOC Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic
"22&1 /10/1"3*/. Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) -&1*$". "'&38 &$)./,/(8
Wasser &.2/ /13) -&1*$" AS-250
MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU Denso Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
"32/. /"3*.(2 .$ Tape Wraps /,8 0&$ 4341" /"3*.(2
Aqua-Shield &5/& .3&1."3*/.", "*.3 Futura-Thane
Alkyd/Acrylic/Acrylic Devoe High Performance Coatings Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
Water Works 14

#24 0#4+/)3 /% 1'%+#-49 20&5%43 /% *'.%0 /4'2/#4+0/#- 4&

HP-105 Polyprime-100, Polyshield HT-100F, AMP 100 Epo-chem RA 500M
Urethane/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
02203+0/ 0/420- 0 4& 4+2-+/) -09& 2051 -% /&5342+'3
Techni-Plus UR-5 Integritank CIM
Urethane/Urethane Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
'.1'2 934'. .'2+%# /% '2.#2534 '%*/0-0)+'3 '60' /4'2/#4+0/#- #+/4
Kemperol 2K-PUR Termaflex TX4000 Series Devoe High Performance Coatings
Urethane/Urethane Other Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
'9 '3+/ 0.1#/9 /'.'% 0.1#/9 /% 520.#2 /%
Plasti-Chemie EpoxoBloc WB/Enviro-Crete HPL-1110 PW
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Acrylic (1-2 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
2940/ /4'2/#4+0/#- /% 01 '%2'4 0#4+/)3 /'%0/ 02102#4+0/
Krystol T1, Krystol T2 Top Secret Chemclad
Other Alkyd/Alkyd/Silicone Alkyd Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
/% 34 '/4529 0#4+/)3 /% /6+20-+/' /4'2/#4+0/#- #+/4
Marseal 4000 FPUWC1 Enviroline
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Fluoropolymer Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
024*'2/ /&5342+'3 /% 0#4+/)3 1089 '%* /4'2/#4+0/#-
Hydro-Seal 75 EpoxyGrip/UreGrip Uroflex 61
Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
08 2'4' 20&5%43 2051 '23# -'8 /%02102#4'& 2)0/ 2.02
Nox-Carb Stain & Sealer FSS 45 DC ErgonArmor
Siloxane/Siloxane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Coal Tar/Asphalt
#%+(+% 0-9.'23 +6+3+0/ 0( ! '8%0/ *'.+%#-3 -'8%2'4' '%*/0-0)+'3 4&
Elasto-Deck 6500 Powercoat Cemprotec
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Other
0-+$2+& 0#4+/)3 /% +3520/ '%*/0-0)+'3 /% #%0 !'34'2/
Polibrid 705 PolyArmor, PolyPro GacoFlex LM 60
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
0-9%0#4 20&5%43 0-#4+-' 2'' /% -0$#- %0 '%*/0-0)+'3
Polyeuro 7502 Volatile Free, Inc. Endura-Flex
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
0-9 1'% *+0,0- !#33'2 02102#4+0/ '2'3+4' 204'%4+6' 0#4+/)3
PolySpec TuffRez Wasser Heresite CSE-6000
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids MCU/MCU/MCU Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
02 /% !#430/ 0#4+/)3 /% 0.103+4' '%*/0-0)+'3
Por-15 Aqua-Shield CarbonSeal
Urethane/Urethane Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
0#4+/)3 !0-6'2+/' 0#4+/)3 02102#4+0/ /&520/ 0#4+/)3 /%
PPC Coatings LiquaTile Perma-Clean 100 Ceramic Epoxy
Other Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
204'%4+6' #2+/' 0#4+/)3 " #-+$52 0/3425%4+0/ 934'.3 /% /&5342+#- 0#4+/)3 0( 0-02#&0
Amercoat AntiCarb S Multiple brands
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Other Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
20('33+0/#- 20&5%43 0( #/3#3 /% /4')5.'/4 '%*/0-0)+'3 /%
Professional Water Sealant PWS-5 Regular FluoroGrip
Other Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic
2030%0 /% Immersion Exposure /4'2/#4+0/#- #+/4
Weather Seal Potable Water Approved Enviroline
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Siloxane/Siloxane
#+/)5#2& Steel ! '6%0/
Clear Seal Brushable Ceramic
Urethane/Urethane ! *'34'240/ 0 0.103+4'3 Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
*+/0 +/+/)3 02102#4+0/ ARC PW ! 0-9 1'% 5452# 0#4+/)3
SolarMax Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Protec II
Urethane/Urethane /&5342+'3 Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
0&&# #+/4 02102#4+0/ Abri Universal Sealer - Marine #4+0/#- #+/4'/#/%' 20&5%43 49 4&
RoPon HS/Polycoat HS Other Jaxxon
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane 6+-+0/ /% Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
534 -'5. 02102#4+0/ PPG 1'%+#-49 20&5%43
9100/9800 System Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats) NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane 07'23 /&5342+#- Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
#5'2'+3'/ /% Duromar 0-+$2+& 0#4+/)3 /%
Sauereisen Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Polibrid 705
Urethane/Urethane #2$0-+/' 0.1#/9 Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
*'27+/ !+--+#.3 Carboguard 0-9%0#4 20&5%43
Macropoxy 646/Hi-Solids Polyurethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Polyeuro 5502 NSF
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane 0/ '%* 0( #-+(02/+# /% Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
Hydro-Pox
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Water Works 15 Water Works

,/ +" Immersion Exposure +#201/($0

Por-15 CIM
Urethane/Urethane Potable Water Approved Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
/,1$"1(3$ /(+$ , 1(+&0 Concrete $3,$ +1$/+ 1(,+ ) (+1
Amercoat Devoe High Performance Coatings
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
'$01$/1,+ , ,*-,0(1$0
2 +12* /,2- ARC PW 2/,* / +"
Precidium P-180D, Precidium 650PW Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) HPL-1110-PW
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
+#201/($0
3$+ (+(+& 601$*0 Abri Universal Sealer - Marine +$",+ ,/-,/ 1(,+
Raven Lining Systems Other Chemclad
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
#3 +"$# '$*(" ) $"'+,),&($0 +"
'(+, (+(+&0 ,/-,/ 1(,+ Sil-Act +3(/,)(+$ +1$/+ 1(,+ ) (+1
Rhino Extreme PW Siloxane/Siloxane Enviroline
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
3()(,+ +"
201 )$2* ,/-,/ 1(,+ PPG -,56 $"' +1$/+ 1(,+ )
W9200 System Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxytec CPP
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
,4$/0 +#201/( )
2$/$(0$+ +" Duromar /&,+ /*,/
Sauereisen Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) ErgonArmor
Urethane/Urethane Coal Tar/Asphalt
/!,)(+$ ,*- +6
'$/4(+ ())( *0 Reactamine 2")(# '$*(" ) ,*- +6
Copoxy Primer/Mac 646 PW Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) HeyDi K-11
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Other
,+ $"' ,% )(%,/+( +"
-$"( )16 /,#2"10 +" Hydro-Pox )$5"/$1$ $"'+,),&($0 1#
Watersafe Primer, Watersafe 100-NSF Polyurea Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Cemprotec
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Other
'$*", +1$/+ 1(,+ ) 1#
-$"1/ '($)# (+$/ 601$*0 Epo-chem RA 500M ", $01$/+
SpectraGarde Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled GacoFlex LM 60
Urethane/Urethane Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
-/ 6/,. +"
Spraywall/Sprayshield
Urethane/Urethane
1(/)(+& ),6# /,2- )"
Permare
Other
'$/*(,+
Thermion
Thermal Spray
+$*$" ,*- +6 +"
Hydro-Zinc/Pota-Pox
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy
01 $+12/6 , 1(+&0 +"
FPUWC15PW
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Fluoropolymer
, 1(+&0
GripLine
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
$/0 )$5 +",/-,/ 1$#
AquaVers 405
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
(02/,+ $"'+,),&($0 +"
Click our Reader

PolyArmor, 1010PW
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
00$/ ,/-,/ 1(,+
Click our

Wasser
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
e-Card

,)3$/(+$ , 1(+&0 ,/-,/ 1(,+

Reader

LiquaTile
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
at paintsquare.com/ric

)(!2/ ,+01/2"1(,+ 601$*0 +"

e-Card at paintsquare.com/ric

EpoxySeal PW
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy
 Water Works 16

(/,6( 41'7&65 0& 8,.,10 0&

Cem-Flex ST PPG
Other Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats)
.1%$. &1 (&+01.1*,(5 14214$6,10
Endura-Flex Elastocoat
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Urethane/Urethane
(0-(. 14214$6,10< 14415,10 0*,0((4,0* .7( "$6(4 $4,0( $0' 416(&6,8( 1$6,0*5
Acroline HDPE Marine AC70
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
+(49,0 ",..,$/5
1/215,6( (&+01.1*,(5 SherFlex 19(45 0'7564,$.
CarbonSeal Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Duromar
Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
2(&,$.6; 41'7&65 0&
0'7410 1$6,0*5 0& Watersafe Primer, Watersafe 100-NSF Polyurea $4%1.,0( 1/2$0;
Perma-Clean 100 Ceramic Epoxy Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Carboguard
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
2(&64$ +,(.' ,0(4 ;56(/5
0'7564,$. 1$6,0*5 1) 1.14$'1 SpectraGarde 10 (&+ 1) $.,)140,$ 0&
Multiple brands Urethane/Urethane Hydro-Pox
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
24$;413 0&
06(*7/(06 (&+01.1*,(5 0& Spraywall/Sprayshield (,.&16( 06(40$6,10$. $,06
FluoroGrip Urethane/Urethane Ceilcote
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
6,4.,0* .1;' 4172 .&
" (8&10 Permare (6&1
Brushable Ceramic Other Perlastic SG
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Coal Tar/Asphalt
+(4/,10
" 1.; 2(& 7674$ 1$6,0*5 Thermion +(/&1 06(40$6,10$. 6'
Futura-Thane Thermal Spray Epo-chem RA 500M
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
0(/(& 1/2$0; 0&
4;610 06(40$6,10$. 0& Pota-Pox Plus 0'7564,(5
Krystol T1, Krystol T2 Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy CIM
Other Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
12 (&4(6 1$6,0*5
0& Top Secret 14&+(/ 14214$6,10
Marseal NSF & Marseal Structural Sealant Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Corchem 247
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Epoxy Coal Tar High Build (1 or 2 Coats)
56 (0674; 1$6,0*5 0&
$6,10$. $,06(0$0&( 41'7&65 6; 6' FPUWC15PW 1416(&+ ,*+ (4)14/$0&( 1$6,0*5
Jaxxon Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Fluoropolymer Corotech
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
1$6,0*5
2(&,$.6; 41'7&65 GripLine 16( 0'7564,(5 0&
NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Durabak/Durabak Smooth
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Urethane/Urethane
!(45$ .(: 0&14214$6('
1.,%4,' 1$6,0*5 0& AquaVers 405 4190 1.;/(45
Polibrid 705 Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Crown Cote No VOC
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
!(:&10 +(/,&$.5
1.;&1$6 41'7&65 Powercoat (051 146+ /(4,&$
Polyeuro 1050H Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Acrylic (1-2 Coats) Denso
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Tape Wraps
!,57410 (&+01.1*,(5 0&
14 0& PolyArmor, 1010PW (81( 06(40$6,10$. $,06
Por-15 Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Devoe High Performance Coatings
Urethane/Urethane Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
"$55(4 14214$6,10
416(&6,8( $4,0( 1$6,0*5 Wasser ,$/10' !1*(. $,06 1/2$0;
Amercoat Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Mult-E-Poxy 180
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
"1.8(4,0( 1$6,0*5 14214$6,10
7$067/ 4172 LiquaTile 741/$4 0&
Precidium P-180D, Precidium 650PW Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) HPL-1110
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
# $.,%74 105647&6,10 ;56(/5 0&
7(56 105647&6,10 ;'41 612 0,6(' 6*5 EpoxySeal PW 0'74$ $07)$&674,0* 1 6'
BarrierGuard Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy UG/HiBuild/EX-2C
Other Inorganic Zinc/Epoxy/Urethane
$8(0 ,0,0* ;56(/5 0(&10 14214$6,10
Raven Lining Systems Chemclad
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Immersion Exposure Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
+,01 ,0,0*5 14214$6,10 08,41.,0( 06(40$6,10$. $,06
Rhino Extreme Non-Potable Water Enviroline
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Steel Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
756 .(7/ 14214$6,10 21:; (&+ 06(40$6,10$.
W9200 System " +(56(4610 1 1/215,6(5 Uroflex
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy ARC S1 Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
$7(4(,5(0 0& Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) 4*10 4/14
Sauereisen 6.$5 ,0(4$.5 +(/,&$.5 0& Novocoat
Urethane/Urethane Rezklad Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
 Water Works 17 Water Works

)"3 ."0" " %+,),$&"/ 0! ,*-,/&0" " %+,),$&"/ ,)& .&! , 0&+$/ +
Cemprotec CarbonSeal Polibrid 705
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Acrylic (1-2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
,3 +!1/0.&"/ + +!1.,+ , 0&+$/ + ,)4 , 0 .,!1 0/
Fox FX-70-9 Hydro Ester Coating Perma-Clean 100 Ceramic Epoxy Polyeuro 5502
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
1'& &)* * .0 1.# "/ +!1/0.& ) , 0&+$/ ,# ,),. !, ,)4 ,.- 0!
Duplex Silicone Fouling Release Multiple brands Polycorp/Polymeric
Other Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Sheet Lining, Rubber
"*&0" .,!1 0/ + +0"$1*"+0 " %+,),$&"/ + ,. +
Fibre-Prime FluoroGrip Por-15
Other Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Urethane/Urethane
), ) , " %+,),$&"/ +0".+ 0&,+ ) &+0 , 0&+$/
Endura-Flex International PPC Coatings
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Other
1)# , /0 &+0 #$ + ,)4 -" 101. , 0&+$/ .,0" 0&2" .&+" , 0&+$/
GCP Protec II Amercoat
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
"*-") + "*-". 4/0"* *".& + 1 +01* .,1-
17630-3/17630-3/17630-3 Kemperol 2K-PUR Precidium P-180D, Precidium 650D
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Urethane/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
"+(") ,.-,. 0&,+5 ,..,/&,+ +$&+"".&+$ 0&,+ ) &+0"+ + " .,!1 0/ 04 0! 2"+ &+&+$ 4/0"*/
Penncoat 227 Jaxxon Raven Lining Systems
Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
"."/&0" .,0" 0&2" , 0&+$/ -" & )04 .,!1 0/ %&+, &+&+$/ ,.-,. 0&,+
Heresite CSE-6100 NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating Rhino TuffGrip
Epoxy Phenolic (3 Coats) Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
&$%) +! +0".+ 0&,+ ) + "+ " ,..,/&,+ ".2& "/ ,!! &+0 ,.-,. 0&,+
74 Chem-Temp Epoxy Lining PetroGard RoPon HS
Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats) Tape Wraps Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy

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 Water Works 18

645 6--&5 0-7&3*/& 0"5*/(4 03103"5*0/ 05& /%6453*&4 /$

Rust Bullet Standard LiquaTile Durabak/Durabak Smooth
Other Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Urethane/Urethane
645 -&6. 03103"5*0/ "-*#63 0/4536$5*0/ :45&.4 /$ &/40 035) .&3*$"
9100 System EpoxySeal PW Denso
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy Tape Wraps
"6&3&*4&/ /$ ! 03-%8*%& &70& /5&3/"5*0/"- "*/5
Sauereisen ZRC-221 Cold Galvanizing Compound Devoe High Performance Coatings
Urethane/Urethane Zinc-Rich, Organic Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
)&38*/ *--*".4 *".0/% 0(&- "*/5 0.1"/:
Macropoxy 646 Mult-E-Poxy 180
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Immersion Exposure Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
1&$*"-5: 30%6$54 /$ Non-Potable Water 630."3 /$
Synergy Series Aquaseal-UB, Polyshield HT-SL HPL-1110
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Concrete Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
1&$53" )*&-% */&3 :45&.4 /%63" "/6'"$563*/( 0 5%
SpectraShield )&45&350/ 0 0.104*5&4 HiBuild/EX-2C
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) ARC CS2 Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
13":302 /$ /&$0/ 03103"5*0/
Spraywall/Sprayshield %7"/$&% )&.*$"- &$)/0-0(*&4 /$ Chemclad
Urethane/Urethane Sil-Act Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Siloxane/Siloxane
5*3-*/( -0:% 3061 -$ /7*30-*/& /5&3/"5*0/"- "*/5
Integritank /%&, 03103"5*0/ Enviroline
Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate Cocoon Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester
6#4&" /%6453*&4 /7*30/.&/5"- 305&$5*7& 0"5*/(4 /$
Ecospeed 5-"4 */&3"-4 )&.*$"-4 /$ E-300 Coal Tar
Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester/Vinyl Ester Chempruf Urethane/Urethane
Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
&4-" "/0 0"5*/(4 5% 109: &$) /5&3/"5*0/"-
Teslan 7*-*0/ /$ Epoxytec CPP
Zinc-Rich, Organic PPG Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats)
)&3.*0/ 3(0/ 3.03
Thermion 03103"5*0/ Novocoat
Thermal Spray Elastocoat Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Urethane/Urethane
&5"-*;*/( :45&.4 5% 6$-*% )&.*$"- 0.1"/:
TMS Metalizing 08&34 /%6453*"- Duralkote 240
Thermal Spray Duromar Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
/&.&$ 0.1"/: /$ -&9$3&5& &$)/0-0(*&4 5%
Hydro-Zinc/Hi-Build Epoxoline II "3#0-*/& 0.1"/: Cemprotec
Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy Plasite Other
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
01 &$3&5 0"5*/(4 09 /%6453*&4 /$
Top Secret 0/ &$) 0' "-*'03/*" /$ Fox FX-70-9 Hydro Ester Coating
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Hydro-Pox Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
45 &/563: 0"5*/(4 /$ 6+* *-. ."35 63'"$&4
FPUWC15 &*-$05& /5&3/"5*0/"- "*/5 Duplex Silicone Fouling Release
Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Fluoropolymer Ceilcote Other
Epoxy/Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
0"5*/(4 &.*5& 30%6$54 /$
GripLine &5$0 Cem-Kote CW Plus
Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats) Perlastic SG Other
Coal Tar/Asphalt
&34" -&9 /$03103"5&% -0#"- $0 &$)/0-0(*&4
FSS 50 DM )&.$0 /5&3/"5*0/"- 5% Endura-Flex
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epo-chem RA 500M Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
Epoxy Flake Filled/Epoxy Flake Filled
*4630/ &$)/0-0(*&4 /$ 6-' 0"45 "*/5 '( /$
PolyArmor, 1010PW )&. 0 :45&.4 GCP
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) CCS Coating General Purpose Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
0-"5*-& 3&& /$ &/,&- 03103"5*0/< 03304*0/ /(*/&&3*/(
Volatile Free, Inc. /%6453*&4 Tufchem II Membrane
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) CIM Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
"44&3 03103"5*0/ &3&4*5& 305&$5*7& 0"5*/(4
Wasser 0114 /%6453*&4 /$ Heresite HCR-1100
MCU Zinc Rich/MCU/MCU Armorgard 500 Polyester/Polyester/Polyester
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids
0.104*5& &$)/0-0(*&4
03$)&. 03103"5*0/ CarbonSeal
Corchem 247 Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac
Epoxy Coal Tar High Build (1 or 2 Coats)
0305&$) *() &3'03."/$& 0"5*/(4
Cortech
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
0330 )*&-% /5&3/"5*0/"- /$
Corro-Cote
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
 Water Works 19 Water Works

+"2/,+ , 1'+%0 +! 2#/#'0#+ +! , 1'+%0

Perma-Clean 100 Ceramic Epoxy Sauereisen GripLine
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Urethane/Urethane Epoxy Novolac (1 or 2 Coats)
+"201/' ) , 1'+%0 ,$ ,),/ ", &#/4'+ '))' *0 #/0 )#5 +!,/-,/ 1#"
Multiple brands SherFlex FSS 45 DC
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
+1#%2*#+1 #!&+,),%'#0 +! -#!' )16 /,"2!10 +! #5!,+ &#*'! )0
FluoroGrip Polyprime-100, Aquaseal-UB, Polyshield Powercoat
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Acrylic (1-2 Coats)
,)6 -#! 212/ , 1'+%0 -#!1/ &'#)" '+#/ 601#*0 '02/,+ #!&+,),%'#0 +!
Futura-Thane SpectraShield PolyArmor, 1010PW
Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Polyurea Hybrid (1, 2, or 3 Coats) Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
#*-#/ 601#* *#/'! +! -/ 6/,. +! ,) 1')# /## +!
Kemperol 2K-PUR Spraywall/Sprayshield Volatile Free, Inc.
Urethane/Urethane Urethane/Urethane Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
/61,+ +1#/+ 1',+ ) +! 1'/)'+% ),6" /,2- )! 00#/ ,/-,/ 1',+
Krystol T1, Krystol T2 Integritank Wasser
Other Methyl Methacrylate/Methyl Methacrylate MCU/MCU/MCU
+! &#/*',+ ')) *#11# ))#6 ,*- +6
Marseal 3500 & Marseal Structural Sealant Thermion PolyQuik
Sheet Lining, Thermoplastic Thermal Spray Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
1',+ ) '+1#+ +!# /,"2!10 16 1" +#*#! ,*- +6 +! ,)3#/'+# , 1'+%0 ,/-,/ 1',+
Jaxxon Hi-Build Epoxoline II LiquaTile
Epoxy/Epoxy 100% Solids Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
1',+ ) ,)6*#/0 +! ,- #!/#1 , 1'+%0 )' 2/ ,+01/2!1',+ 601#*0 +!
Private Label Top Secret EpoxySeal PW
Epoxy/Epoxy Novolac/Epoxy Novolac Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Urethane Organic Zinc/Epoxy/Epoxy
-#!' )16 /,"2!10 01 #+12/6 , 1'+%0 +!
NSP-120 High Performance Epoxy Coating FPUWC15
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats) Epoxy (1-2 Coats)/Fluoropolymer
!'$'! ,)6*#/0 '3'0',+ ,$
Elasto-Poxy Primer/Elasto-Deck BT Reservoir
Other
,)' /'" , 1'+%0 +!
Polibrid 705
Urethane Elastomeric (1 Coat)
,)6!, 1 /,"2!10
Polyeuro 5502
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
,)6 -#! &',(,)
PolySpec TuffRez
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
,/ +!
Por-15
Urethane/Urethane
, 1'+%0
PPC Coatings
Other
/,1#!1'3# /'+# , 1'+%0
Amercoat
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
2 +12* /,2-
Precidium P-180D, Precidium 650D
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
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3#+ '+'+% 601#*0

Raven Lining Systems
Epoxy 100% Solids (1 or 2 Coats)
&'+, '+'+%0 ,/-,/ 1',+
Rhino TuffGrip
Polyurea Pure (1, 2, or 3 Coats)
,"" '+1 ,/-,/ 1',+
RoPon HS
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
201 )#2* ,/-,/ 1',+
9100 System
Epoxy/Epoxy/Epoxy
 20

Company Profiles
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